GAMILLA, KRISTOFER A.

23/11/2018
A45 Sir. RENATO BATARA

SAILING DIRECTIONS
SAILING DIRECTIONS are the indispensable companions to charts.
Sailing Directions is a great tool for planning and assisting in navigation
because they provide information that cannot be shown on a chart.
Is the planned track following recommended routes?
Is the plan following local regulations?
Are all potential hazards known?

ADMIRALTY Sailing Directions (Pilots) provide essential information to

support port entry and coastal navigation for all classes of ships at sea.
Split across 76 volumes, coverage includes the world’s main
commercial shipping routes and ports.

Each volume of Sailing Directions offers:

 Information on navigational hazards, buoyage, pilotage, regulations, general notes on countries, port
facilities, seasonal currents, ice and climatic conditions. This information, when used alongside official
ADMIRALTY charts, can help to increase situational awareness on the bridge.

 High quality diagrams and photography to help bridge-crews understand critical information during the
passage planning stage.

 Worldwide official coverage to support safe and compliant navigation within main commercial shipping
routes and ports. This coverage is split across 76 volumes for purchase flexibility.

Tidal Atlas/Tables
Have the stream strength and directions been discussed?
Have the tidal heights been discussed?

ADMIRALTY Tide Tables contain easy-touse height, timing and tidal

stream information to support the planning of departure and arrival
times. Coverage includes 500 standard and 5,700 secondary ports in
the UK and Ireland, Europe, the Indian Ocean, South China Sea and
Pacific Ocean.

Each volume of Tide Tables includes:

 Daily high and low-water times and heights for standard ports, time and height differences for
secondary ports and harmonic constants for all ports where they are known

 Methods of prediction and information about the effects of meteorological conditions on tides

 Additional information on exceptional tidal factors provided for each area

LIST OF RADIO SIGNALS

Where is the pilot boarding area?
Are VHF Port working channels and procedures noted?
Where are the required calling in points?

ADMIRALTY List of Radio Signals provides information on all aspects of

Maritime Radio Communications, helping bridge crews to manage
communications and comply with all reporting regulations
throughout a voyage.

For clarity and convenience, this publication is split across six volumes;
with contents ranging from Maritime Radio Station listings to
Maritime Safety Information Services worldwide. You can find full
details on the contents of each volume and its corresponding parts
below.

Volume 1 (NP281) - Maritime Radio Stations (Parts 1 & 2)

 Split across two publications, Volume 1 includes radio details for:

 Global Maritime Communications

 Satellite Communication Services

 Coastguard Communications
 Maritime TeleMedical Assistance Service (TMAS)

 Radio Quarantine and Pollution reports

 Anti-Piracy Contact Table

Volume 2 (NP282) - Radio Aids to Navigation, Differential GPS (DGPS), Legal Time, Radio Time Signals and
Electronic Position Fixing System (Parts 1 & 2)

 Split across two publications, Volume 2 includes radio details for:

 Listing of VHF Radio Direction-Finding Stations

 Radar Beacons (Racons and Ramarks)

 Known operational Automatic Identification System (AIS)

 Aids to Navigation (AtoN)

 Radio beacons transmitting DGPS corrections

 International Standard and Daylight Saving Times and Dates

 International Radio Time Signal Broadcast details

Volume 3 (NP283) - Maritime Safety Information Services (Parts 1 & 2)

 Split across two publications, Volume 3 includes radio details for:

 Maritime Weather Services

 Safety Information broadcasts

 Worldwide NAVTEX and SafetyNET information

 Submarine and Gunnery Warning details (Subfacts and Gunfacts)

 Radio-Facsimile Stations, frequencies and weather map areas

Volume 4 (NP284) - Meteorological Observation Stations

 This volume includes:

 All Met Observation Stations listed worldwide

Volume 5 (NP285) - Global Maritime Distress and Safety System (GMDSS)

 This volume includes:

 Worldwide communication requirements for distress, search and rescue

 Extracts from SOLAS and ITU Regulations

 Distress and SAR (incorporating MRCC and MRSC contacts)

 Worldwide NAVTEX and Maritime Safety Information

Volume 6 (NP286) - Pilot Services, Vessel Traffic Services and Port Operations (Parts 1 - 8)

 Split across eight publications, Volume 6 includes radio details for:

 Detailed Pilot information, contact details and procedures

 Vessel Traffic Service information, contact details and procedures

 National and International Ship Reporting Systems

 Port information, contact details and procedures

LIST OF LIGHTS AND FOG SIGNALS

ADMIRALTY List of Lights and Fog Signals provides coverage of over 85,000
light structures including lighthouses, lightships, lit floating marks, fog
signals and other lights of navigational significance.

Each volume of List of Lights and Fog Signals offers:

 Descriptions of the characteristics of lights and fog signals, together

with the equivalent foreign language light descriptions, to help bridge
crews with identification
 Tables to assist in the calculation of geographical and luminous ranges
of lights

 Details for all lights listed including the international number, location
and/or name, geographical position, characteristics and intensity,
elevation in metres, range in sea miles and description of structure

 Published in 14 regional volumes (A-P) for simplicity and ease of handling

NAVIGATIONAL WARNING

"Types of Navigational Warnings (NW)"

There are four types of Navigational Warnings:
(i) NAVAREA warnings,
(ii) Sub-Area Warnings,
(iii) Coastal warnings and
(iv) Local warnings.
Many navigational warnings are of a temporary nature, but others remain in force for several weeks and
may be succeeded by Notices to Mariners. Details of all Navigational Warnings systems are given in
Admiralty List of Radio Signals Volume 3.

(i) "NAVAREA Warnings": NAVAREA Warnings are concerned with information detailed below which
mariners require for safe navigation. They are prepared in a numbered series for each calendar year. A list of
those Warnings which remain in force is promulgated each week and should be recorded in a log.

In particular, they include new navigational hazards and failures of important aids to navigation as well as
information which may require changes to planned navigational routes. This list is not exhaustive, and
should be regarded only as a guide.

Furthermore, it pre-supposes that sufficient precise information has not been previously disseminated by
Notices to Mariners:
Casualties to lights, fog signals, buoys and other aids to navigation affecting main shipping lanes. The
presence of dangerous wrecks in or near main shipping lanes, and, if relevant, their marking. The
establishment of major new aids to navigation or significant changes to existing ones, when such
establishment or change might be misleading to mariners.

The presence of large or unwieldy tows in congested waters.

Drifting hazards (including derelict vessels, ice, mines, containers and other large items).

Areas where SAR and anti-pollution operations are being carried out (for the avoidance of such areas). The
presence of newly discovered rocks, shoals, reefs and wrecks likely to constitute a danger to shipping, and, if
relevant, their marking. Unexpected alteration, or suspension, of established routes. Cable or pipe-laying
activity, the towing of large items of submerged equipment for research or exploration purposes, the
employment of manned or unmanned submersibles or other underwater operations which constitute a
potential danger in or near shipping lanes.

The establishment of research or scientific instruments in or near shipping lanes. The establishment of
offshore structures in or near shipping lanes. Significant malfunctioning of radio-navigation services or
shorebased maritime safety information radio or satellite services. Information concerning special
operations which might affect the safety of shipping, sometimes over wide areas, e.g. naval exercises,
missile firings, space missions, nuclear tests, ordnance dumping zones etc. Where the degree of hazard is
known, this information will be included in the warning. Wherever possible, this information will be
promulgated not less than 5 days in advance of the scheduled event, and reference may be made to the
relevant national publications in the warning. Acts of piracy and armed robbery against shipping. Tsumamis
and other natural phenomena, such as abnormal changes in sea level. World Health Organisation (WHO)
health advisory information. Security-related information.
(ii) "Sub-Area Warnings": Sub-Area Warnings broadcast information which is necessary for safe navigation
within a Sub-Area. They will normally include all the subject matter listed for NAVAREA Warnings above, but
will usually affect only the Sub-Area.
(iii) "Coastal Warnings": Coastal Warnings broadcast information which is necessary for safe navigation
within areas to seaward of the fairway buoy or pilot station, and are not restricted to shipping lanes. Where
the area is served by NAVTEX, they provide navigational warnings for the entire NAVTEX service area. Where
the area is not served by NAVTEX, all warnings relevant to coastal waters out to 250 miles from shore may
be included in the International SafetyNET service broadcast for the NAVAREA. Some areas of the world
have established National SafetyNET Coastal Warning areas in lieu of NAVTEX Service areas. Within
NAVAREA I, Coastal Warnings are numbered in a continuous sequence, and prefixed by the letters WZ.
(iv)"Local Warnings": Local Warnings broadcast information which cover inshore waters, often within the
limits of jurisdiction of a harbour or port authority. They are broadcast by means other than NAVTEX or
SafetyNET and supplement Coastal Warnings by giving detailed information within inshore waters. They are
usually issued by port, pilotage or coastguard authorities. The messages may be in English or only in the
local language.