Arduino Module (Beginner)

PREPARED BY
OOI YOONG KHANG
Copyright © USM IEEE R&D

Updated 8th January 2017
ARDUINO MODULE (BEGINEER) OOI YOONG KHANG
Contents
1.0 Basic Circuit Theory ..................................................................................................... 1

1.1 Identify the Node ....................................................................................................... 1
2.0 Introduction to Electronic Components ....................................................................... 3
2.1 Arduino ...................................................................................................................... 5
2.2 Breadboard ................................................................................................................ 5
2.3 Resistor ...................................................................................................................... 7
3.0 Projects .......................................................................................................................... 8
3.1 Insert Library ............................................................................................................ 8
3.2 Uploading a Program ................................................................................................ 9
3.3 Torch Light .............................................................................................................. 11
3.4 Blinking LED ........................................................................................................... 12
3.5 Intelligent Switch ..................................................................................................... 13
3.6 Toggle Switch ........................................................................................................... 14
3.7 Mood Lightning ....................................................................................................... 15
3.8 Music Player ............................................................................................................ 16
3.9 Karaoke.................................................................................................................... 17
3.10 Proximity Detector ................................................................................................ 18
3.11 Capacitive Sensor .................................................................................................. 19
3.12 Electrical Piano ...................................................................................................... 20
3.13 LCD ........................................................................................................................ 21
3.14 Timer ...................................................................................................................... 22
4.0 Solution for “Try This” ............................................................................................... 23

Updated 8th January 2017
1.0 Basic Circuit Theory

Before we start with Arduino, there are a few basic circuit theory you have to understand.
1.1 Identify the Node

Node is defined as any point on a circuit where two or more circuit elements meet.
Example 1:
A R1 B R2 C
1k 1k
5V
R3
1k
0
Figure 1.1.1: Schematic 1
Based on Figure 1.1.1, there are total of 4 nodes. They are node A, node B, node C and GND.
Example 2:
A R1 B R2 C
1k 1k
5V
C1 1uF L1 10uH
0
Based on Figure 1.1.2, there are total of 4 nodes. They are node A, node B, node C and GND.
It is noticed that a point is counted as a node regardless what kind of components connected to
the point.
Updated 8th January 2017 1
TRY THIS!
Find the number of nodes of the following circuits:
(i)
R1 R2
1k 1k
5V
R3 R4
1k 1k
R5
3.3V 1k
0
Answer: ____________________
(ii)
R1 R2
1k 1k
V1
5V R3
1k
R4
1k
V2
5V R5
1k
R6
1k
0
Answer: ____________________

2.0 Introduction to Electronic Components

Electronic Components Quantity Description
Arduino is a kind of microcontroller that can
be used to perform a specific function based
Arduino
on instruction given. A programming which is
1 in C++ language is used to write an instruction
to the board.
A platform to connect components to form a

circuit. There is no soldering required to
Breadboard
connect the components.
1
LED LED stands for Light Emitting Diode in which

it will lights up when current flows in the
correct direction.
Red × 2
Yellow × 2
Green × 2 Longer leg
White × x
Shorter leg
Jumper A kind of wire that can be inserted into the

breadboard without soldering.
65

Resistor Restricts the amount of current flows through
100Ω × 10 it.
150Ω × 10
1kΩ × 10
10kΩ × 10
100kΩ × 10
1MΩ × 10
LCD LCD stands for Liquid Crystal Display which

used to display alphanumeric characters based
in digital input signal.
1
IR LED It is similar to LED but the light is not visible.

Infra is like heat, not visible to the naked eye.
You can check infra through your camera on
1 your phone and a red light will be seen.
IR Phototransistor A transistor which current depends on the

amount of IR light.
Speaker Produces sound in response to an electrical

audio signal input.

2.1 Arduino
Figure 2.1.1: Structure of Arduino
2.2 Breadboard
Figure 2.2.1: Internal Structure of Breadboard

TRY THIS!
1. Identify the voltage of each of the following based on Figure 2.2.2.
Figure 2.2.2: Schematic Diagram 5
A: _________________________
B: _________________________
C: _________________________
D: _________________________
E: _________________________

2.3 Resistor
Figure 2.3.1: Resistor Reading Corresponding to Colour

3.0 Projects
3.1 Insert Library
1. Open the CapacitiveSensor.rar file and click “Extract To” as shown in Figure 3.1.1.
Figure 3.1.1: WinRAR
2. Select the location of your libraries folder in Arduino folder installed. The location will
be in C:\Program Files(x86)\Arduino\libraries. Press “OK” after the folder is selected.
Figure 3.1.2: Location of Libraries Folder in Arduino

3.2 Uploading a Program

1. There are two things have to take note you send the program to the board.
(i) Ensure the board type is selected correctly in the software.
(ii) Ensure the USB port connect to Arduino is selected correctly in the software.
Click “Tools” on Menu bar and check for the “Board” and “Port” are selected correctly.
Figure 3.2.1: Board and Port Selection

2. Inside the program, there are 2 functions must be exists:

(i) void setup() – used to declare digital pin as INPUT/OUTPUT
(ii) void loop() – used to run program repeatedly
Figure 3.2.2: setup() and loop() Function
3. Do take note that the character/alphabet used in the programming is case sensitive. For
example, setup() and Setup() are two different things. If your program is written with void
Setup() or void Loop(), an error will be occurred when you compile your program.

3.3 Torch Light

1. Build the circuit according to the schematic shown below.
Figure 3.3.1: Torch Light Schematic Diagram
2. Press on tact switch and observe what happen to the LED.

3.4 Blinking LED

Figure 3.4.1: Blinking LED Schematic Diagram
2. Write the program as shown below and upload into Arduino board.
Assign variable “pinLED” to be pin number 8
Assign variable “pinLED” as OUTPUT PORT
digitalWrite (pin8, HIGH) command pin 8 to output 5V
digitalWrite (pin8, LOW) command pin 8 to output 0V
delay (1000) means program stay here for 1000

milliseconds doing nothing

3.5 Intelligent Switch

Figure 3.5.1: Intelligent Switch Schematic Diagram
Assign variable “pinSwitch” as INPUT PORT
digitalRead (pinSwitch) command to take in the input

DIGITALLY from pin5
then it stores the data to variable “switchStatus”
This statement will be executed if switchStatus is

‘HIGH’
This statement will be executed if switchStatus is ‘LOW’

3.6 Toggle Switch
TRY THIS!
1. Set pin 5 as INPUT for tact switch and pin 8 as OUTPUT for LED.
2. Write a program that when user press the tact switch and release hand, the LED will light
ON. When user press again the tact switch and release hand, the LED will light OFF.
Figure 3.6.1: Toggle Schematic Diagram

HINT: Set a variable as a Boolean to indicate LED ON/OFF status.

3.7 Mood Lightning

Figure 3.7.1: Mood Lightning Schematic Diagram

3.8 Music Player

Figure 3.8.1: Music Player Schematic Diagram
tone (pin, frequency, duration);
Off speaker

3.9 Karaoke
TRY THIS!
1. Set pin 8, pin 9 and pin 10 as OUTPUT for LEDs and set pin 11 as OUTPUT for speaker.
2. Write a program to play a music and blink the LEDs together.
Figure 3.9.1: Karaoke Schematic Diagram

3.10 Proximity Detector

Figure 3.10.1: Proximity Detector Schematic Diagram
Serial.begin (baud rate) means activate “serial

communication” and baud rate is “communication speed”
analogRead (pin “A1”) command to take in the

ANALOG input from pin A1
then it stores the data to variable “analogvalue”
Serial.println (something) means display the “something”

on the serial monitor then the cursor move to next line.
Serial.print (something) means display “something” on
serial monitor and the cursor stay on the same line

3.11 Capacitive Sensor

1. Ensure there is “CapacitiveSensor” library inside your Arduino libraries folder.
Figure 3.11.1: Capacitive Sensor Schematic Diagram
Include external library

3.12 Electrical Piano
TRY THIS!
1. Set pin 2 as OUTPUT source and pin 4 and pin 6 as INPUT source. Set pin 11 as OUTPUT
for speaker.
2. Write a program to play a sound when touch each wire.
Figure 3.12.1: Electrical Piano Schematic Diagram

3.13 LCD
Figure 3.13.1: LCD Schematic Diagram
Table 3.12.1: The function of pins in LCD

Pin Name Function
1 Vss Ground
2 Vcc +3.3 to +5 V
3 Vo Contrast. GND (high contrast) to Vcc (low
contrast)
4 RS Register Select.
0: Command
1: Data
5 R/W Read/Write.
0: Write
1: Read
6 E Clock, Falling edge triggered
7 DB0 Bit 0 (not used in 4-bit operation)
11 DB4 Bit 4
12 DB5 Bit 5
13 DB6 Bit 6
14 DB7 Bit 7
15 LED+ LCD light (+ve)
16 LED- LCD light (-ve)
INITIALIZE the LCD with 16 columns, 2 rows
Bring the cursor to column0 and row0
Bring the cursor to column0 and row1
Clear the display
3.14 Timer
TRY THIS!
1. By using LCD, display a timer that count from 30 seconds to 0 and keep repeat count
from 30 seconds again.
Figure 3.14.1: LCD Schematic Diagram

HINT: Use for loop to count the time.

4.0 Solution for “Try This”

Section 1.1
(i) 4
(ii) 6
Section 2.2
A: 5 V
B: No Voltage
C: 3.3 V
D: No Voltage
E: 0 V
Section 3.6

Section 3.9

Section 3.12
Section 3.14


Arduino Module (Beginner)

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PREPARED BY

OOI YOONG KHANG

Copyright © USM IEEE R&D

1.0 Basic Circuit Theory ..................................................................................................... 1

Copyright © USM IEEE R&D

1.0 Basic Circuit Theory

1.1 Identify the Node

Copyright © USM IEEE R&D

2.0 Introduction to Electronic Components

A platform to connect components to form a

LED LED stands for Light Emitting Diode in which

Jumper A kind of wire that can be inserted into the

Copyright © USM IEEE R&D

Resistor Restricts the amount of current flows through

LCD LCD stands for Liquid Crystal Display which

IR LED It is similar to LED but the light is not visible.

IR Phototransistor A transistor which current depends on the

Speaker Produces sound in response to an electrical

Copyright © USM IEEE R&D

Figure 2.1.1: Structure of Arduino

Figure 2.2.1: Internal Structure of Breadboard

Copyright © USM IEEE R&D

1. Identify the voltage of each of the following based on Figure 2.2.2.

Figure 2.2.2: Schematic Diagram 5

Copyright © USM IEEE R&D

Figure 2.3.1: Resistor Reading Corresponding to Colour

Copyright © USM IEEE R&D

Figure 3.1.1: WinRAR

Figure 3.1.2: Location of Libraries Folder in Arduino

Copyright © USM IEEE R&D

3.2 Uploading a Program

Figure 3.2.1: Board and Port Selection

Copyright © USM IEEE R&D

2. Inside the program, there are 2 functions must be exists:

Figure 3.2.2: setup() and loop() Function

Copyright © USM IEEE R&D

3.3 Torch Light

Figure 3.3.1: Torch Light Schematic Diagram

2. Press on tact switch and observe what happen to the LED.

Copyright © USM IEEE R&D

3.4 Blinking LED

Figure 3.4.1: Blinking LED Schematic Diagram

Assign variable “pinLED” to be pin number 8

Assign variable “pinLED” as OUTPUT PORT

digitalWrite (pin8, HIGH) command pin 8 to output 5V

digitalWrite (pin8, LOW) command pin 8 to output 0V

delay (1000) means program stay here for 1000

Copyright © USM IEEE R&D

3.5 Intelligent Switch

Figure 3.5.1: Intelligent Switch Schematic Diagram

Assign variable “pinSwitch” as INPUT PORT

digitalRead (pinSwitch) command to take in the input

This statement will be executed if switchStatus is

This statement will be executed if switchStatus is ‘LOW’

Copyright © USM IEEE R&D

3.6 Toggle Switch

Figure 3.6.1: Toggle Schematic Diagram

Copyright © USM IEEE R&D

3.7 Mood Lightning

Figure 3.7.1: Mood Lightning Schematic Diagram

Copyright © USM IEEE R&D

3.8 Music Player

Figure 3.8.1: Music Player Schematic Diagram

tone (pin, frequency, duration);