Rules, Standards & Procedures

Quality Assurance Standard

Water Integrity

1. INTRODUCTION

Water is a principal raw material for beer. To check the quality and compliance with International
Drinking water legislation, local legislation and Heineken standards once every two years the Water
Survey is realised. All operating companies have to send samples of intake water, brewing water and
dilution (standardization) water for analysis to SAS (Sensory and Analytical Services). Also the
survey evaluates the risk for water quality deterioration and the presence of the necessary licenses
and permits and the impact on the natural surroundings.

References:
See Quality Assurance Procedures / Product Integrity
See Heineken Company Rulebook / Supply Chain / Quality / Product Integrity
See Heineken Company Rulebook / Supply Chain / Quality / Product Quality

2. SCOPE

Scope of Application : Sites producing corporate and non-corporate products, including plants that
either brew or pack only and soft drinks plants.

3. MANDATORY REQUIREMENTS

The Brewery Manager is responsible to send samples upon request of Supply Chain Management.
The request is done once every two years.
Samples have to be collected and conserved and transported according to the instructions provided
by Heineken GSC.

The following samples must be sent:

ƒ Water samples of all water supply sources that are being used for the preparation of brewing
water (municipal supplies, groundwater or surface water)
ƒ Brewing water
ƒ Standardization water (dilution water)

See Quality Assurance Procedures / Corporate Sampling

See Production Material Standards / Raw Materials / Water

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4. WATER INTEGRITY STANDARDS AND RISK EVALUATION

The quality of intake water (municipal-water, ground-water, surface-water) will be compared with:
the standards indicated by “EU Directive 98/83/EC, on the quality of water intended for human consumption”
for breweries in the region “Europe” (west and east);
the standards indicated in the WHO-Guidelines for drinking water quality (2004) for breweries outside the
region “Europe”.
Brewing water and Standardisation Water will be evaluated regarding the standards set in this document,as
well as the Process Instruction Water.

See Production Material Standards / Raw Materials / Water

To be able to anticipate timely the use of undesired water quality in breweries, risk levels have been
introduced and a related warning system has been adopted. This warning system is based on a relative
toxicity and the type of water (intake or treated water).

Water quality parameters are classified according relative toxicity:

1 no direct threat to human health;
2 harmful for human health;
3 toxic (poisonous, carcinogenic, mutagenic).

The relative toxicity of a parameter and the type of water (intake – or treated water) determine at
which percentage of the water quality standard a certain risk level is attributed. Three different risks
levels are recognised, like a traffic light: - green; - orange and - red. This presented in the Data risk
matrix below

Table 1: Data risk matrix

Relative Intake water Brewing / Standardisation
toxicity water
percentage of WHO / EU-Directive percentage of GPI
1 < 100% 100 - 300 % > 300 % < 95 % 95 - 100 % > 100 %
2 < 100% 100 – 200 % > 200 % < 90 % 90 - 100 % > 100 %
3 < 100% 100 – 150 % > 150 % < 80 % 80 - 100 % > 100 %

Details for the different water quality parameters are presented in the table at the end of this
document. The risk levels of intake- and treated water together determine the recommended actions
to be performed by the brewery of concern. The risk levels and the related follow-up is presented in
the escalation matrix below.

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Table 2: Escalation Matrix

Intake water
Green Orange Red

situation OK, no actions situation OK, no actions situation OK, no actions

Green required, reporting on quality required, reporting on quality required, reporting on quality
2 yearly half-yearly 3- monthly
Brewing & Standardisation water

situation OK, plan should be situation OK, plan should be situation OK, plan should be
prepared for possible future prepared for possible future prepared for possible future
Orange action, reporting on quality action, reporting on quality half- action, reporting on quality
yearly yearly 3- monthly

adjustment of water treatment, adjustment of water treatment, adjustment of water treatment,

Red reporting on water quality reporting on water quality reporting on water quality
monthly monthly monthly

In case results are not compliant with the adopted standards the brewery of concern has to send a new
water sample for re-analysis to check the consistency of the status of the parameter of concern. The result
of the re-analysis determines the status of the situation (compliant/non-compliant) and the necessary follow
up.

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5. REPORTING

The results of the chemical analysis will be reported to the brewery. This evaluation report deals with the
following issues:
- the quality of the different water types with respect to the adopted standards;
- prevailing water quality trends (5 years period) and significant deviations;
- risks as a result of the observed water quality;
- an evaluation of the water intake and supply;
- recommendations for follow up (if necessary);

Regional/Global outlines will be prepared for GSC presenting the observed situation according the risk
matrix; relevant facts and figures.

6. ANALYSIS OF DISINFECTION BY-PRODUCTS

Both EU-Directive and WHO guidelines set standards for a number of very specific disinfection by-products.
The decision to analyse a specific disinfection by product will be based on the information of the
questionnaire “Water intake and supply”. One of the question addresses the type of disinfection that is being
applied by the supplier of city-water. Examples of these by-products are bromate and acrylamide.
Bromate is not normally present in water but may be formed from bromide during ozonation or in
combination with strong oxidising compounds (e.g. chlorine). Because bromate is a strong oxidant, its
commonest fate in natural water is probably reaction with organic matter, ultimately leading to the formation
of bromide ion. As many breweries are applying chlorine for disinfection all brewing water samples will be
analysed on bromate. As standardisation water is made from brewing water, standardisation water will not
be analysed on bromate.
The EU-directive has set a standard for acrylamide; also analysis on acrylamide will not be standard
procedure. Only breweries using City water treated with flocculants based on poly-acrylamide will be
analysed on acrylamide.

See Quality Assurance Standards / Beer Integrity

7. DEFINITIONS

To ensure a common understanding of the terminology used in the Basic Recipes, Process Instructions and
Process Descriptions, a definition of the most important aspects of the raw material water is given below.

Intake water
All incoming water, this can be drinking water (public water supply) as well as surface water (streams, river
water; lake, reservoir or seawater) ground water (springs, drilled- or dug wells) or a combination thereof.

General Purpose water

Is the result of the primary treatment and of a quality that complies with the standards for drinking water as
set by local governments or the WHO Guidelines (Basic quality reference) or EU-Directive 98/93 (High
quality reference).

Brewing water
All water used for the production of wort, sparging and ultimately beer.

Standardization water
Water used for the standardization of beer.

Soft water
Soft water used as rinse water for tanks and beer lines, internal and external rinsing of bottles and cans,
internal rinsing of kegs, pasteurization of the packaged product and high-pressure foaming devices at the
filler.

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8. WATER QUALITY STANDARDS AND RISK LEVELS.

Water standards and risks indication

% of % of
Standards Water Types standard standard
Relative
toxicity Brewing / Brewing / Standardisaton
Compound Unit EU WHO (1-3) Standardisaton water water EU / WHO (intake water)
(Heavy) metals
aluminium µg/l 200 - 1 product norm ≤95 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤300 >300
antimony µg/l 20 5 2 5 ≤90 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤200 >200
arsenic µg/l 10 10 3 10 ≤80 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤150 >150
boron mg/l 1 0.5 2 0.5 ≤90 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤200 >200
cadmium µg/l 5 3 3 3 ≤80 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤150 >150
chromium µg/l 50 50 3 50 ≤80 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤150 >150
copper mg/l 2 2 2 2 ≤90 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤200 >200
lead µg/l 10 10 3 10 ≤80 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤150 >150
iron µg/l 200 300 1 product norm ≤95 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤300 >300
magnesium mg/l - - 1 20 ≤95 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤300 >300
manganese µg/l 50 400 1 50 ≤95 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤300 >300
mercury µg/l 1 1 3 1 ≤80 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤150 >150
molybdene µg/l - 70 2 70 ≤90 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤200 >200
nickel µg/l 20 20 2 20 ≤90 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤200 >200
sodium mg/l 200 - 1 product norm ≤95 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤300 >300
selenium µg/l 10 10 2 10 ≤90 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤200 >200
Other inorganic compounds
ammonium mg/l 0.5 1.5 1 0.5 ≤95 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤300 >300
chloride mg/l 250 - 1 product norm ≤95 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤300 >300
cyanide µg/ 50 70 3 50 ≤80 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤150 >150
fluoride mg/l 1.5 1.5 1 1.5 ≤95 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤300 >300
nitrate mg/l 50 50 1 product norm ≤95 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤300 >300
nitrite mg/l 0.5 3 2 0.1 ≤90 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤200 >200
silicate mg/l - - 1 50 ≤95 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤300 >300
sulphate mg/l 250 - 1 product norm ≤95 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤300 >300
Aromatic hydrocarbons
benzene µg/l 1 10 3 1 ≤80 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤150 >150
benzo(a)pyrene µg/l 0.01 0.7 3 0.01 ≤80 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤150 >150
benzo(b)fluoranthene1 µg/l - - 3 - ≤80 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤150 >150
1
benzo(k)fluoranthene µg/l - - 3 - ≤80 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤150 >150
1
benzo(ghi)perylene µg/l - - 3 - ≤80 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤150 >150
indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene1 µg/l - - 3 - ≤80 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤150 >150
1
sum of µg/l 0.1 - - 0.1 ≤80 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤150 >150

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Disinfection byproducts
trichloromethaneTHM µg/l - 200 3 - ≤80 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤150 >150
THM
bromodichloromethane µg/l - 60 3 - ≤80 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤150 >150
dibromochloromethaneTHM µg/l - 100 3 - ≤80 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤150 >150
tribromomethaneTHM µg/l - 100 3 - ≤80 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤150 >150
sum
sum of THM µg/l 100 - 100
ratios<1 ≤80 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤150 >150
bromate µg/l 10 25 3 10 ≤80 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤150 >150
chlorite mg/l - 0.7 2 ≤80 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤150 >150
chlorate mg/l - 0.7 2 ≤80 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤150 >150
acrylamide µg/l 0.1 0.5 3 0.1 ≤80 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤150 >150
Halogenated hydrocarbons
1,2-dichloroethane µg/l 3 4 3 3 ≤80 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤150 >150
sum of tetra- and
µg/l 10 - - 10
trichloroethylene ≤80 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤150 >150
1,2-dibromomethane µg/l 0.4 - 3 0.4 ≤80 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤150 >150
1,2-dibromo3-chloropropane µg/l 1 - 3 1 ≤80 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤150 >150
vinyl chloride µg/l 0.5 5 3 0.5 ≤80 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤150 >150
epichlorohydrin µg/l 0.1 0.4 3 0.1 ≤80 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤150 >150
Pesticides
pesticides µg/l 0.1 varies 3 0.1 ≤80 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤150 >150
1
sum of pesticides µg/l 0.5 - - 0.5 ≤80 ≤100 >100 ≤100 ≤150 >150

1
For analysis set of perticides see Quality Assurance Procedure / Corporate Sampling

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