Energy recover from biomass Wah Engineering college

2019

Table of Contents
BIOMASS ......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined.
INTRODUCTION: .......................................................................... 3
RESOURCES: ................................................................................. 5
TYPES OF BIOMASS: ................................................................. 5
ENERGY RECOVER FROM BIOMASS ..................................... 6
Energy recover from biomass Wah Engineering college
2019

ABSTRACT

Biomass is a form of renewable energy that can be used to provide high energy outputs, to
support and in same case replace conventional fossil fuel energy sources. In this work the
potentialities for energy recovery of the waste biomasses derived from the agro industrial
activities of the Tuscan region (Italy) are analyzed: in particular waste derived from food crops
(cereals, beet, sunflower, olive tree, citruses, vineyard,…), zoo technical activities, and wood.
The data obtained are examined to make a comparison between the various energetic and
economic results employing different kind of energy systems commonly used in biomass energy
conversion. The technologies analyzed are the thermochemical processes combustion,
gasification, Fischer Tropsch (FT) diesel fuel production and the biochemical process of
anaerobic digestion. Each process requires a proper energy conversion plant. For the above
mentioned processes, the conversion plants hypothesized are: for the direct combustion the steam
turbine plant, for the gasification the Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC), for FT
biodiesel the compression ignition engine and for anaerobic digestion the gas engine. These
conversion technologies were analyzed also from an economical point of view. This analysis was
carried out by taking into account costs (harvest and collection, eventually pre-treatment,
transportation cost) and incomes (energy saving and sale. Finally the environmental impact is
considered studying the avoided emission of CO2 in relation with the avoided use of fossil
energy for the power production.
Energy recover from biomass Wah Engineering college
2019
Energy recover from biomass Wah Engineering college
2019

CHAPTER NO 01
BIOMASS
INTRODUCTION:
Biomass is any organic matter that can be used as an energy source. Wood, crops, and yard and
animal waste are examples of biomass. People have used biomass longer than any other energy
source. For thousands of years, people have burned wood to heat their homes and cook their
food.

Biomass gets its energy from the sun. Plants absorb sunlight in a process called photosynthesis.
With sunlight, air, water, and nutrients from the soil, plants make sugars called carbohydrates.
Foods that are rich in carbohydrates (like spaghetti) are good sources of energy for the human
body. Biomass is called a renewable energy source because we can grow more in a short period
of time

BIOMASS:

Figure 01: (Circulation of biomass)

Energy recover from biomass Wah Engineering college
2019

RESOURCES:
• Biomass is available almost everywhere in the world

• Good biomass energy resources have a high yield of dry material and use minimal land

• Crops should generate more energy than their production consume

• Biological power sources are: Renewable Easily stored CO2 neutral (if harvested susta- Able

TYPES OF BIOMASS:

Figure 02: (Sources of biomass)

Energy recover from biomass Wah Engineering college
2019

CHAPTER NO 2
ENERGY RECOVER FROM BIOMASS
ENERGY RECOVER FROM BIOMASS:
Several methods are there for recovery biomass. Following of them illustrated below

 Combustion
 Anaerobic Digestion
 Fermentation
 Photosynthesis
 Mechanical

Combustion:
Combustion= Electricity

• Biomass can be burned in power plants to generate electricity

• In combined Heat and Power systems, the waste heat energy is also used to heat water nearby
homes.

Figure 03: (Process Of Combustion)

Energy recover from biomass Wah Engineering college
2019

Wood can be burned to

• Heat a house

• Prepare food

Figure 05: (Wood as a source of biomass)

Energy recover from biomass Wah Engineering college
2019

ANAEROBIC DIGESTION:
Anaerobic Digestion = Biogas

• Biogas technology formalizes the natural decomposition process in the absence of oxygen =
anaerobic digestion

• Biogas digester consists of one or more airtight reservoirs into which a suitable moist
feedstock is placed

• Digester can be big or small

• Compounds produced by this process is: 1. Methane gas = used for heating, cooking &
electricity 2. Odorless slurry = excellent fertilizer

Figure 06: (Biomass from garbage)

Energy recover from biomass Wah Engineering college
2019

Fermentation:
Fermentation = Biofuel

• Biomass can be converted into liquid biofuels through fermentation

• Maize and sugar cane can be converted into:

1. Ethanol ̶a liquid biofuel

2. Methane ̶a gas

Figure 07: (Biomass from fuel)

Energy recover from biomass Wah Engineering college
2019

Mechanical Processing:
Mechanical processing = Biodiesel

• Sunflower seed oil and soybean oil can be converted into biodiesel
• These fuels are more effective than wood = a more concentrated energy source

Figure 08: (Biomass and natural resources)

Photosynthesis:

Figure 08: (Biomass from plants)

Energy recover from biomass Wah Engineering college
2019

USES OF BIOMASS:
 Until the mid-1800s, wood gave Americans 90 percent of the energy they used. Today,
biomass provides us over four percent of the energy we use. It has been replaced by coal,
natural gas, petroleum, and other energy sources.
 There are many sources of biomass used in the U.S. today. Two sources, wood and
biofuels, make up the majority of consumption. Other biomass sources include crops,
garbage, landfill gas, and byproducts from agriculture.
 Industry is the biggest biomass consumer today; it uses 51.5 percent of biomass to make
products. The transportation sector uses 26.2 percent of biomass by consuming ethanol
and other biofuels. Power companies use biomass to produce electricity. Over 10 percent
of biomass is used to generate electricity today.
 Homes and businesses are the third biggest users; about one in ten homes burn wood in
fireplaces and stoves for additional heat. Less than three percent use wood as their main
heating fuel.
 In the future, plants may be grown to fuel power plants. Farmers may also have huge
farms of energy crops to produce ethanol and other biofuels for transportation.

BENEFITS OF BIOMASS ENERGY:

Some of the advantages of using biomass as a source of energy are illustrated below:

 Biomass energy is an abundant, secure, environmental friendly and renewable source of

energy.
 Biomass does not add carbon dioxide to the atmosphere as it absorbs the same amount of
carbon in growing as it releases when consumed as a fuel.
 One of the major advantages of biomass is that it can be used to generate electricity with
the same equipment or in the same power plants that are now burning fossil fuels.
 Biomass energy is not associated with environmental impacts such as acid rain, mine
spoils, open pits, oil spills, radioactive waste disposal or the damming of rivers.
 Biomass fuels are sustainable. The green plants from which biomass fuels are derived fix
carbon dioxide as they grow, so their use does not add to the levels of atmospheric
carbon. In addition, using refuse as a fuel avoids polluting landfill disposal.
 Alcohols and other fuels produced by biomass are efficient, viable, and relatively clean
burning.
 Biomass is easily available and can be grown with relative ease in all parts of the world.
Energy recover from biomass Wah Engineering college
2019

REFERENCES:
1. Biofuels Association (ABA) 1999, Multi-benefits of a national biofuel industry, policy
paper from the Biofuels Association, <http://www.australianbiofuelsassociation.org.au/>.
2. Bureau of Agriculture and Resource Economics (ABARE) 2007, Energy economics data
and annual Updates, <http://www.abare.gov.au/>.
3. Business Council for Sustainable Energy 2005, Waste to energy: A guide for local
authorities, <http://www.bcse.org.au/docs/Publications_Reports/WasteTo Energy
Report.pdf>.
4. Greenhouse Office (AGO) 2006, The AGO factors and methods workbook 2006,
published by the Greenhouse Office, Department of the Environment and Heritage,
Commonwealth of http://www.greenhouse.gov.au/workbook/index.html.
5. Bartle, J 2002, Achieving sustainability through bioenergy, Bioenergy Australia, 2002
Conference, Sydney, NSW.
6. Baxter, L 2004, Biomass cofiring overview, 2nd World Biomass Conference, Workshop
4: The status of biomass/coal coring, Organized by IEA BioenergyTask 32: Biomass
Combustion and Cofiring, Rome, 14 May 2004, <www.ieabcc.nl>.
7. Baxter, L & Koppejan, J 2005, Biomass-coal co-combustion: opportunity for affordable
renewable energy, Fuel, 84(10), 1295–1302.
8. Biodiesel Association of Australia (BAA) 2003, Biodiesel facts, Biodiesel Association of
Australia, Homebush South, <http://www.biodiesel.org.au/>.
9. Burbidge, D 2000, Renewable energy boosts rural Queensland, Proceedings of Solar
2000 from Fossils to Protons, CD-ROM, (D. Mills, ed.), Australian and New Zealand
Solar Society Conference, Brisbane, November 29 – December 1