Tenses

Present Simple

Affirmative sentence
S + 𝑉𝑏1
- La persoana a III - a singular, verbele primesc terminatie ,,-s” sau ,,-es”. Vor primi terminatie
,,-es” cele care se termina in ,,-ss” ; ,,-ch” ; ,,-sh” ; ,,-o” ; ,,-zz”; ,, -x”.
Ex. Father fixes his car.
- Verbele terminate in consoana ,,-y”, vor transforma ,,-y” in ,,-i” si vor primi terminatia ,,-es”,
la persoana a III – a singular.
Ex. She cries all the time.

Negative sentence
S + don’t / doesn’t + 𝑉𝑏1
Ex. She doesn’t like music.

Interrogative sentence
Do/does + S + 𝑉𝑏1
Ex. Do they play football?

Rules:
- Exprima adevaruri generale.
Ex. The Earth is round.
- Exprima actiuni obisnuite in prezent. Se foloseste cu adverbe ca : ,, every day” ; ,,always”;
,,sometimes” ; ,,generally” ; ,,ever” ; ,,never” etc.
Ex. I sometimes visit my grandparents in the countryside.
- Poate exprima actiuni in timpul vorbiri:
a) cu verbe ce nu accepta in mod normal un timp continu: ,, love/ like/ understand/ belive / know
etc.
Ex. I understand you very well.
b) in indicatii scenice.
Ex. Tom looks up and sais: ,,Please give me the book.”
c) in comentariu sportiv.
Ex. The player takes the ball now.
- Se foloseste in instructiuni.

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Ex. To start the coffee machine you have to push the red button.
- Poate exprima actiuni trecute:
a) in titluri de ziare.
Ex. “Terorist kidnaps child”.
b)in povestire.
Ex. The killer opens the door and starts shooting.
- Poate exprima actiuni viitoare:
a) in orare oficiale; itinerariu sau programe personale bine stabilite.
Ex. My plane takes off tomorrow at 10.
b) in conditionala de tip I.
Ex. If he calls I will tell him about you.
c) in subordonate de timp.
Ex. I will give you the book when I finish it.

Present Continuous

Affirmative sentence
S + am / are / is + Vb-ing
Ex. I am watching TV.

Negative sentence
S + am / are / is not +Vb-ing
Ex. I am not talking to you.

Interrogative sentence
Am / are / is + S + Vb-ing
Ex. Are they listening to music?

Rules:
- Exprima actiuni ce se petrec in momentul vorbirii. Se foloseste cu adverbe ca: ,,now” si ,, at
the moment”.
Ex. The children are playing at the moment.
- Exprima actiuni temporare in prezent.
Ex. I’m visiting grandma this week.

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- Exprima actiuni simultane in present.
Ex. Tom is reading the papper while I am watching the news.
- Planuri personale pentru viitorul apropiat.
Ex. I’m taking a vacation next month.
- Actiuni repetate ce devin enervante din punctul de vedere al vorbitorului. Se foloseste cu
adverbele: ,, always” ; ,,constantlly” ; ,,forever”, “continually”.
Ex. He is always eating my lunch.

Verbs not normally used in a continuous tense

1.Verbe de simt: ,, taste” ; ,,smell” ; ,,hear” ; ,,feel” ; ,,sound” ; ,,look”, “see”, “appear”
Taste
I’m tasting the soup. ( a gusta)
The soup tastes salty. ( a avea gust)
Smell
I’m smelling the roses. ( a mirosi)
It smells nice. ( a avea miros)
Hear
I hear the noise. ( a auzi)
I’m hearing the news at the radio. ( a asculta)
I’m hearing from Tom tomorrow. ( a primi vesti)
Feel
She feels sad. ( a se simti)
I’m feeling the material. ( a pipai)
It feels soft. (a se simti la pipait)
I’m feeling better today. ( a se simti , actiune temporara)
Sound – Nu primeste niciodata –ing.
Look
She looks very young. ( a arata; a parea)
I’m looking at the picture. ( a privi)
See
I am seeing Tom tonight. ( a avea intalnire)
I see the plane in the sky. ( a vedea)
I am seeing dead people. ( a avea vedenii)
Appear
He appears to be a good boy. ( a parea)
Tom is appearing in the room. ( a aparea)

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2.Verbe de cunoastere: ,,know” ; ,,understand” ; ,,believe” ; ,,consider” ; ,,think” ; ,,expect” etc.
Know – Nu primeste niciodata –ing.
Understand – Nu primeste niciodata –ing.
Believe – Nu primeste niciodata –ing.
Consider
I consider this to be a good offer. (a crede ; a considera)
I’m considering your offer. ( a se gandi la)
Think
I think I will come. ( a crede)
I’m thinking about you. (a se gandi)
Expect
I expect you to tell me the truth. ( a se astepta)
I’m expecting some friends over. ( a astepta)

3.Verbe de atitudine: ,,want” ; ,,wish” ; ,,prefer” ; ,,like” ; ,,love” ; ,,hate” ; ,,mind”.

Want – Nu primeste niciodata –ing.
Wish – Nu primeste niciodata –ing.
Prefer – Nu primeste niciodata –ing.
Like – Nu primeste niciodata –ing.
Love – Nu primeste niciodata –ing.
Hate – Nu primeste niciodata –ing.
Mind
I don’t mind his visit. ( nu ma deranjeaza)
My mum is minding my cat this week. ( a avea grija de)

4.Verbe ce arata existent si posesia: ,,be” ; ,,have” ; ,,belong to” ; ,,consist of / in” ;
,,own” ; ,,hold” ; ,,resemble”.
Be
I’m a boy. ( arata existenta)
Peter is being very rude today. ( actiune temporara)
Have
They have a new car, ( a arata posesia)
I’m having lunch. ( a lua pranzul)
Belong to – Nu primeste niciodata –ing.
Consist of /in – Nu primeste niciodata –ing.
Own – Nu primeste niciodata –ing.
Hold
I’m holding a gun. ( a tine in mana)
This bag holds 1 kilo. ( contine ; cuprinde)

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Resemble
You resemble your mother. ( a semana)
You are resembling your mother. ( stare de tranzitie)

5.Alte verbe: ,,notice” ; ,,forget” ; ,,remember” ; ,,realize” ; ,,recognize”.

Notice – Nu primeste niciodata –ing.
Forget – Nu primeste niciodata –ing.
Remember – Nu primeste niciodata –ing.
Realize – Nu primeste niciodata –ing.
Recognize – Nu primeste niciodata –ing.

Past Simple
Affirmative sentence
S + 𝑉𝑏2 / Vb –ed
Ex. She called my yesterday.

Negative sentence
S + didn’t + Vinf
Ex. She didn’t like the movie.

Interrogative sentence
Did + S + Vinf
Ex. Did she come yesterday?

Rules:
- Exprima o actiune se se petrece in trecut si incheiata tot in trecut.Se petrece la un moment
specificat. Se foloseste cu adverbe ca : ,,yesterday” ; ,,last month” ; ,,one year ago” ; ,,in
December” etc.
Ex. My sister got married 3 years ago.
- Exprima actiuni trecute al caror moment nu este specificat, dar este subinteles ca fiind trecut.
Ex. Shakespear was a great writer.
- Exprima actiuni temporare in trecut , incheiate tot in trecut , al caror inceput si final este
specificat.
Ex. Jane worked here from May to September.

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- Exprima actiuni obisnuite in trecut cu ,,would” si ,,used to”.
Would – exprima o actiune sau situatie din trecut ce se mai poate intampla si azi.
Ex. Grandma would tell us great stories.
Used to – exprima o actiune sau situatie din trecut care nu mai poate sa se intampla in prezent.
Ex. When I was 2 I used to eat my mum’s lipstick.
Past Continuous
Affirmative sentence
S + was / were + Vb-ing
Ex. They were listening to music.

Negative sentence
S + wasn’t / weren’t + Vb-ing
Ex. She wasn’t playing football.

Interrogative sentence
Was / were + S + Vb-ing
Ex. Were they talkig about the film?

Rules:
- Exprima o actiune aflata in desfasurare la un anumit moment in trecut.
Ex. Last night I was watching the news.
- Exprima actiuni simultane in trecut.
Ex. The boys were watching football while the girls were listening to music.
- Exprima o actiune aflata in desfasurare in trecut pe fondul carei alta are loc.
Ex. I was having a shower when somebody rang.
- Exprima planuri personale de viitor vazute din trecut.
Ex. She couldn’t come with me because she was leaving for Aqua Magic.
- Exprima actiuni repetate ce devin enervante din puct de vedere al vorbitorului.
Ex. He was always eating my lunch.

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Present Perfect Simple
Affirmative sentence
S + have / has + 𝑉𝑏3
Ex. She has visited us.

Negative sentence
S + haven’t / hasn’t + Vb3
Ex. I haven’t met him.

Interrogative sentence
Have / has + S + 𝑉𝑏3
Ex. Has she shown?

Rules:
- Exprima o actiune inceputa in trecuta care este continuata in prezent.
Ex. I have been here for 3 hours.
- Se foloseste cu adverbe ca: ,,since” ; ,,for” ; ,,ever / never” ; ,,always” ; ,,already”
,,yet” ; ,,so far” ; ,,up to now” ; ,,lately” etc.
Ex. I have read many books so far.
- Este folosit cu adverbe de timp ce exprima o perioada de timp neterminata:
,,all day” ( toate cuvintele cu ,,all” ) ; ,,this year” (toate cuvintele cu ,,this” ) ; ,,today”.
Ex. I have called John this morning. ( Dimineata nu este terminate)
I called John this morning. (Dimineata este terminata)
- Exprima actiuni care tocmai s-au incheiat.
Ex. I have just ordered coffee.
- Exprima un viitor anterior in conditional de tip I si temporal.
Ex. Jane will give you a call when she has finished her work. (Temporala)
They won’t go out if they haven’t finished their homework. ( Cond. I )
- Expresiile ,,This is the first time …………..”
,,This will be the first time ………” + Present Perfect Simple

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Present Perfect Continuous
Affirmative sentence
S + have / has been + Vb-ing
Ex. I have been reading all morning.

Negative sentence
S + haven’t / hasn’t been + Vb-ing
Ex. She hasn’t been listening what I was saying.

Interrogative sentence
Have / has + S + been + Vb-ing
Ex. Have they been playing football?

Rules:
- Accentueaza idea de continuitate a unei actiuni trecute in prezent.
Ex. I have been watching TV since 3 o’ clock.
Observatie!
- Folosim Present Perfect Continuous cand actiunea este apparent continua, dar vom folosi
Present Perfect Simple atunci cand specificam numarul actiunilor facute sau de cate ori a fost
facuta o actiune.
Ex. I have been visited Egypt.
I visited Egypt 3 times.

Past Perfect Simple

Affirmative sentence
S + had + 𝑉𝑏3
Ex. She said had been there.

Negative sentence
S + hadn’t+ Vb3
Ex. I hadn’t had 2 dogs.

Interrogative sentence
Had + S + 𝑉𝑏3
Ex. Had she given you the book?

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Rules:
- Exprima o actiune trecuta ce s-a petrecut inainte de o alta actiune trecuta sau inaintea unui
anumit moment din trecut.
Ex. By the time I got home my brother had already left.
- Se foloseste cu adverbe ca: ,,hardly / barely / scarcely……when.” ;
,,no sooner…… than.” ; ,,since” ; ,,since before” ; ,,for” ; ,,already” ; ,,ever /never”
,,always”.
Ex. I had no sooner finished my conversation than he gave me the flowers.

Past Perfect Continuous

Affirmative sentence
S + had been + Vb-ing
Ex. I had been eating all morning.

Negative sentence
S + hadn’t been + Vb-ing
Ex. She hadn’t been listening what I was saying.

Interrogative sentence
Had + S + been + Vb-ing
Ex. Had they been playing football all morning?

Rules:
- Accentueaza idea de continuitate a unei actiuni trecute pana la un anumit moment din trecut.
Ex. My mum had been trying to start the car long time before the mechanic arrived.

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Future simple

Affirmative sentence
S + will + Vinf
Ex. She will call you next week.

Negative sentence
S + won’t + Vinf
Ex. She won’t like the music.

Interrogative sentence
will+ S + Vinf
Ex. Will she come tomorrow ?

Rules:
- Exprima o opinie , o presupunere sau o predictie legata de viitor. Se foloseste cu adverbe ca :
,,next week” ; ,,soon” ; ,,tomorrow” ; ,,in two weeks” etc.
Ex. Soon I will receive my gift.
- Exprima o actiune obisnuita in viitor .
Ex. People will always visit Bucharest.
- Exprima o decizie luata pe moment.
Ex. I like both dresses so I will buy them.
- Modalitati de folosire a lui ,,will” :
a) Cereri.
Ex. Will you give him the book for me?
b) Intrebari disjunctive cu imperativul (Tag questions).
Ex. Shut the door, will you?
c) Invitatii
Ex. Will you come to my party?
d) Ordine.
Ex. You will do as I say.

- Modalitati de folosire a lui ,,shall” :

a) Oferte.
Ex. Shall I carry the bag for you.

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b) Tag questions pentru propuneri cu let’s
Ex. Let’s go out, shall we?
c) Determinare , hotarare.
Ex. We shall successes in winning the contest.
d) Apare in regulamente.
Ex. Students shall wear the uniforms.

Future Continuous
Affirmative sentence
S + will be + Vb-ing
Ex. I will be playing football.

Negative sentence
S + won’t be + Vb-ing
Ex. She won’t be listening to music.

Interrogative sentence
Will + S + be+ Vb-ing
Ex. Will she be making cookies?

Rules:
- Exprima o actiune aflata in desfasurare la un anumit moment din viitor.
Ex. This time tomorrow , I will be swimming in the sea.
- Exprima o actiune temporara in viitor.
Ex. We will be visiting the museum for 2 hours tomorrow.
- Exprima actiuni ce sunt intelese ca fiind o consecinta sau ca acand parte din cursul normal al
lucrurilor.
Ex. You will be crying if you will cut the onion.
- Mod politicos de a intreba despre planurile personale ale cuiva.
Ex. Will you be spending the week at the mountains?

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Be going to future

Affirmative sentence
S + am / are / is + going to + Vinf
Ex. I am going to watch TV.

Negative sentence
S + am / are / is not + going to + Vinf
Ex. I am not going to tell you the truth.

Interrogative sentence
Am / are / is + S + going to + Vinf
Ex. Are they going to listen to music?

Rules:
- Exprima intentii.
Ex. I’m going to buy the red car we saw yesterday.
- Exprima predictii legate de viitor atunci cand stim ca ceva urmeaza sa se intample sau vedem
ca urmeaza sa se intample ceva.
Ex. The sky is cloudy. It is going to rain.
I’m going to graduate in June.

Future Perfect Simple

Affirmative sentence
S + will have + 𝑉𝑏3
Ex. By the nesxt week I will have been here for a month.

Negative sentence
S + won’t have + Vb3

Interrogative sentence
Will + S + have + 𝑉𝑏3

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Rules:
- Exprima actiuni ce vor fi completate la un anumit timp in viitor. Se foloseste cu expresiile :
,,by tomorrow” ; ,,by noon” ; ,, by next year” etc.
Ex. By tomorrow I will have finished the lesson.

By the time + S + Present simple + S + Future Perfect Simple

Ex. By the time we get to the theatre , the play will have started.

Future Perfect Continuous

Affirmative sentence
S + will have been + Vb-ing
Ex. They will have been living here for 5 years by next month.

Negative sentence
S + won’t have been + Vb-ing

Interrogative sentence
Will + S + have been + Vb-ing

Rules:
- Exprima actiuni aflate in progress de ceva vreme la un anumit moment din viitor.
Ex. By August we will have been dating for a year.

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