MATHEMATICS

‫امہرتنیرصتخموساالت‬

12
MUHAMMAD SALMAN
SHERAZI
03337727666/03067856232
 Ch 01: Functions and Limits
M.SALMAN SHERAZI (03337727666/03067856232)
Q. Answer the following SHORT QUESTIONS.
i. Show that the parametric equations 𝑥 = 𝑎𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 and 𝑦 = 𝑎𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡 represent the
equation of the circle 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 𝑎2
ii. Define Explicit function and Implicit function and give examples.
iii. Define Even and odd functions and give examples.
iv. Express the area A of a circle as a function of its circumference C.
𝑥 2 −16
v. Find the domain and range of 𝑔(𝑥) = √𝑥 2 − 4 and 𝑔(𝑥) = ,𝑥 ≠ 4
𝑥−4

vi. Prove that csch2 𝑥 = coth2 𝑥 − 1

2
vii. Determine 𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥 + 2)2 and 𝑓 (𝑥) = 𝑥 3 + 6 is even or odd.
viii. Define inverse of a function.
ix. Let 𝑓: 𝑅 → 𝑅 be the function denoted by 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 1. Find 𝑓 −1 (𝑥)
1
x. Find 𝑓𝑜𝑔(𝑥) and 𝑔𝑜𝑓(𝑥) if 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 + 1 and 𝑔(𝑥) = 𝑥 2
xi. Without finding the inverse , state domain and range of 𝑓 −1 (𝑥)
1
if 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+3 , 𝑥 ≠ 3 and 𝑓(𝑥) = √𝑥 + 2
√𝑥+𝑎−√𝑎 1
xii. Prove that lim𝑥→0 =
𝑥 2√𝑎
𝑥−3
xiii. Evaluate lim𝑥→3
√𝑥−√3
1 𝑛
xiv. Prove that lim𝑛→+∞ (1 + 𝑛) = 𝑒
1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃
xv. Evaluate lim𝜃→0
𝜃
𝑥 𝑛 −𝑎𝑛
xvi. Evaluate lim𝑥→𝑎 𝑥−𝑎
𝑥 3 −8
xvii. Evaluate lim𝑥→𝑎 𝑥 2 +𝑥−6
√𝑥−√2
xviii. Evaluate lim𝑥→2
𝑥−2
𝑥
xix. Evaluate lim𝑥→0 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥
xx. Evaluate lim𝜃→𝜋 𝜋−𝑥
1
𝑒 𝑥 −1
xxi. Evaluate lim𝑥→0 1 ,𝑥 < 0
𝑒 𝑥 +1
𝑥 𝑥
xxii. Evaluate lim𝑥→∞ (1+𝑥)

xxiii. Define Continuous function.

𝑥 + 2 , 𝑥 ≤ −1
xxiv. If 𝑓(𝑥) = { , find "𝑐" so that lim𝑥→−1 𝑓(𝑥) exists.
𝑐 + 2 , 𝑥 > −1
xxv. Find the value of 𝑚 so that the given function 𝑓 is continuous at 𝑥 = 3
𝑚𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 < 3
𝑓(𝑥) = { 2
𝑥 𝑖𝑓 𝑥 ≥ 3
COMPOSED BY:- M.SALMAN SHERAZI(03337727666/03067856232)
 Ch 02: Differentiation
M.SALMAN SHERAZI (03337727666/03067856232)
Q. Answer the following SHORT QUESTIONS.
i. Define Derivative of a function.
ii. Find the derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 2 by definition.
1
iii. Find the derivative of 𝑓(𝑥) = by definition.
√𝑥
iv. Find the derivative of 𝑦 = (2√𝑥 + 2)(𝑥 − √𝑥)
3
v. Differentiate 𝑥 −3 + 2𝑥 −2 + 3 𝑤. 𝑟. 𝑡 ‘𝑥’.
vi. Differentiate (𝑥 − 5)(3 − 𝑥) 𝑤. 𝑟. 𝑡 ‘𝑥’.
1 2
vii. Differentiate (√𝑥 − 𝑥
) 𝑤. 𝑟. 𝑡 ‘𝑥’.
√
3
(1+√𝑥)(𝑥−𝑥 2 )
viii. Differentiate 𝑤. 𝑟. 𝑡 ‘𝑥’.
√𝑥
𝑑𝑦
ix. If 𝑦 = 𝑥 4 + 2𝑥 2 + 2, prove that 𝑑𝑥
= 4𝑥√𝑦 − 1
1 𝑑𝑦
x. If 𝑦 = √𝑥 − , show that 2𝑥 𝑑𝑥 + 𝑦 = 2√𝑥
√𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑝
xi. Find 𝑑𝑥
if 𝑦 = 𝑥 𝑛 where 𝑛 = 𝑞 , 𝑞 ≠ 0
𝑑𝑦
xii. Find 𝑑𝑥
if 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 4
𝑑𝑦
xiii. Find 𝑑𝑥
if 4𝑥 2 + 2ℎ𝑥𝑦 + 𝑏𝑦 2 + 2𝑔𝑥 + 2𝑓𝑦 + 𝑐 = 0
𝑑𝑦
xiv. Find 𝑑𝑥
by making suitable substitutions in 𝑦 = √𝑥 + √𝑥
𝑑𝑦 1
xv. Find
𝑑𝑥
if 𝑥 = 𝜃 + 𝜃 and 𝑦 = 𝜃 + 1
𝑥 2 +1
xvi. Differentiate 𝑥 2 −1
𝑤. 𝑟. 𝑡 𝑥 3 .
xvii. Differentiate 𝑐𝑜𝑠√𝑥 + √𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 𝑤. 𝑟. 𝑡 ‘𝑥’.
𝑑𝑦
xviii. If 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦(1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥) = 1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥, show that 𝑑𝑥
= −1

𝑑𝑦
xix. If 𝑦 = √𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + √𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + √𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 + ⋯ + ∞, prove that (2𝑦 − 1) = 𝑠𝑒𝑐 2 𝑥
𝑑𝑥
xx. Differentiate ln(𝑥 2 + 2𝑥) 𝑤. 𝑟. 𝑡 ‘𝑥’.
xxi. Differentiate (𝑙𝑛𝑥)𝑥 𝑤. 𝑟. 𝑡 ‘𝑥’.
𝑒𝑥
xxii. Find 𝑓 ′ (𝑥) if 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑒 −𝑥 +1
𝑑𝑦
xxiii. Find if 𝑦 = (𝑥 + 1)𝑥
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
xxiv. Find 𝑑𝑥
if 𝑦 = 5𝑒 3𝑥−4
𝑑𝑦
xxv. Find 𝑑𝑥
if 𝑦 = (𝑙𝑛 𝑡𝑎𝑛ℎ𝑥)
xxvi. Find 𝑦2 if 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 . 𝑒 −𝑥
xxvii. Find 𝑦2 if 𝑥 3 − 𝑦 3 = 𝑎3
xxviii. Define Increasing and decreasing functions.
xxix. Determine the intervals in which 𝑓 is increasing or decreasing for the domain
mentioned: 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 : 𝑥 ∈ (−𝜋, 𝜋)
xxx. Find the extreme values of 𝑓(𝑥) = 5 + 3𝑥 − 𝑥 3 and 𝑓(𝑥) = 5𝑥 2 − 6𝑥 + 2

COMPOSED BY :- M.SALMAN SHERAZI (03337727666/03067856232)

 Ch 03: Integration
M.SALMAN SHERAZI (03337727666/03067856232)
Q. Answer the following SHORT QUESTIONS.
i. Find 𝛿𝑦 and 𝑑𝑦 if 𝑦 = √𝑥 when 𝑥 changes from 4 to 4.41
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑥
ii. Using differentials find 𝑑𝑥 and 𝑑𝑦 if 𝑥𝑦 − 𝑙𝑛𝑥 = 𝑐 and 𝑥 2 + 2𝑦 2 = 16
[𝑓(𝑥)]𝑛+1
iii. Prove that ∫[𝑓(𝑥)𝑛 𝑓 ′ (𝑥)]𝑑𝑥 = , 𝑛 ≠ −1
𝑛+1
3−𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
iv. Evaluate ∫ 1+𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑥
v. Evaluate ∫
√𝑥+1−√𝑥
vi. Evaluate ∫ 𝑥(√𝑥 + 1)𝑑𝑥
𝑒 2𝑥 +𝑒 𝑥
vii. Evaluate ∫ 𝑒𝑥
𝑑𝑥
2
viii. Evaluate ∫ tan 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
1
ix. Evaluate ∫(𝑙𝑛𝑥) × 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥−1
x. Evaluate ∫ 𝑑𝑥
1+𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥
xi. Evaluate ∫ sin(𝑎 + 𝑏) 𝑥𝑑𝑥
xii. Find ∫ 𝑎𝑥 3 𝑥𝑑𝑥
1
xiii. Evaluate ∫ √𝑎2 2 𝑑𝑥
−𝑥
𝑥2
xiv. Evaluate ∫
4+𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
√2
xv. Evaluate ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥+𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥
𝑥+2
xvi. Evaluate ∫ 𝑑𝑥
√𝑥+3
1
xvii. Evaluate ∫ (1+𝑥 2 )𝑇𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥
xviii. Evaluate ∫ 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥
√
xix. Evaluate ∫(𝑙𝑛𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥
xx. Evaluate ∫ sin−1 𝑥 𝑑𝑥
xxi. Evaluate ∫ 𝑥𝑙𝑛𝑥𝑑𝑥
1
xxii. Evaluate ∫ 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 [asec −1 𝑥 + 𝑥√𝑥 2 −1
]𝑑𝑥
𝑒 𝑚𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑥
xxiii. Evaluate ∫ 1+𝑥 2
𝑑𝑥
𝑥𝑒 𝑥
xxiv. Evaluate ∫ (1+𝑥)2 𝑑𝑥
2𝑎
xxv. Evaluate ∫ 𝑥 2 −𝑎2 𝑑𝑥, (𝑥 > 2)
√5
xxvi. Evaluate ∫2 𝑥√𝑥 2 − 1 𝑑𝑥
2
xxvii. Evaluate ∫1 𝑙𝑛𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝜋
xxviii. Evaluate ∫𝜋3 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑑𝑡
6
3 𝑑𝑥
xxix. Evaluate ∫0 𝑥 2 +9
xxx. Find the area between the 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠 and the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 + 1 from 𝑥 = 1 to
𝑥 = 2.
xxxi. Find the area bounded by the curve 𝑦 = 𝑥 3 − 4𝑥 and the 𝑥 − 𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑠.
𝑑𝑦 1−𝑥
xxxii. Solve 𝑑𝑥 = 𝑦
𝑑𝑦
xxxiii. Solve 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑦𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = 1
𝑑𝑦
xxxiv. Solve 1 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑦 =0
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦
xxxv. Solve (𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 ) = 𝑒 𝑥 − 𝑒 −𝑥
𝑑𝑥

COMPOSED BY :- M.SALMAN SHERAZI (03337727666/03067856232)

 Ch 04: Introduction to Analytic Geometry
M.SALMAN SHERAZI (03337727666/03067856232)
Q. Answer the following SHORT QUESTIONS.
i. The point 𝐶(−5,3) is the centre of a circle and 𝑃(7, −2) lies on the circle.
What is the radius of the circle?
ii. Find the coordinates of the point that divides the join of 𝐴(−6,3) and
𝐵(5, −2) in the ratio 2: 3 internally and externally.
iii. Show that the points 𝐴(3,1), 𝐵(−2,2) and 𝐶(2,2) are vertices of an iscosceles
triangle.
iv. Find ℎ such that 𝐴(−1, ℎ), 𝐵(3,2) and 𝐶(7,3) are collinear.
v. Find the points trisecting the join of 𝐴(−1,4) and 𝐵(6,2)
vi. The points (4, −2), (−2,4) and (5,5) are the vertices of a triangle. Find in-
centre of the triangle.
vii. Find the point three-fifth of the way along the line segment from 𝐴(−5,8) to
𝐵(5,3).
viii. The 𝑥𝑦 −coordinate axes are rotated about the origin through the indicated
angle and the new axes are 𝑂𝑋 and 𝑂𝑌. Find the 𝑥𝑦 −coordinate of P with the
given 𝑋𝑌 −coordinates 𝑃(−7 √2, 5√2); 𝜃 = 45°
ix. Show that the points 𝐴(−3,6), 𝐵(3,2) and 𝐶(6,0) are collinear.
x. Show that the triangle with vertices 𝐴(1,1), 𝐵(4,5) and 𝐶(12, −1) is right
triangle.
xi. Transform the equation 5𝑥 − 12𝑦 + 39 = 0 into Slope-intercept form and
two-intercept form.
xii. Find the slope and the inclination of the line joining the points (−2,4); (5,11)
xiii. Find 𝑘 so that the line joining 𝐴(7,3); 𝐵(𝑘, −6) and the line joining
𝐶(−4,5); 𝐷(−6,5) are (i) Parallel (ii) Perpendicular.
xiv. Find an equation of the vertical line through (−5,3)
xv. Find an equation of the line through 𝐴(−6,5) having slope 7.
xvi. Find an equation of the line through (−4, −6) and perpendicular to a line
3
having slope − . 2
xvii. Find whether the point (5,8) lies above or below the line 2𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 6 = 0
xviii. Check whether the points (2,3) and (−2,3) are on the same or opposite sides
of the line 3𝑥 − 5𝑦 + 8 = 0
7 5
xix. Find the angle from the line with slope − 3 to the line with slope 2.
xx. Find the point of intersection of the lines 𝑥 + 4𝑦 − 12 = 0 and 𝑥 − 3𝑦 + 3 = 0
xxi. Check whether the lines 4𝑥 − 3𝑦 − 8 = 0; 3𝑥 − 4𝑦 − 6 = 0; 𝑥 − 𝑦 − 2 = 0 are
concurrent. If so find the point where they meet.
xxii. Find the angle measured from 𝑙1 : 𝐽𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔(1, −7) and (6, −4) to
𝑙2 : 𝐽𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑛𝑔 (−1,2) and (−6, −1)
xxiii. Express the given system in matrix form:
𝑥 + 3𝑦 − 2 = 0; 2𝑥 − 𝑦 + 4 = 0; 𝑥 − 11𝑦 + 4 = 0
xxiv. Define Homogeneous function.
xxv. Find the lines represented by 6𝑥 2 − 19𝑥𝑦 + 15𝑦 2 = 0
COMPOSED BY :- M.SALMAN SHERAZI (03337727666/03067856232)
 Ch 05: Linear Inequalities and Linear

Programming
M.SALMAN SHERAZI (03337727666/03067856232)
Q. Answer the following SHORT QUESTIONS.

i. Graph the linear inequality 3𝑥 + 7𝑦 ≥ 21

ii. Define non-negative constraints and decision variables.

iii. Define Corner point.

iv. Graph the solution region of the following system of linear inequalities and

find the corner points. 𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 5 ; −2𝑥 + 2 ≤ 2 , 𝑦 ≥ 0

v. Define Optimal solution.

vi. Define feasible region.

vii. Graph the feasible region of the following system of linear inequalities
𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 5 ; −2𝑥 + 𝑦 ≤ 2 𝑥 ≥ 0 , 𝑦 ≥ 0

COMPOSED BY:- M.SALMAN SHERAZI (03337727666/03067856232)

 Ch 06: Conic Section
M.SALMAN SHERAZI (03337727666/03067856232)
Q. Answer the following SHORT QUESTIONS.
i. Write equation of the circle with centre (−3,5) and radius 7.
ii. Find equation of the circle with ends of a diameter at (−3,2) and (5, −6)
iii. Find the centre and radius of the circle with the given equation
4𝑥 2 + 4𝑦 2 − 8𝑥 + 12𝑦 − 25 = 0
iv. Find the length of the tangent from the point 𝑃(−5,10) to the circle
5𝑥 2 + 5𝑦 2 + 14𝑥 + 12𝑦 − 10 = 0
v. Define Hyperbola.
vi. Find the focus, vertex and directrix of the parabola of 𝑦 2 = −8(𝑥 − 3)
vii. Find the focus, vertex and directrix of the parabola of 𝑦 2 = 8𝑥
viii. Analyze the parabola 𝑥 2 = −16𝑦
ix. Write an equation of the parabola with given elements
𝐹𝑜𝑐𝑢𝑠 (−3,1); 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑥 = 3
x. Write an equation of the parabola with given elements 𝐴𝑥𝑖𝑠 𝑦 = 0, through
(2,1) and (11, −2)
xi. Find an equation of ellipse having centre at (0,0) , focus at (0, −3) and one-
vertex at (0,4).
xii. Find an equation of the ellipse with given data : vertices (0, ±5),
3
eccentricity .
5
xiii. Find an equation of the ellipse with given data: centre(0,0), focus (0, −3) ,
vertex (0,4).
xiv. Find the centre, foci , eccentricity of the ellipse whose equation is
25𝑥 2 + 9𝑦 2 = 225
xv. Find the centre, foci , eccentricity of the ellipse whose equation is
9𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 18
xvi. Discuss the hyperbola 25𝑥 2 − 16𝑦 2 = 400
xvii. Find an equation of the hyperbola with given data Foci (0, ±6), 𝑒 = 2
xviii. Find an equation of the hyperbola with given data Foci (±5,0), vertex (3,0)
xix. Find the centre, foci , eccentricity of the ellipse whose equation is
𝑥2 𝑦2
4
− 9
=1
xx. Find the centre, foci , eccentricity of the ellipse whose equation is
𝑥2 − 𝑦2 = 9
COMPOSED BY:- M.SALMAN SHERAZI (03337727666/03067856232)
 Ch 07: Vectors
M.SALMAN SHERAZI (03337727666/03067856232)
Q. Answer the following SHORT QUESTIONS.
i. Define Unit vector.
ii. Find the unit vector in the same direction as the vector 𝑣 = [3, −4]
iii. State Ratio formula.
iv. Find the magnitude of 𝑢 = 𝑖 + 𝑗
v. Find the vector from the point 𝐴 to the origin where 𝐴𝐵⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = 4𝑖 − 2𝑗 and B is
the point (−2,5).
√3 1
vi. Find the unit vector in the direction of 𝑣 = − 𝑖 − 𝑗
2 2
vii. ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗ = ⃗⃗⃗⃗⃗
If 𝐴𝐵 𝐶𝐷. Find the coordinates of the point 𝐴 when points 𝐵, 𝐶, 𝐷 are
(1,2), (−2,5), (4,11) respectively.
viii. Use vectors, to show that 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 is a || 𝑔𝑚 , when the points 𝐴, 𝐵 , 𝐶 and 𝐷 are
respectively (0,0), (𝑎, 0), (𝑏, 𝑐) and (𝑏 − 𝑎, 𝑐).
ix. Define Parallel vectors and Perpendicular (Orthogonal) vectors.
x. Find the magnitude and direction cosines of 𝑣 = 4𝑖 − 5𝑗
xi. Find 𝛼, so that |𝛼𝑖 + (𝛼 + 1)𝑗 + 2𝑘|.
xii. Find a vector whose magnitude is 2 and is parallel to −𝑖 + 𝑗 + 𝑘.
xiii. If 𝑢 = 2𝑖 + 3𝑗 + 4𝑘, 𝑣 = −𝑖 + 3𝑗 − 𝑘 and 𝑤 = 𝑖 + 6𝑗 + 𝑧𝑘 represent the sides of
a triangle. Find the value of 𝑧.
xiv. Find two vectors of length 2 parallel to the vector 𝑣 = 2𝑖 − 4𝑗 + 4𝑘.
xv. Find 𝑎 and 𝑏 so that the vectors 3𝑖 − 𝑗 + 4𝑘 and 𝑎𝑖 + 𝑏𝑗 − 2𝑘 are parallel.
xvi. Find the angle between the vectors 𝑢 = 2𝑖 − 𝑗 + 𝑘 and 𝑣 = −𝑖 + 𝑗.
xvii. Calculate the projection of 𝑎 = 𝑖 − 𝑘 along 𝑏 = 𝑗 + 𝑘.
xviii. Show that the set of the points 𝑃 = (1,3,2), 𝑄 = (4,1,4) and 𝑅 = (6,5,5) form a
right triangle.
xix. If 𝑣 is a vector for which 𝑣. 𝑖 = 0, 𝑣. 𝑗 = 0, 𝑣. 𝑘 = 0, find 𝑣.
xx. Find the area of triangle determined by the points
𝑃(0,0,0); 𝑄(2,3,2); 𝑅(−1,1,4)
xxi. Prove that: 𝑎 × (𝑏 + 𝑐) + 𝑏 × (𝑐 + 𝑎) + 𝑐 × (𝑎 + 𝑏) = 0
xxii. If 𝑎 × 𝑏 = 0 and 𝑎. 𝑏 = 0 , what conclusion can be drawn about 𝑎 or 𝑏?
xxiii. Find the volume of parallelepiped determined by
𝑢 = 𝑖 + 2𝑗 − 𝑘, 𝑣 = 𝑖 − 2𝑗 + 3𝑘, 𝑤 = 𝑖 − 7𝑗 − 4𝑘.
xxiv. Find the value of 2𝑖 × 2𝑗. 𝑘 and [𝑖 𝑖 𝑘]
xxv. Prove that 𝒖. (𝒗 × 𝒘) + 𝒗. (𝒘 × 𝒖) + 𝒘. (𝒖 × 𝒗) = 𝟑𝒖. (𝒗 × 𝒘)

COMPOSED BY:- M.SALMAN SHERAZI (03337727666/03067856232)

----------THE END--------
WITH BEST WISHES BY:-

MUHAMMAD SALMAN SHERAZI

03337727666/03067856232