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COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES OF SOLUTIONS

TOPICS

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Problems and Solutions

Problem :

What is the vapor pressure of the pure solvent if the vapor pressure of a
solution of 10 g of sucrose (C6H12O6) in 100 g of ethanol (C2H6O) is 55 mmHg?

To solve this problem, we will use Raoult's law:

Then rearrange the equation to solve for the pressure of the pure solvent, Po.
After converting the gram amounts to moles we nd that the mole fraction of
the solvent ethanol is 0.975. Therefore, the vapor pressure of the solvent is 56.4
mmHg.

Problem :

What is the freezing point of a solution of 15.0 g of NaCl in 250 g of water? The
molal freezing point constant, Kf, for water is 1.86 oC kg / mol.

ΔTf = - i Kf m

For NaCl, i = 2. The concentration of the solution is 1.03 m in NaCl. Therefore, the
change in the freezing point of the water is -3.8 oC. The freezing point of the
solution is, therefore, -3.8 oC.

Problem :

A solution of 0.5 g of an unknown nonvolatile, nonelectrolyte solute is added to

100 mL of water and then placed across a semipermeable membrane from a
volume of pure water. When the system reaches equilibrium, the solution
compartment is elevated 5.6 cm above the solvent compartment. Assuming
that the density of the solution is 1.0 g / mL, calculate the molecular mass of
the unknown.

To solve this problem, we will rearrange the formula for osmotic pressure:

Then we can calculate the pressure from the pressure depth equation, then
convert the units into atmospheres.
 Next, we can calculate the molarity of the solution. Finally, we will use that
molarity to calculate the molar mass of the unknown from the volume of the
solution and the mass of the unknown.

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