Owain Glyndŵr

Owain Glyndŵr (Welsh pronunciation: [ˈoʊain ɡlɨ̞nˈduːr]; c. 1359 – c. 1415), or

Owain Glyndŵr
Owain Glyn Dŵr (Latin: Oenus de Glendor(dee)), sometimes called Owen
Glendower in English, was a Welsh ruler and the last native Welshman to hold the
Prince of Wales
title Prince of Wales (Tywysog Cymru). He instigated a fierce and long-running, yet
Lord of Glyndyfrdwy and of Cynllaith
ultimately unsuccessful war of independence with the aim of ending English rule in
Owain
Wales.

Glyndŵr was a descendant of the Princes of Powys through his father Gruffudd
Fychan II, hereditary Tywysog of Powys Fadog and Lord of Glyndyfrdwy, and of
those of Deheubarth through his mother Elen ferch Tomas ap Llywelyn ab Owen.[1]
On 16 September 1400, Glyndŵr instigated the Welsh Revolt against the rule of
Henry IV of England. The uprising was initially very successful and rapidly gained
control of large areas of Wales, but it suffered from key weaknesses – particularly a
lack of artillery, which made capturing defended fortresses difficult, and of ships,
which made their coastlands vulnerable. The uprising was eventually suppressed by
the superior resources of the English. Glyndŵr was driven from his last strongholds
in 1409, but he avoided capture and the last documented sighting of him was in Prince of Wales
1412. He twice ignored offers of a pardon from his military nemesis, the new king Reign 1404 – c. 1415
Henry V of England, and despite the large rewards offered, Glyndŵr was never
Predecessor Owain Lawgoch
betrayed to the English. His death was recorded by a former follower in the year
Hereditary Prince of Powys Fadog
1415.
Predecessor Gruffydd Fychan II
In William Shakespeare's play Henry IV, Part 1, the character of Owen Glendower is Successor Maredudd ab Owain
[2]
a wild and exotic king ruled by magic and emotion. Glyndŵr

With his death Owain acquired a mythical status along with Cadwaladr, Cynan and Born c. 1359
Arthur as the hero awaiting the call to return and liberate his people. In the late 19th
Died c. 1415
century, the Cymru Fydd movement recreated him as the father of Welsh
nationalism. Spouse Margaret Hanmer
Issue Gruffudd ab Owain
...among Glyndŵr
others Maredudd ab Owain
Contents Glyndŵr
Early life Alys ferch Owain
Siblings Glyndŵr
Welsh revolt 1400–1415 Catrin ferch Owain
Tripartite indenture and the year of the French Glyndŵr
Rebellion founders Ieuan ab Owain
Disappearance and death Glyndŵr
Marriage and issue House Mathrafal
Ancestors Father Gruffydd Fychan II
Legacy
Mother Elen ferch Tomas ap
Tudor period
Llywelyn
As a Welsh national hero
Fiction Religion Catholicism
 See also
References
Sources
Further reading
External links

Early life
Banner of Owain Glyndŵr.
Arms: Quarterly or and gules,
four lions rampant armed and
langued azure
counterchanged. Crest. A
dragon, or wyvern, gules.
Mantling. Red lined white.[3]
married David Hanmer's daughter, Margaret, started his large family and established himself as the Squire of Sycharth and
Glyndyfrdwy, with all the responsibilities that entailed.
Glyndŵr was born around 1349 (possibly 1359) to a prosperous landed family, part of the
Anglo-Welsh gentry of the Welsh Marches (the border between England and Wales) in
northeast Wales.[4] This group moved easily between Welsh and English societies and
languages, occupying important offices for the Marcher Lords while maintaining their
position as uchelwyr — nobles descended from the pre-conquest W
elsh royal dynasties — in
traditional Welsh society. His father, Gruffydd Fychan II, hereditary Tywysog of Powys
Fadog and Lord of Glyndyfrdwy, died some time before 1370, leaving Glyndŵr's mother
Elen ferch Tomas ap Llywelyn of Deheubarth a widow and Owain a young man of 16 years
at most.
The young Owain ap Gruffydd was possibly fostered at the home of David Hanmer, a rising
lawyer shortly to be a justice of the Kings Bench, or at the home of Richard FitzAlan, 3rd
Earl of Arundel. Owain is then thought to have been sent to London to study law at the Inns
of Court.[5] He probably studied as a legal apprentice for seven years. He was possibly in
London during the Peasants' Revolt of 1381. By 1383, he had returned to Wales, where he

Glyndŵr entered the English king's military service in 1384 when he undertook garrison duty under the renowned Welshman Sir
Gregory Sais, or Sir Degory Sais, on the English–Scottish border at Berwick-upon-Tweed.[4][6] In August 1385, he served King
Richard under the command of John of Gaunt again in Scotland.[5] On 3 September 1386, he was called to give evidence in the
Scrope v Grosvenor trial at Chester.[7] In March 1387, Owain was in southeast England under Richard Fitzalan, 11th Earl of Arundel,
in the English Channel at the defeat of a Franco-Spanish-Flemish fleet of
f the coast of Kent. Upon the death in late 1387 of his father
-
in-law, Sir David Hanmer, knighted earlier that same year by Richard II, Glyndŵr returned to Wales as executor of his estate. He
possibly served as a squire to Henry Bolingbroke (later Henry IV of England), son of John of Gaunt, at the short, sharp Battle of
Radcot Bridge in December 1387. He had gained three years' concentrated military experience in different theatres and seen at first
hand some key events and people.

King Richard was distracted by a growing conflict with the Lords Appellant from this time on. Glyndŵr's opportunities were further
limited by the death of Sir Gregory Sais in 1390 and the sidelining of Richard Fitzalan, Earl of Arundel, and he probably returned to
his stable Welsh estates, living there quietly for ten years during his forties. The bard Iolo Goch ("Red Iolo"), himself a Welsh lord,
visited him in the 1390s and wrote a number of odes to Owain, praising Owain's liberality
, and writing of Sycharth, "Rare was it there
/ to see a latch or a lock."

Siblings
The names and number of Owain Glyndŵr's siblings cannot be certainly known. The following are given by the
Jacob Youde William
Lloyd:[8]

Brother Tudur, Lord of Gwyddelwern, born about 1362, died 11 March 1405 at a battle in Brecknockshire in the wars
of his brother.
Brother Gruffudd who had a daughter and heiress, Eva.
Sister Lowri, also spelled Lowry, married Robert Puleston of Emral.
 Sister Isabel married Adda ap Iorwerth Ddu of Llys Pengwern.
Sister Morfudd married Sir Richard Croft ofCroft Castle, in Herefordshire and, secondly, David ab Ednyfed Gam of
Llys Pengwern.
Sister Gwenllian.
Tudur, Isabel and Lowri are given as his siblings by the more cautious Prof. R R Davies. That Owain Glyndŵr had another brother
Gruffudd is likely; that he possibly had a third, Maredudd, is suggested by one reference.[9]

Welsh revolt 1400–1415

In the late 1390s, a series of events began to push Owain towards rebellion, in what
was later to be called the Welsh Revolt, the Glyndŵr Rising or (within Wales) the
Last War of Independence. His neighbour, Baron Grey de Ruthyn, had seized control
of some land, for which Glyndŵr appealed to the English Parliament. Owain's
petition for redress was ignored. Later, in 1400, Lord Grey informed Glyndŵr too
late of a royal command to levy feudal troops for Scottish border service, thus
enabling him to call the Welshman a traitor in London court circles.[10] Lord Grey
was a personal friend of King Henry IV. Glyndŵr lost the legal case, and was under c.1400 – c.1416 Y Ddraig Aur (The
personal threat. However, an alternative source states that Glyndŵr was under threat Gold Dragon). The royal standard of
because he had written an angry letter to Lord Grey, boasting that he had stolen Owain Glyndŵr, Prince of Wales,
some of Lord Grey's horses, and believing Lord Grey had threatened to "burn and famously raised over Caernarfon
during the Battle of Tuthill in 1401
slay" within his lands, he threatened retaliation in the same manner. Lord Grey then
against the English, it is evident in
denied making the initial threat to burn and slay, and replied that he would take the
Glyndŵr's privy seals that his gold
incriminating letter to the King Henry IV's council, and that Glyndŵr would hang dragon had two legs.
for the admission of theft and treason contained within the letter.[11] The deposed
king, Richard II, had support in Wales, and in January 1400 serious civil disorder
broke out in the English border city ofChester, after the public execution of an officer of Richard II.[12]

These events led to Owain formally assuming his ancestral title of Prince of Powys on 16 September 1400 at his Glyndyfrdwy estate.
With a small band of followers which included his eldest son, his brothers-in-law, and the Bishop of St Asaph in the town of Corwen,
[7]
possibly in the church of SS Mael & Sulien, he launched an assault on Lord Grey's territories.

After a number of initial confrontations between King Henry IV and Owain's followers in September and October 1400, the revolt
began to spread in 1401. Much of northern and central Wales went over to Owain. Henry IV appointed Henry Percy – the famous
"Hotspur" – to bring the country to order. Hotspur issued an amnesty in March which applied to all rebels with the exception of
Owain and his cousins, Rhys ap Tudur and Gwilym ap Tudur, sons of Tudur ap Gronw (forefather of King Henry VII of England).
Both the Tudurs were pardoned after their capture ofEdward I’s great castle at Conwy.

In June, Owain scored his first major victory in the field at Mynydd Hyddgen on
Pumlumon. Retaliation by Henry IV on the Strata Florida Abbey followed, but
eventually led to Henry's retreat.

In 1402, the English Parliament issued the Penal Laws against Wales, designed to
establish English dominance in Wales, but actually pushing many Welshmen into the
rebellion. In the same year, Owain captured his arch enemy, Baron Grey de Ruthyn.
He was to hold him for almost a year until he received a substantial ransom from
Henry.
Monument to Owain Glyndŵr's
In June 1402, Owain defeated an English force led by Sir Edmund Mortimer at the victory at the Battle of Mynydd
Battle of Bryn Glas, and Mortimer was captured. Glyndŵr offered to release Hyddgen in 1401.
Mortimer for a large ransom but, in sharp contrast to his attitude to de Grey, Henry
IV refused to pay. Mortimer's nephew could be said to have had a greater claim to
the English throne than Henry himself, so his speedy release was not an option. In response, Mortimer negotiated an alliance with
Owain and married one of Owain's daughters. It is also in 1402 that mention of the French and Bretons helping Owain was first
heard. The French were certainly hoping to use W
ales as they had used Scotland: as a base to fight the English.

In 1403 the revolt became truly national in Wales. Royal officials reported that Welsh students at Oxford University were leaving
their studies to join Owain, and Welsh labourers and craftsmen were abandoning their employers in England and returning to Wales.
Owain could also draw on Welsh troops seasoned by the English campaigns in France and Scotland. Hundreds of Welsh archers and
experienced men-at-arms left English service to join the rebellion.

In 1404, Owain held court at Harlech and appointed Gruffydd Young as his
Chancellor. Soon afterwards, he called his first Parliament (or Cynulliad or
"gathering") of all Wales at Machynlleth, where he was crowned Prince of Wales
and announced his national programme. He declared his vision of an independent
Welsh state with a parliament and separate Welsh church. There would be two
national universities (one in the south and one in the north) and a return to the
traditional law of Hywel Dda. Senior churchmen and important members of society
flocked to his banner. English resistance was reduced to a few isolated castles,
walled towns and fortified manor houses.
A plaque at Machynlleth
commemorates Owain Glyndŵr's
1404 parliament
Tripartite indenture and the yearof the French
In February 1405, Owain negotiated the "Tripartite Indenture" with Edmund
Mortimer and Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland. The Indenture agreed to divide
England and Wales among the three of them. Wales would extend as far as the rivers
Severn and Mersey, including most of Cheshire, Shropshire and Herefordshire. The
Mortimer Lords of March would take all of southern and western England and the
Percys would take the north of England.[13] R. R. Davies noted that certain internal
features underscore the roots of Glyndŵr's political philosophy in Welsh mythology:
in it, the three men invoke prophecy, and the boundaries of Wales are defined
according to Merlinic literature.

Although negotiations with the lords of Ireland were unsuccessful, Owain had
reason to hope that the French and Bretons might be more welcoming. He Owain Glyndŵr's Parliament House,
dispatched Gruffydd Young and his brother-in-law (Margaret's brother), John Machynlleth, pictured in 1814.
Hanmer, to negotiate with the French. The result was a formal treaty that promised
French aid to Owain and the Welsh. The immediate effect seems to have been that
joint Welsh and Franco-Breton forces attacked and laid siege to Kidwelly Castle. The Welsh could also count on semi-official
fraternal aid from their fellow Celts in the then independent Brittany and Scotland. Scots and French privateers were operating
around Wales throughout Owain's war. Scottish ships had raided English settlements on the Llŷn Peninsula in 1400 and 1401. In
1403, a Breton squadron defeated the English in the Channel and devastated Jersey, Guernsey and Plymouth, while the French made
a landing on the Isle of Wight. By 1404, they were raiding the coast of England, with Welsh troops on board, setting fire to
Dartmouth and devastating the coast ofDevon.

1405 was the "Year of the French" in Wales. A formal treaty between Wales and France was negotiated. On the continent the French
pressed the English as the French army invaded English Plantagenet Aquitaine. Simultaneously, the French landed in force atMilford
Haven in west Wales. They marched through Herefordshire and on into Worcestershire. They met the English army just ten miles
from Worcester. The armies took up battle positions daily and viewed each other from a mile without any major action for eight days.
Then, for reasons that have never become clear
, the Welsh retreated, and so did the French shortlyafterwards.

Rebellion founders
By 1405, most French forces had withdrawn after politics in Paris shifted toward the
peace party. Early in the year, the Welsh forces, who had until then won several easy
victories, suffered a series of defeats. English forces landed in Anglesey from
Ireland and would over time push the Welsh back, until the resistance in Anglesey
formally ended toward the end of 1406.

At the same time, the English changed their strategy. Rather than focusing on
punitive expeditions as favoured by his father, the young Prince Henry adopted a
strategy of economic blockade. Using the castles that remained in English control,
he gradually began to retake Wales while cutting off trade and the supply of
weapons. By 1407 this strategy was beginning to bear fruit, even though by this time
Owain's rebel soldiers had achieved victories over the King's men as far as
Charles VI of France did not continue
Birmingham, where the English were in retreat. In the autumn, Owain'sAberystwyth
to support Glyndŵr's revolt
Castle surrendered while he was away fighting. In 1409, it was the turn of Harlech
Castle. Edmund Mortimer died in the final battle, and Owain's wife Margaret along
with two of his daughters (including Catrin) and three of Mortimer's granddaughters were imprisoned in the Tower of London. They
were all to die in the Tower before 1415.

Owain remained free, but he had lost his ancestral home and was a hunted prince. He continued the rebellion, particularly wanting to
avenge his wife. In 1410, after a suicide raid into rebel-controlled Shropshire, which took many English lives, some of the leading
rebels are thought to have been captured.

In 1412, Owain led one of the final successful raiding parties with his most faithful soldiers and cut through the King's men; and in an
ambush in Brecon he captured, and later ransomed, a leading Welsh supporter of King Henry's, Dafydd Gam ("Crooked David").
This was the last time that Owain was seen alive by his enemies. As late as 1414, there were rumours that the Herefordshire-based
Lollard leader Sir John Oldcastle was communicating with Owain, and reinforcements were sent to the major castles in the north and
south.

But by then things were changing. Henry IV died in 1413 and his son King Henry V began to adopt a more conciliatory attitude to
the Welsh. Royal pardons were offered to the major leaders of the revolt and other opponents of his father's regime.

Disappearance and death

Nothing certain is known of Owain after 1412. Despite enormous rewards being offered, he was neither captured nor betrayed. He
ignored royal pardons. Tradition has it that he died and was buried possibly in the church of Saints Mael and Sulien at Corwen close
to his home, or possibly on his estate in Sycharth or on the estates of his daughters' husbands — Kentchurch in south Herefordshire
or Monnington in west Herefordshire.

In his book The Mystery of Jack of Kent and the Fate of Owain Glyndŵr, Alex Gibbon argues that the folk hero Jack of Kent, also
known as Siôn Cent – the family chaplain of the Scudamore family – was in fact Owain Glyndŵr himself. Gibbon points out a
number of similarities between Siôn Cent and Glyndŵr (including physical appearance, age, education, and character) and claims that
Owain spent his last years living with his daughter Alys, passing himself off as an aging Franciscan friar and family tutor.[14] There
are many folk tales of Glyndŵr donning disguises to gain advantage over opponents during the rebellion.

Adam of Usk, a one-time supporter of Glyndŵr, made the following entry in his Chronicle under the year 1415: "After four years in
hiding, from the king and the realm, Owain Glyndŵr died, and was buried by his followers in the darkness of night. His grave was
discovered by his enemies, however, so he had to be re-buried, though it is impossible to discover w
here he was laid."

In 1875, the Rev. Francis Kilvert wrote in his diary that he saw the grave of "Owen Glendower" in the churchyard at Monnington "
[h]ard by the church porch and on the western side of it ... It is a flat stone of whitish grey shaped like a rude obelisk figure, sunk
deep into the ground in the middle of an oblong patch of earth from which the turf has been pared away, and, alas, smashed into
several fragments."[15]
 In 2006, Adrien Jones, the president of the Owain Glyndŵr Society, said, "Four
years ago we visited a direct descendant of Glyndŵr, a John Skidmore, at
Kentchurch Court, near Abergavenny. He took us to Mornington Straddle, in
Herefordshire, where one of Glyndŵr's daughters, Alice, lived. Mr Skidmore told us
that he (Glyndŵr) spent his last days there and eventually died there.... It was a
family secret for 600 years and even Mr. Skidmore's mother, who died shortly before
we visited, refused to reveal the secret. There's even a mound where he is believed to
be buried at Mornington Straddle."[16][17]

Marriage and issue

Glyndwr's Coats of Arms; fromA
Tour in Wales by Thomas Pennant
(1726–1798) that chronicle the three
journeys he made through Wales
between 1773 and 1776.
Owain married Margaret Hanmer,
also known by her Welsh name
Marred ferch Dafydd, daughter of
Sir David Hanmer of Hanmer, early
in his life.[18]

Owain's daughter Alys had secretly

married Sir John Scudamore, the King's appointed Sheriff of Herefordshire.
Somehow he had weathered the rebellion and remained in office. It was rumoured
that Owain finally retreated to their home at Kentchurch. A grandchild of the
Scudamores was Sir John Donne of Kidwelly, a successful Yorkist courtier, diplomat
and soldier, who after 1485 made an accommodation with his fellow Welshman,
Henry VII. Through the Donne family, many prominent English families are
descended from Owain, including the De Vere family, successive holders of the title
Earl of Oxford, and the Cavendish family (Dukes of Devonshire).
'Portrait of Owen Glyndwr, from his
According to Lloyd, Owain and Margaret had five sons and four (p. 211) or five great seal', 19th century
(p. 199) daughters:[18]

Gruffudd, born about 1375, was captured by the English, confined in Nottington Castle, and taken to the
Tower of
London in 1410. He died in prison ofbubonic plague about 1412.
Madog
Maredudd, whose date of birth is unknown, was still living in 1421 when he accepted pardon.
a
Thomas
John
Alys married Sir John Scudamore.[19] She was lady of Glyndyfrdwy and Cynllaith, and heiress of the Principalities of
Powys, South Wales, and Gwynedd.
Jane, who married Lord Grey de Ruthin.
Janet, who married Sir John de Croft ofCroft Castle, in Herefordshire.
Margaret, who married Sir Richard Monnington of Monnington, in Herefordshire.
Although not named by Lloyd, a fifth daughter, Catrin, is recorded elsewhere. She married Sir Edmund Mortimer, son of Edmund
Mortimer, 3rd Earl of March, and died in 1413.

Owain's sons were either taken prisoner or died in battle and had no issue. Owain had additional illegitimate children: David,
Gwenllian, Ieuan, and Myfanwy.[18]

Ancestors
(Rulers of
(Rulers of Deheubarth) (Rulers of Gwynedd)
Powys)
Bleddyn ap
Rhys ap Tewdwr
Cynfyn Gruffudd ap Cynan
m. 1093
m.1075

Maredudd ap
Gruffudd ap Rhys
Bleddyn Owain Gwynedd
m. 1137
m.1132

Madog ap Rhys ap Gruffudd

Iorwerth
Maredudd (Yr Arglwydd Rhys)
Drwyndwn
m.1160 m. 1197

Gruffudd
Gruffudd
Maelor I Llywelyn Fawr
m. 1201
m.1191

Madog ap
Gruffudd Owain Angharad ferch
Maelor m. 1235 Llywelyn
m.1236

Gruffudd
Maredydd ab Owain
Maelor II Eleaonor Marered
m. 1265
m.1269

Gruffudd
Owain
Fychan I Angharad
m. 1275
m. 1289

Madog Crypl Llywelyn ab

c. 1275 - Owain
1304 m. 1308

Tomos
Gruffudd
m. 1343

Gruffudd
Fychan II Elen
m. cyn 1340
 Owain
Glyn Dŵr
c. 1354 - c.
1414

Legacy

Tudor period
After Owain's death, there was little resistance to English rule. The Tudor dynasty saw
Welshmen become more prominent in English society. In Henry IV, Part 1, Shakespeare
portrays him as Owen Glendower,[20] wild and exotic; a man who claims to be able to "call
spirits from the vasty deep," ruled by magic and tradition in sharp contrast to the more logical
but highly emotional Hotspur. Shakespeare further notes Glyndŵr as being "not in the roll of
common men" and "a worthy gentleman,/Exceedingly well read, and profited/ In strange
concealments, valiant as a lion/And as wondrous affable and as bountiful/As mines of India."
(Henry IV, Part I, 3.1).

As a Welsh national hero Sculpture of Owain Glyndŵr

by Alfred Turner at City Hall,
With his death Owain acquired a mythical status along with Cadwaladr, Cynan and Arthur as
Cardiff.
[21] Thomas Pennant, in his Tours in
the hero awaiting the call to return and liberate his people.
Wales (1778, 1781 and 1783), searched out and published many of the legends and places
associated with his memory.[22] Previously, George Owen, in his A Dialogue of the present Government of Wales (1594) had written
against the Cruell lawes against Welshmen made by Henrie the ffourth in his attempts to quell the revolt.[23] But it was not until the
late 19th century that Owain's reputation was revived. The "Young Wales" movement recreated him as the father of Welsh
nationalism. The discovery of Owain's Great Seal and his letters to the French in the Bibliothèque Nationale helped revise historical
images of him as a purely local leader. In the First World War, the Prime Minister, David Lloyd George, unveiled a statue to him in
Cardiff City Hall and a postcard showing Owain at the Battle of Mynydd Hyddgen was sold to raise money for wounded Welsh
soldiers. Folk memory in Wales had always held him in high regard and almost every parish has some landmark or story about
Owain. However, there is no road sign indicating the scene of one of his greatest battles at Bryn Gl
as in 1415.

In 1808, the Royal Navy launched a 36-gun fifth-rate frigate, which it named
HMS Owen Glendower.[24] She served in the Baltic Sea during the Gunboat War
where she participated in the seizure of Anholt Island, and then in the Channel.
Between 1822 and 1824, she served in the West Africa Squadron (or 'Preventative
Squadron') chasing downslave ships, capturing at least two.

He is now remembered as a national hero and numerous small groups have adopted
his symbolism to advocate independence or nationalism for Wales. For example,
HMS Owen Glendower
during the 1980s, a group calling themselves "Meibion Glyndŵr" claimed
responsibility for the burning of English holiday homes in W
ales.

The creation of the National Assembly for Wales brought him back into the spotlight and in 2000 celebrations were held all over
Wales to commemorate the 600th anniversary of Glyndŵr's revolt, including an historic reenactment at the Millennium National
Eisteddfod of Wales, Llanelli 2000.[25] Stamps were issued with his likeness in 1974 and 2008[26] and streets, parks, and public
squares were named after him throughout Wales. Owain's personal standard — the quartered arms of Powys and Deheubarth rampant
— began to be seen all over Wales, especially at rugby union matches against the English. A campaign exists to make 16 September,
the date Owain raised his standard, a public holiday in Wales. An annual award for achievement in the arts and literature, the
 Glyndŵr Award, is named after him. In 2007, popular Welsh musicians the Manic Street
Preachers wrote a song entitled "1404" based on Owain Glyndŵr. The song can be found on
the CD single for 'Autumnsong'. A statue of Owain Glyndŵr on horseback was installed in
2007 in The Square in Corwen, Denbighshire, to commemorate his life and his lasting
influence on Wales. Also located on the Square in Corwen is the Owain Glyndwr Hotel. The
waymarked long distance footpath Glyndŵr's Way runs through Mid Wales near to his
homelands.

Owain Glyndŵr came 2nd in the100 Welsh Heroes poll of 2003/4.

In 2008, Glyndŵr University was established in

A sketch of Owain Glyndŵr Wrexham, Wales.[27] Originally established as the
as he appeared to William Wrexham School of Science and Art in 1887, it was
Blake in a late night vision. until the name change known as the North East Wales
This is one of a number of Institute or "NEWI". Glyndŵr was born and lived
such sketches known
much of his life around Wrexham and the Welsh
collectively as the Visionary
Marches.
Heads.
Glendower Residence, at the University of Cape Town
in South Africa was named after Owain Glyndŵr. The
residence was opened in 1993 having previously been the Glendower Hotel. It now houses
139 male and female undergraduate students.[28]
Statue of Owain Glyndŵr in
RGC 1404 (Rygbi Gogledd Cymru/North Wales Rugby) rugby union team is named in honour Corwen by Colin Spofforth.
of the year Owain Glyndŵr was crownedPrince of Wales.

Fiction
Glyndŵr has been featured in a number of works of modern fiction, including

John Cowper Powys: Owen Glendower (1941)

Edith Pargeter: A Bloody Field by Shrewsbury(1972)
Martha Rofheart: Glendower Country (1973)[29]
Rosemary Hawley Jarman: Crown in Candlelight (1978)
Roger Zelazny: A Night in the Lonesome October(1993)
Malcolm Pryce: A Dragon to Agincourt – Y Lolfa ISBN 0-86243-684-2 (2003)
Rhiannon Ifans: Owain Glyndŵr: Prince of Wales (2003)
Rowland Williams: Owen Glendower: A Dramatic Biography and Other Poems(2008)
T.I. Adams: The Dragon Wakes: A Novel of Wales and Owain Glyndwr(2012)
Maggie Stiefvater: The Raven Cycle fantasy novels (2012–16)
N. Gemini Sasson: Uneasy Lies the Crown: A Novel of Owain Glyndwr(2012)
[30]
BBC TV Series Horrible Histories, series 5, episode 7, features a song about Glyndŵr
Terry Breverton: Owain Glyndŵr: The Story of the Last Prince of W ales (2014)
Glyndŵr was the hero of James Hill's UK TV movieOwain, Prince of Wales, broadcast in 1983 in the early days of Channel 4/S4C.

Glyndŵr appeared briefly as a past Knight of the Word and a ghost who serves the Lady in Terry Brooks's Word/Void trilogy. In the
books, he is John Ross's ancestor.

Glyndŵr appeared as an agent of the Light inSusan Cooper's novel Silver on the Tree, part of The Dark is Rising Sequence.

For a study of the various ways Glyndŵr has been portrayed in Welsh-language literature of the modern period, see E. Wyn James,
Glyndŵr a Gobaith y Genedl: Agweddau ar y Portread o Owain Glyndŵr yn Llenyddiaeth y Cyfnod Modern (English: Glyndŵr and
the Hope of the Nation: Aspects of the Portrayal of Owain Glyndŵr in the Literature of the Modern Period) (Aberystwyth:
Cymdeithas Llyfrau Ceredigion, 2007).

See also
List of people who disappeared

References
1. " 'Owain Glyndwr' " (https://biography.wales/article/s-OWAI-GLY-1354). Dictionary of Welsh Biography.
2. Mainwaring, Rachel (23 April 2016)."How Wales is marking 400 years since Shakespeare's death" (https://www.wal
esonline.co.uk/whats-on/whats-on-news/how-wales-marking-400-years-11228990) . Wales Online. Retrieved
8 October 2018.
3. A European Armourial; Historic Heraldry of Britain; Heraldry
, Sources, Symbols and Meanings; Military Modelling;
Knights in Armour.
4. "Historic Figures: Owain Glyn Dwr (c.1355 – c.1415)"(http://www.bbc.co.uk/history/historic_figures/glyn_dwr_owain.
shtml). BBC History.
5. Davies, R.R. (1995). The revolt of Owain Glyn Dŵr. Oxford University Press.ISBN 9780198205081.
6. Davies, R.R. (1995). "The revolt of Owain Glyn Dŵr"(https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=8HzrCQAAQBAJ&pg=PT
9&lpg=PT9&sig=9mI0a4aojQl91_-jTLtFgab6kEg&ved=0ahUKEwiq7si34-XLAhWEtBoKHUPXCvcQ6AEIMDAD#v=on
epage&q=%22Owain%20Glynd%C5%B5r%22%201384%20berwick) . Oxford University Press.
ISBN 9780198205081. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
7. Pierce, Thomas Jones."Owain Glyndwr" (http://wbo.llgc.org.uk/en/s-OWAI-GLY-1354.html). Welsh Biography
Online. The National Library of Wales.
8. Lloyd, Jacob Youde William (1881). The History of the Princes, the Lords Marcher
, and the Ancient Nobility of Powys
Fadog (https://books.google.com/books?pg=P A197). 1. London: T. Richards. p. 197.
9. Parry, Charles (2010). Last mab darogan: the life and times of owain glyn dwr
. [S.l.]: Novasys Limited. p. 186.
ISBN 978-0956555304.
10. Allday, D. Helen (1981). Insurrection in Wales: the rebellion of the Welsh led by Owen Glyn Dwr (Glendower) again
st
the English Crown in 1400. Lavenham: Terence Dalton. p. 51. ISBN 0-86138-001-0.
11. Ian Mortimer (31 May 2013).The Fears of Henry IV: The Life of England's Self-Made King (https://books.google.co
m/books?id=gJ0eLiTqmLoC&pg=PA226). Random House. pp. 226–.ISBN 978-1-4070-6633-2.
12. Skidmore, Ian (1978). Owain Glyndŵr: Prince of Wales. Swansea: Christopher Davies. p. 24.ISBN 0715404725.
13. Davies, John (1994). A History of Wales. London: Penguin Books. p. 195. ISBN 0-14-014581-8.
14. Gibbon, Alex (2007). The mystery of Jack of Kent & the fate of Owain Glyndŵr
. Stroud: Sutton. ISBN 978-0-7509-
3320-9.
15. Plomer, William (ed.) (1944). Kilvert's Diary. 6 April 1875
16. "Glyndwr's burial mystery 'solved'" (http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/wales/mid_/3982755.stm)
. BBC News. 6
November 2004.
17. "The Society's Achievements"(https://web.archive.org/web/20081220122831/http://www .owain-glyndwr-soc.org.uk/a
chievements.htm#burial%20site). The Owain Glyndwr Society. Archived from the original (http://www.owain-glyndwr-
soc.org.uk/achievements.htm)on 20 December 2008.
18. Lloyd, J (1881). The History of the Princes, the Lords Marcher
, and the Ancient Nobility of Powys Fadog(https://book
s.google.com/books?pg=PA199). 1. London: T. Richards. pp. 199, 211–219.
19. "Owain Glyndwr" (http://www.bbc.co.uk/wales/history/sites/themes/figures/owain_glyndwr.shtml). Wales History.
BBC.
20. "Owain Glyndŵr" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160409162532/http://www .glyndwr.ac.uk/en/AboutGlyndwrUniversit
y/Whoweare/OwainGlyndwr/). Glyndŵr University. Archived from the original (http://www.glyndwr.ac.uk/en/AboutGlyn
dwrUniversity/Whoweare/OwainGlyndwr/)on 9 April 2016. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
21. Davies, John; Jenkins, Nigel; Baines, Menna, eds. (2008).The Welsh Academy encyclopaedia of Wales. Cardiff:
University of Wales Press. p. 635. ISBN 9780708319536.
22. Google Books edition of Thomas Pennant'sA Tour in Wales (1810 edition) (https://books.google.co.uk/books/about/
A_Tour_in_Wales.html?id=NLc-PAAACAAJ&hl=en)
23. The Transactions of the Honourable Societyof Cymmrodorian, Volumes 4–5 (https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=a
5EnAQAAIAAJ&ved=0CCkQ6AEwAg). 1998. p. 9.
24. "Owen Glendower, 1808" (http://www.pbenyon.plus.com/18-1900/N/03369.html). Retrieved 3 August 2018.
25. "Owain Glyndŵr Historic Reenactment"(https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B5rjHDReRhDoZTlsTUJTdGE0Zzg/view?)
.
This Week Wales. 20 August 2000.
26. "New Owain Glyndwr stamp unveiled"(http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/wales/mid/7269523.stm)
. BBC News. 29 February
2008.
27. "About us" (https://web.archive.org/web/20160408061104/http://www .glyndwr.ac.uk/en/AboutGlyndwrUniversity/Who
weare/). Glyndŵr University. 2016. Archived from the original (http://www.glyndwr.ac.uk/en/AboutGlyndwrUniversity/
Whoweare/) on 8 April 2016. Retrieved 29 March 2016.
28. "UCT Residence System"(https://web.archive.org/web/20101201000442/http://uct.ac.za/apply/residence/uctresiden
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29. [1] (http://openlibrary.org/books/ia:glendowercountry00rofh/Glendower_country_a_novel)
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hC2T3API5w), retrieved 31 May 2018

Sources
J. E. Lloyd, Owen Glendower, 1931 classic.
R. Rees Davies, The Revolt of Owain Glyn Dŵr(1995) Oxford University PressISBN 0-19-285336-8
Geoffrey Hodge, Owain Glyn Dwr: The War of Independence n i the Welsh Borders (1995) Logaston PressISBN 1-
873827-24-5
Burke's Peerage & Baronetage, 106th Edition, Charles Mosley Editor-in-Chief, 1999. pp. 714, 1295
Jon Latimer, Deception in War, (2001), John Murray, pp. 12–13.
A. G. Bradley, Owen Glyndwr and the Last Struggle for Welsh Independence. (1901) G. P. PUTNAM'S SONS

Further reading
Livingston, Michael, ed. (2013). Owain Glyndŵr: A Casebook. Liverpool University Press. ISBN 978-0-85989-884-3.
Williams, Gruffydd Aled (2017). The Last Days of Owain Glyndŵr. Y Lolfa. ISBN 978-1-7846-146-38.

External links
The Owain Glyndŵr Society
Two letters of Owain Glyndŵr, from Adam of Usk
BBC Wales History – Profile of Owain Glyndŵr
"Glyndŵr flag flies at city castle" –BBC News 12 September 2005
"Glyndŵr's burial mystery 'solved'" –BBC News
Owain at 100 Welsh Heroes
Medieval Soldier:Soldier of the Month December 2007
Cefn Caer
Owen Glyndwr and the Last Struggle for Welsh Independence
The Privy Seal of Owain Glyndwr

Preceded by Titular Prince of Wales Succeeded by

Owain Lawgoch 1400 – c.1416 Vacant

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Owain_Glyndŵr&oldid=893032358

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