03 KPI Definition

WCDMA RF Optimization: KPI Definition
Chapter 3
KPI Definition
Page 1
Contents
1. Principles of 3G Network Optimization ........................................................................................... 5

1.1. Optimization strategy ................................................................................................................. 5
1.2. KPI Definition & Principle .......................................................................................................... 7
1.2.1. Counter concepts ............................................................................................................... 7
1.2.2. TYPES OF KPIs ............................................................................................................... 10
1.2.3. KPI typical thresholds ...................................................................................................... 11
1.3. KPI Factors................................................................................................................................ 11
2. KPI Classification ............................................................................................................................. 13
2.1. Accessibility KPI ....................................................................................................................... 17
2.1.1. RAB Setup Success Rate ............................................................................................... 17
2.1.2. RRC Setup Success Rate ............................................................................................... 19
2.1.3. Call Setup Success Rate ................................................................................................ 21
2.1.4. HSDPA RAB Setup Success Ratio ............................................................................... 23
2.1.5. HSUPA RAB Setup Success Ratio ............................................................................... 23
2.2. Retainability ............................................................................................................................... 24
2.2.1. RAB Abnormal Release Rate ......................................................................................... 24
2.2.2. CS Service Drop Ratio .................................................................................................... 25
2.2.3. Drop Call Rate Speech (DCR Speech) ......................................................................... 25
2.2.4. Drop Call Rate PS (DCR PS) ......................................................................................... 27
2.2.5. Drop Call Rate PS HSDPA (DCR PS HSDPA) ........................................................... 28
2.2.6. HSUPA Service Drop Ratio ............................................................................................ 29
2.3. Mobility ....................................................................................................................................... 30
2.3.1. Soft Handover Success Rate ......................................................................................... 30
2.3.2. Softer Handover Success Ratio ..................................................................................... 32
2.3.3. IRAT Handover Success Rate Speech (IRAT Speech) ............................................. 32
2.3.4. Intra-frequency Hard Handover Success Ratio ........................................................... 34
2.3.5. Inter-frequency Hard Handover Success Ratio ........................................................... 35
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2.4. Integrity ...................................................................................................................................... 35

2.4.1. PS Interactive R99 User Throughput DL (User Throughput R99 DL) ...................... 35
2.4.2. PS Interactive HSDPA User Throughput (User Throughput HSDPA) ..................... 36
2.5. Availability .................................................................................................................................. 37
2.5.1. Iu Paging Congestion Ratio ............................................................................................ 37
2.5.2. Admission Refused Ratio.................................................................................................... 38
2.5.3. Congested Cell Ratio ....................................................................................................... 38
2.6. Usage ......................................................................................................................................... 38
2.6.1. HSDPA Mean UE Number .............................................................................................. 38
2.6.2. HSUPA Mean UE Number .............................................................................................. 39
2.6.3. UL Traffic of Typical Radio Bearers .............................................................................. 39
2.6.4. DL Traffic of Typical Radio Bearers .............................................................................. 39
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Introduction
With the development of the third generation wireless communication, WCDMA is coming
into the commercial phase in Europe, North America, Asia and Africa. Nowadays, dozens
of large-scale WCDMA networks are being operated in the world. Thousands of WCDMA
Node Bs have been deployed and installed. SO the WCDMA become the most widely
accepted standard of the third generation wireless communication in the world. As the
central issues for network operation, administration, maintenance, supervising of the
network performance and optimization should be comprehensive and scientific measured
and evaluated under a set of performance indicators.
As result in response to this demands Key Performance Indicators (KPI) are introduced
as a significant assessing criteria for network performance of wireless communication.
In order to specify and quantify the network performance and QoS for services, the TMF
(Tele Management Forum) introduce the KQI ((key Quality Indicator) / KPI (Key
Performance Indicator) architecture.
KPIs are defined through the definition and measurement of key parameters of input and
output of internal network system and/or maintenance & operation progress of enterprise.
KPIs are considered to be primary metrics to evaluate process performance as indicators

of quantitative management, and to measure progress toward enterprise goals. For
operators, competition in the liberalized telecommunications markets and the
requirements of customers for more complex services are leading to a greater emphasis
on the provision of efficient customer service.
The purpose of this document is to specify the RAN KPI definition as well as KPIs
classification.
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1. Principles of 3G Network Optimization

Introduction of the third generation cellular system will offer numerous possibilities for
operators. Already the introduction of GPRS into GSM networks is changing the operation
environment from circuit switched to the combination of real time and non-real time
services. The 3G traffic classes (conversational, interactive, streaming, background),
QoS provisioning mechanisms and possibility for customer differentiation, together with
the joint management and traffic sharing between 2G and 3G networks provide
challenging playground on one hand for vendors, and on the other hand for service
providers and network operators.
1.1. Optimization strategy
To be able to fully utilize the resources and to focus on the service provision rather than
trouble shooting, advanced analysis methods to for optimization process are required.
The high level description of the optimization cycle is depicted in the Figure below.
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Figure: Network optimization process cycle.
The process starts with the quality definition. The thresholds are then set for each related
key performance indicator (KPI). It is important to note that when setting the KPI targets,
the operator provides the tools for capacity-quality trade-off management.
Network performance data can be gathered from Network Management Systems (NMS),
drive tests, protocol analyzers and/or customer complaints. Network reporting tools
provide statistical and pre-analyzed information about the quality.
Based on the network configuration and status of the network, quality in detail is analyzed
and individual corrections are done iteratively by solving the individual parameters
affecting the reported quality. Finally, in addition to tuning single parameters, the general
solution has to be found.
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After the corrections have been implemented to the network, the quality cycle starts from
the beginning.
The selection of the data for performance analysis consists of two aspects. Firstly the
data is selected based on functional area (accessibility, reliability, traffic performance and
distributions), to mention a few examples. All these functional areas are targeted to offer
a picture of the end user perceived quality.
For getting an overall performance evaluation of the network the selection of the counters
and other performance indicators is different from those one would choose for
optimization or trouble shooting cases.
The optimization case is more focused and thus more problem specific indicators are
required. In addition, uplink and downlink are often analyzed separately. After the
optimization has been performed and the changes implemented in the network, it is
essential to check the function of the optimization target, but equally important it is to
derive the overall performance distribution and compare it to the pre-optimization case.
This is done to avoid the phenomenon, that optimization improves one subset of a
functional area, but drastically decreases the performance of some of the others.
1.2. KPI Definition & Principle
1.2.1. Counter concepts
The counters are triggered for each specific object according to well defined rules.
 Some counters are stepped by specific events (RAB establishment,

handover execution, dropped call). They are called PEG COUNTERS.
 Other counters are used to store a measurement results (e.g. the
number of simultaneous connections, the instantaneous power
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consumption, the interference value, etc). They include GAUGE,

ACCUMULATORS, PDF and DDM COUNTERS.
 Peg counter is a counter that is increased by +1 at each occurrence of a specific

activity. Almost 90% of counters are peg counters:
 Number of dropped connections for a specific RAB.

 Number of RAB establishment attempts and success.
 Number of handover attempts and success.
 Number of failures for a certain reason.
 Number of measurements above a certain threshold.
 Number of seconds a certain condition is met.
Figure: Peg counter
 Gauge counter is a counter that may be increased or decremented depending on

the activity in the system.
The gauge counters are in fact internal variables which value is constantly updated
by events or measurements. A typical example is the counter for the number of
active connections: it is constantly incremented by one for each new connection
establishment and decreased by one for each connection release. At the end of
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the ROP the gauge counter will contain the number of the active connection as a
final account of the situation.
Figure: Gauge Counter
 Accumulator counter is a counter that is increased by the value of a sample. It

indicates the total sum of all sample values taken during a certain time.
Each accumulator is normally associated with a specific peg counter (scan) that
counts the number of accumulations.
The aim of this couple of counters is to provide an average measurement of a
certain activity.
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1.2.2. TYPES OF KPIs
 Number of Events:
Simple events:
 Number of RAB establishments,

 Number of dropped calls,
 handovers attempts,
 radio blocks received,
 Traffic volumes [kbits].
 Rates
Success or Failure Rates:
 RAB Establishment Success Rate,

 Drop Call Rate,
 Handover Success Rate,
 Block Error Rate, etc...
The KPIs to be monitored for the RAN could be:
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 Cell availability.
 Call Setup Success Rate CSSR.
 Packet session setup success rate (NRT, HSDPA, and HSUPA).
 Call Drop rate.
 SHO / ISHO / HSPA serving cell change success rate.
1.2.3. KPI typical thresholds
The operator can define several KPIs thresholds:
 Blocking rate (for RRC 0.5%, RT RAB 1%, and NRT RAB 0.1%, and PS session
5%).
 Call drop rate (for RT RAB 0.5%, NRT RAB 2%).
 Handover success rate (for SHO 95%, for ISHO 80%).
1.3. KPI Factors
The network performances affected by many factors and network elements among them:
 Quality of network equipment, both hardware and software (BTS, RNC, PS and
CS core, transmission equipment).
 Quality of network planning and optimization (coverage, interference, parameter

tuning, capacity dimensioning, site acquisition).
 Performance of UE and field measurement tools (inter-operability, sensitivity of

measurement parameters, and level of accuracy).
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 Quality of network implementation (site and network equipment installation,

integration and commissioning).
 Quality of network operation and maintenance.
 Multi-vendor environment (application servers, IP backbone, core versus RAN).
 Measurement method (test setup, service dependency, cluster or system level,

clutter type).
Figure: Factors affecting KPIs
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2. KPI Classification
The Radio Access Network (RAN) Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) can be divided into
following classes, according to the IUT standard.
 Accessibility: The ability of a service to be obtained, within specified tolerances

and other given conditions, when requested by the user.
The main Key Performances indicators related to accessibility class are the
following:
 RRC Setup Success Ratio.

 RAB Setup Success Rate.
 CSSR : Call Setup Success Rate
 AMR RAB Setup Success Ratio.
 CS RAB Setup Success Ratio.
 PS RAB Setup Success Ratio.
 HSDPA RAB Setup Success Ratio.
 HSUPA RAB Setup Success Ratio.
 Retain-ability (Drop): The probability that a service, once obtained, will continue
to be provided under given conditions for a given time duration.
The main Key Performances indicators related to retainability class are the
following:
 CS Service Drop Ratio

 AMR Call Drop Ratio
 AMR Traffic Drop Ratio
 PS Service Drop Ratio
 HSDPA Service Drop Ratio
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 HSUPA Service Drop Ratio
Mobility: user capability to move through the network during the service utilization. The
main Key Performances indicators related to mobility class are the following:
 Soft Handover Success Ratio

 Softer Handover Success Ratio
 HS-DSCH Service Cell Change Success Ratio with SHO (HSDPA to
HSDPA)
 Channel Handover Success Ratio (HSDPA to DCH)
 Channel Handover Success Ratio (DCH to HSDPA)
 Intra-frequency Hard Handover Success Ratio
 Intra-frequency Hard Handover Success Ratio (HSDPA to HSDPA)
 Inter-frequency Hard Handover Success Ratio
 Inter-frequency Hard Handover Success Ratio (HSDPA to HSDPA)
 CS Inter-RAT Handover Success Ratio (WCDMA to GSM)
 PS Inter-RAT Handover Success Ratio (WCDMA to GPRS)
 PS Inter-RAT Handover Success Ratio (GPRS to WCDMA)
 HSDPA Inter-RAT Handover Success Ratio (WCDMA to GPRS)
 SRNC Relocation Success Ratio
 E-DCH Soft Handover Success Ratio
 E-DCH to DCH Handover Success Ratio (with Inter HHO)
 HSUPA Inter-RAT Handover Success Ratio (UTRAN to GPRS).
Figure: UE Mobility
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 Integrity (BLER): The degree to which a service is provided without excessive

impairments, once obtained.
The main Key Performances indicators related to integrity class are the following:
 PS Service UL Average Throughput

 PS Service DL Average Throughput
 Service UL Average BLER
 Availability: capability to keep network nodes working during the time. The
availability KPIs counts Cell Availability from network point of view. The main Key
Performances indicators related to availability class are the following:
 Worst Cell Ratio

 IU Paging Congestion Ratio
 Admission Refused Ratio
 Congested Cell Ratio
 Unserviceable Cell Ratio
 Average CPU Load.
Figure: Network Availability
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 Usage: Average number of used resources (radio links, RF power, codes …). The
main Key Performances indicators related to usage class are the following:
 CS Equivalent Erlang
 Average UL load.
 Average DL load.
 PS UL Throughput
 PS DL Throughput
 UL Traffic of Typical Radio Bearers
 DL Traffic of Typical Radio Bearers
 HSDPA Mean UE Number
 HSUPA Mean UE Number
Figure: KPIs Classification
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2.1. Accessibility KPI
The accessibility KPI is the ability of a user to obtain the requested service from the
system.
RRC connection and RAB setup are the main procedures of accessibility. These items
can be calculated per cell and per RNC, and the RNC level KPI is calculated by
aggregating all the cell counters that belong to the RNC.
2.1.1. RAB Setup Success Rate
 RAB setup
After the successful authentication and security procedures, the UE sends a call
control setup message to the MSC. The MSC verifies that the UE is authorized for the
requested services. If yes, the MSC starts a process to set up a bearer for the user
data (speech in this case). This is achieved by the MSC by sending an RAB
assignment request to the RNC. The MSC includes the RAB ID and the QoS
parameters to be set up. The RNC, on receiving this message, checks the resources
and sets up a bearer at Iu.
The actual bearers are set up by using the ALCAP in the Network Transport Layer.
The ALCAP procedures are not shown in the figure. The RNC in turn sets up a radio
bearer between the RNC and the UE by sending a radio bearer setup message. This
message contains the information on bearer allocation such as radio bearer identifier.
The UE responds with the radio bearer setup complete message. The RNC then
sends an RAB assignment response to the MSC. With this procedure successfully
executed, there exists a bearer to transport used data from the UE to the MSC.
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Figure: RAB establishment
 RAB Establishment Success Rate
The RAB establishment success rate KPI describes the ratio of all successful RAB
(Radio Access Radio) establishments to RAB establishment attempts for UTRAN network
and is used to evaluate service accessibility across UTRAN.
This KPI is obtained by the number of all successful RAB establishments divided by the
total number of attempted RAB establishments.
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Note: The RAB Establishment Success Rate Typical values > 99.6 %.
2.1.2. RRC Setup Success Rate
 RRC connection setup
The following Figure illustrates the interaction within UTRAN to establish an RRC
connection between the UE and the RNC. The process to set up a call begins with the
UE sending an RRC connection request over a CCCH (which is a RACH in the uplink
direction). This message contains several information elements, including IMSI or
TMSI, LAI, RAI, and the reason for requesting the RRC connection.
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Figure: RRC connection setup.
 RRC Connection Establishment Success Rate
The RRC connection establishment success rate KPI describes the ratio of all
successful RRC establishments to RRC establishment attempts for UTRAN network, and
is used to evaluate UTRAN and RNC or cell admission capacity for UE and/or system
load.
This KPI is obtained by the number of all successful RRC establishments divided by the
total number of attempted RRC establishments.
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2.1.3. Call Setup Success Rate
 Call Setup Sucess Rate CS: CSSR (CS)
The Call Setup Success Rate KPI was typically calculated by considering just 2 steps in
Call Establishment: RRC Connection Setup and RAB Establishment.
They are assumed to be independent processes, and therefore CSSR was hence
calculated as product of the Success Rates of each of these 2 phases.
Note: Both setup phases must be successful.
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The following figure illustrates the definition of call setup success rate definition (RRC
Setup success rate * RAB Setup success rate).
 Call Setup Success Rate PS (CSSR PS)
The Call Setup Success Rate PS (CSSR PS) is defined as the ratio of successful call
setups, divided by the total number of call setup attempts for packet calls. It is the
probability of successfully initiating a packet connection from an end user perspective and
includes the PDP context activation and bearer setup for the R99 service.
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CSSR PS measured by Drive tests, presents the proportion of packet interactive calls
which are successfully setup by the initiating party.
Calculated with Counter Statistics, CCSR PS is a product of RRC Accessibility PS and

RAB Accessibility PS within a cell or RNC.
2.1.4. HSDPA RAB Setup Success Ratio
This KPI can be used to evaluate the RAB setup success ratio of the PS service carried by HSDPA.
Table: HSDPA RAB Setup Success Ratio
2.1.5. HSUPA RAB Setup Success Ratio
This KPI can be used to evaluate the RAB setup success ratio of the HSUPA service.
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Table: HSUPA RAB Setup Success Ratio
2.2. Retainability
Retainability is defined as the ability of a user to retain its requested service for the desired
duration once connected. These items can be calculated per cell and per RNC. The RNC
level KPIs can be calculated by aggregating all the cell counters and Iur counters.
2.2.1. RAB Abnormal Release Rate
The RAB abnormal release rate KPI describes the ratio of number of RAB release
requests to number of the successful RAB establishments. This KPI reflects service
retainability across UTRAN.
This KPI is obtained by the number of RAB release requests divided by the number of
successful RAB establishments.
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2.2.2. CS Service Drop Ratio
This KPI can be used to evaluate the call drop ratio of the CS service in one RNC. The
call drop occurs due to RNC abnormal release trigged by RAB RELEASE REQUEST or
IU RELEASE REQUEST messages.
Table: CS Service Call Drop Ratio
2.2.3. Drop Call Rate Speech (DCR Speech)
The Drop Call Rate Speech (DCR Speech) is defined as the ratio of abnormal call
disconnections, divided by the total number of successful call setups for speech calls. It
is the probability of successfully holding and terminating a call once it has been
successfully initiated.
DCR Speech measured by Drive tests, presents the proportion of speech calls which are
successfully released after a specified holding time from when the call was successfully
setup.
Calculated with Counter Statistics, DCR Speech is the ratio of abnormally released calls
divided by the sum of the abnormally and normal released Speech RABs within a cell or
RNC.
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The following figure illustrates the different types of drop (soft and hard drop).
Figure: Drop types
Note: Possible causes for call drops are:
 Lack of coverage.
 Interference.
 SHO failure.
 Missing neighbor.
 Relocation failure.
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 Typical target for voice call drop rate 0.5%.

 CS call drop rate usually lower than PS one due to larger cell range and
bigger SHO overhead.
2.2.4. Drop Call Rate PS (DCR PS)
The Drop Call Rate PS (DCR PS) is defined as the ratio of abnormal call
disconnections, divided by the total number of successful call setups for packet
connections. It is the probability of successfully holding and then terminating a
packet connection from an end user perspective.
DCR PS R99 is independent of the throughput of any download or upload, either

HTTP or FTP or UDP. The KPI is the ability of the network to maintain a packet
radio access bearer independent of the user session on the bearer. Session errors
(caused by FTP problems, user aborted, etc) should not be counted unless the
radio access bearer is also abnormally released or there is an abnormal transition
to idle.
DCR PS measured by Drive tests, presents the proportion of PS radio bearers

which are held and normally released by the initiating party.
Calculated with Counter Statistics, DCR PS is the ratio of abnormally released calls
divided by the sum of the abnormally released and normal released for Packet
RABs within a cell or RNC.
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Note:
 Typical target for NRT call drop rate 2%
 PS call drop rate usually higher than CS one due to higher RSCP
requirements and lower SHO overhead
2.2.5. Drop Call Rate PS HSDPA (DCR PS HSDPA)
The Drop Call Rate PS HSDPA (DCR PS HSDPA) is defined as the ratio of
abnormal call disconnections, divided by the total number of successful call setups
for packet connections using a HSDPA radio bearer. It is the probability of
successfully holding and then terminating a R99 packet connection from an end
user perspective.
DCR PS HSDPA is independent of the throughput of any download, either HTTP

or FTP or UDP. The KPI is the ability of the network to maintain a packet radio
access bearer independent of the user session on the bearer. Session errors
(caused by FTP problems, user aborted, etc) should not be counted unless the
radio access bearer is also abnormally released or there is an abnormal transition
to idle.
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DCR PS HSDPA measured by Drive tests, presents the proportion of HSDPA radio
bearers which are held and normally released by the initiating party.
Calculated with Counter Statistics, DCR PS HSDPA is the ratio of abnormally

released calls divided by the sum of the abnormally released and normal released
within a cell or RNC while on a HSDPA radio bearer.
Note:
 Typical target for HSDPA drop rate 1%

 HSDPA usually more robust than R99 as more power available for the
radio link
2.2.6. HSUPA Service Drop Ratio
This KPI can be used to evaluate the call drop ratio of the PS service carried by HSUPA
in one cell. The call drop occurs due to RNC abnormal release trigged by RAB RELEASE
REQUEST or Iu RELEASE REQUEST messages.
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2.3. Mobility
2.3.1. Soft Handover Success Rate
The following Figure illustrates the interaction within UTRAN to update the Active Set List
during the Soft Handover process. The process begins with the UE sending an RRC
Measurement Report to the SRNC. This message contains several information, such as
the trigger events (Event 1A/1B/1C).
Figure: SHO messages flow
The Soft Handover Success Rate KPI describes the ratio of number of successful radio
link additions to the total number of radio link addition attempts.
This KPI is obtained by the number of successful radio link additions divided by the total
number of radio link addition attempts.
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Table: Soft Handover Success Ratio
Figure: SHO Success Rate
Note:
 Typical target for SHO success rate 95%.
 CS more robust against low coverage & quality at cell edge than PS.
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2.3.2. Softer Handover Success Ratio
The Softer Handover Success Rate KPI can be used to evaluate the softer handover
success ratio in one RNC.
Table: Softer Handover Success Ratio
2.3.3. IRAT Handover Success Rate Speech (IRAT Speech)
The following Figure illustrates the interaction within UTRAN during the Inter-Radio
Access technology process. The process begins with the UE sending an RRC
Measurement Report to the SRNC (Event 1F).
After that the User Equipment put into compressed mode, measuring the neighbor’s cells
Rxlev (RSSI) and sending measurement report to the SRNC. The SRNC verifies the cell
BSIC. If all conditions are fulfilled the SRNC triggers the relocation procedure.
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Figure: IRAT messages flow
The Inter Radio Access Technology Handover Success Rate for Speech (IRAT
Speech) is defined as the ratio of successful handovers to GSM over the number
of attempted handovers to GSM. It is the probability of successfully performing a
handover from WCDMA to GSM and continuing the call without end user
interruption.
IRAT Speech Handovers can be measured either by Drive tests or Statistics data
although due to difficulties in drive test collection, Statistics is recommended. In
the case of a drive test, a normal drive within the coverage area may not have
sufficient number of samples where IRAT handover is performed and it is
recommended that a separate drive route along the borders of the coverage be
covered.
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Calculated with Statistics, IRAT Speech is a ratio of the number of successful

Handovers over the number of attempted handovers. The counters are only
incremented if a GSM relation exists between the Target and the Source Cell
where the Source cell is the Best Cell in the Active Set. This can be aggregated to
Cell and RNC level.
Table: IRAT Handover Success Ratio
Note:
 Typical target for IRAT success rate 90%/for RT and 80% for NRT.
 CS more robust against low coverage & quality at cell edge than PS.
2.3.4. Intra-frequency Hard Handover Success Ratio
This KPI can be used to evaluate the intra-frequency hard handover success ratio in one
RNC.
Table: Intra-frequency Hard Handover Success Ratio
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2.3.5. Inter-frequency Hard Handover Success Ratio
This KPI can be used to evaluate the inter-frequency hard handover success ratio in one
RNC.
Table 1: Inter-frequency Hard Handover Success Ratio
2.4. Integrity
2.4.1. PS Interactive R99 User Throughput DL (User

Throughput R99 DL)
The Packet-Switched Interactive R99 User Throughput (User Throughput R99)

is the average user throughput for PS Data in Downlink evaluation (kbps) on a R99
DCH/FACH Radio Bearer. It includes user data but excluding retransmissions,
padding bits, data PDU headers and RLC control PDU's.
The most accurate method to measure User Throughput R99 is by Drive tests. The
download file size divided by the time to complete the download and then taken as
the indicator of user throughput. For high target throughput values, static tests are
preferred.
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Calculated with Counter Statistics, User Throughput R99 is a ratio of the sampled
RLC throughput measurements (including user data but excluding
retransmissions, padding bits, data PDU headers and RLC control PDU's) in
kbits/s divided by the number of times data was transmitted in the cell.
Table 1: PS Interactive R99 User Throughput DL
2.4.2. PS Interactive HSDPA User Throughput (User

Throughput HSDPA)
The PS Interactive HSDPA User Throughput (User Throughput HSDPA) is the

average user throughput for PS Data in Downlink or Uplink evaluation (kbps) on a
HSDPA Radio Bearer. It includes user data but excluding retransmissions, padding
bits, data PDU headers and RLC control PDU's.
The most accurate method to measure User Throughput HSDPA is by Drive tests.
The download file size divided by the time to complete the download and taken as
the indicator of user throughput. For high target throughput values, static tests are
preferred.
Calculated with Counter Statistics, User Throughput HSDPA is a ratio of the

sampled RLC throughput measurements (including user data but excluding
retransmissions, padding bits, data PDU headers and RLC control PDU's) in
kbits/s divided by the number of times data was transmitted in the cell.
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Table 1: PS Interactive HSDPA User Throughput
2.5. Availability
2.5.1. Iu Paging Congestion Ratio
This KPI can be used to evaluate the consumption of PCCH bandwidth on busy hour
within Iu interface.
Table 1: Iu Paging Congestion Ratio
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2.5.2. Admission Refused Ratio
This KPI can be used to evaluate the admission refused ratio of radio network at busy
hour in a cell.
2.5.3. Congested Cell Ratio
This KPI can be used to evaluate the utility ratio of radio network resources at busy hour
in one RNC.
TheNumberOfCongested CellsOnBus yHour

ICR   100%
TheTotalNu mberOfCellsInRNC
2.6. Usage
2.6.1. HSDPA Mean UE Number
This grouped KPIs can be used to evaluate the average DL traffic of the HSDPA service
at busy hour in one cell.
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2.6.2. HSUPA Mean UE Number
This KPI can be used to evaluate the average UL traffic of the HSUPA service at busy
hour in one cell.
2.6.3. UL Traffic of Typical Radio Bearers
This grouped KPIs can be used to evaluate the average UL traffic of typical radio bearers
at busy hour in one RNC, which means the traffics from different services are different
although they are in the same unit.
R99 NRT UL MAC- d Average Throughput at RNC 

 NRT_DCH_UL_DATA_VOL 8
1000  PERIOD_DURATION  60
2.6.4. DL Traffic of Typical Radio Bearers
This grouped KPIs can be used to evaluate the average DL traffic of typical radio bearers
at busy hour in one RNC, which means the traffics from different services are different
although they are in the same unit.
R99 NRT DL MAC- d Average Throughput at RNC 

 NRT_DCH_DL_DATA_VOL 8
1000  PERIOD_DURATION 60
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03 KPI Definition

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WCDMA RF Optimization: KPI Definition

1. Principles of 3G Network Optimization ........................................................................................... 5

2.4. Integrity ...................................................................................................................................... 35

KPIs are considered to be primary metrics to evaluate process performance as indicators

1. Principles of 3G Network Optimization

1.1. Optimization strategy

Figure: Network optimization process cycle.

1.2. KPI Definition & Principle

1.2.1. Counter concepts

 Some counters are stepped by specific events (RAB establishment,

consumption, the interference value, etc). They include GAUGE,

 Peg counter is a counter that is increased by +1 at each occurrence of a specific

 Number of dropped connections for a specific RAB.

Figure: Peg counter

 Gauge counter is a counter that may be increased or decremented depending on

Figure: Gauge Counter

 Accumulator counter is a counter that is increased by the value of a sample. It

1.2.2. TYPES OF KPIs

 Number of RAB establishments,

Success or Failure Rates:

 RAB Establishment Success Rate,

The KPIs to be monitored for the RAN could be:

1.2.3. KPI typical thresholds

The operator can define several KPIs thresholds:

1.3. KPI Factors

 Quality of network planning and optimization (coverage, interference, parameter

 Performance of UE and field measurement tools (inter-operability, sensitivity of

 Quality of network implementation (site and network equipment installation,

 Quality of network operation and maintenance.

 Multi-vendor environment (application servers, IP backbone, core versus RAN).

 Measurement method (test setup, service dependency, cluster or system level,

Figure: Factors affecting KPIs

 Accessibility: The ability of a service to be obtained, within specified tolerances

 RRC Setup Success Ratio.

 CS Service Drop Ratio

 HSUPA Service Drop Ratio

 Soft Handover Success Ratio

 Integrity (BLER): The degree to which a service is provided without excessive

 PS Service UL Average Throughput

 Worst Cell Ratio

Figure: Network Availability

Figure: KPIs Classification

2.1. Accessibility KPI

2.1.1. RAB Setup Success Rate

Figure: RAB establishment

 RAB Establishment Success Rate

2.1.2. RRC Setup Success Rate

 RRC connection setup

Figure: RRC connection setup.

 RRC Connection Establishment Success Rate

2.1.3. Call Setup Success Rate

 Call Setup Sucess Rate CS: CSSR (CS)

Note: Both setup phases must be successful.

 Call Setup Success Rate PS (CSSR PS)

Calculated with Counter Statistics, CCSR PS is a product of RRC Accessibility PS and

2.1.4. HSDPA RAB Setup Success Ratio

Table: HSDPA RAB Setup Success Ratio

2.1.5. HSUPA RAB Setup Success Ratio

Table: HSUPA RAB Setup Success Ratio

2.2.1. RAB Abnormal Release Rate

2.2.2. CS Service Drop Ratio

Table: CS Service Call Drop Ratio

2.2.3. Drop Call Rate Speech (DCR Speech)

Figure: Drop types