Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
Name: ____Key__________________________
Period: ______
1.01 Identify biological problems and questions that can be answered through scientific Investigations.
5. You have measured the rate at which a fish breaths at various temperatures by counting the rate at which its gills open.
The data is below. Graph this data.
An experiment was done that measured the Effects of Nitrates on the Growth of Algae. Growth of algae was determined
by how well the water transmitted light. The less the light transmission than the greater the algae growth blocking the
transmission of light.
13. Looking at the graph what conclusions can you draw about algae growth and nitrates in the water?
Nitrates increased algae growth over time.
2. What are the ways that living things get energy to live?
Eat other organisms, photosynthesis, and chemosynthesis
3. What are some of the ways that living things use energy?
Grow, reproduce, breathe, and maintain homeostasis
4. What are some ways that cells maintain homeostasis?
Osmosis, diffusion,
5. How do biological materials respond to acids and bases? What is a buffer?
They use buffers (which neutralize acids and bases) to maintain whatever pH is needed for that section of the
body
2.02 Investigate and describe the structure and function of cells including cell organelles, cell specialization, and
communication among cells within an organism.
The diagram below shows many proteins and other molecules embedded in a cell membrane.
12. Fill in this chart. Also give the letter or number of the part as seen in the diagrams below.
Cell Part and Letter Structure Description Function Letter/Number
Nucleus Big circular object in the cell. Contains a Control center of the cell A/6
nuclear membrane
Plasma Membrane Two layer of lipid that surround the cell Protects the cell, helps maintain K/11
homeostasis
Cell wall Thick structure that surrounds the plant Protection, maintain cell shape J
cell
Mitochondria Kidney bean shaped organelle Makes energy L/1
Chloroplasts Green, oval shaped organelle Creates energy from the sun (site of I
photosynthesis)
Ribosomes Small circle that can be found in the cell Site of protein synthesis M/13
or attached to the RER
___Lysosome________________
2.03 Investigate and analyze the cell as a living system including: maintenance of homeostasis, movement of
materials into and out of cells, and energy use and release in biochemical reactions.
16. Why did the large dark molecules NOT move to the left?
Because they were too large to move through the membrane
17. How is the semi-permeable membrane like a cell
membrane?
It only allows certain materials through
18. If the dark molecule is starch, where is the starch
concentration greatest (left or right)?
Right
Biology EOC Review
19. If the white molecule is water, where is the water concentration greatest at first?
Left
20. In osmosis, water moves from an area of _high______ to an area of __low___ concentration. (higher/lower)
21. If the dark molecules could move, in what direction would they move? Why?
To the left, because the concentration of dark molecules is lower to the left
22. In diffusion, molecules move from an area of _high____ to an area of _low_____ concentration. (higher/lower)
23. Which way water will move in each of the following situations:
a. Salt inside the cell 65% and outside the cell 40%. __water will move inside the cell_________
b. Sugar inside the cell 27% and outside 80%. _water will move outside the cell_________
28. How many phosphates? ATP? __3______ ADP? ____2___ AMP? ___1______
2.05 Investigate and analyze the bioenergetic reactions: aerobic respiration, anaerobic respiration, and
photosynthesis.
31. What are the reactants and products for each of these?
Process Reactant Product Example?
Photosynthesis Water, CO2 C6H12O6, O2
32. Which reaction makes the most ATP? ___Electron Transport Chain________ What gas is the final electron
acceptor? ___Oxygen_____
Biology EOC Review
33. How do factors such as pH, temperature, light and food availability affect these reactions?
If any one of these is too high or low neither one will work properly.
34. Label the following molecules in these equations (water, glucose, oxygen, carbon dioxide,)
A)
Water carbon dioxide glucose oxygen
B) + +
Glucose oxygen carbon dioxide water
35. Which of the above reactions is photosynthesis? (A or B) __A______
36. Which of the above reactions is cellular respiration (aerobic)? (A or B?) ___B_____
3.01: Analyze the molecular basis of heredity including: DNA replication, Protein Synthesis (transcription and
translation), and gene regulation.
1. Below is a strand of DNA. DNA in the cells exists as a double helix – what needs to be added to it to make it a double
helix? Give the complementary nucleotide sequence. _C, T, G, G, C, T____ ______ ______ ______
2. Describe the structure of DNA. What are the black pentagons? _Deoxyribose sugar____ What are the nitrogen
bases? _ATCG_______ What weak bonds hold the complementary
bases together? ___Hydrogen_____________________
Biology EOC Review
3. If the strand of DNA above undergoes transcription, what will the sequence of the mRNA be?
___CUGGCU____________
4. After translation, what would the amino acid sequence be for this section of mRNA? (read from right to left)
_____Ser - Val__________________________________________
RNA DNA
Sugars Ribose Deoxyribose
Bases ATCG AUCG
Strands One Two
Where Nucleus and cytoplasm Nucleus
In Cell
Function Transcribe and translate Carries genetic information
DNA
7. What kind of bond holds the amino acids together in the protein that is formed? __peptide__________________
8. What are the three types of RNA and what are their functions?
9. What kind of weak bonds hold the two strands of DNA together? ___hydrogen_________________________
10. Why is it important that these bonds be weak?
So they can separate easily for replication and transcription
11. Describe the process of DNA replication. What enzyme breaks apart the hydrogen bonds between bases? _DNA
helicase unzips DNA and free bases attach to
the exposed bases____________
How many pieces of DNA are made? _2 – each
contains 1 new and 1 old strand_________
RNA - proteins
Biology EOC Review
17. How does this affect the structure and shape of the resulting protein? ___the protein will be messed up so it may not
work correctly._
Cell Cycle
Look at the diagram of the cell cycle.
18. When does the replication of DNA occur? What is this phase called?
S phase - synthesis
20. What stage does the cell spend most of its life in? _interphase_____________
What does the cell do during this time? Grow and replicate DNA
25. How many chromosomes do humans have in their… Body cells? __46___ Sex cells? __23_______
26. What does Diploid mean? The full possible number of chromosomes
28. When does crossing over occur during Meiosis? _prophase I_______________
30. What is the major focus of Meiosis II? __halving the chromosome number___________________________
3.03 Interpret and predict patterns of inheritance: (dominant, recessive and intermediate traits, multiple alleles,
polygenic traits, sex-linked traits, independent assortment, test cross, pedigrees, and Punnett squares)
31. What does it mean when a trait is dominant? ___It expresses itself over others______________ Letters? __TT___
32. What does it mean when a trait is recessive? ___It can ‘hide’ for generations if it is overridden by a dominant
trait______ Letters? __tt_____
33. In the Punnett square to the left, T = tall and t=short. Give the parents genotypes.
Tt
34. Give the phenotype for the parents.
Tall
35. What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring?
TT – tall, Tt – tall, tt - short
36. What is the genotypic ratio of the offspring?
1:2:1
37. What is the phenotypic ratio of the offspring?
3:1
38. What does it mean to have multiple alleles? _Several locations on the gene that codes for a trait_____
Sex Chromosomes
39. What are the sex chromosomes in males? ____XY______________ In Females? ______XX_____________
Biology EOC Review
Pedigrees
40. What is the inheritance pattern shown by this pedigree?
Recessive
41. How do you know?
It skips a generation
Test Cross
44. Describe the test cross that a farmer would use to determine the genotype of an animal that shows a dominant trait.
Use the following Punnett squares and the letters A and a to explain your answer.
Mendel’s Laws
46. Double check your learning, solve the following genetics problem:
A brown mink crossed with a silverblue mink produced all brown offspring. When these F1 mink were crossed among
themselves they produced 47 brown animals and 15 silverblue animals (F2 generation). Determine all the genotypes and
phenotypes, and their relative ratios, in the F1 and F2 generations.
3.05 Examine the development of the theory of evolution by natural selection including: development of the
theory, the origin and history of life, fossil and biochemical evidence, mechanisms of evolution, and applications
(pesticide and antibiotic resistance).
47. In the following chart, describe the role of each of the following in developing the current theory of evolution.
Patterns in fossil evidence What organisms existed eons ago and how they are similar to today’s organisms
Lamarck’s ideas about inheritance Use or don’t use a trait does it get passed on?
Of acquired characteristics
Biology EOC Review
Biochemical comparisons How DNA patterns are similar
(DNA and proteins)
The role of variations Genetic mutations cause evolution
The role of geographic isolation Species may evolve differently than other because they cannot interbreed
The importance of the Factors can hinder or help evolution (weather patterns, temperature variations,
environment rainfall amount, etc)
4.01 Analyze the classification of organisms according to their evolutionary relationships. (Historical development
and changing nature of classification systems, similarities and differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic
organisms, similarities and differences among the eukaryotic kingdoms, classifying organisms using a key)
1. In the times of Linnaeus, he used _____________________________ to classify organisms. In the time of technology,
now we mostly use _________________________________ to classify organisms.
Use the following key to identify the tree branch to the left.
1. a. leaf is needle-like….go to 2
b. leaf is broad……… go to 5
2. a. needles are short ....go to 3
b. needles are long…...go to 4
3. a. underside of needles green…hemlock
b. underside of needles silver ..balsam 11. What am I?
4. a. 3 needles in bundle….pitch pine ___pitch pine______________
b. 5 needles in bundle….white pine
5. a. edge of leaf round…go to 6
b. edge of leaf serrated…go to 7
6. a. minty odor…… wintergreen
b. no minty odor…..laurel
1. How do organisms, species, populations, communities, ecosystems and biomes relate to each other?
Organisms make up a species, which makes up a population, which makes up a community. Communities are in
an ecosystem and multiple ecosystems make a biome.
Commensalism One benefits the other is neither harmed or Spanish moss on trees
benefited
Parasitism One benefits the other is harmed Ticks on a deer
Predator-Prey Relationships
4. In the graph below, which organism is the prey? ___Hares________ Which is the predator? __Foxes__________
5. Which population increases (or falls) first and why? Hares, because the foxes’ population is low and not able to eat as
many hares
6. Which population increases (or falls) second and why? Foxes, with the increased prey have more to eat, which means
they will be more reproductively successful
7. Why are predator/prey relationships important in an ecosystem? (Consider population dynamics in your answer.)
Prey eat many of the plants and possible other animals in an ecosystem. Without them kept in check by the
predators they could destroy the habitat for others
5.02 Analyze the flow of energy and the cycling of matter in the ecosystem (relationship of the carbon cycle to
photosynthesis and respiration and trophic levels – direction and efficiency of energy transfer).
20. Which process(es) put carbon dioxide into the atmosphere? ____combustion, cellular respiration__________
21. Which process(es) take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere? ___photosynthesis___________________________
Biology EOC Review
22. How does photosynthesis and cell respiration relate to Carbon cycle?
Cellular respiration puts carbon into the atmosphere, photosynthesis takes it out.
23. Explain the Greenhouse Effect in relationship to carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.
Too much carbon blocks the heat and sun’s rays from leaving earth, thus heating it up
24. What effect might increased atmospheric carbon dioxide have on the environment?
It could change the weather patterns and oceans currents, thus changing the biomes
Food Webs
26. What are the producers in this food web?
Blossoms, nuts, bark, leaves
27. What are the primary consumers (herbivores)
in this food web?
Bees, mice, deer, rabbit, insects
28. What are the secondary consumers in this food
web?
Bear, wolf, toad, red fox, birds
29. What are the highest level consumers in this
food web?
bear
30. How does energy move through a food web?
It decreases as the levels increase
31. How does matter move through a food web?
It moves up the food web
32. What is a food chain? Give an example of one
from this food web.
A part of a food web: blossoms, bees and
bear
33. Create an energy pyramid from the food chain:
leavesinsectsbirdsredfoxbear
Foaming Spuds
Mike and Kelsey were studying how hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in cells breaks down to form water and
oxygen. When this reaction happens, bubbles of oxygen gas are released, producing foam. This reaction is
described as follows:
A protein named catalase, found in all cells including potatoes, increases the rate of this reaction. Mike and
Kelsey used potato juice as the source of catalase to do the following controlled experiment.
Question: What is the effect of the acidity of potato juice on the volume of foam produced when hydrogen
peroxide is added to potato juice?
Prediction: As the acidity of potato juice decreases (higher pH), the volume of foam will increase.
Materials:
graduated cylinders labeled pH 6, pH 7, pH 8, and
pH 9
potato juice from the same potato,
divided and adjusted to four acidities:
pH 6, pH 7, pH 8, and pH 9
hydrogen peroxide ( H2O2)
beaker
stopwatch
stirring rods
thermometer
Procedure:
1. Label four graduated cylinders, one for each acidity.
2. Put 10 milliliters of potato juice at pH 6 in the appropriately labeled cylinder.
3. Do the same for each of the other cylinders.
4. Monitor the room temperature to make sure the temperature remains the same throughout
the investigation.
5. Add 5 milliliters of hydrogen peroxide to each graduated cylinder, stir for two seconds. Wait
three minutes.
6. Measure and record the volume of foam in each graduated cylinder as Trial 1.
7. Clean all graduated cylinders and stirring rods.
8. Repeat steps 1 through 7 two times for Trials 2 and 3.
9. Calculate and record the average volume of foam for each acidity of potato juice.
Biology EOC Review
Data:
Acidity of
Acidity of Volume of Foam Potato
Potato Juice (Milliliters) Juice vs.
(pH) Trial 1 Trial 2 Trial 3 Average Volume of
6 22 25 25 24 Foam
7 32 38 36 35
8 41 42 42 42 1. Write a
9 32 29 30 30 conclusion
for this
controlled experiment. In your conclusion, be sure to:
Answer the experimental question.
Include supporting data from the Acidity of Potato Juice vs. Volume of Foam table.
Explain how these data support your conclusion.
Provide a scientific explanation for the trend in the data.
Question: What is the effect of the acidity of potato juice on the volume of foam
produced when hydrogen peroxide is added to potato juice?
Conclusion:
Biology EOC Review
2. How could Mike and Kelsey be more certain the results of their experiment are reliable?
3. What did Mike and Kelsey do to make the results of their experiment valid?
a. Recorded the volume of foam in milliliters.
b. Calculated the average volume of foam for each acidity.
c. Measured the volume of foam at each acidity three times.
d. Waited three minutes before measuring the volume of foam.
6. Now plan a NEW controlled experiment to answer the question in the box. You may use any materials and
equipment in your procedure.
Question: What is the effect of the temperature of potato juice on the time for
bubbling to stop after the hydrogen peroxide is added?
Procedure:
Biology EOC Review
YSC: In complex systems, entirely new and unpredictable properties may emerge. Consequently, modeling a
complex system in sufficient detail to make reliable predictions may not be possible.
Create a simplified model of a complex system. Trace the possible consequences of a change in one part of the
system and explain how the simplified model may not be adequate to reliably predict consequences.
While helping to plant a school garden, Becky and Juan observed many
different types of plants. They drew the following diagram of a green
pepper plant growing in the garden.
Becky and Juan used a greenhouse as a model of a garden ecosystem to
predict effects of amount of sunlight on green pepper production in a
garden ecosystem.
One Way:
Another Way:
APPB: The technological design process begins by defining a problem in terms of criteria and constraints,
conducting research, and generating several different solutions.
Biology EOC Review
José and Tasha noticed last year the blueberry plants in their neighborhood garden had many flowers, but
produced only three kilograms of berries. They wanted to change the garden so the blueberry plants would
produce more blueberries this summer. While making the changes to the garden, José and Tasha documented
the stages of their design process as follows.
Problem: Change the neighborhood garden so the existing blueberry plants will produce more blueberries.
Research the Problem: Research what blueberry plants need to grow, be healthy, and produce berries.
Explore Ideas:
√ Add a layer of bark to the garden so the soil can hold more water.
√Water the plants at night so the water will evaporate more slowly.
√ Add fertilizer to increase the mineral nutrients in the soil.
√ Add flowers like lavender, roses, or pansies.
√ Put a bee house near the plants.
Plan Summary: Add a bee house and some lavender plants to the neighborhood garden to attract more bees to
the blueberry plants.
Steps to Do the Plan:
1. Put a bee house in the middle of the blueberry plants.
2. Plant lavender plants around the edge of the blueberry plants.
3. Water the garden every day.
4. Remove the weeds in the garden every week.
Diagram of Solution:
Biology EOC Review
Test Solution: Measure and record the mass of all the blueberries harvested this year. Compare the mass of the
blueberries this year to the mass of the blueberries last year.
Test Results: Ten kilograms of blueberries were harvested, which is seven kilograms more than last year.
Jose and Tasha want to improve the soil in the garden by increasing the population of worms in the soil.
Describe how to begin solving this problem.
Be sure to describe the following stages in your design process:
Research the Problem: Describe any scientific information needed to solve the problem and how to
collect that information.
Explore Ideas: Describe several possible solutions to the problem, including any useful scientific
concepts.
Explore Ideas: