DESIGN IV : MARINE MACHINERY & ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

DEPARTMENT OF MARINE ENGINEERING

FTK-ITS

CALCULATION AND SPECIFICATION

OF FIRE MAIN SYSTEM

Doc No: 07 - 42 14 006 - FI

Rev. Date Annotation Done by Approved by

Name Signed Name Signed
Wiwin Rohmawati Ir.Hari prastowo, M.Sc.
 Project : DESIGN IV
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1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Description
Is the system used to prevent and stop the occurrence of fires on the ship, overall and per section.
The fire was one of the consideration which is important and can't be ignored outright, because it
concerns about the crew safety, payload and the continuity of the ship itself. Although a fire aboard
does not occur on a periodic, but all the components and specifications have been set properly in the
classification as well as the standard design of the ship. Fire is an event the occurrence of flame as a
result of the reaction between the material, source of heat and oxygen are enough. In general these
elements and compounds, expressed as the fire triangle form, as follows: materials, oxygen, heat
source. The only way to prevent the occurrence of fires is to remove or isolate one of these three
elements. This can be done by means of:

- Lowering the temperature below the temperature of burning

- Lowering oxygen levels
- Keep flammable material
Fires that may occur on the ship are classified into three (3) major parts and their countermeasures,
i.e. as follows:
Fires that may occur on the ship are classified into three (3) major parts and their countermeasures,
i.e. as follows:
- Fire material that happens to fit space (cargo tanks) can be extinguished using sea water and
foam
- Fires in the engine room is mainly caused by the oil can be extinguished using foam and CO2

- Fire caused by short circuit currents usually occur on the space the wheel (Wheel house) and in
the engine control room, it can be quenched by using a portable extinguisher and CO2

In General firefighting system must be made up on his boat at least some systems tailored to the
types of fires that may occur. There are two type of fire fighting system i.e. as follows:
a. Sea Water Fire Fighting System

A firefighting system utilizing seawater as the media taken directly through the sea chest using a
ballast pump and also the general service pump as a fire pump. The sea water to some point
where a fire is likely to occur through the deck hydrant, both the load or on the deck of the
accommodation. The main pipeline for firefighting are installed permanently on the main deck
and the deck house. Special on its main line was installed in the main deck hydrant that is
designed with two house outlets that can be used to spout water simultaneously in all
directions. While on the deck of the house except for the wheel house was installed in a
permanent installation of the fire service in the form of water sprinkle and smoke detector are
interconnecting with sea water hydrophore as the fluid flow distributor. Constituent
components on this system is as follows:

- Sea chest, is where the incoming sea water that serves as a supply of sea water used to
douse the fire.
- The main pipeline and pipeline branches, which serve as the sea water to extinguish the
fire that spread evenly throughout the ship.
-
The Hydrant, is a source distribution of sea water is located on the main deck around the
deck space fit and accommodation with the location on the gangway, where the intensity of
the past it is quite high with TWO considerations of convenience to reached by the crew.
- Fire hoses for standard size 2.5 inches inside diameter with a length of 60 feet and is
equipped with hoses nozzle that can be used to set the type of water spray.
b. Foam Fire Fighting system
 A system that leverages firefighters mixed thickness foam dry and sea water (foam) to cover the
surface of the material (isolate) a burning fire from the air and cool it, generally used in the
engine room and on the Main Deck (top of the Cargo hold).
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1.2 Objective
The purpose of this document are to determine the technical specification that needed in firemain
and fire fighting system

2. REFERENCES
a. Lloyd Register, Part 5 Chapter 13, Section 5 - Ship Piping System
b. Marine Engineering, Roy L. Harrington, "Chapter XX - Piping System" :1971

3. ABBREVIATIONS
vs = Velocity of fluid
d = Inside diameter
t = time
Q = Qapacity
Rn = Reynold number
n = viscocity
hs = head static
hp = head pressure
hv = head velocity
hf = head friction
hl = head losses
H = head total

4. DESIGN PARAMETER
4.1 Principal Dimension
The following parameters shown below, such as:
1. Lpp = 187 m
2. B = 32.25 m
3. T = 12.75 m
4. H = 18 m
5. LWL = 192.095 m
6. Vs = 14 knot = 25.9056 km/hours
7. Time of Voyage = 11 days = 264 hours
8. Weight of Displacement = 48663.80 ton

4.2 Regulation
a. Fire Protection and Fire Extinguishing Equipment

The arrangement of machinery spaces is to be so that safe storage and handling of flammable
liquids is ensured. All space in which internal combustion engines, oil burners or fuel settling or
service tanks are located is to be easily accesible and sufficiently ventilated. Where leakage of
flammable liquids may occur during operation or routine maintenance work, special
precautions are to be taken to prevent these liquids from coming into contact with sources of
ignition.

Materials used in machinery space normally is not to have properties increasing the fire
potential of these rooms.

b. Protection of the cargo area of tankers

The cargo areas and the cargo pump rooms of tanker are to be equipped with a fixed fire
extinguishing system in accordance with Table 4.2.1 and 4.2.2
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Table 4.2.1 Fixed Fire Extinguishing System

Table 4.2.2 Fixed Fire Extinguishing System (Continued)

On tanker based on Table 4.1 above, the fixed fire estinguishing equipment that should be:
- Cargo area and cargo tanks = Low expansion foam, dry powder, pressure water
spraying and inert gas system.
- Cargo pump spaces = CO2, high expansion foam or pressure water spraying
system.
 Tanker eqquiped with a crude oil washing system and tanker of 20 000 tdw and above carrying
flammable liquids with a flash point of 60 deg celcius or less are to be additionally equipped
with a fixed inert gas system.

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c. Number of Fire Pump

Cargo ships of 500 GT and over are to be equipped with at least two, and cargo ships of less than
500 GT with at least one fire pump. On cargo ships of 500 GT and over a fixed emergency fire
pump is to be provided if an outbreak of fire in one compartment can put all the fire pumps out
of action. An emergency fire pump is also to be provided if the main fire pumps are installed in
adjacent compartment, and the division between the compartments is formed by more than one
bulkhead or deck. On cargo ships, in every machinery space containing ballast, bilge or other
water pumps, provisions is to be made for connecting at least one of these pumps to the fire
extinguishing system. Such connection ma be dispensed with where none of the pumps is
capable of the required capacity or pressure.

d. Minimum Capacity and Pressure Head

The minimum capacity and the number of fire pump is to be as specified in Table 4.2.3 and 4.2.4
Table 4.2.3 Number and Minimum Capacity of Fire Pumps

Where fire pumps with different capacities are installed, no pump is to supply less than 80% of
the total required capacity divided by the specified number of fire pumps. Each fire pump is to
be capable of supplying sufficient water at least two of the nozzles used on board the ship. The
capacity of a fire pump is not to be less than 25 m 3/h. The total required capacity of the fire
pumps - excluding emergency fire pumps - need not exceed 180 m 3/h on cargo ships. The
pressure head of every fire pump is to be so chosen that the requirement of Table 4.2.4 below:

Table 4.2.4 Pressure at Nozzles

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e. Drive and Arrangement of Pumps

Each fire pump is to have a power source independent of the ship's propulsion machinery. Fire
pumps and their power sources may not be located forward of the collision bulkhead. In cargo
ships, GL may, on request, permit exceptions to this requiremnt. Fire pumps and their sea
connections are to be located as deep as possible below the ship's light waterline.

f. Emergency Fire Pumps

The emergency fire pump is to be capable of delivering at least 40% of the total capacity
specified for the main fire pumps, but in any case not less than 25 m 3/h for cargo ships of 2000
GT and over. The emergency fire pump is to be of self-priming type. The emergency fire pump
must be capable of supplying water to all parts of the ship from two hydrants simultaneously at
the pressure stated in Table 4.3.

g. Fire Mains
International Shore Connection

Ships of 500 GT and over to be provided with at least one connector through which water can be
pumped from the shore into the ship's fire main. The dimensions of the shore connection flange
is to be shown in Fig. 4.1. It has to be possible to use the shore connection on either side of the
ship.

Fig. 4.1 International Shore Connection

Fire mains are to be provided with drain valves or cocks. Branch pipe from the fire mains for
hawse flushing are to be capable of being shut off in the vicinity of the main fire pump(s) or
from the open deck. Other branch pipes not serving fire figthing purposes and which are used
only occasionally may be accepted if capable of being shut off from a location close to the main
fire pumps or from a location close to the main fire pumps or from the open deck. The shut off
devices are to be fitted with warning signs instructing personnel to close them after use. On
tankers, the fire main is to be fitted with isolating valves in a protected position at the poop
 Fire mains are to be provided with drain valves or cocks. Branch pipe from the fire mains for
hawse flushing are to be capable of being shut off in the vicinity of the main fire pump(s) or
from the open deck. Other branch pipes not serving fire figthing purposes and which are used
only occasionally may be accepted if capable of being shut off from a location close to the main
fire pumps or from a location close to the main fire pumps or from the open deck. The shut off
devices are to be fitted with warning signs instructing personnel to close them after use. On
tankers, the fire main is to be fitted with isolating valves in a protected position at the poop
front and on the tank deck at intervals of not more than 40 m.

h. Fire Main Design

The following formula should be used as guidance for the sizing of the fire main:
dF = 0.8*dH
where,
dF = internal diameter of fire main
dH = theoritical diameter of main bilge pipe.
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dF = the minimum value is 50 mm
The entire fire main is to be designed for the maximum permissible working pressure of the fire
pupms subject to a minimum working pressure of 10 bar.

5. DESIGN REQUIREMENT
5.1 PUMP
a. Fire Main Pump Capacity
(attachment NO.1 calculation)
b. Fire Main Diameter
(attachment NO.1 calculation)
c. Head of Pump
(attachment NO.1 calculation)
d. Emergency Fire Pumps
(attachment NO.1 calculation)
e. Type
Centrifugal Pump

A centrifugal pump is a rotodynamic pump that uses a rotating impeller to increase the
pressure and flow rate of a fluid. Centrifugal pumps are the most common type of pump used to
move liquids through a piping system. The fluid enters the pump impeller along a near to the
rotating axis and is accelerated are typically used for large discharge through smaller heads. The
example will be given by Figure 5.1.1 Centrifugal Pump below.

Figure 5.1.1 Centrifugal Pump

5.2 VALVE AND FITING

a. Valve
1. Gate Valve

A globe valve is a type of valve used for regulating flow in pipeline, consisting a moveable
disk-type element and a stationary ring seat in a generally spherical body. Only be used for
stop valve, not use in controlling pressure or flow capacity, for very high pressure, and
according to the design of using gate will be minimized the corrotion efect. Gate Valve can
be used in two ways. In this system gate valve used in manifold in loading and unloading.
 A globe valve is a type of valve used for regulating flow in pipeline, consisting a moveable
disk-type element and a stationary ring seat in a generally spherical body. Only be used for
stop valve, not use in controlling pressure or flow capacity, for very high pressure, and
according to the design of using gate will be minimized the corrotion efect. Gate Valve can
be used in two ways. In this system gate valve used in manifold in loading and unloading.
Below is the example of gate valve, shown in Figure 5.2.1 Gate Valve.

Figure 5.2.1 Gate Valve

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2. Butterfly Valve

A butterfly valve is a valve which can be used for isolating or regulating flow. The closing
mechanism takes the form of a disk, which allows for quick shut off. Butterfly valve are
generally favored because they are lower in cost to other valve designs as well as being
lighter in weight, meaning less support is required. Used for stop valve only, for low
working pressure. In this system, butterfly valve used in order before the pump, and as a
connecting to another equipment to make a standby function. Below is the example of
butterfly valve, shown in Figure 5.3 Butterfly Valve.

Figure 5.3 Butterfly Valve

3. Non Return Valve
Has same function with globe valve, working in very high pressure and just has one-way
direction. Usually this valve is used in order after the pump and another lines that the
fluids shall not back through the same line or just one-way direction.

b. Fitting
Filter
The type used : Water Filter

The sea water and fresh water systems on board ship are provided with line filters in order to
trap the solid impurities flowing in the system. Normally the sea water sides has more number
of filters incorporated in the line as compared to the fresh water system as the later is a closed
system. The different applications for water filters are:
 - Sea Chest Strainer
It is fitted in the main suction line of the sea water inlet system to the ship. The filter is
casing normally fitted with marine growth preventive system. Normally a strainer is used
in the sea chest so that the flow of water in the sea line is always maintained.
- Fresh Water System Filter
All the fresh water system such as drinking water system, sanitary water system, boiler
feed water system etc. are incorporated with a line filter in the suction side of the pump.

6. SUMMARY
FIREMAIN
NO CALCULATION SYMBOL RESULT
1 Pump qapacity Q 49 m3/h
2 Inside Diameter d 120.391 mm
4 Head static hs 20.4 m
5 Head pressure hp 27 m
6 Head velocity hv 0 m
7 Reynold number Rn 0.0001308
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8 Frictional losses l 0.020

9 Head friction1 hf 0.0017 m
10 Head losses1 hl 3.14 m
11 Head friction2 hf 6.36 m
12 Head losses2 hl 3.09 m
13 Head total H 71.5 m

For the pump selection and spesification:

Merk : SILIPUMP (80CLH - 5.5)
Type : Centrifuge Pump
Capacity : 50 m3/h
Head : 65 m
Rpm : 2900 RPM
Power : 18.5 kW

EMERGENCY FIRE PUMP

NO CALCULATION SYMBOL RESULT
1 Pump qapacity Q 20 m3/h
2 Inside Diameter d 130.800 inches
4 Head static hs 20.4 m
5 Head pressure hp 27 m
6 Head velocity hv 0 m
7 Reynold number Rn 0.000131
8 Frictional losses l 0.020
9 Head friction1 hf 14.55 m
10 Head losses1 hl 1.745 m
11 Head friction2 hf 0.000131 m
12 Head losses2 hl 0.020 m
13 Head total H 53.08 m

For the pump selection and spesification:

Merk : SILIPUMP (50CLH-3.5)
Type : Centrifuge Pump
Capacity : 20 m3/h
Head : 65 m
Rpm : 2900 RPM
Power : 11.0 kW
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1. LIST OF CODE/ REFERENCES USED

- Lloyd Rules and Regulation 2012
- SOLAS 2009, Chapter II-2, Construction - Fire Protection, fire detection, and fire extinction
- Pompa dan Kompresor Ir. Sularso, MSME

2. CALCULATION ALGORITHM
- Calculation of Fire Main Pipe
- Calculation of Fire Main Pump Capacity
- Calculation of Fire Main Pump Head
- Head calculation in Engine Room installation
- Head calculation of suction pipe
- Head calculation of discharge pipe
- Head calculation of major and minor losses
- Calculation of Emergency Fire Pump

3. INPUT DESIGN PARAMETER

- Calculation of Fire Main Pump
Qbg = Capacity of Bilge Pump
- Calculation of Fire Main Pipe
Qf = Capacity of Fire Main Pump
v = Fluid velocity in fire main pipe
- Head Calculation of Fire Main Pump
- Calculation in Engine Room Installation
hs : head statis pump
hp : head by pressure
hv : head by velocity
- Calculation in suction line
major losses : head because length of sunction line
minor losses : head because accesoris in sunction line
- Calculation in discharge line
major losses : head because length of discharge line
minor losses : head because accesoris in discharge line
- Calculation of total head pump
hz : head statis pump
hp : head by pressure
hl1 : suction head
hl2 : discharge head
- Determine The Specification of Fire Main Pump
- Calculation of Emergency Fire Pumo
Qf = Capacity of Fire Main Pump

4. OUTPUT DESIGN PARAMETER

- Fire main pump capacity
- Fire main pipe diameter
- Fire main pipe specification
- Emergency fire pump capacity

5. DETAIL CALCULATION
a. Calculation of Fire Pump Capacity
According SOLAS Chapter II-2 Regulation 10 part 2.2 abouut fire pump, mention that the total
capacity of fire pump not to be less than 4/3 from capacity bilge pump, so capacity fire pump is :
Qf = 4/3 Qbg
= 4/3 ( 260 ) Where, Q bg is = 92.16 m³/h
= 122.88 m³/h
= 0.03 m³/s SOLAS 2009, Chapter II, Regulation 10 Part 2.2
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Number of fire main pump for cargo ship with 1000 gross tonnage or above is at least 2 pumps
SOLAS 2009 : Chapter II, Section 2, Regulation 10, 2.2.2
And capacity of each fire main pump is not less than 80% of the total required capacity divided by
the minimum number of required fire pumps, but in any case not less than 25 m3/h.
SOLAS 2009 : Chapter II, Section 2, Regulation 10, 2.2.2
so, number of capacity each fair main pump is :
Qfm = 80 % x Qf
min. Fire pumps
= 0,80 x 346,67
2
= 49.15 m³/h

b. Calculation of Fire Main Pipe Diameter

Qf = Axv
= 1/4 x π x D² x vf
D² = 4 x Qf
π x vf
= ( 4 x 0,1 )
( 3,14 x 3 )
= 0.014 m
D= 0.120 m
= 120 mm

Then for fire main pipe, it will be use stell galvanized pipe according to JIS G 3452 Standart
Inside diameter (dm) = 130.8 mm
thickness = 4.5 mm
Outside diameter = 139.8 mm
Nominal pipe size = 125A mm schedule - 40
Min. thickness (L.R Regulation) = 4.5 mm

c. Calculation of Fire Main Pump Head

Head Statis Pump
Hz = Distance from pump to navigation room
= 20.4 m
Head because different of pressure = 27 m
Head because different velocity
hv = (v2dis - v2suc)/2g = 0 m (v dis = v suc)

Calculation at Suction Pipe (hl1)

head cause friction at suction pipe
Reynold number (Rn) :
viscocity υ = 0.822 cst at 30oC = 0.000000822
Rn = v . D / υ
Rn = 0.0001308 Kind of flow characteristic = Turbulen
Use formula = 0,02+0,0005/D
then cold be known the friction losses as follow: 0.02+0.0005/D 0.02
Length of pipe ( L ) suction side are 20 m
a. Major losses (hf) =
λxLxv2 /(D x 2g) 0.0016710354 m
b. Minor losses (head cause piping accessories)
No Type N k nxk
1 gate valve 1 0.86 0.86
2 SDNRV 3 1.23 3.69
3 Conjunction T 2 1.14 2.28
4 Strainer 4 1.14 4.56
Total 6.83
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Minor Losses (hl) = k total x v2 / (2g)

= 6.83 x 3² / (2 x 9.8)
= 3.136 m

Calculation at Dischsrge Pipe (hl2)

Reynold number (Rn) :
Viscosity = 0.822 cst on 40oC 0.0000008 m2/s
Rn = (Vs x ds) / n
= (3 x (0.2021))/0.0000008
= 477372.3
then the flow is : turbulen use the formula = 0,02+0,0005/ 0.0238
so that it can be seen friction losses (l)
Mayor losses (hf) = f x L x v2 / ( D x 2g)
Pipe length (L) discharge side is = 76.00 m

Mayor losses (hf) = 0.0224 x 110 x 32 / (0.204 x 2 x 9.8)

= 6.356 m

Minor losses (head because of the accessories that exist on the pipe)
No type N k nxk
1 Butterfly Valve 1 0.86 0.86
2 SDNRV 2 1.23 2.46
3 Conjunction T 3 1.14 3.42
Total 6.74

Minor Losses (hl) = k total x v2 / (2g)

= 6.74 x 32 / (2 x 9.8)
= 3.095 m

Calculation of total head

Totalhead losses (Hl) = hs + hv + hp + hf1 + hl1 + hf2 + hl2
= 25 + 0 + 27 + 0,0011+ 3.136 + 6.545 + 3.095
= 64.500 m

Main and stand by Fire pump specification

Merk : SILIPUMP (80CLH - 5.5)
Capacity : 50 m3/hr
Head : 65 m
Rpm : 2900 RPM
Power : 18.5 kW

d. Emergency Fire Pump calculation

Main Fire pump capacity : 50.00 m3/hr
based on SOLAS reg 4 point 4.3.3.2.1
Capacity of emergency fire pump is 40% from required total capacity,
So, total capacity for emergency are = 20.000 m3/hr
Based on data above, we could choose specification pump bellow :
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Pump Head calculation

Pump statical head (ha) are : = 20.4 m
Head cause different of pressure = 27 m
Head cause different velocity
hv = (v2dis - v2suc)/2g = 0 m (v dis = v suc)
- Calculation of head losses in suction line
head cause friction at suction pipe
Reynold number (Rn) :
viscocity υ = 0.822 cst at 30oC = 0.000000822
Rn = v . D / υ
Rn = 0.0001308 Kind of flow characteristic = Turbulen
Use formula = 0,02+0,0005/D
then cold be known the friction losses as follow: 0.02+0.0005/D 0.02
Length of pipe ( L ) suction side are 12.24 m
a. Major losses (hf) =
λxLxv2 /(D x 2g) 0.8595538838 m
b. Minor losses (head cause piping accessories)
No Type N k nxk
1 gate valve 1 0.86 0.86
2 SDNRV 1 1.23 1.23
3 Strainer 1 1.14 1.14
Total 2.09

Minor losses = k total x v2 / (2g)

Minor losses = 2.09 x 3^2 / (2x9.8)
0.96 m

Head Calculation at discharging pipe (hl2)

Reynold number (Rn) :
viscocity υ = 0.822 cst at 30oC = 8E-07 m2/s
Rn = v . D / υ v = 3.0 m/s
Rn = 477372.2627737
flow characteristic = turbulen

Then cold be known the friction losses as follow: 0.02+0.0005/D = 0.02382

Length of pipe ( L ) discharging side are = 174.00 m
Major losses (hf) = λxLxv2/(D x 2g) = 14.5518 m

b. Minor losses (head cause piping accessories)

No Type N k nxk
1 Elbow 90 o
1 0.57 0.57
2 Butterfly valve 1 0.86 0.86
3 SDNRV 1 1.23 1.23
4 Conjunction T 1 1.14 1.14
Total 3.8

Minor losses = k total x v2 / (2g)

Minor losses = 3.8 x 3^2 / (2x9.8)
1.74 m
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HEAD TOTAL = Hs + Hp + Hv + Σ head losses (suction and discharge)

= 53.08 m

Emergency Fire pump specification

Merk : SILIPUMP (50CLH-3.5)
Type : centrifugal pump
Capacity : 20 m3/hr
Head : 65 m
Rpm : 2900 RPM
Power : 11.0 kW

g. Specification of General Service Pump

For the selection of general service pumps are also supply three other systems (fire main system, Bilge system
& Ballast System) which each have different characteristics, then the required selection based on the
characteristics of the pump on Ballast Systems that require a large capacity, and Pump on Fire Main sytem
requires a large head. From the considerations above, the general service pump specifications obtained as
follows:

Merk = SILI PUMP ( 150CLH - 11)

Capacity = 180 m3/hr
Head = 65 m
Frequency = 50 Hz
Rpm = 2900 rpm
Power = 55.0 kw
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er II, Regulation 10 Part 2.2
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m2/s
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m2/s
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n system, Bilge system

based on the
on Fire Main sytem
ations obtained as