Innovation

is turning great ideas into solutions

that can be applied and scaled.
Innovation requires:

Creative people
Ecosystems that support entrepreneurs
Public policies that allow it to flourish
Creative people

Formulate new problems rather than depending on

others to define them.

Have the ability to transfer what they learn across

different contexts.
Ecosystems that support connectivity
and business growth
The private sector is a key driver of economic growth
and development.

Successful business environments arise where government

actively works with the private sector to embrace
entrepreneurial enterprises and create thriving business
communities.
Public policies that allow innovation
to flourish

Countries that support competitive domestic markets create

conditions for new entrepreneurial ventures to thrive while
incentivizing established firms to innovate and boost productivity.
China is investing in innovation to
drive productivity and promote growth.
China has gone from being an innovation sponge to an economy that
is working to drive breakthroughs and compete in global markets.

1995 2012
China stands out among emerging market economies in spending on R&D.

R&D spending as percent of GDP

 China is pouring money into government-guided startup funds.
1.600
1.400
1.200
1.000
(bln yuan)

800
600
400
200
0
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Creative talent in China
8

Almost 8 million college graduates will enter the job market 7

next year, almost 7x the number in 2001.

6

Million students
4

Undergraduate 1

Postgraduate 0

1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Creative talent in China

2,800+ higher education institutions in China,

a 20% increase since 2004.

More research articles published than any other nation,

apart from the United States.

1,010,864 patent applications were submitted in 2015,

more than a third of the filings made around the world.
 Metrics for quality of innovation: Top 10 high- and top 10 middle-income economies
1 Japan
2 United States of America
High-income economies

3 United Kingdom
4 Germany
5 Switzerland
6 Korea, Republic of
7 France
8 Sweden
9 Canada
10 Netherlands
Average (49 economies)

17 China
25 India
Middle-income economies

27 Brazil
28 South Africa
35 Mexico
37 Malaysia
38 Turkey 2.3.4 QS university ranking average score of top 3 universities
42 Thailand 5.3.5 Patent families filed in the least 2 offices
43 Colombia 6.1.5 Citable documents H index
45 Ukraine
Average (63 economies)

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Sum of scores
Ecosystems that support connectivity and
business growth in China
Increased Integration
Greater connectivity exists among
businesses. 80% of companies of
report more external expenses
(outsourcing intermediaries and
consulting) than internal expenses.
Competitive Coexistence
Competition is the norm. Typically
there is more than one player in
emerging Innovation markets
resulting in mutual improvement of
services, e.g. JD & TaoBao as well
as MeiTuan and ELeMa.
Speedy Transformation
Regulators are often fairly quick to
keep up with product innovation.
Food safety regulations for online
food delivery apps and vehicle
regulations for car sharing apps
move in place fairly quickly despite
some obstacles to implementation.
Public policies that allow innovation to flourish in China
Programs cultivating scientific talent:
Thousand Talents Plan – aimed at luring back top Chinese researchers from abroad.
Chang Jiang Scholars Program – aimed at attracting distinguished visiting professors.
National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars – aimed at providing research support to
deserving scientific projects.

Programs promoting the tech and manufacturing sectors:

Internet Plus – aimed at integrating internet technologies with manufacturing and business
Made In China 2025 – aimed at modernizing the country’s manufacturing by encouraging innovation
and use of high technology.
China has established strength in efficiency-driven and customer-focused innovation.
Tech companies such as Alibaba, Xiaomi, and Tencent have become leading global players.

A key component of these consumer-facing companies’ success is their ability to launch new
models and refine their products based on market feedback.

A significant component of China’s productivity growth may soon come from this new
high-tech business environment.

China’s massive consumer market allows for the development of healthy competition so
products arise and spur innovation.
USA
Population: 318.9 million
China
Population: 1.357 billion
India
Population: 1.252 billion
ASEAN
Population: 625 million
What good is innovation
without a market?
How can innovation scale?
ASEAN countries must work together on:

Improving and expanding the creative talent pool

Investing in high technology industries
Embracing non-protectionist policies & smart regulation
Developing a willingness to invest in risky innovative companies
 started in China – a country that has
allowed tech companies like us to effectively innovate.

Listening to customers has helped us put great products in the market.

Today we are scaling up across Asia-Pacific.

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