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Lubrication Oil & Grease

By – Fayek Shakran
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Course Content

Principles of Lubrication
Oil & Grease Lubrication
Oil Analysis
Lubricant storage and handling
Task-Lubricant selection

Right lubricant
to the right place,
on the right machine,
in the right amount,
at the right time.
Principles of
Lubrication
Our Industrial Requirement

– Improving productivity & Minimizing waste .


– Reducing costs of Operation .

How ?
Ex-Bearing Failure analysis
Friction
Force that opposes motion between two surfaces in contact.
When one body slides across another a resistive force must be overcome.
Friction
Friction is Caused by Micro welds

Types of friction:
a. Static (usually the greatest)
b. Sliding
c. Rolling (usually the least)
Friction
• Causes of Solid Friction

1 Surface roughness 2 Flatter areas

Factors Influencing Friction

It is independent of both:
- Speed
- Area of contact
Friction
Lubrication
Lubrication
1
• prevention of metal-to-metal contact by means of
an intervening layer of fluid

2
The principle of supporting a sliding load on a
friction-reducing film is known as lubrication

These lubricants are used to a large extent in the


lubrication of aircraft internal combustion engines
& moving parts.
World Organizations
World Organizations
Lubrication
Type of lubricants
Solid- Semisolid – Fluid
Classification of Lubricants
• Animal These are highly stable at normal
temperatures
• Vegetable
Animal lubricants may not be used for
• Mineral internal combustion because they
• Synthetic produce fatty acids
Examples of vegetable lubricants are:
Castor oil
Olive oil
Cottonseed oil

Animal and vegetable oils have a lower


coefficient of friction than most mineral
oils but they rapidly wear away steel
Lubricating oils
Lubricants

All liquids will provide lubrication of a sort, but some


do it a great deal bettor than others.

Oil Requirement :
– Provide high quality products, supported by successful field experience.
– Work to lower maintenance.
- Work to Lower cost of operation through value added services.
– Provide products to help Machine for long operation.
Lubricating oils
The advantages of a lubricating oil .
• are improved heat dissipation from the friction point
• its excellent penetrating and wetting properties.

main disadvantage
Lubricating
Complex design is required to keep oils are used
the oil at the friction point and in
prevent the danger of leakage.

gears

chains

sliding bearings

hydraulic systems
Oil Lubrication
Purpose of Oils
• Oil reduces friction between moving parts
– Lubrication – slippery surface between moving parts
– Seal – between piston rings and cylinder surface
– Cool – especially bearings (dissipate heat)
– Clean – contaminates held in suspension (wear particles)

Change oil before winter lay-up so


contaminates are removed and do not
damage the machine during storage

Different lubricants show different behavior regarding these


requirements.
Purpose of Oils
Lubricating oils
• Lubricating oils consist of a base oil and additives which
determine their performance characteristics. The additives,
however, determine its actual performance by influencing the
base oil’s.

The additives to
• oxidation stability.
• anticorrosion properties.
• wear protection.
• emergency lubrication properties.
• wetting behavior.
• emulsibility.
• stick-slip behavior.
• viscosity-temperature behavior.
Main tasks, remain lubrication and protection against friction and wear.
Mineral & synthetic Oil
These lubricants  Synthetic oil
are used to a  Engine oil
large extent in  Transmission fluid.
 Refrigeration oil.
the lubrication.  Compressor oils.
 Metalworking fluids and oils.
 Laminating oils.
 Industrial hydraulic fluid.
 Copper and aluminum wire drawing
solution.
 Electrical insulating oil.
 Industrial process oils.
 Oils used as buoyants.
 This list does not include all types of
used oil.
Mineral & synthetic Oil

Oils are generally classified as refined and synthetic.


Oils are refined from crude.
Oil while synthetic oils are manufactured.

Petroleum (mineral) lubricants are produced from the


refinement of existing petroleum

-Synthetic lubricants are produced from chemical synthesis.


-These oils are generally superior to petroleum (mineral)
lubricants in most circumstances.
-Synthetic oils perform better than mineral oils.
Synthetic Lubricants
• Because of the high
operating temperatures of
gas-turbine engines, it
became necessary to
develop lubricants which
would retain their
characteristics at
temperatures that cause
petroleum lubricants to
evaporate and break down.

Synthetic lubricants do not


break down easily and do not
produce coke or other deposits
Synthetic Oil

Advantages of synthetic Oil Disadvantage to synthetic oils

• notable at either very low The major is the initial cost,


or very high temperatures. which is approximately three
• Good oxidation stability times higher than mineral-
• lower coefficient of based oils.
friction permits operation However, the initial premium is
at higher temperatures. usually recovered over the life
of the product, which is about
• The better viscosity index three times longer than
and lower pour points conventional lubricants.
permit operation at lower The higher cost makes it
temperatures inadvisable to use synthetics in
oil systems experiencing leakage
Petroleum Lubricants

Petroleum lubricants stand high in metal-wetting ability, and


they possess the body, or viscosity characteristics.

oils have many additional properties that


are essential to modern lubrication, such as:
-good water resistance.
-Inherent rust-preventive characteristics.
-Natural adhesiveness.
-Relatively good thermal stability.
-Ability to transfer frictional heat away
from lubricated parts.
Characteristics of Lubricating Oils

Gravity
Flash Point
Viscosity
Cloud Point
Pour Point
Carbon-
Residue Test
Ash Test
Precipitation-
number
Characteristics of Lubricating Oils
1 Gravity
• The gravity of petroleum oil is a numerical value which
serves as an index of the weight of a measured volume of
this product

2 Flash Point
Temperature which the oil give off enough vapor to form a
combustible mixture above the surface.

3 Viscosity
Viscosity a measure of a resistance to flow
Characteristics of Lubricating Oils
4 Cloud Point
The cloud point is the temperature at which the separation of
wax becomes visible in certain oils under prescribed testing
conditions.

5 Pour Point
The pour point of an oil is the temperature at which the oil
will just flow without disturbance when chilled.

6 Carbon-Residue Test
The purpose of the carbon-residue test is to study the carbon-
forming properties of a lubricating oil.
Characteristics of Lubricating Oils
7 Ash Test
The ash test is an extension of the carbon-residue test - The
ash content is a percentage (by weight)

8 Precipitation number
The precipitation number recommended by the ASTM
(American Society for Testing and Materials) is the number of
milliliters of precipitate formed when 10 mL of lubricating
oil is mixed with 90 mL of petroleum naphtha under specific
conditions and then centrifuged
Lubricant Additives

-Additives are most effective in overall performance of an oil .


-A poor oil cannot be converted into a quality oil by additives.
-There are limits to the amount of additives that can be added.

additive may function in any of the following three ways:

Protecting lubricated surfaces. Additives coat the


lubricated surfaces and prevent wear or rust

Improving performance. Viscosity index improvers


and antifoaming agents are examples.

Protecting the lubricant itself. Antioxidants reduce


the tendency of oil to oxidize and form sludge.
Oil Viscosity
Viscosity
viscosity a measure of a resistance to flow

With lubricating oils, viscosity is


one of the most fundamental
properties, and much of the
story of lubrication is built
around it.

Thick fluids, like molasses, have relatively


high viscosities; they do not flow readily.

Thinner fluids, such as water, flow very


easily and have lower viscosities.

Lubricating oils are available in a wide


variety of viscosities
Viscosity
Multi grade oil
Viscosity
Viscosity
Typical Lubrication Systems
Circulatory oil lubrication Oil injection lubrication Oil bath lubrication

Cooling

pump
Oil Lubrication Methods
Splash Feed Lubrication Gravity Lubrication
Oil Lubrication Methods
Oil Bath Lubrication Vibrating pin Lubrication
Oil Lubrication Methods
Pressure Feed Lubrication
Oil Lubrication Methods
Wick Lubrication Ring Feed Lubrication
Oil Lubrication Methods
Stribeck Curve
Boundary Lubrication

When a complete
fluid film does not
develop between
potentially rubbing
surfaces

Mixed Film

Hydrodynamic
Lubrication
Hydrodynamic Lubrication

hydrodynamic
film occurs
when there is
sufficient
lubricant
between the
lubricated
surfaces at the
point of
loading to form
a fluid wedge
that separates
the sliding
surfaces.
Elastohydrodynamic

Under even
heavier loads
and moderate
to high sliding
speeds, surfaces
deform
elastically and
thin oil films
are "trapped"
between them
Hydrodynamic Lubrication
New device
Oil-Filter
Oil-Filter
Hydrodynamic Lubrication
New device
Components of Lubrication Systems
• Plumbing for Lubrication Systems
• Temperature Regulator (Oil Cooler)
• Oil Viscosity Valve
• Oil Pressure Relief Valves
• Oil Separator
• Oil Pressure Gauge
• Oil Temperature Gauge
• Oil Pressure Pumps
• Scavenge Pumps
• Oil Dilution System
Lubricating Greases
Lubricating Greases
• Lubricating greases consist of a lubricating oil, a thickening
agents and one or more additives.
Lubricating Greases
Lubricating Greases
The function of grease is to remain in contact with and lubricate moving
surfaces without leaking out under gravity or centrifugal action, or be
squeezed out under pressure.

Today’s new-generation greases are expected to do much more


than lubricate. They must meet a wide range of demanding
performance requirements.

• Long, trouble-free service life, even at


high temperatures
• Rust and corrosion prevention
• Dependable, low-temperature start-up
• Resistance sling and water wash.
Lubricating Greases
• Lubricating greases consist of a lubricating
oil, a thickener and one or more additives.
• The thickener is responsible for the
characteristics of the grease

Complex greases generally have a higher drop point.


More resistant to oxidation.
Synthetic thickeners are most resistant to temperature.
Extensive testing is done to verify properties.

The advantage of a lubricating grease over an oil is that it


Remains at the friction point for a longer time.
less effort is required in terms of design.
Its disadvantage is that grease neither dissipates heat nor
removes wear particles from the friction point.
Lubricating Greases
WATER WASHOUT RESISTANCE

Grease Packed Bearings

Water, 80oC (175oF)

% Weight Loss of Grease Measured


• Typical Grease (Lithium) - 5%
• Water Resistant Grease <2%
• Exceptional < 0.5%
ASTM D1264 (DIN 51807)
Lubricating Greases - Uses
(1) Machinery that runs intermittently or is in storage for an
extended period of time.

(2) Machinery that is not easily accessible for frequent


lubrication.

(3) Machinery operating under extreme conditions such as high


temperatures and pressures, shock loads, or slow speed under
heavy load.

(4) Worn components. Grease maintains thicker films in


clearances enlarged by wear and can extend the life of worn
parts that were previously oil lubricated.
Grease Characteristics
viscosity
Dropping point
penetration
Contaminants.
Evaporation
Oxidation stability.
Pump ability.
Bleeding, migrationis
Corrosion- and rust-resistance
High & Low temperature effects.
Grease Compatibility
Lubricating Greases - Added
How Much Grease Should be Added?

This is another area in which


different manufacturers
give differing
recommendations.
However, to provide
guidance on the amount of
grease to be added for
different size motors, a
grease weight versus shaft
diameter curve was
determined to provide the
most useful information.
Grease Lubrication Method

Refilling Lubri-
Cup® with 615
Ultra-Lube
Proper lubrication of bearings is a difficult problem to
tackle. Unless the lubrication technician is able to hear
the sound of the bearing during actual lubrication, it's
a guessing game. Now the guesswork is over.
The Ultra-Lube allows you to hear the voice of the bearing
as it is being lubricated. It easily attaches to a grease
gun, turning it into a sensitive listening device.
The Ultra-Lube provides the user with feedback about the
current lubrication status of components about to be
lubricated.
The Ultra-Lube is attached to and becomes an integral part
of the grease-gun.
Upon connecting the gun to the grease nipple the operator
is able to listen to the electronically amplified noise
through the headset and is able to discern problems
associated with lack of lubricant or too much
lubricant.
No additional procedure is necessary other than to
continue to grease components in the normal manner.
Brass Grease Nipples
Straight

90 Deg

45 Deg
Lubricant storage and handling study
Lubricant Handling/Storage
All lubricants are the end product of
much careful research, refining, and
testing.
During storage after delivery, however,
several things can happen to impair
quality.
-Careless handling.
-Contamination.
-Exposure to abnormal temperatures.
-Confusion of stocks.
all these factors can result in wastage,
damage to machinery, deterioration of
lubricants, higher maintenance costs,
and loss of production.
Outdoor Storage
Outdoor storage should be avoided if possible

Keep bungs tight

Use drum covers

Lay drums on their sides

Before removing the


bungs, dry the
drum heads and
wipe them clean of
any contaminant
Indoor Storage
-Storage temperatures should remain moderate at all times.
-Oil house should be located away from industrial contamination.
-Should be kept clean at all times.
-Regular cleaning schedules being maintained.
Oil & Grease Handling
preventive measures for personnel who regularly handle petroleum products
-Avoid all unnecessary contacts, use protective equipment to prevent contact.
-Remove promptly any petroleum product that gets on the skin.
-Do not use gasoline, naphtha, turpentine, or similar solvents to remove oil
and grease from the skin.
-Use waterless hand cleaner or mild soap with warm water and a soft brush.
-Use only clean towels, not dirty rags.
-Remove all contaminated clothing immediately.
-Launder or dry-clean it thoroughly before reuse.
-Use protective hand cream, and reapply it each time hands are washed.
-After work hours, use simple cream to replace fats and oils removed from the
skin by washing.
-Wash hands and arms at the end of the work day and before eating.
-Get first aid for every cut and scratch.
-Avoid breathing oil mist or solvent vapors.
-Keep work area clean.
-Clean up spilled petroleum products immediately. Keep them out of sewers,
streams, and waterways.
-Contact the medical staff on all potential health-hazard problems.
Machinery Storage Protection
Storage Protection
Equipment amount of time required to store.
-corrosion inhibiting of inactive process.
-type of equipment.
-expected length of inactivity.
-Service time.

Petrochemical
companies will Company policy
usually develop must ensure that all its products in their
their standards prescribed use and subsequent disposal
to take these shall not create a significant hazard to the
criteria. public health or environment.
Audit Checklist
Audit Checklist
selecting the suitable Lubricant

90% by greases

9,5% by oils 0,5% by solid lubricants only


selecting the suitable Lubricant

revolution or DN - factor

D+d
DN = ———
2
•n

D = external bearing diameter [mm]


d = internal bearing diameter [mm]
n = revolution per minute [rpm] D+d
dm= medium bearing diameter [mm] = ———
2
selecting the suitable Lubricant
selecting the suitable Lubricant
selecting the suitable Lubricant
Dependance of Relubrication Intervals on Tempearture

°C Lubrication interval
l above 70°C the factor 0,5 applies
100 for each temperature rise of 15°C

i.e. with a temperature rise from e.g.


85
70°C up to 85°C the service life of
the grease is cut by half.

70

55
l below 70°C the factor 2 applies
for each temperature drop of 15°C
40
i.e. with a temperature drop from
e.g.
70°C down to 55 °C the service life
Temperature at the outer ring of the grease is doubled.
Lubrication with Solid Lubricants
Deep groove ball bearings with increased clearance
required at:

l high temperatures > + 200 °C

l high temperature variations

l low speed
Desiccant Breather Function

Second foam filter stops


Second particulate filter oil mist during
element protects exhalation, evenly
against migration of distributes air.
desiccant.

Hydrophilic agent
adsorbs water, Durable, shock
indicates condition by absorbing housing.
color change.

Particulate filter element.

Air diffuser/oil mist


foam filter. In/out air vents.

Press-in mounting, varying


adapter options.
Design varies by manufacturer.

Keeps head space clean & dry


Oil Analysis & Contamination
Oil Analysis - why?
Contamination
• It’s the most frequent problem that affects sample integrity.
– Wear metals
– Water
– Unusual color
– Particular matter
objective of Contamination Management

The primary objective of Contamination Management is


optimal system cleanliness.
Optimal system cleanliness will give you:

1. Increased fluid usage life


2. Reduced component wear
3. Less machine down-time
4. Optimal machine performance

All this will result in significant


cost savings for your plant.
Oil Analysis

Purpose
• To give an understanding of the oil analysis program and
what is required to ensure that oil sampling from applicable
equipment is successfully accomplished.

Objectives
-Condition Monitoring Program
-Improve equipment
reliability/readiness
-Lower maintenance costs
-Reduce resource usage
-Maintenance diagnostic tool-
predictive maintenance
Methods of Analysis

• Spectrometric
• Viscomentry
• Crackle Test
• Ferrography
• Infrared
Spectrosopy
Methods of Analysis
Contamination
Wear metals Water color Particular matter

Elements Tested For


• Aluminum • Molybdenum
• Antimony • Nickel
• Barium • Phosphorus
• Boron • Potassium
• Calcium • Silicon
• Chromium • Silver
• Copper • Sodium
• Iron • Tin
• Lead • Titanium
• Magnesium • Zinc
Water Contamination Problem
% REDUCTION IN FATIGUE LIFE
90

80
83
78
70

60

50
48
40

30

20

10

0.002 3.0 6.0


% WATER IN OIL

• Mobil Oil evaluation on bearing fatigue life


– 0.002% water reduces fatigue life 48%
– 6.0% water reduces fatigue life 83%
– 0.002% water is 1 drop of water in a quart of oil
Sampling Methods

• Valve
• Pump
• Drain
Acceptable Contamination Levels
Particle Range of Sensitivity: Main protection
sizes counts ISO Type of system: Low pressure systems
with large clearances
> 5 µm 1,000,000 21 /17
Typical components Ram pumps
> 15 µm 64,000
Sensitivity: Average
Type of system: Low pressure heavy industrial
systems
> 5 µm 250,000 19/15 Typical components Gear pumps, manual and poppet
valves cylinders
> 15 µm 16,000
Sensitivity: Important
Type of system: General machinery & mobile
systems. Medium pressure,
> 5 µm 130,000 18/14 medium capacity
> 15 µm 8,000 Typical components Vane pumps, spool valves

Sensitivity: Critical
Type of system: High performance and high
pressure long life systems,
> 5 µm 16,000 15/11 i.e., aircraft, machine tool
> 15 µm 1,000 Typical components Industrial servo valves

Sensitivity: Super critical


Type of system: Silt sensitive control system
with very high reliability.
> 5 µm 4,000 13/9 Laboratory or aerospace
Typical components High perf. servo valves
> 15 µm 250
Air Contaminant
Air can exist in oil in
three different states:
dissolved.
entrained .
foam.

Causes of Excessive Air


Contamination
-When a lubricating oil
becomes contaminated
with water
-loss of antifoam additives
-suction leaks
-poor reservoir design
-using the wrong viscosity
Effects of Air Contamination

Air contamination can have negative effects on the machine and


the lubricant.

Air can damage a lubricating oil by increasing the rate of


oxidation

reducing its heat transfer coefficient and reducing its film strength

Machine wear can be generated by air contamination by several


mechanisms

film thickness become compressible.


In hydraulics, entrained air can create other problems as well,
such as spongy operations, loss of controls and an increased
likelihood of surface deposits in valves.
Contamination Control
Keep it Clean-Cool-Dry Desiccant Breathers Oil Safe System Color Coding

Storage solutions Personnel training Monitor/improve

ISO
22/19 Component Life
C
o
n
21/17
---- 2,500
t
a
20/15 -----
157.7 lb/yr
m 19/16
i 10,000
n
a
18/15
------------
78.9 lb/yr
25,000
t 17/14
i
19.7 lb/yr
o 16/13
n Clean New Oil
15/12

14/11

13/10

12/09

Component Life Over Time


Source – Caterpillar Contamination Control Basic Training Program
Total Impact of Lubrication on Costs
Task-Lubricant selection for plain bearing
Plain bearings
Plain bearings and bushings come in a
wide variety of shapes, sizes, types
of surface contact modes, material
compositions and operating profiles,
including:
• Single-sided
• Double-sided
• Vertical shaft
• Horizontal shaft
• Solid housing
• Split housing
• Thin wall
• Thick wall ..etc

Plain or journal bearings are used


for high radial loads and low- to
high speeds. Typical applications
include turbines, large milling
systems, engine cranks, compressors,
gearboxes, shaft bearing supports, ...
Task-Lubricant selection for plain bearing
performs longer life by no metal contact with shaft to bearing

Fluid dynamic pressure


Groove
support shaft floating
<= 5μm

Oil flow

Shaft
Rotation
Task-Lubricant selection for plain bearing
Under normal operating
conditions, the lubrication
regime is a hydrodynamic
full-fluid film. A
hydrodynamic film occurs
when there is sufficient
lubricant between the
lubricated surfaces at the
point of loading to form a
fluid wedge that separates
the sliding surfaces. In this
state, the lubricated Z*N/P
components do not touch
each another, reducing
friction and wear.
Stribeck Curve.
This is represented by Z*N/P
where
Z = viscosity,
N = speed (rpm)
P = load.
Task-Lubricant selection for plain bearing
If the load or the speed changes, the lubricant viscosity must be
adjusted to compensate for the change.
the following approximation equation gives an estimate of what
the final outcome should be.

The first step is to estimate the machine’s surface speed

Second step -estimate the machine’s unit surface pressure.

1 u = ∏* d * n 2 ρ = w/I*d
Where
where ρ = pressure, kN/m2
u = surface speed
d = bore diameter, meters l = bearing width
n = shaft speed, revolutions per second d = shaft diameter
∏ = 3.1415 w = load, kN
Task-Lubricant selection for plain bearing
Once known these values
can be plotted on a table for
a rough estimate of
minimum allowable viscosity
Other considerations
The final lubricant type decision
should include considerations
for oxidation stability, corrosion
protection, wear protection,
water and air separation
properties, etc.

Note:
This is intended only to be a rough
approximation for the sake of
illustrating the principles behind
lubricant selection.
Please consult with a lubrication
engineering professional prior to
attempting to make any change
in the lubricant selection for any
actual operating machines
Task 2 – Causes of bearing failure

• Improper Lubrication - 43%


– How Much, How Often, What Type, What Thickness,
– What Properties are Important
• Improper Mounting - 27%
– Alignment, Work Area, General Practices, Inventory Control
and Storage of Bearings
• Other Lubrication Causes - 21%
– Separation in Storage
– Temperature Limit Exceeded
– Moisture Contamination
– Other Contamination
• Fatigue - 9% Ultimate L10 Life Expectancy

64% of Bearing Failures are Lubrication Related IS Not The Whole Story
In the Industry We Serve, Most Bearings Fail Due To Some Form of
CORROSION
Task 3 - Gears Lubrication
• Proper Lubrication with timely addition / replacement
plays vital role in maintaining the gear boxes with
efficiency and increasing its working life.
• Oil level should be checked in all the gear boxes oil
indicators / dip sticks.
• Oil level should be in between the minimum and
maximum limits of the dip stick (or indicator).
• Testing of the lubricating oils used to be carried out
periodically. The following tests are to be done…
1. Dirt contamination
2. Moisture
3. Volatile materials (Benzene, kerosene, spirit etc,)
4. Viscosity
5. Acidity
6. Alkalinity due to soda (Na2 Co3) etc.,
Synthetic Gear Oils for Worm Gear Lubrication

• Worm gears are used to transmit power Steel worm


& motion between shafts at right angles
• Worm gears normally consist of a small
diameter steel gear worm and a larger
diameter bronze wheel Bronze wheel
• Because of the high degree of sliding (5-
20%), the efficiency of worm gears is
lower than for spur or helical units – ~
75 - 85%
• To MINIMIZE WEAR & MAXIMIZE
EFFICIENCY, synthetic Poly Alkylene
Glycol (PAG)- based lubricants are used
in these applications
Benefits in Using Synthetic Gear Oils

Mineral-based gear oils typically have a finite performance life


determined by temperatures (low and high), loads, ambient
conditions
• Synthetic gear oils typically provide the following benefits
over mineral oils:
– Improved oxidative & thermal stability
– Improved viscosity-temperature behavior
– Extension of oil change intervals
– Reduced energy consumption
– Improved gear efficiency
– Reduced oil temperatures
– Savings on maintenance and waste disposal costs
– Reduced vibration
Troubleshooting

Symptom: Oil pressure decrease, oil temp. steady


Cause: …………………………………………

Symptom: Slight drop in oil pressure, steady or slight rise in oil


temp.
Cause: ……………………………………………………

Faulty air-induction systems


Leaking cooling systems
Loose cross-over fuel lines
Abnormal wear rates of moving metal parts
Oil Recycling
 Reprocessing is the most common method of recycling used
oil in the U.S. Each year processors treat approximately 750
million gallons of used oil.
 Seventy-five percent of used oil is being reprocessed and
marketed to:
• 43% asphalt plants;
• 14% industrial boilers (factories);
• 12% utility boilers (electric power plants, homes, etc.);
• 12% steel mills;
• 5% cement/lime kilns;
• 5 % marine boilers (tankers or bunker fuel);
• 4% pulp and paper mills;
• 6% other.
Saves Money
By Using
• Oil/lubricant products (Good One)
• Oil/lubricant filters
• Repairs by early detection
LUBRICATION

Right lubricant is applied


to the right place,
on the right machine,
in the right amount,
at the right time.
Types of Greases

1 Calcium grease.

Calcium or lime grease, the first of the modern production greases

can lubricate satisfactorily to temperatures around 93 EC (200 EF).


lime grease
does not emulsify in water and is excellent at
resisting “wash out.”

manufacturing cost is
relatively low

maximum temperature of around 110 EC (230


EF).
Types of Greases

2 Calcium complex grease

Aluminum gre ase.

Aluminum grease is normally clear and produced from high-viscosity oils.

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