FRESH CONCRETE PROPERTIES

SIGNIFICANCE
The first 48 hours are very important for the
performance of the concrete structure.

It controls the long-term behaviour, , creep, and

durability.
 WORKABILITY
FIRST SECOND THIRD
LEVEL LEVEL LEVEL

Based on Empirical Based

Based on
Subjective Tests on
Assessment Ex :- Slump Test. Fundamental
Physical
Quantities.
Workability tests are typically empirical Tests …

Difficult to compare results from one test to

another.

Multiple tests needed to describe different

aspects of workability
Rheology provides a fundamental measurement
 PROPERTIES OF FRESH
CONCRETE
 Workability .

 Segregation/Bleeding.
 WORKABILITY
A concrete mix satisfying these following conditions is
said to be workable.

 When it is easily placed.

 Compacted homogeneously without bleeding or

Segregation.
 FACTORS AFFECTING
WORKABILITY
Water content.
Amount of cement & its Properties
Aggregate Grading (Size Distribution)
Nature of Aggregate Particles
Temperature of the concrete mix
Humidity of the environment
Mode of compaction
Method of placement of concrete
Method of transmission of concrete
 WORKABILITY
It is determined to a large
extent by measuring the
“consistency” of the mix.
 CONSISTENCY
 Fluidity or degree of wetness of concrete.

 Major factor in Indicating the workability of

freshly mixed concrete
3 WAYS TO DETERMINE
CONSISTENCY OF FRESH
CONCRETE
Slump Test

Consistency
Tests

Ball penetration
Flow Test test
 CONSISTENCY
Test methods for measuring consistency are:

 Slump test (Most widely used test!)

 Flow test → Measures the amount of flow.

 Kelly-Ball test → Measures the amount of

penetration.
 SLUMP TEST

1) Definition 5) Precautions

2) Principle 6) Types Of Slump

3) Apparatus 7) Uses

4) Procedure 8) Difference in Standards

 SLUMP TEST
Slump Test is related with the ease with which
concrete flows during placement (TS 2871, ASTM C
143)
 SLUMP TEST
Apparatus

 Slump cone : frustum of a cone, 300 mm (12 in) of

height. The base is 200 mm (8in) in diameter and it
has a smaller opening at the top of 100 mm

Scale for measurement,

Temping rod(steel) 15mm diameter, 60cm length.

 The slump cone is filled in 3 layers. Every layer
is evenly rodded 25 times.

Measure the slump by determining the vertical difference between

the top of the mold and the displaced original center of the top
surface of the specimen.
Types of Slump
 DESCRIPTION OF WORKABILITY
AND MAGNITUDE OF SLUMP:
Description of workability Slump (mm)
No slump 0
Very low 5-10
Low 15-30
Medium 35-75
High 80-155
Very high 160 to collapse
FLOW TEST
Definition

Equipment

Conducting
 FLOW TEST
Equipment

1. Flow table with a grip and a hinge, 70 cm x 70

cm.
2. Abrams cone, open at the top and at the
bottom - 30 cm high, 17 cm top diameter, 25
cm base diameter
3. Water bucket and broom for wetting the flow
table.
4. Tamping rod, 60 cm height
5. Scale for measurement
 FLOW TEST
Equipment
FLOW TEST
 FLOW TEST

Percent of
0 – 20 % 20 – 60 % 60 – 100 % 100 – 120 % 120 – 150 %
Flow

Consistency Dry Stiff Plastic Wet Sloppy

COMPACTING FACTOR
TEST
 COMPACTING FACTOR
TEST
Introduction
 It measures the degree of compaction

The test require measurement of the weight of

the partially and fully compacted concrete and
the ratio the partially compacted weight to the
fully compacted weight,

For the normal range of concrete the compacting

factor lies between 0.8 - 0.92
 COMPACTING FACTOR
TEST
Apparatus
Trowels

Hand Scoop (15.2 cm long)

Rod of steel or other suitable

material (1.6 cm diameter, 61
cm long rounded at one end ).

 Balance.
 COMPACTING FACTOR
TEST
Workability Slump (mm) C.F Uses

Very Low 0 - 25 0.78 Roads - Pavements

Low 25 - 50 0.85 Foundations Concrete

Medium 25 - 100 0.92 Reinforced Concrete

Reinforced Concrete
High 100 - 175 0.95 (High Reinforcement)
VEBE TEST
 VEBE TEST
Definition

It is based on measuring the time Called VEBE

time.

The more VEBE time needed the less workable

the mix is.

This method is very useful for stiff mixes

 VEBE TEST
Apparatus

Cylindrical container with diameter = 240 mm,

and height = 200 mm
Mold: the same mold used in the slump test.
Disc : A transparent horizontal disc attached to a
rod which slides vertically
Vibrating Table : 380*260 mm, supported by four
rubber shock absorbers
Tamping Rod
Stop watch
VEBE TEST
 VEBE TEST
The test fails if VeBe Time is less than 5 seconds ..
And the test must be created when no collapse or
shears slump in concrete.
 SEGREGATION
 Segregation: Due to gravity. Typical of dry mixes.
CONTI…
TO AVOID SEGREGATION
If placing concrete straight from a truck, pour vertically
and never let the concrete fall more than one-and-a-
half meters.
CONTI…
TO AVOID SEGREGATION
 BLEEDING
Bleeding : Water rising to the surface. Typical of wet
mixes.

Causes :-

 Improper slump

 Excessive amount of coarse aggregate

Inappropriate placing and compacting

BLEEDING
 CONTROL OF BLEEDING

Reduction of water

Introduction of fines and air.

Proper Compaction