4.

Conclusions

The análisis of the data obtained by the set of equations that influenced to determine the
hydraulic parameters present in a scaled model to a real object or prototype base don the laws
of similarity that occurs in a mountain river were th following.

It was established that for a slope of 1% in geometric similarity, considering this as the
longitudinal dimensions of the of the model presented results and equal to a 5% slope of the
physical model, conditioned the Flow Depth of 5 cm for those of the model, having as the
máximum height of the channel in the laboratory of 10 cm

It was determined that the average diameter of the particle for a slope between 1% and 5% in
th physical model is 2 mm equivalent to 100mm for mountain rivers.

The results indicated that for a slope of 1% and 5% corresponds to a Flow between 8.06l/s and
17.95l/s in the prototype, and for a physical model represents a Flow rate of 141.96m3/s and
317.36m3/s present in the mountain river.

In the Flow similarity it was observed: the Reynols condition of the particle for the two
physical-prototype model systems when evaluating the slopes of 1% and 5% was greater than
70 wich leads to a turbulent Flow over rough contour

It is a fluvial model with a mobile bottom because it fulfills the parameter for the influence of
the densimetric Froude number of the particles in sediment transport evaluated by the Meyer
Peter and Muller criterion, which corresponds to a semiempirical equation to quantify the drag
that in its dimensionless value must be higher than 0.047
3. Results.

Then obtained for the conditions evaluated in the complete similarity of the system are
presented below: model (‘)-prototype(‘’) with sopes of 1% and 5%.

Considerations were obtained under conditions of similarity, geometry, similarity of Flow and
similarity of sediment transport.

3.1. Geometric similarity for the slope of the bottom of 1% and 5% in the model and prototype

Table 1. Results of geometric similarity S0= 1% y 5% in the model y prototype

For Model (’’) For Prototype (’)

Variable Symbolo Unity Value Symbolo Unity Value

Base B'' cm 20 B' m 10

Length L'' cm 150 L' m 75

Depth of flow Y'' cm 5 Y' m 2,5

Average diameter of dm'' cm 0,02 m 0,01

the particles dm'

Embankment z'' - 0 z' - 0

Wet area A'' cm2 100 A' m2 25

Perímetro Mojado P'' cm 30 P' m 15

Radio Hidráulico R'' cm 3,33 R' m 1,67

3.2 Similarity of flow for the slope of the bottom of 1% in the model and prototype

Table 2. Results of similarity of flow S0= 1% in the model y prototype

For Model (’’) For Prototype (’)

Variable Symbolo Unity Value Symbolo Unity Value

Cutting speed Uo'' cm/s 5,71 Uo' m/s 0,41

Chezy coefficient Co'' - 14,05 Co' - 14,05

Flow speed V'' cm/s 80,23 V' m/s 5,69

Froude condition F'' - 1,28 F' - 1,28

Reynolds condition of the Re'' - 11295,75 Re' - 40059,35

particle
Friction condition f'' - 0,63 f' - 0,63

flow Q'' cm3/s 8060 Q' m3/s 141,96

3.3 Similarity of flow for the slope of the bottom of 5% in the model and prototype Tabla 3.
Table 3. Results of similarity of flow S0= 5% in the model y prototype
Para Modelo (’’) Para prototipo (’)

Variable Símbolo Unidad Valor Símbolo Unidad Valor

Cutting speed Uo'' cm/s 12,77 Uo' m/s 0,905

Chezy coefficient Co'' - 14,05 Co' - 14,05

Flow speed V'' cm/s 179,42 V' m/s 12,72

Froude condition F'' - 2,87 F' - 2,87

Reynolds condition of the Re'' - 25262,12 Re' - 89515,33

particle
Friction condition f'' - 0,63 f' - 0,63

flow Q'' cm3/s 17950 Q' m3/s 317,36

2. Materiales y métodos

2.1 Scale selection

Linear flow scales are mainly determined accordding to several practical aspects, such as
sufficient accuracy in the measurement of wáter levels without exceeding the tolerant limits of
the distortion and complying with the similarity of the Froude (1)

It was chosen taking in to account the aforementioned criterio a scale 1:50 according to what
is established in the book (1) which was handled in the different geometric similarity
calculations working a model without distortion

2.3 Similarity of flow

In the literature it is posible to find the development of different channel systems or the study
of the physical phenomena that intervene in the flow of water through the channels, all this
for the optimization of resources (8)

When performing hydraulic modeling, it must be guaranteed that certain characteristics are
met so that the results have a low leve lof uncertainty and are reliable when using those data
for engineering design.

According to (1) the same conditions of the prototype must be met in terms of Froude,
Reynolds.

Cutting speed (Uo)

The cutting speed was determined according to the following equation

(𝑅) 1
𝑈0 = (9,8 ∗ ∗ (𝑆0 ))2 ∗ 100
100
Adimensional Chezy Coefficient (Co)
The dimensionless coefficient of Chezy indicates the friction in a channel as a relation of the
local equation of Pranton on the total Depth Yo, which as follows

(Y)
(Co) = 2,5 In ( dm ) + 6
10
Flow speed (V)

It was calculated from the following equation:

(𝑉) = (𝑈𝑜) ∗ (𝐶𝑜)

Condition Froude (F)

The flows in the free Surface are scaled with the similarity of Froude keeping it identical both
in the model and in the prototype (9) it was calculated according to the following formula:
(V)
(F)= 𝑔∗(A)
1
( (B)+2∗(Z)+(Y))2

Reynolds condition of the particle (Re)

It was calculated from the following equation:

(dm)
(U0 )∗
10
(Re) = (ⱱ)
Flow (Q)

According to (5) it was calculated from the following equation

𝑄 =𝑉∗𝐴
2.4 Similarity of sediment transport

According to (10) the hydraulic roughness coefficient is a measure of the resistance to flow,
created by a material, for the present case according to what was proposed by (5) an
approximate roughness coefficient was estimated for mountain rivers. The sediment
characteristics of the model (‘’) to be implemented that meet conditions of the prototype (‘)
are defined. Movable bed hydraulic models usually require empirical relationships for defining
the terms of interaction with ehr mobile layer of the sediment (11)

For the transport of material from the bed, the number of densimetric Froude of the particle is
analyzed as a parameter regulating he transporto f solids (12) .the sediment characteristic of
the model (‘’) to be implementented that meet the conditions of the prototype (‘) are defind.

In this condition the modelo f the ser of sediment particles is related base don the criterion of
Meyer-Peter and Muller (1998): it is empirical equation obtained from a laboratory test (13),
considered as follows: Since 𝜏∗ is the dimensionaless Densimetric Froude Number that is
calculated in the following way:
𝑌∗𝑠 𝜌𝑠
𝜏∗ = Donde Δ= 𝜌
-1
Δ∗dm

To determine a fluvial modelo f mobile working background according to a semi-empirical

equation to quantify the drag in its dimensionaless value must be higher than 0.047 according
to the Criterion of Meyer-Peter and Muller (1998)