Name/ Development Inventor/Plant Locations Main features

Title stage
GPP® Commercial GtS (Gastreatment Services) - Use two vessels (1) for bulk
plant Netherlands (2007) liquid CO2 removal and (2) for
Plants locations: CO2 desublimation
(1) Loudden, Sweden (2009)
(purification). Additional
(2) Sundsvall, Sweden (2010)
vessel is used for CO2 recovery
(3) Stockholm, Sweden (2011) Commented [GASP1]: This is the same to the one in
(4) Korea (Information N/A) as high pressure liquid Loudden (Stockholm, Sweden). The plant in Loudden was
built in 2009, but then the first LBG was produced in 2011.
(5) Haarlem, Netherlands (2012)

GtS have built commercial cryogenic upgrading plants in Loudden and Sundsvall in Sweden [1].
According to SGC Rapport (2013) [1], GtS did not give any statements on the state of the existing
plants, hence the following information was collected by the authors from different persons
involved in the operation of the plants. The Loudden plant at Tivoliverket, Stockholm, was owned
by Scandinavian Biogas Fuels AB and has been built since 2009 with a planned capacity of 400
Nm³/h of raw biogas. Since then, the plant has had several severe operational problems ranging
from programming issues to leakages and design flaws for heat exchangers and cooling machines.
Also, the gas entering the liquefaction step contained too high concentrations of carbon dioxide.
In late 2011, the first LBG was produced, however, the production never exceeded very limited
flows. Most of the problems have been solved, but there was no more activity from GtS at the time
the SGC Rapport was written. After having cancelled all contracts with GtS, Scandinavian Biogas
Fuels required the removal of the plant and was looking at other, conventional solutions for
upgrading and distribution.

The situation in Sundsvall plant was similar. As cited from SGC Rapport [1], according to
Mittsverige Vatten, the supplier of the raw gas, the plant is almost finished but is not able to
produce noteworthy amounts of liquid biogas on a continuous basis. The gas supply contract as
well as the building license have expired in autumn 2012.

Allegue and Hinge (2012) [2] reported that GtS have also contracted a project for LBG production
in Korea in a plant of 10 million standard cubic meters of biogas per year. GtS offer plants up to
2,500 Nm3 biogas/h. However, no further information on its status can be found in the company’s
website [3] and other literatures.

GtS have also announced the delivery of a new plant for LBG production to the Schoteroog landfill
in Haarlem in the northern part of the Netherlands [1]. This is near the headquarter of GtS, which
should give much better conditions to work with the plant optimization and handle and solve
practical problems. The plant is to treat gas from the nearby WWTP with a total raw gas flow of
280 Nm³/h equivalent to approx. 122 kg/h of LBG. Bauer et al. (2013) [1] reported that the
upgrading part of the plant is in operation since mid-2012 and is reported to work as expected. The
liquefaction step has been commissioned in autumn 2012, but without any information on its
operability at the hour of writing.

Hoyer K et al. (2016) [4], reported that the commercial ventures described in the SGC Rapport
(2013) [1] failed, and to their knowledge there is only one smaller demonstration plant, situated
close to the headquarters of the company.

[1] F. Bauer, C. Hulteberg, T. Persson, D. Tamm, 2013. Biogas upgrading - Review of commercial
technologies, Malmö, Sweden.
[2] L.B. Allegue, J. Hinge, K. Allé, 2012. Overview of biogas technologies for production of liquid
transport fuels, Danish Technological Institute.
[3] Gastreatment Services. https://www.gastreatmentservices.com/en/, (Last accessed on: May
05th, 2019).
[4] K. Hoyer, C. Hulteberg, M. Svensson, J. Jernberg, Ö. Nörregård, 2016. Biogas Upgrading-
Technical Review.