TUTORIAL#3

Subnetting
Subnetting : is the process of breaking a
large network into smaller networks by
adding 1’s to the subnet mask.
What is the subnetwork address if the destination
address is 100.90.34.0 and the subnet mask is
255.255.220.0?
Subnetwork address= IP address AND subnet mask
100.90.34.0 AND 255.255.220.0
only convert 34 and 220 to binary
34: 00100010
220:11011100
34 AND 220
00100010 AND 11011100 = 00000000
Subnetwork address: 100.90.34.0 AND 255.255.220.0
=100.90.0.0
In a Subnetwork, we know the IP address of one host
is 182.44.82.16/26 .
what are the network address and the limited
broadcast address in this block ?
 Number of IP address: 2 ^ (32-n) = 2 ^ ( 32- 26) = 2^6 = 64 address

Step1: convert the IP address into binary:

10110110001011000101001000010000
Step2: numbers of bits
32 - 26 = 6 bits
network address
sets 0’s in last 6 bits : 10110110001011000101001000000000
( in decimal 182.44.82.0 )
broadcast address
sets 1’s in last 6 bits : 10110110001011000101001000111111
( in decimal 182.44.82.63 )
Number of IP address available for host. 64-2=62 hosts
Range of address : from 182.44.82.0 to 182.44.82.63
The number of subnets must be a power of 2.
The number of hosts per subnet is 2 power of the size
of the host ID field
A company is granted the site address
154.71.0.0 (class B). The company needs six
subnets. Design the subnets.
The number of 1s in the default mask is 16 (class B).
The company needs six subnets. This number 6 is not a
power of 2. The next number that is a power of 2 is 8 (23)
We need 3 more 1s in the subnet mask. The total number of
1s in the subnet mask is 19 (16 + 3).

The total number of 0s is 13 (32 − 19). The mask is

11111111111111111110000000000000
 Write the following masks in slash notation (/n)
1) 255.255.255.0 (/24)
2) 255.0.0.0 (/8)
3) 255.255.240.0 (/20)
Find the range of addresses in the following blocks.
1) 123.56.77.32/29
IPv4 have 32 bits so,
find the number of address in the block
2 ^ (32-29) = (23) = 8 address in the block.
last address = first address + number of address in this
block - 1
123.56.77.32 + 0.0.0.7 = 123.56.77.39
A small organization is given a block with the beginning
address and the prefix length 205.16.37.24/29 (in slash
notation). What is the range of the block?
 The beginning address is 205.16.37.24. To find the last
address we keep the first 29 bits and change the last 3
bits to 1s. (32-29=3)
Beginning:11001111 00010000 00100101 00011000
Ending : 11001111 00010000 00100101 00011111
There are only 8 addresses in this block. (23)
What is the network address if one of the
addresses is 167.199.170.82/27?
The prefix length is 27, which means that we
must keep the first 27 bits and change the
remaining bits (5) to 0s. 32-27=5
The 5 bits affect only the last byte. The last byte
is 01010010. Changing the last 5 bits to 0s, we
get 01000000 or 64.
The network address is 167.199.170.64/27.
An organization is granted the block
130.34.12.64/26. The organization needs to
have four subnets. What are the subnet
addresses and the range of addresses for each
subnet?
The suffix length is 6 (32-26). This means the
total number of addresses in the block is 64
(26).
If we create four subnets (22),
each subnet will have 16 addresses. (64/4 = 16)
 We need four subnets, which means we need to add
two more 1s to the site prefix. The subnet prefix is
then /28.

Subnet 1: 130.34.12.64/28 to 130.34.12.79/28.

Subnet 2 : 130.34.12.80/28 to 130.34.12.95/28.
Subnet 3: 130.34.12.96/28 to 130.34.12.111/28.
Subnet 4: 130.34.12.112/28 to 130.34.12.127/28.