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The Bible is God’s Word, but it’s also full of words. Unfortunately,
most of us do not read the Bible in its original languages. The New
Testament was written in Greek, but many of the people whose
stories fill its pages spoke Aramaic or Hebrew. As anyone who has
read The Little Prince or The Brothers Karamazov knows, things
can get lost in translation. Therefore, it is helpful to look at the
original languages, as well as the historical and cultural context
of those words, to give us insight into the intended meaning of
the text.
When trying to understand the New Testament, we must
remember that Jesus and his first followers were Jewish. Jesus
was the Son of God, but he put on flesh as a Jewish rabbi in first-
century Palestine. We must remember that context, and examine
the text through that cultural lens.
For example, just before his trial and death, Jesus told his dis-
ciples: “And if I go and prepare a place for you, I will come back
and take you to be with me that you also may be where I am. You
know the way to the place where I am going” (John 14:3–4). Of
course, Thomas the doubter replies: “Lord, we don’t know where
you are going, so how can we know the way?” (v. 5). Jesus answers
with those famous words: “I am the way and the truth and the life.
No one comes to the Father except through me” (v. 6).
These are verses I memorized as an obedient evangelical child
because they explain that Jesus is the only way to heaven—the
place he was going to prepare for us. We were told that we could
use his words to refute moral relativism: If all roads led to God,
then Jesus would have said, “I am a way,” or “I’m one of the ways.”
If I told my unbelieving friends this verse, they would immediately
fall to their knees in repentance and ask me what they must do to
be saved, and I would tell them: Be born again (John 3:16). Or so
my Sunday school teachers told me.
It didn’t always work out like that, despite my good intentions.
Just because something is true doesn’t mean it will be immediately
convincing to skeptics. I do think Jesus is the way; I’m not arguing
that point. But I never learned the cultural and religious context of
that verse, or what it would have meant to the people who heard it
at that time. To the Jews who became his disciples, who gathered
to hear his teaching or stood at a distance wondering who he was,
this statement had radical implications. But he wasn’t refuting
moral relativism. He was fulfilling prophesy. Understanding the
cultural context might actually make Christianity more interesting
to skeptics, I think.
Jesus was a Jewish rabbi. The Jewish culture of which Jesus
was a part absolutely revered the Torah, God’s law. They learned
it, memorized it, debated it, and discussed it—not because they
had to, but because they loved it. Here are some of the passages
they would have thought of immediately when they heard Jesus’
words.
Look at Exodus 18:20: “Teach them the decrees and laws,
and show them the way to live and the duties they are to perform”
(emphasis mine). God’s decrees and instructions referred to in
this verse were from the Torah. It showed the Israelites the way
to live. They often referred to Torah as “the Way.”
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So when Jesus claimed to be the way, the truth, and the life,
his Jewish audience would have understood that he was claim-
ing to not just have a word from God; he was claiming to be the
embodiment of God’s Word. He was Torah. He was the Way. It
was a radical statement, and people either embraced him as the
Messiah or rejected him as a heretic.
This book is a tool to help you better understand both the
words and their context so that you can engage in the spiritual
discipline of the study of God’s Word. As such, it is meant to be
used with the Bible rather than on its own. Think of it as a shovel
to help you dig deeper, or a light to help you see better.
There are several ways this book can help you connect with
Scripture. First, it can be used as a reference volume, to look up
words you come across in your own reading. For example, as you
engage in daily Scripture reading, you may want to dig deeper.
Cultivate the habit of reading slowly. As you read, notice which
words in the text stand out to you or give you pause. Rather than
trying to get through a chapter or section, read a shorter portion
through a few times. When a specific word strikes you or puzzles
you, use this book as a reference tool to look up words you’ve
encountered in your daily reading.
Second, this book can be used as a study guide to launch
your own study of specific words. If there’s a word in your daily
reading that is not listed in Deeper into the Word, you can use it in
another way: as a tutorial for how to do what has been traditionally
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What keeps you from trusting God? Perhaps you would answer
that you don’t have enough faith. Or put another way, you have
too much fear. The word afraid appears thirty-five times in the
New Testament; the related word fear appears eighty-three times.
Throughout the Bible, both words are often connected with the
phrase “Do not,” as in “Do not be afraid,” or “Fear not.” It’s the
most-oft repeated commandment in the Bible.
Of all the commands of God, “Do not be afraid” is one of
the most reassuring, yet one of the hardest to obey. And it often
comes, in the biblical narrative, when God shows up and asks us
to take a risk—to trust even when things look very bad, or don’t
seem to make sense. When the angel comes to Mary to tell her
how her life will turn upside down, he begins, “Do not be afraid”
(Luke 1:30). When Jairus the synagogue ruler comes pleading
for Jesus to save his daughter, and she dies before Jesus can get
there, Jesus looks him in the eye and says, “Don’t be afraid; just
believe” (Luke 8:50).
Most often the word translated “afraid” is phobeo. Phobeo’s root
word, phobos, is often translated “fear.” Phobeo can mean to be
scared, but it can also be used to mean reverent awe, as in, “The
fear of the Lord.” While the latter is more common in the Old
Testament, phobeo is used most frequently in the New Testament
in the negative sense of being fearful or afraid.
Other Greek words for afraid, used less frequently than phobeo,
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Anoint _
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The name Jesus Christ refers to this anointing: “The title Christ
signifies ‘The Anointed one,’ the word (Christos) is rendered ‘(His)
Anointed’ in Acts 4:26.”1
The verb chrio is used only once to describe believers: “Now
it is God who makes both us and you stand firm in Christ. He
anointed us, set his seal of ownership on us, and put his Spirit
in our hearts as a deposit, guaranteeing what is to come” (2 Cor.
1:21–22).
The corresponding noun, chrisma, however, is used to describe
what believers have. The word literally means an unguent made
from oil and aromatic herbs. However, in the New Testament it
is used only metaphorically.
I’ve heard people describe preaching, worship, or ministry that
was particularly powerful as “anointed.” Interestingly, the word
anointed is never used as an adjective in the Bible. But the New
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Apostle _
The word apostle comes directly from the Greek apostolos, which
literally means one sent forth (it comes from the Greek verb apos-
tello, meaning to send forth or send out). Often the word trans-
lated “sent” in the Bible is apostello, which Jesus uses to describe
himself (sent from the Father, see Heb. 3:1 or John 17:3), and the
twelve disciples selected by Jesus (see Luke 6:13; 9:10) for special
training to teach and preach. After Jesus’ death and resurrection,
we see the meaning of the word evolving, broadening like ripples
in a pond.
Acts 1 describes the eleven apostles (Judas having left the
group) gathering with other men and women who were followers
(disciples) of Jesus, and choosing one to replace Judas. Peter leads
this endeavor, and he says he has certain standards for those who
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Believe _
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give intellectual assent, but to stake your life on the premise that
such truth will save you.
This belief affects not only our future, but our present, as it
ushers us into intimacy with the object of our belief. Believers are
not just those who agree, but those who are adopted. (See Rom.
8, especially verses 12–17.)
The four gospels that begin the New Testament exhort us to
believe, but none so vehemently as John’s gospel. The Greek verb
pisteuo, to believe, appears in Matthew and Mark ten times each,
in Luke nine times, but in John ninety-nine times.
John’s gospel is markedly different from the synoptic gospels
of Matthew, Mark, and Luke, and not just in word choices. Those
words support his purpose. Rather than biography, John’s story of
Jesus’ life is much more focused on theology and uses stories to back
up his points. John was focused on trying to convince people that
Jesus was more than just a rabbi, or a good teacher, or a prophet
sent from God. Rather, John focuses on Jesus’ claim to be God in
the flesh. So it makes sense that someone who is trying to prove
the deity of Christ would use the word believe a lot more often than
those just trying to tell his life story and record his teachings.
John often links pisteuo and zoe, life, as in “whoever believes
in him shall not perish but have eternal life” (3:16) and “everyone
who looks to the Son and believes in him shall have eternal life”
(6:40).
One commentary notes that John’s purpose in writing was “spe-
cifically evangelistic. It was aimed to produce faith in Jesus Christ
as the son of God. The record of the various signs was intended
to produce this result, and with this in mind the many references
to believe and to non-believing become significant.”1
Pisteuo means not only to believe but to place your confidence
in something, to rely upon it. It is often translated “commit to,” or
“commit to one’s trust.”
Belief does not simply change our mind about God, it changes
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who we are. We are filled with life—not just for eternity, but for
now. Belief means we live differently, because we live fully.
Bless/Blessed/Blessing _
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Blind _
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