Intervals

(white key method)

Memorize these intervlas in the key of C. All other intervals can be calculated from these reference intervals.
Seconds Thirds

œœ œœ œœ œœ œœ œœ œœ œœ
& œœ œœ œœ œœ œœ œœ œœ œœ
M2 M2 m2 M2 M2 M2 m2 M2 M3 m3 m3 M3 M3 m3
m3 M3
Seconds
œœ œœ œœ œœ Thirds œœ œ œœ œœ
œ
? œœ œœ œœ œœ œœ œœ œœ œœ
M2 M2 m2 M2 M2 M2 m2 M2 M3 m3 m3 M3 M3 m3 m3 M3

Fourths Fifths
œœ œœ œœ œœ œœ œœ œœ œœ
& œœ œœ œœ œœ œœ œœ œœ œœ
P4 P4 P4 A4 P4 P4 P4 P4 P5 P5 P5 P5 P5 P5 d5 P5
Fourths Fifths
? œœ œœ œœ œœ œœ œœ œœ œœ
œœ œœ œœ œœ œœ œœ œœ œœ
P4 P4 P4 A4 P4 P4 P4 P4 P5 P5 P5 P5 P5 P5 d5 P5

Sixths
œ œœ œœ œœ Sevenths
œ œ œœ œœ
& œœ œœ œœ œœ œ œ œ œœ œœ œ œ
œ œ
M6 M6 m6 M6 M6 m6 m6 M6 M7 m7 m7 M7 m7 m7 m7 M7

œ œ œœ œœ
Sixths Sevenths
? œ œ œœ œœ œ œ œœ œœ
œ œœ œœ œœ œ œ œ œ
œ œ œ
M6 M6 m6 M6 M6 m6 m6 M6 M7 m7 m7 M7 m7 m7 m7 M7
2
Once you understand the intervals created by the C Major scale, you can transform
them by a half step to create more intervals. If the interval is hard to calculate, use these charts.

aug5th dim5th
P5

example

aug5th dim5th

aug3rd M3 min3rd

example

min3rd
aug3rd

Maj6th m6
dim6th

example

Maj6th dim6th

Interval Inversions

2nds invert to 7ths

3rds invert to 6ths

4ths invert to 5ths

and vice versa.

P4 inverts to P5 M3 inverts to m6 Aug4 inverts to dim5

˙˙ ˙ ˙˙
& ˙˙ ˙˙
˙˙ ˙
˙˙ ˙
? ˙˙ ˙˙ ˙ ˙˙
˙˙