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1. Ethics is the discipline dealing with moral duty and what is good and bad.
2. A human act is an act performed voluntarily by a human being under the control of the will. Voluntary acts can be directly from the will or from other powers moved by the will.
3. Acts of man are actions performed by humans but without reflection or free consent, like digesting food or instinctive reactions. They are shared with animals.
1. Ethics is the discipline dealing with moral duty and what is good and bad.
2. A human act is an act performed voluntarily by a human being under the control of the will. Voluntary acts can be directly from the will or from other powers moved by the will.
3. Acts of man are actions performed by humans but without reflection or free consent, like digesting food or instinctive reactions. They are shared with animals.
1. Ethics is the discipline dealing with moral duty and what is good and bad.
2. A human act is an act performed voluntarily by a human being under the control of the will. Voluntary acts can be directly from the will or from other powers moved by the will.
3. Acts of man are actions performed by humans but without reflection or free consent, like digesting food or instinctive reactions. They are shared with animals.
ETHICS the discipline dealing with what is good and bad and with moral
duty and obligation.
HUMAN ACT an act that is performed only by a human being and
thus is proper to man. Not every act that a human being does is a distinctively human act. Some acts that human beings do are performed also by animals, e.g., vegetative acts and acts of perception and of emotion. When a human being does such acts, they are called acts of man but not human acts. Acts of man, therefore, are acts shared in common by man and other animals, whereas human acts are proper to human beings. What makes an act performed by a human being distinctively a human act is that it is voluntary in character, that is, an act in some way under the control or direction of the will, which is proper to man. One can therefore identify the human act with the voluntary act. A voluntary act proceeds either from the will itself—for example, an act of love or of choice—or from some other human power that can in some way be moved by the will, whether an act of the intellect, of sense cognition, or of emotion; even an act of some bodily member as commanded by the will can be a voluntary act.
ACTS OF MAN action performed by a human being but without
reflection and free consent, e.g., digesting food, instinctive reaction to some external stimulus.
IGNORANCE a lack of knowledge, understanding, or education :
the state of being ignorant.
VINCIBLE IGNORANCE is, in Catholic ethics, ignorance that a
person could remove by applying reasonable diligence in the given set of circumstances. It contrasts with INVINCIBLE IGNORANCE which a person is either entirely incapable of removing, or could only do so by supererogatory efforts (i.e., efforts above and beyond normal duty). An example of vincible ignorance would be a person who is unsure about certain Catholic teachings, but refrains from seeking an explanation of those teachings.
AFFECTED IGNORANCE in ecclesiastical law, directly willed
ignorance of a law or of its penalty, or both. Such ignorance does not excuse a person from automatic penalties (latae sententiae), i.e., those which follow immediately on breaking the law.
PASSION strong and barely controllable emotion.
Antecedent passion is that which precedes the placing of an action according to the passion or in spite of it. An antecedent passion is an obstacle to the placing of a contrary action: the finds it difficult to act because its freedom is antecedently pressurized and consequently voluntariness must be boosted. If a lawful act is placed despite the passion, the will has achieved greater freedom and gained merit. Consequent passion is due to arousing a passion or fostering an antecedent passion. If the passion is inappropriate to the situation, then the act of arousal is evil, fully voluntary and culpable. However, once the consequent passion takes over, the subsequent voluntariness is lessened and the natural inclination (if any) is reinforced. If, on the other hand, the consequent passion is appropriate and the will acts according to it, the act is good. It is interesting to note that while passions tend to restrict the voluntariness they pose a challenge to our freedom. One who asserts his freedom by channelling his passions comes out as lord of his personal history.
FEAR an unpleasant emotion caused by the belief that someone or
something is dangerous, likely to cause pain, or a threat.
VIOLENCE behavior involving physical force intended to hurt,
damage, or kill someone or something. HABIT a settled or regular tendency or practice, especially one that is hard to give up. HAPPINESS the state of being happy. LAW the system of rules which a particular country or community recognizes as regulating the actions of its members and which it may enforce by the imposition of penalties. NATURAL LAW . 1. a body of unchanging moral principles regarded as a basis for all human conduct.
2. an observable law relating to natural phenomena.
CONSCIENCE an inner feeling or voice viewed as acting as a guide
to the rightness or wrongness of one's behavior.
CERTAIN CONSCIENCE a state of mind when it has no prudent
fear of being wrong about its judgment on some moral issue and firmly decides that some action is right or wrong.
CIRCUMSTANCES a fact or condition connected with or relevant to
an event or action. RIGHTS are legal, social, or ethical principles of freedom or entitlement; that is, rights are the fundamental normative rules about what is allowed of people or owed to people, according to some legal system, social convention, or ethical theory.[1] Rights are of essential importance in such disciplines as law and ethics, especially theories of justice and deontology. Rights are often considered fundamental to civilization, for they are regarded as established pillars of society and culture,[2] and the history of social conflicts can be found in the history of each right and its development. According to the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, "rights structure the form of governments, the content of laws, and the shape of morality as it is currently perceived".[1] DUTIES something that one is expected or required to do by moral or legal obligation. the binding or obligatory force of something that is morally or legally right; moral or legal obligation. an action or task required by a person's position or occupation; function: the duties of a clergyman. the respectful and obedient conduct due a parent, superior, elder, etc. an act or expression of respect. a task or chore that a person is expected to perform: MORALITY principles concerning the distinction between right and wrong or good and bad behavior. a particular system of values and principles of conduct, especially one held by a specified person or society. plural noun: moralities "a bourgeois morality" the extent to which an action is right or wrong. "behind all the arguments lies the issue of the morality of the possession of nuclear weapons"