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Design of Staircase
- Staircases can either be longitudinally supported or laterally supported.
- As per clause 33 of IS:456,
Effective span of stairs without stringer beams shall be as follows:
- When supported by beams beneath the top and bottom most risers, the effective span of the stairs shall be the centre
distance between the beams. (Stairs span longitudinally)
- When supported by landing slabs which rest on beams at the ends of slabs, c/c of beams at ends of landing slabs.
(Stairs span longitudinally while the landing slabs are also spanning longitudinally with support existing at ends of landi
- When supported by landing slabs which rest on walls or beams on either side of the landing slabs, c/c of landing slabs
clear span whichever is the least. (Stairs span longitudinally while the landing slabs span transversely).
- When the stairs are spanning transversely (supported on walls on either side, supported on a central spine beam, supp
stairs cantilevering from walls), effective span is centre to centre distance between the supports.
- It is to be noted that all the effective spans are to be measured horizontally and not inclined.
- Accoring to a research study, when landing slab is supported on 2 directions, then effective span can be taken as going
This may be applicable even when landing slab is supported on two sides alone.
LOADING
1 Dead load of waist slab or tread-riser slab or single step depending on type of stairs.
2 In case of waist slab, self weight of steps which is taken as 25 x average step height. (riser / 2)
3 Self weight of finishes (0.6 to 1 kN/m2) to be applied on the landing slabs as well.
4 Live load – as per IS: 875, II, 1.5 kN/m2 for service stairs, maintenance stairs, etc., 3kN/m2 for residential building stairs
5kN/m2 for office and commercial building stairs, 1.3kN in case of stairs with isolated steps (applied as concentrated loa
end of each step).
DESIGN
- Isolated tread steps:
$$ This type of individual step type stairs is designed for 1.3kN point load at the end of each individual step. Although the d
is to be restricted to span/10 for cantilever slabs generally, for cases like this where the span is going to be less than 1.2
criteria can be eased off to about L/8 or L/10.
$$ Top bars are to be anchored to support properly, taper to 80mm in case of larger spans, bottom bars are also to be prov
proper anchorage in case of seismic stress reversal. Proper chair bars are mandatory to keep the bars in place.

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e stairs shall be the centre to centre

t ends of landing slabs.

port existing at ends of landing slabs)
g slabs, c/c of landing slabs or 1m +

n a central spine beam, supported on

span can be taken as going.

or residential building stairs,

applied as concentrated load at the

ividual step. Although the deflection

is going to be less than 1.2m, this

om bars are also to be provided with

p the bars in place.

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