Headway Academic Skills Introductory Level. Rea PDF

Headway
Academic Skills
Reading, Writing, and Study Skills
IN TRO D U CTO RY LEVEL Student’s Book
Sarah Philpot and Lesley Curnick

OXFORD Series Editors: Liz and John Soars
Headway
Academic Skills
Reading, Writing, and Study Skills
IN T R O D U C T O R Y L E V E L Student’s Book
Sarah Philpot and Lesley Curnick

Series Editors: Liz and John Soars
O XFO RD
CONTENTS
1 M eeting people
REA D IN G New people p4-5 W R IT IN G Introductions p7
S u r v e y i n g s u r v e y i n g a t e x t to f i n d o u t w h a t i t is a b o u t RULES A r t i c l e s : a a n d a n
RULES P r e s e n t S i m p l e ( 1 ) t h e P r e s e n t S i m p l e w i t h fee a n d o t h e r v e r b s P u n c t u a t i o n (1 ) c a p it a l le tte r s
KEY LAN G UAG E The alphabet p6 C h e c k in g y o u r w r itin g (1 ) c h e c k in g fo r m is ta k e s w ith
s u b j e c t a n d v e rb , a n d a r tic le s
T h e a l p h a b e t c o n s o n a n t s a n d v o w e ls
2 Countries
REA D IN G Mountains, seas, and rivers p i0-11 W R IT IN G Mycountry p l2 - 1 3
P r e d i c t i n g u s i n g p i c t u r e s a n d th e ti tl e t o p r e d i c t t h e s u b j e c t o f a t e x t L i n k i n g i d e a s (1) a n d a n d b u t
RULES th e r e i s / th e r e a r e P u n c t u a t i o n (2 ) u s i n g c o m m a s i n lis ts
3 Your studies
REA D IN G Everyday pl6-17 W R IT IN G Your day p l9
S k im m in g r e a d in g a te x t q u ic k ly f o r g e n e r a l m e a n in g W r i t i n g s e n t e n c e s w r i t i n g s e n te n c e s w i t h a s u b je c t, a v e rb ,
KEY LA N G U A G E Time p lS a n d a n o b je c t
C h e c k i n g y o u r w r i t i n g ( 2 ) c h e c k i n g f o r s p e llin g m is t a k e s
RULES P r e p o s i t i o n s o f t i m e i n i a t I o n
A W h ere w e work
REA D IN G Where do they work? p22-23 W R IT IN G A good place to work p 2 4 -2 5
F i n d i n g i m p o r t a n t w o r d s u s i n g i m p o r t a n t w o r d s in q u e s t i o n s to h e lp f i n d L i n k i n g i d e a s (2 ) b e c a u s e
in fo r m a tio n in a te x t
S c a n n i n g r e a d i n g a t e x t q u i c k l y to f i n d s p e c ific i n f o r m a t i o n
5 Signs and instructions

REA D IN G Signs-an international language p28-29 W R IT IN G Form s p 3 0 -3 1
U n d e r s t a n d i n g a t e x t REVIEW of Study Skills C o m p l e t i n g a f o r m r e a d i n g i n s t r u c t i o n s c a r e fu lly ,
c o m p le ti n g a f o r m c o r r e c tly
6 Health and m edicine

REA D IN G Good health p34-35 W R IT IN G Medical discoveries p 3 6 -3 7
U n d e r s t a n d i n g p r o n o u n s u n d e r s t a n d i n g p r o n o u n r e fe r e n c in g i n a t e x t A v o i d i n g r e p e t i t i o n u s i n g p r o n o u n s to a v o i d r e p e t it io n in
RULES P a s t S im p le r e g u l a r a n d ir r e g u la r p a s t s i m p l e f o r m s a te x t
7 The history o f transport

REA D IN G Important first flights p40-41 W R IT IN G Trains p43
M a k i n g n o t e s ( 1 ) l o o k i n g f o r i m p o r t a n t w o r d s , n a m e s , n u m b e r s , a n d d a te s W r i t i n g f r o m n o t e s o r d e r in g n o te s to in c l u d e p o i n t s in a
lo g ic a l o r d e r
K EY LA N G U A G E Ordinal numbers p42
O r d i n a l n u m b e r s r e c o g n i z in g o r d i n a l n u m b e r s
D a t e s w r i t i n g d a te s i n d if fe r e n t w a y s
8 Doing business
REA D IN G The business of sport p46-47 W R IT IN G Polite emails p48-49
M a k i n g n o t e s ( 2 ) m a k i n g n o te s u n d e r d i f f e r e n t h e a d in g s W r i t i n g p o l i t e e m a i l s u s i n g p o l i t e p h r a s e s i n e m a ils
9 W ater
REA D IN G Using water p52-53 W R IT IN G More or less p 5 5 -5 6
U n d e r s t a n d i n g t a b l e s a n d c h a r t s (1 ) u s i n g ta b le s a n d b a r c h a r t s to h e lp y o u D e s c r i b i n g s t a t i s t i c s d e s c r ib in g s ta tis tic s u s i n g p h r a s e s to
u n d e r s ta n d a te x t c o m p a re a m o u n ts
U n d e r s t a n d i n g t a b l e s a n d c h a r t s (2 ) c h e c k i n g n u m b e r s i n a ta b l e o r b a r c h a r t
a g a in s t i n f o r m a t i o n i n a t e x t
10 Am bition and success

REA D IN G Great ideas p58-59 W R IT IN G Success p60-61
U n d e r s t a n d i n g t h e o r g a n i z a t i o n o f a t e x t u s i n g to p i c s e n te n c e s t o h e lp u n d e r s t a n d W r i t i n g a p a r a g r a p h u s i n g a to p i c s e n te n c e , o r g a n i z i n g
w h a t a t e x t is a b o u t i n f o r m a t i o n lo g ic a lly i n a p a r a g r a p h
C h e c k i n g y o u r w r i t i n g ( 3 ) c h e c k i n g g r a m m a r , sp e llin g , a n d
p u n c tu a tio n in a te x t
W O R D LIST p64 PH O N ETIC SY M B O LS p71

V O C A BU LA R Y D EVELO PM EN T Instructions p8 R E V IE W p9
F o l l o w i n g i n s t r u c t i o n s : c irc le , c o m p le te , c o r r e c t, m a t c h , e tc . R e a d in g a w e b p a g e , w ritin g a p a ra g r a p h a b o u t a
m c m n c r o f y o u r fa m ily
V O C A BU LA R Y D EVELO PM EN T A lphabetical o rd e r p l4 R E V IE W p l5
U s i n g a d i c t i o n a r y (1 ) f i n d i n g th e p a r t o f sp e e c h , m e a n i n g a n d e x a m p l e s in R e a d in g a te x t a b o u t a c o u n tr y , w r itin g a p a ra g r a p h
a d ic tio n a r y a b o u t a c o u n tr y
V O C A BU LA RY D EVELO PM EN T W ords th a t go to g e th e r p20 R E V IE W p21

R e c o r d i n g v o c a b u l a r y ( 1 ) r e c o r d in g v e r b + n o u n c o llo c a tio n s R e a d i n g a b o u t d a i l y r o u t i n e s , w r i t i n g a b o u t s o m e o n e ’s
d a ily r o u tin e
RESEARCH Search engines p26 R E V IE W p27

U s i n g a s e a r c h e n g i n e (1 ) c h o o s in g w o r d s to s e a r c h f o r i n f o r m a t i o n R e a d i n g a b o u t s o m e o n e ’s jo b , c o m p l e t i n g a t e x t w i t h
th e c o rr e c t lin k in g w o rd s
V O C A BU LA RY D EVELO PM EN T V ocabulary records p26
R e c o r d i n g v o c a b u l a r y ( 2 ) c r e a t in g v o c a b u la r y r e c o r d s
V O C A BU LA R Y D EVELO PM EN T Topic areas p32 R E V IE W p33

R e c o r d i n g v o c a b u l a r y ( 3 ) r e c o r d in g v o c a b u la r y i n to p i c s e ts R e a d i n g u s i n g a ll s t u d y s k i ll s , c o m p l e t i n g a f o r m
V O C A BU LA RY D EVELO PM EN T N o u n sa n d verbs p38 R E V IE W p39

R e c o g n i z i n g p a r t s o f s p e e c h r e c o g n i z in g d if fe r e n t p a r t s o f s p e e c h a n d r e la te d n o u n s R e a d in g a te x t a b o u t c h e m ic a ls a n d h e a lth , u s in g
a n d verbs p ro n o u n s in a p a ra g ra p h
V O C A BU LA RY D EVELO PM EN T Verbs in th e Past Simple p44 R E V IE W p45

U s i n g a d i c t i o n a r y (2 ) u s i n g a d i c t i o n a r y t o f i n d ir r e g u la r v e r b f o r m s R e a d in g a te x t a b o u t s o m e s a ilin g firs ts , w r itin g
R e c o r d i n g v o c a b u l a r y ( 4 ) r e c o r d in g v e r b s w i t h p r e p o s i t i o n s t h a t f o l l o w t h e m a p a r a g r a p h a b o u t s o m e i m p o r t a n t r a c i n g f irs ts
V O C A BU LA RY D EVELO PM EN T W ords w ith m ore th a n o n e m eaning p5() R E V IE W p51

U s i n g a d i c t i o n a r y (3 ) l o o k i n g u p w o r d s w i t h m o r e t h a n o n e m e a n in g , f i n d i n g th e R e a d in g a te x t a b o u t s p o r ts a n d te le v is io n , w r itin g
c o rr e c t m e a n in g a p o lite e m a il
V O C A BU LA RY D EVELO PM EN T O p p o site adjectives p56 R E V IE W p57

R e c o r d i n g v o c a b u l a r y ( 5 ) r e c o r d in g o p p o s i te a d je c t iv e s to g e t h e r R e a d i n g a t e x t a b o u t w a te r , u s i n g i n f o r m a t i o n i n a b a r
c h a r t to w rite a d e s c r ip tio n o f w a te r u s e
RESEARCH Finding th e right inform ation p 6 1 -6 2 R E V IE W p63

U s i n g a s e a r c h e n g i n e (2 ) u s i n g th e I n t e r n e t to f i n d f a c t s , im a g e s , m a p s , a n d R e a d in g a te x t a b o u t th e w e ll-k n o w n c lo th in g b ra n d ,
tr a n s la t io n s o f w o r d s w ritin g a p a ra g r a p h a b o u t a s u c c e s s fu l p e rs o n
C h e c k i n g i n f o r m a t i o n u s i n g m o r e t h a n o n e w e b s ite to c h e c k in f o r m a t i o n
1 Meeting people
READING SKILLS Surveying
KEY LANGUAGE The alphabet
WRITING SKILLS Punctuation (1) • Checking your writing (1)
VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT Following instructions
READING New people STUDY SKILL S u rv e y in g
Work with a partner. Look at the webpage and Before you read a text, look at the page quickly. Ask:
the photos. Answer the questions. Read STUDY SKILL ■ W hat is the title?
1 What is the club? ■ W hat do the pictures show?
2 How many photos of people are there? ■ How many paragraphs are there?
3 How many men are there in the photos?
The answers help you understand what a text is about.
4 How many paragraphs are there?
University
Internet Chess Club
AB O U T THE CLUB N EW M E M B E R S
Hi
New Members klX
M y name is Miguel Sousa. M y name is M ona Patel.
I come from Rio de Janeiro, I come from Delhi, in India.
in Brazil, and I am a lecturer. I’m a medical student. I like
I play chess with my son. chess very much.
I am Jane Day. I come from I am Deniz Osman. I live in

Sydney, in Australia. I am an m Ankara, in Turkey. I am a
English Language teacher. student. I play chess with
I am a beginner. my friends.
2 Read the webpage. Write the names under the photos.

Check your answers with a partner.
3 Read the webpage again. Answer the questions.

1 Which country does Miguel come from?
i
2 What does he do?
3 Which city does Jane come from?
4 What does she do?
5 Which city does Deniz come from?
6 What does he do?
7 Which country does Mona come from?
8 What does she do?
4 U n it 1 • M eeting people
4 Survey the webpage below. Answer the questions.
1 What is the club?
2 How many people are there in the photos?
www.onlinebookclub.com
O N LIN E Book Club

A B O U T US BO O KS N E W M EM BERS
New Members
Peter Blake com es fro m N ew York.

H e @ an engineer. H e is m arried and
has one daughter. H e likes reading
very much.
Ada and Ninoy Manlapaz co m e from

M anila, in th e Philippines. T hey are
teachers. T h ey are m arried and th e y have
tw o children. T hey read a lo t o f books.
5 Read about the new members. Answer the questions.

1 Which paragraph is about people from the Philippines?
2 Which paragraph is about a person from the USA?
6 Write the names of the people under the photos.

7 Read the rules. Work with a partner. Read the webpage again.
1 (^ i^ lg ) forms of the verb be.
2 Underline the other verbs.
RU LES P re s e n t S im p le (1)
Use the Present Simple to give facts (true information).
The verb be
1 am
a teacher.
He/She lit is
We / You / They are students.
Other verbs
1/ You / We / They come
from Delhi.
He / She / It comes
U n itl • M eeting people 5

K EY LA N G U A G E The alphabet
1 Write the correct small letter next to the capital letter. Check your answers
with a partner.
c s y e Ic V u p X i d n 0 g b q w t cr t' m f h z j 1
A « B c D E F G H 1
J K L M N O P Q R
S T _ u V W X Y z
2 (^ I r d ^ the five vowels in exercise 1.

STUDY SKILL The alphabet

The alphabet has 26 letters. There are 21 consonants, for example, b, c, n, t.
There are five vowels, for example, a. o.
Knowing the alphabet helps you:

■ find words in a dictionary
■ record vocabulary in a notebook or computer file
3 Work with a partner. Write the words in alphabetical order.

1
lecturer
2 student
3 teacher
4 doctor
5 dentist
engineer
6
4 Look at the registration desk

for a conference. Where do
these people go to register?
1 Heinz Ehrhardt E-H
2 Franco Corelli
3 Stella Roberts
4 Gabriella Vancak
5 Abdul Osman
6 Hussein Ibrahim
6 Unit 1 • Meeting people

WRITING Introductions
1 Read the rules. Complete the sentences about you. RU LES A rtic le s a an d an
M y name is . . .
Use a before a word beginning with a consonant;
I come fr o m . . .
a doctor a student
(a m a (n }...
Use an before a word beginning with a
2 Work with a partner. Ask and answer the questions. Make notes. vowel sound:
1 What is your name? an engineer an accountant

2 Where do you come from?
3 What do you do?
3 Write a paragraph about your partner.

M y p a rtn e r’s name Is . . . S h e /H e . . .
Read STUDY SKILL letters. S T U D Y S K IL L P u n c tu a tio n (1}
Use CAPITAL LEHERS for:
1 ■ the start o f sentences: He is a doctor.

r m names o f people and places:jone, Brazil.
■ m the pronoun /:Jane and 1come from Australia.
End sentences with a full stop {.).
Adul Suttikul and Boonwat Mookjai come from Bangkok,

in Thailand. They are computer engineering students. Adul is
20 and Boonwat is 21.
5 Read the student’s paragraph about Max. Add six capital letters, three full
stops, and a question mark.
kvcflx cokwes -frokw uia- he ls doctor he

Is m-flrried has three chlidret^
Read about the Hussein family.

Read STUDY SKILL
S T U D Y S K IL L C h e ck in g y o u r w ritin g (!)
Correct the mistakes.
it is important to check your writing for mistakes. Check:
■ the subject and the verb:
He go to university. / He goes to university, y
■ articles;
She is a engineer X She is an engineer. /
M y hw.sboiiA.d I ookvie frokw v>u.bal. I ctkvc a koustwl-fe, flkvd kwy

hixsbcikvol awe a c-om-ptcterprogrAkvckvcer. He worle Iw a office. W t has
two ohc-ldrew. Akvwed is fo u r awd L ay la ar^zix.. LM îa go to
a Iwterveatlowai school.

VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT Instructions
1 Label the pictures and examples
1-10 with instruction words from the box.
circle complete correct match 1 L rU U
underline write label number add

STUDY SKILL F o llo w in g in s tru c tio n s
It is necessary to read and follow instructions carefully.

Make sure you know the important words, e.g. underline.
engineer 2
doctor I
2 Work with a partner. Follow the instructions.
teacher 3
1 Underline the verb.
She works at a school. read 2
2 (îrc^ the country.

He comes from New Zealand. Spain
3 Label the picture with the correct words. She is ^ engineer.
keyboard screen
3 4
My wflkKC ts
come from in
4 Match the capital letters with the small letters,

1 [G h
2 E i teacher, engineer, S h e Ls ^ t&achtr.
3 IT g doctor,_________ She is a teaclier.
5 Number the countries in alphabetical order.

7 8
□ Japan
n Thailand
n India 1 l Al a l b
2 I BI 1 c She is an engineer
Letters, words, and sentences 3 |C| 1 a
3 Write the words from the box next to examples 1-7. 9 10
consonants letters- nouns a sentence

verbs vowels a word
1 tetters a, b, c, d
2 ______ a. e,i
3 ________ I, m. n
4 ___ international
5 _____ students, doctors
6 _______ write, read, understand
7 ________ I come from London.
4 Look at exercise 3 again. Add one more example for 1-7.
8 U n it 1 • M eeting people
REVIEW
1 Survey the webpage and answer the questions.
1 What is the club?
3 How many new members are there?
University
Backgammon Club
M y nam e is Karim Mansour. I com e from Rabat, in

M o ro cco . I study engineering at university. I play
backgam m on w ith m y friends.
I am Anna Costa. I live in Rio de Jan eiro, in Brazil. I am

a nurse. I w ork in a hospital. I am m arried, and I play
backgam m on w ith m y husband.
2 Read the webpage and answer the questions.

1 What country does Karim come from?
2 What city does he come from?
3 What does he study?
4 Where does he study?
5 Where does Anna live?
6 What does she do?
7 Where does she work?
3 Read the webpage again. Circle forms of the verb be and

underline the other verbs. Check your answers with a partner.
4 Read the student’s paragraph below and find;

• three mistakes with verbs
• two mistakes with punctuation
• two mistakes with articles
M y I tokwes -f-roku. L-okvdokv M y -fathtr t-s a architect ar^d

kvcy toother am- a bu.slkvesswokRflkv. I has okve brother, he is, ± s «kvd he
iz av\, stu-dekvt.
5 Write a paragraph about a member of your family. Write about where they
live and their occupation.
My uncle's/father’s/sister’s name is ... He/She...
6 Check your writing for:

• Present Simple verbs capital letters and full stops articles (a/an)

2 Countries
READING SKILLS Predicting
WRITING SKILLS Linking ideas (1j • Punctuation (2)
VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT Using a dictionary (1)
READING Mountains, seas, and rivers

1 Label the map (1-4) with words from the box.
coastline mountains river East
2 Survey the pictures and the

title of the text. What is the text about?
a) the weather in Spain
b) the land in Spain
c) the people in Spain
STUDY SKILL Predicting

Before you read a text, look at the pictures and title, and predict what
it is about. This:
■ prepares you for reading
■ helps you understand the text
Location
Spain
The geography o f Spain
Spain is a large country in the south o f Europe. It has borders w ith France,
Andorra, and Portugal. It has a long coastline on th e M editerranean Sea. and a
short coastline on th e A tlantic O cean. There are m ountains in Spain, but there is
a lo t o f fla t land, to o . There are tw o im portant rivers, th e Tajo and th e Ebro. The
capital city is M adrid, in th e centre o f th e country. Barcelona is th e second city
o f Spain, and it is on the M editerranean coast.
3 Read the text quickly. Check your answer to exercise 2.
10 Unit 2 • Countries
4 Read the text about Spain again. Answer the questions.
1 Where is Spain?
2 How many countries does Spain border?
3 Are there mountains in Spain?
4 What are the names of the rivers?
5 What is the capital city of Spain?
5 Work with a partner. Survey the pictures and the title of the text below.
What is the text about?
6 Read the text to check your ideas.
Algeria: a large country
\ Algiers
Algerian desert
Algeria is a very large country in North Africa. It has borders

with Morocco, Mauritania, Western Sahara, Mali, Niger,
Libya, and Tunisia. In the north, it has a long coastline on the
Mediterranean Sea. Most o f Algeria is mountains and desert,
but ’ an area of flat land along the coast.
two important rivers in Algeria, the Chelif and the
Seybouse. The capital o f Algeria is Algiers, and it is in the north,
on the Mediterranean Sea.
Location
7 Read the rules. Complete the text about Algeria with there is or RU LES there is / there are
there are. Check your answers with a partner.
Usethere is with one thing. For example:
8 Read the text about Algeria again. Are the sentences true (T ) or false (F )? There is a lot of flat land
1 Algeria is in East Africa. F Use there are with tw o or more things.
2 It has borders with eight other countries. For example:
3 It is on the Mediterranean Sea. There are mountains in Spain.
4 Algeria has tw o important rivers.
5 The capital city is in the south o f the country.
9 Work with a partner. Correct the false sentences.

I Algeria is in North Africa.
U n it 2 • Countries 11
W R IT IN G My country
1 Look at the pairs of sentences. Is a) or b) better?
1 a) Turkey is in Europe. It is also in Asia.
b) Turkey is in Europe, and it is also in Asia.
2 a) Switzerland has borders with five countries, but it does not have a coastline,
b) Switzerland has borders with five countries. It does not have a coastline.
Compare your answers with a partner. Read STUDY SKILL
STUDY SKILL Linking ideas (1}

Linking ideas makes your writing clearer.
■ Use and to link similar ideas. For example:
a) Barcelona is the second city of Spain.
b) It is on the Mediterranean coast
Barcelona is the second city of Spain, and it is on the Mediterranean coast
m Use butto link different ideas. For example:
a) There are mountains in Spain.
b) There is a lot of flat land, too.
There are mountains in Spain, but there is a lot of flat land, too.
2 Complete the sentences with and or but.

1 South Africa is a large country, hut Mali, Chad, and Angola are larger.
2 There are mountains in the east,___in the north it is flat.
3 Brasilia is the capital of Brazil,___Sao Paolo is bigger.
4 Adelaide is a state capital,___Canberra is the national capital.
5 Riyadh is the capital of Saudi Arabia,___it has a population of about
five million people.
Riyadh Canberra
Read STUDY SKILL Put commas in the student’s sentences.

1 M y c o u tiv try Is h o t d r y sw.iA.kvy.
2 C.fliA.berrn S y d k v e y cu^d M cib ow rkve a re c it ie s I ia. A w s t r a ila .
3 SpaliA. exports cars kweoilcliA.es akvoi oil.
4 A r 0 ekvtln.a h a s b o rd ers w ith P a r O 0 w a y B r a z i l B o liv ia lA rw 0 w a y
akvol C-hlle.
STUDY SKILL Punctuation (2)

Use commas (,) after words in a list. For example:
■ It has borders with France, Andorra, and Portugal.
m The capital city has many universities, technical institutes, colleges, and schools.
Using commas makes your writing easier to understand.
4 Read the text. Complete it with and, but, and two commas.
Compare your answers with a partner.
My country
My country is Malaysia. It is in South-East Asia. It
has borders with Thailand Brunei and Indonesia. South China Sea
It has coastlines on the South China Sea ^

the Strait of Malacca. There is flat land around the
coastline, ^____ there are mountains in the
centre of the country. Over half the country has
rainforests. The capital of Malaysia is Kuala Lumpur,
. it is a very modem city.
5 Answer the questions about your country.

1 What is the name of your country?
2 Where is your country?
3 What countries does it border?
4 Where are the coastlines?
5 Are there any mountains and rivers?
6 Is there a desert?
7 What is the capital city?
6 Write a paragraph about your country. Use your answers from exercise 5.
My coMWtry is ... (name), and It is in ... (part of the world)
7 Work with a partner. Check your partner s paragraph for:

• punctuation (capital letters, full stops, and commas)
• grammar (subject and verb agreement, articles)
• linking {and, but)
Unit 2 • Countries 13
VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT Alphabetical order
1 Work with a partner. Write the words in alphabetical order.
Write the groups of words in alphabetical order.
a) b) c)
coastline river mountains
country Riyadh Morocco
capital Rome Mediterranean
climate rainforest Malaysia
1 1 1
2 2 2
3 3 3
4 4 4
Parts of speech
Read STUDY SKILL Look at the dictionary entry and label:
STUDY SKILL Using a dictionary (1)
the meaning the part o f speech • the example
A dictionary gives you information about words.
For example:
■ the part o f speech (noun, verb, or adjective)
■ the meaning
■ an example
Good dictionary skills help your reading and writing.

[a very high hill[T
Kilim anjaro is the
highest m ou n tain in
Africa.
4 Look at the sentences. Underline the nouns and circle the adjectives.
1 Spain is a large country.

2 It is dry in Mexico.
3 In my country, the land is flat.
Work with a partner. What part of speech are the underlined words?
Use a dictionary to check your answers.
1 There are a lot of tourists in Paris, noun
2 It is a long river.
3 The city is in the north.
4 Do you like travelling?
5 What countries does Italy border?
R E V IE W
1 Work with a partner. Survey the pictures and the title.
a) the USA b) Canada c) Alaska
Location
A big country
Canada is a big country in North America. It has coastlines on the
Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, ’ the Arctic Ocean,
a border with the USA. M ost o f the land is flat,
^_______ there are mountains in the w e s t . . a
lot of rivers in Canada. The capital o f Canada is Ottawa. Toronto,
Montreal, ^____________ Vancouver are very important cities, too.
2 Read the text quickly. Check your answer to exercise 1.
3 Read the text again. Complete it with words from the box.
and and but There are There is
4 Write the student’s sentences with capital letters, commas, and full stops.
1 O tta w a U th e oa-pltai o f cakvad a
2 brazt-i is, okv th e atiakvtuo ooeatA-
3 Ukvdla h a s b o rd ers wt-th ■patelstan- ohlkca kvepai b u .rm a ban/0 (ad esh
a w d bhkctakv
4 kw y oow.kvtry h a s kvtou.kvtai.kvs rtv e rs avvd fo re s ts
5 Match questions 1-5 about New Zealand with answers a)-e).

1 Q W here is New Zealand? a) the South Pacific Ocean
2 n W hat countries does it border? b) in Oceania
3 n W hat seas or oceans is it on? c) Wellington
4 n Are there any mountains and rivers? d) it has no borders
5 n W hat is the capital city? e) a lot o f mountains / some flat land /
a lot o f rivers
6 Write a paragraph about New Zealand. Use the information in exercise 5.

New Zealand is in Oceania. It doesn’t have a n y ...
U n it 2 • Countries 15
3 Your studies
READING SKILLS Skimming
KEY LANGUAGE Time expressions • Days o f the week
WRITING SKILLS W riting sentences • Checking your writing (2)
VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT Recording vocabulary (1)
READING Everyday
1 Work in small groups. Answer the questions.
1 Do you have lectures every day?
2 Do you study every day?
3 Which days do you see your friends?
2 Work with a partner. Answer the questions.

1 How many photos are there?
2 How many people are there in the photos?
Read STUDY SKILL Skim the text. Which paragraph is about... ?
a) a chemistry student
b) a maths student
c) medical students
STUDY SKILL Skimming
Skimming is reading a text quickly to find general information, for example

who the text is about.
University of South London

COURSES DEPARTMENT CONTACT
M e e t o u r s tu d e n ts
n Conrad Delzer is 19. He is a chemistry student. He goes to the

university every day. In the mornings, he works in the lab. At
12.30, he has lunch in the cafeteria. In the afternoons, he has
lectures. He goes home at 5.00. In the evenings, he works on his
computer and checks his emails.
Q Malika Fahri and Yasmin Hamdi study medicine. They have
lectures in the mornings. They work in the lab in the afternoons.
They go home at 6.00. In the evenings, they study at home. At
the weekend, they see their friends.
n Martino Basti gets up at 7.45. He leaves home and goes to the
university at 8.15. Martino studies maths. He has lectures in the
mornings, and he works on his computer in the afternoons. He
does his homework and goes on the Internet in the evenings.
4 Write the names of the people under the photos.
16 Units • Your studies

5 Read the text on page 16. Work with a partner and answer the questions.
Conrad
1 How old is he?
2 Where does he have lunch?
3 What does he do in the afternoons?
Malika and Yasmin
4 When do they have lectures?
5 What do they do in the afternoons?
6 When do they see their friends?
Martino
7 When does he get up?
8 What does he do in the mornings?
9 When does he do his homework?
6 Work with a partner. Look at the two photos below. Answer the questions.
1 Where are the people?
2 What do they do?
7 Skim the text and look at the photos above. Which photo matches the text?
Dr Sudhir Mahoob is a lecturer in business studies. He gives lectures at 9.00

on Mondays and 11.30 on Thursdays. He works in his office in the afternoons.
He does research. He uses his computer, and he reads books. He has seminars
on Friday mornings. At the weekend, he plays with his children, and he goes
to football matches.
8 Read the text. Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)?
1 Dr Mahoob gives lectures on Mondays.
2 He works in the library in the afternoons.
3 On Friday mornings, he does research.
4 At the weekend, he goes to football matches.
Unit 3 • Your studies 17

K EY LA N G U A G E Time
1 Write the times in the box under the clocks.
4.00 3.15 10.30 2.45
Time expressions
2 Read the rules. Circle five more time expressions with at, in, on in the text. RULES Prepositions of time
W e use different prepositions o f tim e in, at on
with different time expressions.
(^ n S aturda^^ Martino gets up at 8.00.
In a part o f the day:
He goes to the gym in the mornings
He watches television in the evenings.
and in the afternoons, he watches
At a time / the weekend:
TV. He likes sports programmes.
At the weekend, he gets up at 8.30.
He visits his friends in the evenings.
On a day, and a part o f the day:
He doesn’t work at the weekend. On Mondays, he teaches.
On Monday mornings, he gives a lecture.
Complete the sentences with in, on, and at.

1 Conrad gets u p ___8.30 on Sundays.
He doesn’t have lectures___Monday mornings.
the weekend, Malika and Yasmin go on the Internet,
the afternoons, the students have lectures.
Yasmin works in the library___Wednesdays.
Days of the week

4 Write the days of the week in the correct order. Use a capital letter at the
beginning of each day. Which days are the weekend in your country?
Friday Monday- Saturday Sunday Thursday Tuesday Wednesday
Monday,
5 Find and underline four days of the week in exercises 2 and 3.

W R IT IN G Your day
Complete the table with sentences 1-3.
Read STUDY SKILL
STUDY SKILL W riting sentences
1 Malika and Yasmin study medicine. A simple sentence has a subject, a verb, and an object.
2 They use a computer. A sentence starts with a capital letter and ends with
3 Dr Mahoob reads books. a full stop.

Martino studies maths.
subject 1 verb object / t \
subject verb object
1
2 Write the words in the correct order to make sentences.

Remember to start with a capital letter and end with a full stop.
1 studies / she / physics She studies physics.
2 football / plays / he
3 do / their homework / they
4 his computer / he / uses
5 sh e/co ffee/d rin ks
3 Complete the text with the verbs in the box.
1 study nursing. 1 ^________ at 7.00 in the morning and

I breakfast. I the university at 8.00.1 have
lectures in the mornings. I have lunch in the cafeteria at 12.00. In the
afternoons, 1 __________ in the lab. In the evenings, I work in the
library. I ^ the computers. I go home at 8.00 and have
dinner. I ®__________ television, and I ^__________ the Internet.
4 Answer the questions about you. Compare your answers with a partner.
1 What do you study?
2 When do you get up?
3 When is your first lecture?
4 Do you work in the library?
5 When do you have lunch?
6 What do you do in the evenings?
7 When do you go to bed?
5 Write a paragraph about your normal day.

I study_i get up a t...
6 Work with a partner. STUDY SKILL Checking your writing (2)

Correct the student’s spelling mistake underlined in each sentence.
1 I 00 to worte otA. vygdekvôlfl^s. Check your writing for spelling mistakes.
2 He watches television. In. the evn/ln.0 s . howwork /

homework /
3 Mailtea worfes In. the ilbry,.
if you use a computer, use the spell check tool:
4 She has iw,n.ch In. the cafetlrla.
■ Choose English as the language.
5 Martln .0 0 os to the 9 yn.c at the weeteen.d.
■ Look for words that are underlined in colour.
7 Work with a partner. Check your partner’s paragraph from exercise 5

for spelling and punctuation mistakes.

V O C A B U L A R Y D E V E LO P M E N T Words that go together
1 Look at the pictures. Match the verbs with the nouns.
STUDY SKILL Recording vocabulary (1}
Write the correct words under the pictures.
Some verbs and nouns go together, for example;
verbs nouns ■ watch + 7Y
give lunch ■ study * medicine
have a lecture When you record vocabulary, make a note of
read a computer words that go together.
use a book
a b c d
2 Circle the correct verb.

1 Tania does / makes her homework in the afternoons.
2 The students have / do some research in the library in the mornings.
3 Dr Miners makes / gives a seminar at 2.00.
4 Yann reads / gives articles on his computer.
5 Mario does / has dinner at 7.00.
6 Lara visits / goes friends at weekends.
3 Work in small groups. Add the verbs from the box to the nouns.
check give go to have read send write
Complete the sentences with words from exercises 2 and 3 and a time
expression. Compare your answers with a partner.
1 I check my emails mthe mornmgs.
2 I send ...
3 I read ...
4 I do ...
5 I have...
6 I write ...

R E V IE W
1 Work with a partner. Look at the photos and answer the questions.
1 Where are the people?
2 Are they students or lecturers?
2 Skim the texts and match them to the photos. What do Paul and Tania study?
Q Paul studies engineering. Every day he gets up at 7.30 and goes to

the university. He has lectures in the mornings. He has lunch at 1.00
and in the afternoons, he works in the computer centre. He goes
home at 5.30. In the evenings, he works on his computer.
il Tania is 20 years old. She studies Spanish and French. She works
in the multimedia centre on Monday and Wednesday mornings. In
the afternoons, she works in the library. She has lectures on Tuesday
and Thursday afternoons. On Fridays, she visits her friends.
3 Work with a partner. Complete the questions with the correct preposition.
1 What does Paul d o _____1.00?
2 What does he do the afternoons?
3 What does Tania do Wednesday mornings?
4 What does she do Fridays?
4 Read the texts and answer the questions in exercise 3.
5 Look at the pictures. Match the verbs with the nouns. Write the correct words
under the pictures.
verbs nouns
drives television
gives to work
has lunch
uses a lecture
watches his computer
W hat does Robert do on Wednesdays?
6 Write a paragraph about what Robert does on Wednesdays.

On Wednesdays, Robert works a t the university. He drives to work a t ?.0 0 an d ...
7 Work with a partner. Check your partner s writing in exercise 6 for spelling
and grammar mistakes.

4 Where we work
READING SKILLS Finding important words • Scanning
WRITING SKILLS Linking ideas (2j
RESEARCH Using a search engine (1)
VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT Recording vocabulary (2}
R EA D IN G Where do they work?

1 Do you work a) in the library b) at home c) in the cafeteria
2 Do you w o rk-..? a) alone b) with a friend c) with a group o f friends
3 Do you w o rk...? a) in silence b) with music c) with the TV on
_____________
Read STUDY SKILL Read the sentences.
STUDY SKILL Finding important words
Underline the important words.
1 When does he arrive at the library? in texts, underline the important words.
2 What is her job? These are usually:
3 He studies engineering. ■ nouns, for example/ob

4 They work in a big office. ■ verbs, for example studies
5 Where does she work? m adjectives, for example big
Check your answers with a partner. In questions, also underline the question word and
think about what it means. For example;
3 Read the title of the text on page 23. What is the text about? ■ Where tells you to look for a place.
a) work b) study c) free time ■ Why tells you to look for a reason (because).
This helps you to find the information you need.

4 Read paragraph 1 of the text on page 23, and look at the photos below.
Which photo matches the text?
22 Unit 4 • Where we work

5 Read the questions and underline the important words. Compare your
answers with a partner.
1 Where is the new research from?
2 Why are open-plan offices good?
3 What are the disadvantages of open-plan offices?
4 Why do people get ill more easily?
5 Do many companies think open-plan offices are good or bad?
6 Scan the text. Find and underline the important | STUDY SKILL Scanning
words from the questions in exercise 5. Check your answers
with a partner. Scanning is reading quickly to find information.
Before you read, ask:

7 Read the text and answer the questions in exercise 5.
■ W hat information do you need?
■ W hat words in the text give you the information?
Scan the text to find these words and underline them.
Open-plan offices: new research

The research
People all around th e w orld w ork in offices. Som e people w ork in
small o ffices fo r one o r tw o people, but a lo t o f p eople now w ork
in open-plan offices. In these offices, people w ork to g eth er in one
big room . N e w research fro m A ustralia shows th a t th ere are
advantages and disadvantages to these offices.
W hat’s good?
The research shows th ree reasons to have open-plan offices. Firstly, in open-plan o ffices a lo t
o f people can w ork in a small area. Secondly, it is easy fo r people to talk to w ork colleagues
because th e y are in th e sam e room . Finally, open-plan o ffices are cheaper fo r com panies
because th e y use less electricity.
W hat’s bad?
The research also shows som e disadvantages. Som e people do not w ork w ell in open-plan
o ffices because th e y are noisy. It is also d ifficu lt to talk p rivately in open-plan offices. Finally,
researchers think th a t people get ill m ore easily because th e y w ork near each other.
Open-plan offices - good or bad?

The research concludes th a t th ere are advantages and disadvantages to open-plan offices,
but m any com panies think th a t th e advantages o f having open-plan o ffices are greater than
th e disadvantages.
U nit 4 • W h ere w e w ork 23

W R IT IN G A good place to work
Look at the pairs of sentences. Is a) or b) better?
1 a) I like going to class. I meet my friends there.
b) I like going to class because I meet my friends there.
2 a) it is difficult to work in open-plan offices because they are noisy,

b) It is difficult to work in open-plan offices. They are noisy.
Compare your answers with a partner. Read STUDY SKILL
STUDY SKILL Linking ideas (2)

Usebecause to link ideas, it answers the question Whyl
m Why are Open-plan offices cheaper?
m Open-plan offices are cheaper because they use less electricity.
Linking ideas makes your writing clearer.
2 Match the start of a sentence with the correct ending. Link the sentences
with because.
1 0 Learning English is important a) it is quiet.
2 CH The library is a good place to work b) they want good jobs.
3 CH Internet shopping is good because c) it is good for your health.
4 CH Many people go to university d) it is a world language.
5 □ Taking exercise is important e} you can shop from home.
Learning English Is Important because It Is a world language.
3 Work with a partner. Link the sentences using because.

1 I like working in the library. It is quiet.
I like working In the library because It Is quiet.
2 I travel by car. I like driving. m
3 I study biology and chemistry. I want to be a doctor.
4 I play squash and tennis. I like sport.
5 The course is interesting. The teachers are good.
4 Complete the sentences with information about you.

Compare your sentences with a partner.
1 I like / don’t like learning English because ...
2 I go / don’t go to the library because ...
3 I like / don’t like watching TV because ...
4 I get up early / don’t get up early because ...
5 I study__________ (subject) because ...

5 Work with a partner. Complete the text with words and phrases from the box.
a lot evenings law lecture theatre library quiet
My name is David Leow and I am a ^__________

student. I study in three places. I have classes in
the \ ______________ .in the mornings. In the
afternoons, I work in the ^ and in the
^__________ , I study at home. I don’t like studying
in the library because there are of
people. I like studying at home because it is
Make notes about you in the chart.

1 W here do you study?
2 When do you study?
3 Which places do you like? W hy?
4 Which places don’t you like? W hy not?
W h ere?
W hen?
Places 1like
Places 1don't like
7 Write a short paragraph about where you study. Use your notes from
exercise 6. Link your ideas with and, but, and because.
My name is ... and I am a . . . . I ...
8 Work with a partner. Check your partner’s work for mistakes in:
• grammar (articles, tim e prepositions, subject and verb agreement)
• punctuation (full stops, commas, capital letters)
• spelling
• linking words (ond.buf, because)
Unit 4 • Where we work 25

RESEA RCH Search engines
Work with a partner.
Read STUDY SKILL
STUDY SKILL Using a search engine (1)
Underline the important words.
1 Where is the Euphrates? Use a search engine on your computer, for example Google or Yahoo, to find
information you need.
2 Which countries border Thailand?
■ Choose important words (question words, nouns, and verbs).
3 W hat is the population o f Japan?
■ Spell the words carefully.
4 W hat does ‘career’ mean?
■ Use ‘define;’ to find the meaning o f the word. For example, ‘define: profession’,
5 W hat types o f engineering are there? m Use first names and family names for people, for example Alexander Bell.
6 W hat is Karl Benz famous for?
2 Write the underlined words from exercise 1 to put

in a search engine. Check your answers with a partner.
1 where Euphrates_________
2 ________________________ _
3 ______________________________
4 ______________________________
5 ____________________
6 _________________________
3 Use a search engine on your computer to answer the questions in exercise 1.
V O C A B U L A R Y D E V E LO P M E N T Vocabulary records
1 Put the words into alphabetical order. Check your answers with a partner.
1
cheap
2
drawing
health
3
spell 4
know 5
career 6
STUDY SKILL Recording vocabulary (2)
It is important to keep a record o f new vocabulary.
W rite the new words in a notebook or computer file. Write:
2 Use a dictionary and make vocabulary
■ the word
records for three words in exercise 1.
■ the part o f speech, e.g. noun, verb, adverb, adjective
■ the meaning
■ an example sentence
■ a translation
word 1 part of speech 1 meaning 1 example sentence translation
career NOUN a Job you learn to do and then do for years Medicine is a good career. carriere
3 Compare your records with a partner.

R E V IE W
1 Look at the pictures. Who is the text about?
a) doctors b) engineers c) teachers
A n im p o r t a n t j o b
Civil engineers do important work. They design and build bridges, roads, railways,
and airports. Some of the time they work in offices. They use computers to plan
their work. They can also work outside in a lot of different places, for example,
in deserts, on the sea, and in our cities. Sometimes, working outside is difficult
because of the weather. Civil engineers also work long hours and weekends, but
they like their work because it is important and useful.
2 Skim the text and check your answer to exercise 1.
3 Underline the important words in the questions.

1 W hat do civil engineers build?
2 W hat do they use to plan their work?
3 W hat are the three examples o f outside work places?
4 W hy is working outside difficult?
5 W hy do civil engineers like their work?
4 Scan the text in exercise 1. Find and underline the important words from the
questions in exercise 3.
5 Read the text and answer the questions in exercise 3.
6 Complete the text below with and, but, and because. Check your answers with
a partner.
My nam e’s Liu Yang, I’m a civil engineer. Civil engineering is

a good career ^_____________you can go to a lot of different places. I work in
an office in the city most of the time, ^__________ I also work outside on
building sites sometimes. I like working in both places ____ they are
different. My office is clean ^ quiet. the building site
is dirty noisy.
Unit 4 • Where we work 27

5 Signs and instructions
READING SKILLS Understanding a text
WRITING SKILLS Completing a form
R EA D IN G Signs - an international language

1 What signs are there in the streets in your town?
2 What signs do you have in your university or college?
2 Work with a partner.

STUDY SKILLS REVIEW Understanding a text
Survey the pictures and the text Signs around the world.
Answer the questions. Use different reading skills to get the information you
1 What is the text about? need from a text:
2 What do the signs in pictures a-c mean? ■ surveying (see Study Skill p4)
3 How many paragraphs are there in the text? ■ predicting (see Study Skill p10)
■ skimming (see Study Skill p16]
■ scanning (see Study Skill p23)
S ig n s a ro u n d th e w o r ld 0
Signs give us information or instructions. They have writing or
pictures on them. Today, many countries around the world use the
same signs.
It is important that these signs are easy and clear for everyone to
understand. There are rules about the shape and colour. A circle is
an instruction or order, for example ‘no entry’. A triangle tells you
about a danger, for example ‘large animals crossing the road’.
A rectangle gives you information, for example ‘exit’, or ‘leave here’.
The colour of a sign is also important. For example, red is for 0
danger and green is for safety.
Signs are a kind of international language, and everyone can
understand them because they are the same in many countries.
3 Skim the text Signs around the world. Which topics does the text discuss?
a) the size o f signs b) the colour o f signs c) the shape o f signs
E
4 Read the questions and underline the important words.
1 W hat does a circle mean?
2 W hat does a triangle mean?
3 W hat does a rectangle mean?
4 W hat do the colours red and green mean?
5 Scan the text and answer the questions in exercise 4.
28 Unit 5 • Signs and instructions

6 Work with a partner. Survey the notice below. What is it about?
a) a lecture b) a library c) a cafeteria
RULES
1 Do not bring your bags into the library.
Leave them in the lockers.
2 Show your student ID card to the librarian,
3 Do not eat or drink in the library.
4 Do not smoke in the library.
5 Turn off your mobile phone.
6 Talk quietly.
7 Use a memory stick to save documents on
the library computers.
7 Work with a partner. Look at the signs. What do they mean?
8 Skim the notice in exercise 6. Match signs a-e with rules 1-7.
Which rules do not have a sign?
9 Scan the notice and answer the questions.

1 Where do you leave your bags?
2 Who wants to see your student identity card?
3 Can you talk?
4 Why do you need a memory stick?
Unit 5 • Signs and instructions 29

W R IT IN G Forms
1 Match the words and short phrases 1-8
Read STUDY SKILL
STUDY SKILL Completing a form
with the meanings a)-h).
1 [H First name{s) a) W hat is your nationality? To complete a form correctly, read and follow the instructions
carefully. For example:
2 n Family name b) W hat do you do?
■ Use CAPITAL LEHERS.
3 n Address c) Sign your name here.
■ Tick the box \7\
4 n Date o f birth d) W here do you live?
Forms often use short phrases, not questions or sentences.
5 n Place o f birth e) When were you born? For example;
6 n Occupation f) W here were you born? ■ Place o f birth (= Where were you born?)
7 n Nationality g) W hat are your first name(s)?
8 n Signature h) W hat is your family name?
2 Complete the form about Hiroko with words and phrases from exercise 1.
Landing card for the UK

P le a s e c o m p le te c le a rly in C A P I T A L letters.
F a m ily n a m e ^T O
F irs t nam e(s) H im o
D a te o f b irth
1 Kyoro, TAPAN
2 ^TUP&NT
3 rAPAN5f>6
A d d r e s s in th e U K 12^ v ic ro m po ap, m
4

3 Work with a partner. Look at the completed form. Find three mistakes.
Tanbury Sports Club

Registration form Tsc
Please use CAPITAL letters and black ink.
First name(s) Hiroko

Family name SATO
Date of birth
Occupation ^TUP5NT
Tick the sports you are interested in

Football n Basketball [X] Swimming CH Running D Volleyball CH
4 Complete the form with information about you.
Highfield University
L ibrary A pplication Form
Use black ink and CAPITAL letters.
First name
Family name
Date of birth
Address
Telephone number
Course title
Please tick
Year of study Q 1st year Q 2nd year O 3rd year
5 Work with a partner. Check your partner s form.

V O C A B U L A R Y D E V E LO P M E N T Topic areas
1 Work with a partner.
STUDY SKILL Recording vocabulary (3)
Write the words from the box in the table.
You can record vocabulary by topic. For example:
black blue circle green rectangle People at university: Places:
red- square triangle white lecturer lab
student library
librarian multimedia centre
colours shapes
Add to the topic groups in your notebooks when you learn new words.
red
2 Work with a partner. Add three words to each topic.

Use your own ideas.
subjects at university geographical features

engineering mountains
law deserts
3 Put the words into two groups. Choose a heading for

each group. Compare your answers with a partner.
basketball bus car football plane

running swimming taxi train volleyball
4 In 60 seconds, write words for the topic ‘jobs’.

Jobs
a doctor

R E V IE W
1 Work with a partner. Survey the text below. What is it?
a) an advertisement b) a notice c) an essay
Fire action
If you hear the fire alarm, follow the instructions:
1 Stay calm.
2 Leave the building.
3 Do not run.
4 Do not use the lift.
5 Go to the assembly point.
6 Do not go back into the building until it Is safe.
2 Look at the signs. What do they mean?
3 Skim the text in exercise 1. Match signs a-c with three of the
instructions 1-6.
4 Scan the text. Answer the questions.

1 What does it tell you to do?
2 What does it tell you not to do?
5 Work with a partner. Ask questions and complete the form with information
about your partner. Check your partner’s form is correct.
S tu d e n t c a rd University of South Lonckm
Use CAPITAL letters. Write in blue or black ink only.

First name{s)
Family name
Address
Date of birth
Mobile phone number
Course title

6 Health and medicine
READING SKILLS Understanding pronouns
WRITING SKILLS Avoiding repetition
VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT Recognizing parts o f speech
READING Good health

1 Look at the photos. Work in small groups.
What do people do to stay healthy? Think about:
• sport • food • work / free time
2 Work with a partner. Survey the picture and text.

Answer the questions.
1 Where is the text from?
a) a textbook
b) an online encyclopedia
2 What does the picture show?
3 What is the text about? Doing exercise A fruit and vegetable market
C hapter 3 Health and hygiene

Health and hygiene are important all over the world today,
and they were important in the past. People from different
parts of the world made useful discoveries about health
and hygiene. These discoveries are still important today.
Medicine developed in the ancient world first. The
Egyptians made many medical discoveries. For example,
they used surgery to treat people. Later, the Greeks
thought a healthy life was important. They wanted people
to eat good food, to take exercise, and to sleep well. For
the Romans, hygiene was important. They built public
baths. They also had pipes to carry away dirty water
E .' ■ ■
because it causes disease.
In the Middle East, medicine was also important. In
Baghdad, people built the first important hospital in the
world. It opened in 850 CE. Later, more hospitals opened
in the Middle East, and doctors studied medicine and
took exams.
Europeans used the information from these early doctors,
and made more developments in the next 1,000 years.
For example, in the 19th century, Florence Nightingale
saved many people’s lives because she made hospitals
clean and safe.
An Egyptian priest pouring medicine
Good public health today is a result of the work of people
from around the world. All these people in the past helped
jt to develop and improve.
145
34 Unit 6 • Medicine
3 Skim the text. Match topics a)-e) with paragraphs 1-5.
a) [1 ] Egyptians, Greeks, and Romans
b} CH the first hospital
c) n public health today
d) O a European woman
e) n the importance o f health and hygiene
4 Scan the text and answer the questions.

1 What three things did the Greeks want people to do?
2 What did the Romans build?
3 Where was the first important hospital?
4 What did Florence Nightingale do?
5 Look at the
S T U D Y S K IL L Understanding pronouns
underlined pronouns in the text.
Choose the noun that each pronoun W riters sometimes use pronouns, for example, he, she, it, they, in place o f nouns,
replaces. because they do not want to repeat the noun. For example:
Paragraph! ■ Florence Nightingale she

1 They m the Romans they
a) healthy life b) the Greeks The pronoun refers to a noun that comes before. For example.
c) international history
2 it The Egyptians made many medical discoveries. They used surgery to treat people.
a) pipes b) hygiene c) dirty water
Paragraph 4 m In Baghdad people built the first important hospital in the world. It opened in 850 CE.
3 She Understanding pronouns helps you understand a text.
a) Florence Nightingale
b) hospitals
c) the 19th century
Paragraph 5
4 it
a) the world b) public health c) people
6 Read the rules. Circle three regular Past Simple verbs and five irregular
Past Simple verbs in paragraph 2 of the text.
RU LES P a st Sim p le
To talk about events in the past, use the Past Simple,

-ed or -d.
■ W ith regular verbs, add
want —► wanted They wanted people to eat good food.
use —► used They used surgery to treat people.
m W ith verbs ending replace the -y with -ied.
study —► studied People studied medicine.
m Many common verbs are irregular.
build - ► built They built public baths.
write —► wrote He wrote a book.
be —► was! were Medicine was important for the Romans.
There were many different discoveries.
Unit 6 • Medicine 35
W R IT IN G Medical discoveries
1 Work with a partner. Look at the pair of sentences.
Is a) or b) better? Why?
a) In Baghdad, people built the first important hospital in the world.
It opened in 850 CE.
b) In Baghdad, people built the first important hospital in the world.
The first important hospital opened in 850 CE.
2 Read the rules. Underline the subject pronouns and circle the
object pronouns in the sentences.
1 She wrote many books. She wrote (^ le i^ in English.
2 I read about the Romans. They built many cities.
3 Jamil sent me an email. He wrote it on his phone.
4 Please give us your address.
5 They told her about the lecture.
RULES Pronouns
Use subject and object pronouns in place o f nouns.
An early doctor seeing a patient
Subject pronouns / you he she it we they
O bject pronouns me you him her it us them
Read STUDY SKILL Work with a partner. Complete the

sentences with a subject pronoun from the rules box. STUDY SKILL Avoiding repetition
Health was important for the Egyptians._____ W e use pronouns to avoid repeating a noun. For example:
used surgery to treat diseases. ■ Florence Nightingale worked in hospitals.
John is a scientist________ does research at a Florence Nightingale She made hospitals them clean and safe.
hospital. Use pronouns to improve your writing.
3 We read an article on the Internet. was

very interesting.
4 My sister is a dentist._______ works in the city.
5 My brother and I are medical students________ study at the
same university.
4 Complete the sentences with an object pronoun from the rules box.
1 Paul finished his homework yesterday and gave_______ to the
teacher this morning.
2 The student read about the Greeks and he wrote an essay about
3 Anna is a medical researcher. I m et____ at a conference.

4 We saw Adam yesterday. We spoke t o _ __after the lecture.
5 I didn’t go to the lecture. Could you give ____ your notes,
please?
A medical researcher
5 Read the paragraph. Are the underlined words subjects (S) or objects (O)?
A s p ir in
Aspirin has a long history. Many years ago the
Greeks discovered an important tree. The Greeks
used the tree to make a medicine. The medicine
stopped pain. Years later, scientists studied the
medicine and the scientists called the medicine
‘Aspirin’. People use Aspirin today to stop pain.
6 Replace the underlined words in exercise 5 with the correct pronouns.

7 Rewrite the student’s paragraph. Use pronouns to avoid repetition.
A Brutish wouvniA/, M ary MoiA.ta0u., lived luv Tkrteey luvthe

el0hteercth oeuctucry. M ary Mokvta0uc had two ohlidrcuv. Her ohlidrekv
0Ot III. M ary toote her ehlldreuv to see a Tucrtelsh doctor. The doctor
helped the chlidrerc. M ary wcuvt bacte to Brltalrc. M ary told people
abouct the m rte lsh doctor, years later; B ritish doctor ucsed the
Tucrtelsh doctor'^ Ideas to m.atee a kvuedlcluve. The uvuedlcl^ve w as the
f i r s t vaccine, vaccluves stop people 0ettl^v0 III.
8 Compare your answers with a partner. Answer the questions.

1 How many subject pronouns did you use?
2 How many object pronouns did you use?
A doctor giving a vaccine to a child
VOCABULARY DEVELOPMENT Nouns and verbs
1 Are the underlined words in each pair of
Read STUDY SKILL
sentences nouns or verbs?

1 a) Did she answer the question?
b) Did she know the answer?
2 a) My father is a teacher.
b) He teaches at a university.
3 a) W hat did he discover?

b) He made an important discovery.
STUDY SKILL Recognizing parts o f speech

Some verbs and nouns are related.
begin
Some nouns have the same form as the verb.
■ to circle a circle
Some nouns have a similar form to the verb, but have a noun ending.
beginner
■ to end ending
m
m
to teach
to introduce
teacher
introduction beginning
Some verbs have more than one noun.
■ to begin a beginner (the person) the beginning (the activity)
Making a note o f nouns and verbs increases your vocabulary.
2 Work with a partner. Use a dictionary to find one or more nouns for each
verb. Underline the noun endings. teach
verbs 1 nouns
1 email email
teacher
2 introduce
3 educate
4 meet
5 discuss
6 lecture
7 write
3 Look at the sentences. Are the missing words verbs or nouns?

noun The scientist made an important d
Dr Singh t maths at the university.
Send me an e ______________if you have any questions.
W e can discuss this at the m tomorrow.
It’s important for students to get a good e
4 Complete the sentences in exercise 3 with words from exercises 1 and 2.
5 Work with a partner. Write sentences using the words in the box.
introduce introduction mean meaning write writer
’d (ike to introduce you to Dr Ahmed.
R E V IE W
1 Work with a partner. Survey the photo and the text. Answer the questions.
1 What does the photo show?
2 Where does the text come from?
2 Skim the text. Match topics a)-c) to paragraphs 1-3.

a) O chemicals in our food
b) O chemicals to stop malaria
c) D the importance o f chemicals
www.science-encyclopedia.com Search
C h e m ic a ls a n d h e a lth
Q Many chemicals are important for our health. People started using Quinine leaves and bark
chemicals years ago. They keep us healthy in different ways.
Q In tropical countries, malaria is a serious problem. People had ]t more than 4,000
years ago. In South America, people used a substance from a tree to treat malaria.
They called it quinine. In China, they used a substance called artemisinin. Both
quinine and artemisinin helped stop malaria, and people still use them today.
n Food also stops disease. In the past, scientists studied food and its effect on
disease. In 1912, a Polish scientist, Casimir Funk, did experiments on fruit and a type
of rice. He found some chemicals in the food, and he called them vitamins. Vitamins
are necessary in our food because they keep us healthy.
3 Work with a partner. Scan the text and answer the questions.
1 Where is malaria a serious problem?
2 Where does quinine come from?
3 Why do people use quinine?
4 What did Casimir Funk call the chemicals in food?
5 Why are they important?
4 Look at the underlined pronouns in the text. Choose the noun that each
pronoun replaces.
Paragraph 1 1 They a) people b) chemicals c) years
Paragraph 2 2 it a) people b) tropical countries c) malaria
3 them a) people b) malaria c) quinine and artemisin
Paragraph 3 4 He a) food b) diseases c) a Polish scientist
5 Rewrite the student’s paragraph. Use pronouns to avoid repetition.
Akvother sct-cn-tlst did cm- ex-perliacetvt w ith food avui dl&ease Li/v the I 2 th cei^tuty.
For a loiA-g tim ^, sailors ocv bocits got t-K on- Ion-0 trip s because sailors bad n-o fru it
arui \/e0etflbies at sea. In- ± y ^ y - cm- Bvuîish doctor,javues L-ln-d, decided to do av^
experlrvcen-t on- sailors.jarues Lcn-ol 0C?ve the sailors lem-on-Ji-cloe, c?n-o( the sailors
sta y ed healthy a t sea. The ien-ton-ju.toe had Vitavuiu, c In- it. vitavuiu, c t-s 0ood for
our stec^v an^d bon-es avui feeeps ics healthy.
6 Work with a partner. Compare your answers.

1 How many subject pronouns did you use?
2 How many object pronouns did you use?
7 The history of transport
READING SKILLS Making notes (1)
KEY LANGUAGE Ordinal numbers • Dates
WRITING SKILLS W riting from notes
R EA D IN G Important first flights

1 What do scientists do in space?
2 Is space research a good thing?
3 Would you like to travel in space? Why (not)?
2 Work with a partner. Survey the photos and text. Answer the questions.
1 What do the photos show?
2 What is the title?
4 What is the text about?
Three steps into space

Three people, Yuri Gagarin, Valentina Tereshkova, and Neil
Armstrong, all achieved important firsts in space.
Yuri Gagarin, a Russian, was always interested in space.

He learned to fly at college, and in 1960 he becam e a pilot.
A year later, on 12th April 1961, he was the first person to travel
into space, in the spaceship Vostok.
Two years later, a young Russian, Valentina Tereshkova, becam e

the first woman in space. Tereshkova was a twenty-six year old
factory worker. Then she joined the Russian space programme,
and on 16th June 1963 she left Earth in Vostok 6.
Six years later, three Americans left Earth in Apollo 11. On 20th
July 1969, they landed on the moon. Neil Armstrong left the
spaceship and became the first person to walk on the moon.
3 Skim the text. Match photos a-c with paragraphs 2-4.
4 Scan the text. Complete the sentences with the correct number or date.
1 Gagarin became a pilot in
2 He went into space on April
3 Tereshkova left Earth on _ _June
4 She travelled in Vostok.
5 years later, the Americans left Earth in Apollo
6 Apollo . landed on the moon on 20th July
40 U nit? • The history of transport

5 Read the text on page 40 again and complete the notes in STUDY SKILL Making notes (1)
the table. Compare your answers with a partner.
When you read, make notes o f useful
name Yuri Gagarin information. Look for:
■ important words
nationality American
■ names
spaceship Vostok 6 ■ numbers and dates
date IZth April m i
first
6 Survey the photos and the text below. What is the text about?
Cornu's helicopter The Montgolfier balloon
In th e history o f flying, there are three im portant inventions, th e hot-air balloon,

the plane, and th e helicopter.
In th e eighteenth century, th e M ontgolfier brothers from France designed and
made a hot-air balloon. The first flight w ith people was on th e 21st N ovem ber 1783.
The balloon flew fo r four minutes.
Tw o Am erican brothers, O rville and W ilbu r W right, designed and built a plane. They
called it the Kitty Hawk. On th e 17th Decem ber 1903, th e y flew th e plane fo r the
first tim e. They flew fo r 12 seconds.
Four years later, another Frenchman, Paul Cornu, built a helicopter. On th e 13th
N ovem ber 1907, Cornu left the ground in his helicopter and flew fo r 20 seconds.
7 Skim the text. Match photos a-c with paragraphs 2-4.
8 Read the text. Complete the notes in the table. Compare your answers
with a partner.
inventions hot-air balloon
inventors
nationality American
date of first flight
time of first flight 20 seconds
U nit 7 • The history o f tran sport 41

K EY LA N G U A G E Ordinal numbers
1 Write the words in the box
Read STUDY SKILL
STUDY SKILL O rd in a l n um b ers
next to the ordinal numbers.
Ordinal numbers are used for:
■ dates, for example 7th September
eighth fifth Ml J l fourth ninth second
seventh sixth tenth third m centuries (= 100 years), for example 19th century (= from 1800 to 1899)
■ the order o f something, for example first, second, third
ht firs t 6th It is important to understand how to read and write them.

7nd 7th 1 first 1st 2 second 2nd 3 third 3rd
3rd 8th
Most other ordinal numbers use th. For example:
4th 9th
4 fourth 4th, 5 fifth 5th
5th 10th
Write the words as ordinal numbers. Check your

eighteenth I?th
nineteenth
twentieth
twenty-first
twenty-third
3 Match years 1-4 with centuries a)-d).

1 O 1969 a) 21st century
2 n 1783 b) nineteenth century
3 n 2001 c) 20th century
4 n 1830 d) eighteenth century
4 In 60 seconds, answer the questions. Compare your answers with a partner.

1 What is the 12th letter of the alphabet?
2 What is the 3rd letter of the alphabet?
Dates
5 Write the months of the year in the correct order.
January,
April August December February January July

June March May November October September
STUDY SKILL D ates
Compare your answers with a partner. Dates in British English are written:
day / month / year
Write the dates. Use an ordinal number, the name of the
month, and the year. In academic writing, use ordinals and
the name o f the month:
a) 11/10/2012 Ilth October 2012 c) 21/2/2011
b) 30/11/2010 d) 23/4/2013
■ 26th February 2011
In notes, use numbers:
7 Write the following dates in two ways: ■ 26/2/2011
notes academic writing Start days o f the week and months o f the
1 your date o f birth year with a capital letter.
2 an important date for your country ______ ■ Monday, Tuesday. January, February
3 an important date for your family ______
42 U n ity • The history o f transport

WRITING Trains
1 Label the photos with the words in the box.
passenger train underground train
2 Skim paragraph 1 of the text below.

a) the speed o f trains b) the price o f trains c) the history o f trains
R a ilw a y firsts
There were two important developments in railway history in England in the
nineteenth century. One was the development of a long-distance train service for
people. The second development was the introduction of the first underground
train service.
The first long-distance train service started on 15* September 1830. It went a
distance of 56 kilometres from Liverpool to Manchester. The engineer was George
Stephenson. After a few weeks, it was very successful and carried thousands of
people.
The other development was the first...
Read STUDY SKILL Read paragraph 2 of the text. Number the notes 1-5 in
STUDY SKILL W r itin g fro m n o tes
the order they are in the text.
When you are writing from your notes:
■ Decide what the first point, and what the
second point is.
date \s/o<i/m o □
■ Number your notes.
where Liverpool to Manchester □
what first long-distance passenger train m ■ W rite your text in order.
engineer George Stephenson □

distance 56 km □
Read the notes for paragraph 3 of

the text. Decide the order of the where London □
notes 1-5. Compare your ideas
with a partner. distance 6.2 km □
engineer John Fowler □
date I0/0I/i?63 □
what first underground train
5 Write paragraph 3 of the text about railway firsts. Use the notes in your order
1-5 in exercise 4.
6 Work with a partner. Check your partner’s paragraph for mistakes with:
• dates
• verbs and prepositions
• punctuation (capital letters, commas, full stops)
U n it? • The history o f tran sport 43

V O C A B U L A R Y D E V E LO P M E N T Verbs in the Past Simple
1 Work with a partner. Write the regular and irregular verbs in the table.
arrived became regular irregular
called did
arrived became
learned left
paid started
travelled went
Use a dictionary
Read STU D Y S K ILL
STUDY SKILL U sing a d ic tio n a ry (2)
to find the Past Simple of the verbs.
Compare your answers with Good dictionaries give the irregular forms
b e g in / b r g m / ve rb (b e g in s ,
a partner. o f verbs.
b e g in n in g , b e g a n / b i 'g s n / , h a s b e g u n
begin began Many dictionaries also have a list o f /br'gAn/)
1 to start to do som ething or start to
teach irregular verbs.
happen o s a m e m e a n i n g s ta r t: I'm
see Use a dictionary (book, online, electronic) b e g in n in g to feel cold, o The film b e gin s at
7 .3 0 .
drive to check the spelling o f the Past Simple
2 to start in a particular way; The n a m e lo h n
know o f verbs. b e g in s w ith a o o p p o s it e end
t o b e g i n w i t h at first; at the beginning: To
b e g in w ith th e y were very happy.
Complete the sentences with the
P W HICH W ORD ?
verb in brackets in the Past Simple.
B e g in or s t a r t ?
Use a dictionary to help. In f in it iv e P a st te n se P a s t p a r tic ip le B e g in and s t a r t both mean the same
thing, but s t a r t is more often used in
1 The teacher (write) beat beat beaten speaking: S h a ll w e eat n o w ? I 'm starting to
the new words on the board. becom e became becom e feel hungry.
My tu to r__________ (send) me b e g in began begun

Definitions from the O xford Essential Diollonary e O xford University Pre»
an email about my homework.

3 I __________ (have) an English exam yesterday.
4 W e_______ (read) a story in English in class.
5 Yousef and I _______ (do) the exercise together.
Verb + preposition
4 Work with a partner. Circle the correct preposition. Use a dictionary to help.
1 Work(^fn)/ by a partner.
2 Look in / at the board.
3 Listen to / of your partner’s presentation.
4 Turn in / to page 60.
5 Ask/or t from help if you don’t understand.
6 Talk in / to your partners and ask them the questions.
Work with a partner. Complete the sentences with the correct prepositions.
Use a dictionary to help.
1 My homework is to write _ ____ the history of ships.
2 Yesterday we talked_____ the history of transport.
3 Last night I prepared____ _ the maths test.
4 That bag belongs_______ _ Professor Lopez,
5 Give your essay your teacher. STUDY SKILL R e co rd in g v o c a b u la ry (4)
Make a vocabulary record for the verbs and

Read STU D Y S K ILL To help you use a verb correctly, record the prepositions
prepositions below. Write your own example sentences. that follow it. W rite example sentences for the verb and
each o f its prepositions. For example:
1 come from 2 look for 3 talk about 4 arrive in
w rite
come from verb + prep Past: came from
■ I wrote an email to my teacher,
+ place/couHtry of birtli Example: I come from Rio de Janeiro
m I wrote about electric trains for my homework.
44 U n it ? • The history o f transport

REVIEW
1 Survey the pictures from a text.
Is the text about... ?
a) sailing in the Mediterranean
b) sailing across the Atlantic
c) sailing around the world
2 Skim the text. Match the person in the photo with

one of the paragraphs 2-4.
Sailing firsts
Who was the first person to sail around the world? We don’t know for sure, but in the
history of round-the-world sailing, three people achieved important firsts.
Francis Chichester, from England, was a great sailor. On 27th August 1966, he sailed
his boat Gypsy Moth around the world. He returned to England on 28th May 1967 after
226 days sailing. He was the first person to sail single-handed around the world from
west to east.
Twenty-one years later, Kay Cottee became the first woman to sail around the world
without stopping. Kay, an Australian, left her country on 29th November 1987 in her
boat First Lady, and returned to Sydney on 5th June 1988. She was at sea for 189 days.
Another Australian, David Dicks, also achieved an important first. He became the
youngest person to sail non-stop around the world. In February 1996, at the age
of seventeen, David left Australia in his boat, Seaflight. He returned to Australia in
November 1996, after nine months at sea.
3 Read the text. Complete the notes in the table.

who what when how long name o f boat
Francis Chichester
2^/11/87 - 5 / 6 / 8 ?
youngest person to sail around world non-stop Months
4 Read the notes for a paragraph about important firsts in car racing.
Number the notes 1-3.
what where when winning car speed km/h
1st Formula 1grand prix (take place) Silverstone, England 13/5/W SO Alfa Romeo (win) (be) 146
1st car race (be) France 22/7/I8< ?4 Peugeot (win) (b e )N
1st ‘grand prix’ race (be) Le Mans, France 2 7 /6 /N 0 6 Renault (win) (be) 101
5 Write a paragraph about car racing. Use the notes in exercise 4.

Use the verbs in brackets.
Title:Car racing-, some Iwportant firsts
The firs t car race was in France on 22nd Ju ly A Peugeot won the race. Its speed
was I<7 km/h.
6 Check your paragraph for mistakes with;

• dates
• verbs and prepositions
• punctuation (capital letters, commas, full stops)
U n it? • The history o f tran sport 45

8 Doing business
READING SKILLS Making notes (2)
WRITING SKILLS Writing polite emails
R EA D IN G The business of sport

1 Are there big sports competitions in your country? Which sports?
2 Why do countries have big sports competitions?
3 Why do business students study sports?
2 Skim the emails. Which email asks the students to ... ?
a) prepare a talk
b) read some texts and make notes
l ooo ooo
1 From: Hil3rv.Bales@sw3nton.3c.uk From: Philip,Stanlev@swanton.ac.uk
■ To: Econ 2 12 To: Business Studies Group 4B
Subject: Business as sport homework Subject: Marketing course
Date: 23/03/12 Date: 21/03/12
Dear all, Dearstudents,

Please read the text on the website www.businessassport/ Please prepare a short talk on online marketing. Use different
football.org and make notes on it, Bring your notes to the sources to find your information. The talk is for next week.
next class, Best wishes,
Best wishes, Philip Stanley
Hilary Bales Lecturer In Business Studies
Senior Lecturer In Marketing
3 Work with a partner. Survey the webpage The Business of Sport on page 47.
What is it about?
Skim the webpage.

Read STUDY SKILL
S T U D Y S K IL L M ak in g n o te s (2)
Match headings a)-e) with paragraphs 1-7. Which two
paragraphs do not have a heading? To make notes:
a) n Money from TV ■ Skim the text and write a heading for each paragraph.
b) O The business o f football ■ Scan each paragraph and underline the most important words.
■ W rite the underlined words under the paragraph headings.
c) D Selling players
d) O Advertising
e) O Conclusion
5 Work with a partner. Choose the best headings for the other two paragraphs.
CH Selling tickets d ! Football on TV d Selling products d Football shirts
6 Write all the headings above the correct paragraphs on the web page.
46 U n it 8 • Doing business
G § LG §LG
The Business of Sport
Today, sport is a business, and football is a good example. Football dubs need
money to pay the players. There are five ways for the clubs to make money.
Firstly, dubs sell tickets for the matches. A ticket for a match can be very expensive
The clubs also sell season tickets. These are tickets for all the matches in one year.
Secondly, companies pay clubs to advertise. For example, there are signs for their
products at the stadium and their logo is on the players’ shirts.
Some clubs make money from TV companies. This is usually only the big clubs, but it
can be a lot of money for them.
Clubs also sell products, for example, football shirts or hats. They sell their products
in their shops and on the Internet. A lot of people buy them.
Finally, a football club can sell a player to another club for a lot of money. Clubs can
only do this twice a year.
All clubs do these things, but only the top clubs get rich from them. Other sports
also have to make money and they use the same ways.
7 Scan the text and underline the important words in each paragraph.
8 Make notes. Write the heading and important words for each paragraph.
The business of football
dubs heed money - pay players
5 ways
9 Use your notes in exercise 8 to answer the questions.

1 How many ways do football clubs make money?
2 What is the name for a ticket for all the matches in a year?
3 How do companies advertise at a football club?
4 What do clubs sell on the Internet?
5 What can clubs do twice a year?
U n it 8 • Doing business 47
W R IT IN G Polite emails
1 Skim the emails and answer the questions.
1 Who are the emails to?
2 Who are they from?
3 Which one is polite?
[ O O O
1 From: jack.carter@tmail.com
* To: diana.stuart@wellington.ac.nz
Subject: the effect of money on sport
Date: 12.10,2012
Hello,
Here is my homework. Sorry I didn't go to your lecture
yesterday. I was ill. Can you send me the handouts? Also,
want to talk to you about my studies.
Email me.
Bye,
Jack Carter
ooo
.£ From:
To:
ana.g0 n2 alez@interdub.com
diana.stuart@wellington.ac.nz
Subject: the effect of money on sport
Date: 12.10,2012
Dear Dr Stuart,
Please find attached my homework.
I am sorry that I missed your lecture yesterday on 'The effect
of money on sport'. 1was ill. Please could you send me the
handouts? Also, I would like to talk to you about my studies.
I look forward to hearing from you.
Best wishes,
Ana Gonzalez
2 Scan email b and answer the questions.

1 Did Ana do her homework?
2 When was the lecture?
3 What was the lecture on?
4 Why didn’t Ana go to the lecture?
5 What does she want the lecturer to send her?
3 Look at these phrases from email a. Read email b and underline the polite
phrases with the same meanings.
1 Hello
2 Here is my homework.
3 Sorry 1 didn’t go to your lecture.
4 Can you send me the handouts?
5 I want to talk to you.
6 Email me.
7 Bye
48 Unit 8 • Doing business

4 Match polite phrases 1-5 with endings a)-e)
to make polite sentences.
1 CH Please could a) my essay.
2 n 1am sorry that b) we meet tomorrow?
3 n Please find attached c) talk to you about the course.
4 n 1look forward to d) it is late.
5 O 1would like to e) meeting you next week.
S T U D Y S K IL L W r itin g p o lite em ails
Learn and use polite phrases to write emails. For example:

■ Dear Dr Stuart
m Please find attached the PowerPoint for my presentation,
m lam sorry that it is late,
m Please could you send me the handouts?
m I would like to talk to you about my essay,
m I look forward to seeing you tomorrow,
m Best wishes, Ana Gonzalez
5 Read the email from Dr Brown. What does she want students to do?
[OOP
From: Mona.Brown@swanton.ac.uk
To: Business Studies Group 46
Subject: Date for essays
Date: 15/04/12
Dearall,
Please send your essays by 22nd April. There is a new reading
list for this term.
Best wishes,
Mona Brown
Senior Lecturer in Business Studies
Write an email to Dr Brown.

• Start the email correctly.
• Say that you are attaching your essay.
• Say it is late and you are sorry.
• Say you want a copy o f the reading list.
• End the email correctly.
Work with a partner. Read your partner’s email and check it for:
• polite phrases
• spelling
• capital letters
• punctuation
V O C A B U L A R Y D EV ELO PM EN T
Words with more than one meaning
1 Read STUDY SKILL Look at the pairs of sentences 1-4. STUDY SKILL Using a dictionary (3)
Write the part of speech for the underlined words.
Compare your answers with a partner. Some words have more than one meaning.
For example, kind can be a noun or an
adjective with tw o different meanings.
part of speech meaning
■ Look at all the entries for a word when
1 a) Dr Stuart wrote a book about marketing, noun you look it up in a dictionary.
b) Did you book a room for the meeting? ■ Choose the correct part o f speech and
meaning.
2 a) The table shows the results o f the study,
b) He left his computer on the table. kind^ On /kamd/ n o u n
a g ro u p o f th in g s or people that are the
3 a) Connect the mouse to the computer, sam e in s o m e w a y o s a m e m e a n i n g s o r t or
t y p e ; W h a t k i n d o f m u s ic d o y o u lik e ? o The
b) A mouse ran across the floor.
s h o p sells ten different k in d s o f bread.
4 a) Underline the correct answer. k in d ^ On /kamd/ od/ectiVe( k in d e r ,

k in d e s t )
b) The teacher is going to correct the exercise.
friendly and good to other people: ‘C a n I
c a rr y y o u r b a g ? ’ ‘ T h a n k s. T h a t ’s v e ry k i n d o f
y o u .’ o B e k i n d t o a n im a ls.
Work with a partner. Look at the dictionary entries for the words in O O PPO SIT E u n k in d
exercise 1. Complete the table in exercise 1 with the number of the correct
meaning for each word.
book'* On /buk/ n o u n m ouse (H* /maus/ n o u n {p lu ra l m ice c o r r e c t ^ CHr /ka'rekt/ a d je ctiv e

a thing that you read or write in, that has a /mars/) right or true; with no mistakes: W h a t is th e
lot of pieces of paper joined together inside 1 a small animal with a long tail: O u r ca t correct time, p le a s e ? o A ll y o u r a n s w e r s were
a cover: T m r e a d in g a b o o k b y C e o r g e Orwell. c a u g h t a m ou se. correct. O O PP O S IT E in c o r r e c t
0 a n exe rcise b o o k (= a book that you write in 2 a thing that you move with your hand to ► c o r r e c t l y /ke'rektli/ a d v e r b : H a v e I spelt
at school) tell a computer what to do y o u r n a m e co rre c tly ?
b o o k ^ /buk/ verb ( b o o k s , b o o k i n g , C O PP O S IT E in c o r r e c t iy
b o o k e d /bukt/)
c o r r e c t ^ 0-w /ka'rekt/ verb ( c o r r e c t s ,
to arrange to have or do something later: W e
c o r r e c t in g , c o r r e c t e d )
b o o k e d a tab le for s ix a t the re sta uran t, o T h e
to show where the mistakes are in
h o te l is fu lly b o o k e d (= all the rooms are full).
something and make it right: T h e c la ss d id
the exe rcises a n d th e te a ch e r co rre cte d them , o
ta b le o-m /'teibl/ n o u n 4 Ple a se co rrect m e if I m a k e a m istake.
1 a piece of furniture with a flat top on legs:

a coffee tab le o Look at Picture Dictionary mice
page P10.
2 a list of facts or numbers: There is a t a b le o f
irre g u la r v e rb s a t th e b a c k o f this dictionary.
Definitions from ttie Oxford Essential Dictionary €> Oxford University Press
3 Work with a partner. Use a dictionary to find two meanings for the words.
hard
virus
park
match
4 Write an example sentence for each meaning of the words in exercise 3.
50 U n it 8 • Doing business
REVIEW
1 Work with a partner. Survey the text and the picture. What is the text about?
Sports and television

Television shows a lot of sports programmes. Sport on TV is a big
business and many people benefit from it.
When TV started in the 1940s, it showed sports. They were very

popular because, for the first time, many people could watch important
games. More people bought televisions and watched more sport.
The TV companies paid the sports clubs and organizations a lot of money,
and this is still true today. For example, in 1985 they paid $45 million to
show the top basketball games in the USA. European TV companies paid
760 million euros to show the summer and winter Olympics of 2010 and 2012.
How do the TV companies make money from sport? They sell time on television to other
companies. These companies advertise their products at sports matches and competitions.
Millions of people watch the sport and see the advertisements.
Showing sports on TV has advantages for the top sports clubs and TV companies. Also, people
around the world can watch their favourite sports at home.
2 Skim the text. Match headings a)-b) with two of the paragraphs 1-5.
a) [ U The business o f sport and TV
b) n How TV companies make money
3 Write headings for the other paragraphs. Write all the headings above the
correct paragraphs in the text. Compare your answers with a partner.
4 Scan the text and underline the important words in each paragraph.
5 Make notes. Write the heading and important words for each paragraph.
6 Use your notes in exercise 5 to answer the questions.

1 Why was TV popular with sports fans in the 1940s?
2 Who makes money from sport on TV?
3 How do TV companies make money from sport?
4 Why do companies advertise at sports matches and competitions?
7 Write an email to your teacher.

• Start the email correctly.
• Say that you are sorry you did not go to his / her lecture last week.
• Ask for the handouts from the lecture.
• Say that you are attaching the homework on sport and TV.
• End the email correctly.
8 Work with a partner. Read your partner’s email and check it for:
• polite phrases • spelling • capital letters • punctuation
9 Water
READING SKILLS Understanding tables and charts (1) and (2)
WRITING SKILLS Describing statistics
R EA D IN G Using water STUDY SKILL Understanding tables and charts (1)

1 Work with a partner. What do you use water for? Tables and bar charts show statistics. They are often used to
Make a list in 30 seconds. compare numbers. Look at:
■ the title
Read STUDY SKILL Survey the table and answer the
■ the headings and topics
questions.
■ the numbers
1 What is the title of the table?
Use the tables and charts to help you understand a text.
2 What are the headings in the table?
3 How many products are there in the table?
Litres of water necessary to produc e one kilo of food
product apples potatoes bread sugar rice chicken beef chocolate
litres of water 700 900 1,800 1,800 2,500 3,600 15,500 16,000
3 Scan the table and answer the questions.

1 How much water do we use to produce a kilo of potatoes?
2 Which product needs 3,600 litres of water?
3 Which product needs the most water?
4 Read the text and scan the table again. Correct mistakes 1-5 in the text.
Water for food

W e need w ater to grow plants and to produce food. The table shows the
number o f litres o f w ater necessary to produce 'seven gight_______ kinds o f food.
The numbers are very different. For example, it takes ^9 00 ____________ litres
to produce a kilo o f apples, but 15,500 litres
for a kilo o f ^chicken . W e use
the same number o f litres o f w ater to
produce a kilo o f bread as a kilo o f
“^rlce ,. For chocolate it takes
about ^26,000 litres.
W h y are these numbers so different? Som e

foods, such as b eef and chocolate, use
more w ater because they take a long tim e
to produce.
52 Unit 9 • Water
5 Work with a partner. Survey the bar chart and answer the questions.
1 What is the title of the chart?
2 How many countries are there?
The use of water in different countries

Countries use water for three main reasons; in the
home, for farming, and in industry. The bar chart shows
the number o f litres o f water that people use in six
countries. It is very different around the world. In the
USA it is more than 550 litres a day, and in Australia the
number is about the same as in the USA. In Japan it is
375 litres, and in China the number is less than in Japan,
at 100 litres.
W ater is cheap in many countries and we use a lot o f

it in our homes, but we use more to produce food and
other goods.
There is a problem in many countries nowadays because

we don’t have much water. In the future, we need to
find more, or use less.
How many litres of water do people Washing a car

use a day?
U SA Australia Japan Brazil UK China
H litres of water
_____________
Read STU D Y SK IL L Read the text and scan the bar chart to
STU D Y SK ILL Understanding tables and charts (2)
answer the questions.
1 What are the three main uses of water? When you read a table or bar chart:
2 How much water do people in Australia use? ■ use a pencil or your finger to help you read the numbers.
3 Which country uses only 100 litres per day? ■ check the numbers in the text with the table or bar chart.
4 How much water do people in Brazil use?
5 Do we use more water in the home or in industry?
6 What is the problem in many countries?
7 What do we need to do?
U nit 9 • W a te r 53
W R IT IN G More or less
1 Look at the pictures and write sentences. Use the phrases
more than / less than / the same as. Compare your answers with a partner.
STUDY SKILL Describing statistics

Learn phrases to describe statistics. For example:
■ The bar chart shows the number of litres of water necessary to produce some food,
m In China the number is less than inJapan.
m Some foods use more water because they take a long time to produce,
m In Australia, the number is (about) the same as in the USA.
people / Thailand / eat / more / rice / people / Japan people / Germany / eat / more / bread / people /
°eop\e in Thailand eat more rice than people In Japan. the UK
------------------------------------------
%
%
3 people / Argentina / eat / less / fish / people / China 4 people / Pakistan / drink / the same number /
cups o f tea / people / India
2 Survey the table and answer the questions.

2 What are the headings?
How many cups of coffee do people drink a day?
country cups of coffee per day
Finland 10
Germany 7
USA 5
Australia 2
Japan 2
Oman 1
Scan the table. Are the sentences true (T) or false (F)?
1 In Finland people drink less coffee than in Germany.
2 People drink more coffee in Germany than in the USA.
3 People in Australia and Japan drink the same amount of coffee.
4 People drink less coffee in Japan than in Oman.
54 Unit 9 • Water
4 Scan the table on page 54 again and complete the text below.
Use the words in the box.
as less more more same shows than
C o ffe e a ro u n d th e w o r ld
Coffee is a very popular drink. The table ^__________how many cups of
coffee people drink in a day. People drink coffee in Finland
^__________ in other countries. They drink about ten cups a day.
In Australia people drink the ^__________ number ®__________ in
Japan, but people in Oman drink coffee, only one cup a day.
Do people drink __________ coffee in some countries because the
weather is cold?
5 Survey the bar chart below and answer the questions.

1 What is the title?
2 How many countries are there?
How many litres of bottled water

did people drink in 2009?
Mexico United Spain Thailand Saudi Hong

Arab Arabia Kong
Emirates
litres of bottled water per person
6 Scan the bar chart and answer the questions.

1 Which country used more bottled water than the other countries?
2 How much bottled water did people drink in Spain?
3 Which two countries drank the same number of litres of bottled water?
4 Which country used less bottled water than the other countries?
7 Write a description of the bar chart. Use your answers in exercise 6.

The b a r chart shows how many litres of bottled water people drank around the world In
2004. People in Mexico used ...
8 Work with a partner. Check your partner s writing for:

• spelling
• punctuation
• grammar
V O C A B U L A R Y D E V E LO P M E N T Opposite adjectives
Match adjectives 1-5
Read STUDY SKILL
S T U D Y S K IL L R e co rd in g v o c a b u la ry (5)
with their opposites a)-e).
Many adjectives have an opposite. For example, the opposite o f large is small.
1 □ wet a) cold Some adjectives use a prefix, such as un or in. to make an opposite.
b) long For example, important ^ unimportant.

2 □ noisy
Some adjectives have 2 opposites; a different word, and the same word with a
3 □ short c) bad
prefix. For example, expensive ^ inexpensive, cheap,
4 □ hot d) quiet
m Use your dictionary to find the opposite(s) o f an adjective.
5 □ good e) dry ■ Record adjectives with their opposite(s) to increase your vocabulary.
2 Work with a partner. Write the opposite of the adjectives from the box.
big difficult new rich right
1 easy
2
3
4
small
wrong
poor
big
5 old
small
Underline the adjectives in the sentences. Compare your answers with
a partner.
1 In the 19th century, trains were very slow.
2 Juan is always late for class.
3 My email box is full.
4 Aminta always gets high marks in maths.
Work with a partner. Use a dictionary to find opposites for the adjectives
old
in exercise 3.
Write the opposite of the adjectives using a prefix un- or in-. Use your
dictionary to help.
new
1 important UHlwportawt
2 popular
3 dependent
4 complete
5 successful
6 Work with a partner. Use a dictionary to find two opposites for each adjective.
clean dirty unclean
interesting
safe
healthy
correct

1 Which subject at school was easy for you?
2 Which subject at school was difficult for you?
3 Where is a cheap place to eat in your town?
4 Where is an expensive place to eat?
5 Where is a quiet place to work?
6 Where is a noisy place to live?
7 What foods are healthy?
8 What foods are unhealthy?
56 U n it 9 • W a te r
R E V IE W
1 Work with a partner. Look at the title of the text and the photo. What do you
think the text is about?
a) drinking water b) water sports c) the oceans
2 Survey the table and answer the questions.

3
2 What are the headings? A
3 How many oceans are there in the table?
An important resource
The oceans co ver about 70% o f the w orld’s surface and
contain 97% o f th e Earth’s w ater. There are five oceans,
and they are all connected.
The table shows th e size o f th e oceans. The Pacific

O cean is very big and covers an area o f about 150 million
square kilom etres. The A tlantic O cean is half th e size o f th e Pacific O cean and
The size of the oceans
about th e same size as th e Indian O cean. Scientists named th e Southern O cean
fo r the first tim e in 2000. It surrounds Antarctica. The A rctic O cean is quite ocean size (million sq km)
small and very cold. It is covered by ice in th e w inter.
Pacific 155
The oceans are very im portant. They give us a lo t o f our food , and some Atlantic 77
countries now change sea w ater in to drinking w ater, too. W e can also use Indian 69
oceans to transport goods, and w e can find minerals in them . For all these
Southern 20
reasons, w e need to take care o f th e oceans and keep them clean.
Arctic 14
3 Read the text and scan the table. Answer the questions.
1 How much of the Earth’s water is in the oceans? Global use of water between 1960 and 2010
2 How big is the Atlantic Ocean?
3 When was the Southern Ocean named? 2500
4 Which is the third ocean in size?
5 Which ocean is covered by ice in winter?
2,000
6 What do we use the oceans for? 2000
4 The bar chart on the right shows the use of water in 1960
and 2010. Scan the bar chart and answer the questions. 1500
1 In 1960, how much water did people use for:

a) agriculture? b) industry? c) the home? to
"o 1000
2 In 2010, did people use more or less water than 1960 for;
E
a) agriculture? b) industry? c) the home? 650
3 Which figures in 1960 are about the same as the figures for 2010?
500
5 Use your answers in exercise 4 to write a description of the

use of water in 1960 and 2010.
The bar chart shows the global use of water in 14*60 and 2010. In 1^60 1960 2010
6 Work with a partner. Check your partner’s writing for; I Agriculture

• spelling • punctuation • grammar I Industry
Home
10 Ambition and success
READING SKILLS Understanding the organization o f a text
WRITING SKILLS Writing a paragraph • Checking your writing (3)
RESEARCH Using a search engine (2) • Checking information
R EA D IN G Great ideas
1 Work in small groups. Discuss the questions.
1 Do you like shopping? Why (not)?
2 Where do you shop?
3 Do you shop on the Internet? Why (not)?
4 What do people buy on the Internet?
2 Work with a partner. Survey the photos on page 59.

Predict the topic of the text.
3 Skim the text. Were your ideas in exercise 2 correct?
4 Underline the first sentence

in each paragraph in the text. Match headings a)-d)
with paragraphs 1-4. Write the headings in the text.
a) Q ] An interesting start
b) D Amazon today
c) G Starting the business
d) G A new idea
S T U D Y S K IL L U n d e rsta n d in g th e o rg a n iz a tio n o f a te x t
A topic sentence tells you what a paragraph is about, it is often the

first sentence. Skim the text and underline the topic sentence in each
paragraph. This helps you find information quickly.
5 Work with a partner. Decide which paragraph 1-4 has the answer
to each question.
a) G How many countries did he sell books to?
b) G How richisBezos?
c) G W hat did big companies use computer sciences to do?
d) G W hat does Amazon sell now?
e) G When did he open his online shop?
f) G When did he have his new idea?

g) G w here was Bezos born?
h) G Which university did Bezos goto?
6 Go to the correct paragraph to answer the questions in exercise 5.

58 U n it 10 • Am bition and success

5amazon.com
A success story k , — ^ P r im e
Je ff Bezos
Ah iHterestmfl start
Je f f Bezos was born in th e U SA in 1964. W h e n he was a child,

he was very interested in science and com puters. A fte r school,
he w e n t to Princeton University. H e planned to study physics,
but changed to co m p u ter science and electrical engineering
because he loved com puters.
In th e early 1990s, Bezos had an idea fo r a new business. He

w orked fo r big com panies on W a ll S tre e t in N e w York. He knew
th a t these com panies used com puter sciences to study the
business m arket. H e also noticed th a t m ore and m ore people
used th e In tern et e ve ry year fo r business, but n o t fo r ordinary
shopping. So, a fte r m ore research, he decid ed to start an online
book shop.
Goods in a warehouse
O n 16th Ju ly 1995, Bezos started his new business. H e opened

his online shop from his garage. H e called his business Am azon,
and in one m onth he sold books in e ve ry state in th e U SA and
in 45 d iffe re n t countries around th e w orld. By Septem ber, it had
$20,000 o f sales e ve ry w eek.
Today, Am azon.com is a huge success. It sells co m p u ter games,

DVDs, electronics, and m any o th e r things, as w ell as books.
In to tal, it sells m ore than 20 m illion d iffe re n t products. It has
m ore than 10% o f all online sales in th e U SA, and its creator, Je ff
Bezos, is a billionaire.
Goods ready for delivery
U nit 10 • Am bition and success 59

W R IT IN G Success
1 Sentences a)-f) are from a paragraph about Kiran
Mazumdar-Shaw. Write number 1 next to the topic sentence
and number 6 next to the final sentence.
a} 0 At first, it was a very small company,
b) n But she worked hard, and the company began to grow.
c) 0 Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw is a successful businesswoman.
d) 0 In 1978, she started a biotech company. Biocon, in a garage.
e) n She was born in 1953 in Bangalore, in India.
f) Q Today, Biocon is one o f the leading biotech companies in the world.
STUDY SKILL W riting a paragraph

Kiran Mazumdar-Shaw
A good paragraph is well-organized.
The topic sentence tells the reader what the paragraph is about.
Middle sentences are:

■ on the same topic
■ organized logically
The final sentence concludes the topic.
2 Look at the sentences in exercise 1 again. Number the middle

sentences from 2 to 5. Compare your answers with a partner.
3 Use the notes below to write a paragraph about Tamara Mellon. Write full
sentences in the same order as the headings. Start with the topic sentence.
Topic
Tamara Mellon - successful businesswoman
Early life________
born England N67
worked for Vogue (fashion magazine)
New idea
liked shoes
decided to sell expensive shoes
Start of company
opened 1st shop London l<T^6 with designer Jimmy Choo
Success
now - over 110shops worldwide
Tamara Mellon
Tamara Mellon is a successful businesswoman. She
60 Unit 10 • Ambition and success

Read STU D Y SK IL L Read the students paragraph. S T U D Y S K IL L C h e ck in g y o u r w ritin g (3)
Find and correct:
• tw o punctuation mistakes Before you hand in an essay, it is important to check it Look for mistakes in;
• tw o spelling mistakes ■ punctuation, for example capital letters, full stops, commas
• one grammar mistake (article) ■ spelling, for example irregular plural nouns, and Past Simple verbs
• one linking word mistake ■ grammar, for example subject and verb agreement, articles
Compare your answers with a partner. ■ sentence structure, for example subject +verb +object
■ linking words, for example and, but, because
s e r 0 e y B rlw aw d i_«rry oo-fouvcded <ôo0ie t-w 1 ^ 2 .

T hey m.et at s>tavvford \Ayii\Jtys.it^, b u t d tc id td to (oote at
search techw oio0ys, t h a t is,, how to ftwol u^vfbrm.att.ovv ow the
iwteriA^t. T h is 0ave th e i^ a idta fo r a wew co^vtpa w y ovc y^V\
s e p t e w c b e r i ^ ? , th e y s ta r td th e ir buslvvess Ivc a 0 a ra 0 e , iltee
Jfrff bezos. A t f ir s t. It 0 o t ab o u t ±0,000 searches a d a y , b u t
vcow I t 0Cts over two bllllotA,.
5 Check your paragraph from exercise 3 on page 60 for mistakes.
RESEA RC H Finding the right information

Read STU D Y SK IL L Work with a partner. You need to
S T U D Y S K IL L U sin g a se a rch e n g in e (2)
find out the information in 1-8. Look at the search
engine screen and write where you can find the Use a search engine to find different types o f information. Go to:
information. Write Web, Images, Maps, or Translate. ■ W eb for facts, for example dates, capitals, names, etc.
1 a photograph o f Sebastian Vettel, the racing driver Images ■ Images for photographs, pictures, etc.
2 the countries that border Zambia ■ Maps for countries, cities, etc.
3 the word ‘efficient’ in your language ■ Translate for changing a word from one language to another
4 where Sabeer Bhatia was born
5 the capital city o f Morocco
6 the date o f the first supersonic flight by Concorde
7 where the shop ‘Harrods’ is in London
8 a picture o f the Ferrari 458 Italia
IM A G E S TR A N S LA TE
Sebastian Vettel Search
2 Use a search engine to find the information in exercise 1. Compare your


3 Read the information from websites 1 and 2. ST U D Y S K IL L C h e ck in g in fo rm a tio n
Find two differences.
Some websites are open. This means that the information
can be changed.
www.jsmith.blogs.com Search
B Other websites are business or personal sites. This means
that the information is not always accurate. Always check
[ack Smith's history o f Hotmail your information on tw o or more websites.
W elcom e to my history o f Hotmail. Today, Hotmail
is the world’s largest email provider with 50 million
users. Bhatia started the company in 1996 and sold it to
M icrosoft in 1998.
|j] busrnet. com Search
BUSINESS FORUM
Hotmail is the world’s largest web-based email
service, with nearly 364 million users. Microsoft
bought Hotmail in 1997.
4 Look at the information from website 3, an online encyclopedia.

lo n g fo rd en c.ac.u k Search
Compare the information with websites 1 and 2.
Choose the correct answers a) or b).
B
Longford Encyclopedia
1 W hen did Microsoft buy Hotmail?
Microsoft bought Hotmail in 1997. Today it has
a) 1997 b) 1998
hundreds of millions of users around the world.
2 How many Hotmail users are there?
a} 50 million people b) more than 360 million people
5 Look at the headings for notes about Sabeer Bhatia.

Number the headings in the order you will write about them.
□ new idea j
Topic:
Sabeer Bhatia,
creator o f
Hotmail
□ start of
company
Sabeer Bhatia
6 Use a search engine to find two pieces of information to write

under each heading.
7 Write a paragraph about Sabeer Bhatia. Use your notes from exercise 6.
Remember to write:
• a topic sentence
• middle sentences in a logical order
• a final sentence
8 Check your work for mistakes.
62 U n it 10 • Am bition and success

REVIEW
1 Skim the text and underline the topic sentence in
each paragraph.
2 Match headings a)-d) to the topic sentence of each

paragraph 1-4. Write the headings in the text.
a) □ In te rn a tio n a l success
b) □ L earning
c) □ S tartin g th e b u sin ess

d) H ] T he b u sin essm an
3 Read the questions. Which paragraph (1-4) has the

answer to each question?
a) @ How many people work for Superdry today?
b) D W hat did he do after school? The story of Superdry

c) D W hat was his new idea?
d) O W hat parts o f the world have Superdry shops? The busihessman
e) O W here did he open his first shop? Julian Dunkerton is a

f) O W hy did Superdry become successful in 2005?
successful businessman.
He is the founder of the
g) O W hy didn’t he go to university to study medicine?
clothing brand ‘Superdry’.
4 Read the text and answer the questions in exercise 3. He was bom in England in
1965. He wanted to be a
5 Choose a successful person from your country. Use a doctor, but he did not get
search engine to find information about the person. good exam results at school.
Write notes about: So, when he left school, he Julian Dunkerton
• early life and education did not go to university, but
• career started selling clothes in a market.
• achievements
6 Write a paragraph about the person from exercise 5. At the market, he learnt a lot about people. He
• W rite a topic sentence. learnt about what clothes they liked and what
• Organize the middle sentences logically. clothes they did not like. He realized that there
• W rite a final sentence. were lots of people who wanted fashionable and
• Check your work for mistakes. cool clothes but did not want ‘strange’ clothing. He
decided to design and sell clothes for these people.
He started his new business with very little money.

He called his business ‘Cult Clothing’. But when he
opened his first shop in London in 2004, he called
it ‘Superdry’. The company became very successful
in 2005 because David Beckham, an English
footballer, wore a Superdry T-shirt.
Superdry today is a huge international success.

It has shops in Europe, the Middle East, Asia,
Australia, and the Americas, and it employs
thousands of people. Julian Dunkerton started
selling clothes in a market, but today he is a
multi-millionaire.

WORD LIST
d o c to r n /ˈ d ɒ k tə (r) / p a ra g r a p h n /ˈ p æ r ə g rɑ ːf/
H e r e is a l i s t o f m o s t o f t h e p a r t n e r n / 'p o : t n o ( r ) /
Unit 2
e n d V /e n d /
n e w w o rd s in th e u n its o f p e o p le n p l /ˈ p iːp l/
e n g in e e r n /ˌ e n d ʒ ɪˈ n ɪə { r)/ A fric a n /ˈ æ f rɪk ə /
N e w H e a d w a y A c a d e m ic S k ilb , P h ilip p in e s n /ˈ f ɪlɪp i:n z /
E n g lis h L a n g u a g e te a c h e r n a g re e m e n t n /ə ˈ g riːm ə n t/
I n t r o d u c t o r y L e v e l S t u d e n t 's p h o t o n / 'f o o t o u /
/ ˈ ɪ ŋ g l ɪ ʃ 'l æ ŋ g w ɪ d ʒ ˈ t i ː t ʃ ə ( r ) / A lg e r ia n /æ lˈd ʒ ɪə riə /
B ook. p i c t u r e n / 'p t k t , r o ( r ) /
e s p e c i a l l y fld v / t ' s p e j a l i / A lg e ria n a d j /æ lˈ d ʒ ɪə r iə n /
a d j = a d je c tiv e p la c e s n p l /p l e t s t z /
fa m ily n /ˈ fæ m ə li/ a lo n g p r e p /ə ˈ lɒ ŋ /
a d v = a d v e rb p la y V /p le r/
fa th e r n /ˈ fɑ :ð ə (r )/ a l s o a d v / 'o t l s o o /
co n j = c o n ju n c tio n p u n c tu a tio n n /ˌp ʌ ŋ k lʃ u ˈe ɪʃ n /
fin d V /f a tn d / A n d o rra n /æ n ˈd ɔ ːrə /
n = noun q u e s t i o n n / 'k w e s t j o n /
fo re x a m p le /f o :( r ) ɪg ˈ z ɑ ːm p l/ A n g o l a n /f f ip 'g a u l o /
p l - p lu ra l q u e s tio n m a r k n
fo u r /f o t(r )/ A rc tic O c e a n n /ˌ ɑ ː k tɪ k ˈə ʊ ʃn /
p r e p = p re p o s itio n / 'k w e s t j a n m o :k /
fr ie n d s n p i /f r e n d z / a r e a n / 'e o r i o /
v = v e rb q u i c k l y a d v / 'k w t k l i /
fro m p re p /fro m / A rg e n tin a n /ˌ ɑ :d ʒ ə n ˈtiːn ə /
f u l l s t o p n / ˌ f ʊ l 's t o p / re a d V /r i:d / a r o u n d p r e p / o 'r a o n d /
g o V /9 ɔ ʊ / r e g is te r v / 'r e d j t s t a f r ) / A tla n tic O c e a n n
re g is tra tio n d e sk n / ə t ˌ l æ n t ɪ k 'ə ʊ ʃ θ /
h a v e V /h æ v /
Unit1 h e lp V /h e lp /
/ˌ re d ʒ ɪˈs tre ɪʃ n d e s k / B a n g la d e s h n /ˌ b æ ŋ g lə ˈ d e ʃ /
ru le s n p l /r u tlz / B h u t a n n / b u t 't o : n /
h o s p ita l n /ˈ h ɒ s p ɪtl/
a l o t o f / ə 'l o t a v / sc re e n n /s k ri:n / b ig a d j /b tg /
h o u s e w i f e n / 'h a o s w a t f /
a b o u tp r e p /ə ˈb a ʊ t/ s e n t e n c e n / 's e n t o n s / B o li v ia n / b ə ˈ l ɪ v i ə /
h o w m a n y / h a u 'm e n i /
a c c o u n ta n t n /ə ˈk a ʊ n tə n t/ s is te r n /ˈ s ɪs tə ( r ) / b o rd e r V /ˈb ɔ ːd ə (r)/
h u s b a n d n /ˈ h ʌ z b ə n d /
a d d V /æ ð / six /s ɪk s / b o r d e r s n p / / 'b o : d o z /
i m p o r t a n t fld ; / ɪ m ˈ p ɔ : t n t /
a lp h a b e t n /ˈ æ lf ɔ b e t/ s m a l l l e t t e r s n p l / s m ɔ ː l 'l e t o z / B r u n e i n / b r u : 'n a t /
in p re p h n l
a lp h a b e tic a l o r d e r n s o n n / 8 ʌ ɪı / B u r m a n / 'b o : m a /
in d e x n /ˈ ɪn d e k s /
/ˌ æ lf ə ˈ b e tɪk l ˈɔ ːd ə { r)/ s ta r t n /S to tt/ b u t conj /h \t/
I n d i a n / 't n d i o /
a rc h ite c t n /ˈ ɑ ːk ɪte k t/ s t u d e n t n / 's t j u t d n t /
in s tru c tio n s « p i /ɪn ˈ s tr ʌ k ʃ n z / C a n a d a n /ˈk æ n ə d ə /
a rtic le n /ˈ ɑ ːtɪk l/ s tu d y V /ˈs tʌ d i/
in te rn a tio n a l sc h o o l n c a p i t a l ( c i ty ) n / ˈ k æ p ɪ t l ˈ s ɪ t i /
a sk V /ɑ ːs k / s u r v e y V / s o 'v e t /
/ˌ ɪn tə ˈ ^ æ ʃ n ə l s k u ːl/ c a rs n p l /k o :z /
A u s tr a lia n /ɒ ˈ s tr e ɪ lɪ ə /
In te rn e t n /ˈ ɪn tə n e t/ te x t n /te k s t/ c e n t r e w / 's e n t a ( r ) /
b a c k g a tn m o n n /ˈb æ k g æ m ə rɪ/ t e x t b o o k n / 't e k s t b o k / C h a d n /tʃæ d /
in tro d u c tio n s M p/ /ˌ ɪn tr ə ˈ d ʌ k ʃ n z /
b e V /b iː/ T h a ila n d n /ˈ ta ɪlæ n d / C h ile n /ˈ tʃ I li/
Ja p a n n /d ʒ ə ˈp æ n /
b e fo re p re p /b ɪˈfɔ ː(r)/ title n /ˈ ta ɪtl/ C h in a n /ˈ tʃa ɪn ə /
b e g in n e r n /b ɪˈ g ɪn ə { r ) / k e y b o a rd n /ˈ k iːb ɔ ːd / T u rk e y V / ' t 3 :k i/ c lim a te n /ˈ k la ɪm ə t/
b e lo w p r e p /b ɪˈlə ʊ / k n o w V /θ ə ʊ / tw o / t u ː/ c o a s t n /k o o s t/
b o o k n lh u k.1 la b e l V / 'l e t b l / c o a s t l i n e n / 'k o o s t l a t n /
u n c le n /ˈ ʌ ŋ k l/
B r a z il n / b r ə ˈ z ɪ l / le a r n V /la :n / c o lle g e n /ˈ k ɒ lɪd ʒ /
u n d e r lin e V /ˌʌ n d ə ˈla ɪn /
b r o th e r n /ˈb rʌ ð ə (r)/ le c tu re r n /ˈ le k tʃ ə r ə ( r ) / c o m m a n / 'k o m o /
u n d e rs ta n d v /ˌʌ n d ə ˈs tæ n d /
b u s in e s s w o m a n n l e t t e r s n p l / 'l e t o z / u n iv e r s ity n /,J u ːn ɪˈ v ɜ ːs ə ti/ d e s e r t n / 'd e z o t /
/ˈ b ɪz n ə s w ʊ m ə n / li k e V / l a ɪ k / u s e V /J u ːz / d i f f e r e n t a d j / 'd ɪ f r ə n t /
c a p ita l le tte r s n p l /ˌ k æ p i tl ˈ le tə z / liv e V / l i v l d ry a d j /d ra t/
v e rb n /v ɜ ːb /
c a r e f u l l y a d v / 'k e a f o l i / l o o k a t V / 'l o k æ t /
v e r y m u c h a d v / 'v e r i m M f / e a s i e r a d j / 'i : z i a { r ) /
check V /tʃe k / m a k e s u re v /m e tk ˈʃ ɔ ː(r )/ v o w e ls n p l / ' v a o s l z J e a s t n /1ː51/
ch ess n l i j t s i m a r r ie d a d j / 'm s r i d /
w e b p a g e n /ˈ w e b p e ɪd ʒ / E a st A f r i c a n /i ːs t ˈæ fr ɪk ə /
c h i l d r e n Mp i / ˈ t ʃ ɪ l d r ə r ɪ / m a tc h V /m æ tʃ/
w h a t? /w o t/ e i g h t / 6 ɪ 1/
c ir c le V /ˈ s ɜ :k l/ rn e d ic a l s tu d e n t n
w h e re ? /w e o (r )/ E u r o p e n / 'j o o r o p /
c ity n /ˈs ɪti/ / 'm e d t k l ' s t j u : d n t /
w h ic h ? / w ɪ t ʃ / e x a m p l e n / t g 'z o : m p l /
c lu b n /k lʌ b / m e e t v /m iːt/
w ith p re p /w i6 / e x p o rt V /ɪk ˈs p ɔ ːt/
c o m e f r o m V /ˈ k ʌ m f r o m / m e m b e r s n p l / 'm e m b a z /
w o rd n /w ɜ ːd / fiv e / f a t v /
c o m p le te V /k ə m ˈ p liːt/ m e n n p l /m e n /
w o rk V /w ɜ ːk / fla g n / f l s g /
c o m p u te r e n g in e e rin g n m ista k e n /m ɪˈ s te ɪk /
w rite V /^ a ɪt/ fla t a d j / f læ t/
/lc ə m ˈp ju ːtə (r) ˌe n d ʒ ɪˈn ɪə rɪŋ /
n a m e n /n e tm / fo re st n I 'fo n s V
c o m p u te r p ro g ra m m e r n
n e c e s s a r y a d ) / 'n e s o s o r i / F ra n c e n /frɑ ːn s /
/l^ ə m ˈp ju :tə ˈp rə ʊ g ræ m ə (r)/
n e w a d j /n ju :/
c o n fe re n c e n /ˈk ɒ n fə rə n s / g e o g ra p h y n /d ʒ iˈɒ g rə fi/
n o u n n /n a o n /
c o n s o n a n ts « p / /ˈk ɒ n s ə n ə n ts / g r a m m a r n /ˈ g r æ m ə { r ) /
n u m b e r v / 'n A m b a ( r ) /
c o r r e c t (v, a d j ) / k ə ˈ r e k t / h a lf /h ɑ ːf/
n u rs e n /n a :s /
c o u n tr y n /ˈ k ʌ n tri/ h ig h a d j /h a ɪ/
o c c u p a tio n n /ˌ ɒ k ju ˈp e ɪʃn /
c o u rs e n /k o ts / h ill n /h r l/
o f f ic e n / 'o f t s /
d a u g h te r n /ˈ d ɔ :tə ( r ) / h o t a d j /h o t/
o n e /w ʌ n /
d e n tis t n / 'd e n t t s t / id e a n /a ɪˈ d ɪə /
o n li n e a d j /,ɒ n ˈ la ɪn /
d ic tio n a ry n /ˈ d ɪk ʃ ə n r i/ In d o n e s ia n /ˌ ɪn d ə ˈn iːʒ ə /
p a g e n /p e ɪd ʒ /
do V /d u ː/ I t a ly w / ˈ ɪ t ə l i /
64 W ord list
there are /deo(r) m(r)/
land n /lænd/ there is /deo(r) tz/
Unit ^ p re p o s itio n n /ˌ p re p ə ˈz ɪʃn /
re c o rd V /rɪˈk ɔ ːd /
large adj /laːdʒ/ thing n /θɪŋ/
afternoon n /ˌɑɪftəˈnuːn/ r e m e m b e r V /r ɪˈ m e m b ə ( r ) /
Libya n /ˈlɪbiə/ tourists n pl /'toonsts/
article n /ˈɑːtɪkl/ re s e a rc h n / r ɪ 's ɜ ː t ʃ /
link V /lɪŋk/ travelling n /ˈtrævəlɪŋ/
list n /lrst/ at prep /æt/ S a tu rd a y n /ˈ s æ tə d e ɪ /
Tunisia n /tju'ntzio/
location n /ləʊˈkeɪʃn/ beginning n /bɪˈgɪnɪŋ/ s e e V /»1ː/
long adj /lɒŋ/ Uruguay n /'joorogwat/ s e m in a r n /ˈ s e m ɪn ɑ ː(r )/
box n /boks/
USA n /,ju: es ˈɑɪ/ s e n d V /s e n d /
Malaysia n /məˈleɪʒə/ breakfast n /ˈbrekfəst/
Malaysian adj /məˈleɪʒn/ weather n /ˈweðə(r)/ business studies n s im p le a d ) /ˈs ɪm p l/
Mali n /ˈmɑ:li/ west n /west/ /ˈbɪznəs ˌstʌdiz/ s k im m in g n /s k ɪm ɪŋ /
many /ˈmeni/ Western Sahara n so m e a d j /s ʌ m /

cafeteria n /ˌkæfəˈtɪəriə/
map n /mæp/ /ˈwestən sə'hɑːrə/ S p a n is h n /ˈ s p æ n ɪʃ /
car n /kɑː(r)/
s p e ll c h e c k to o l n /ˈ s p e l t ʃ e k tu t l/
Mauretanian /ˌmɒrɪˈteɪnɪə/ chemistry n /ˈkemɪstri/
s p e llin g n /ˈ s p c lɪŋ /
meaning n /ˈmi:nɪŋ/ choose v /tj utz/
s p o rts p ro g ra m m e s n p l
medicines np/ /ˈmedɪsnz/ clock n /klok/
Mediterranean Sea n /s p o :ts ˈp rə ʊ g ræ m z /
coffee n /ˈkɒfi/
s ta rt V /s tɑ ːt/
/ˌmedɪtəˈreɪniən siː/ colour n /ˈkʌlə(r)/
s tu d ie s n p l /ˈ s tʌ d iz /
Mexico n /ˈmeksɪk^ʊ/ compare v /kəmˈpeə(r)/
million /'mɪljən/ S u n d a y n /ˈ s ʌ n d e ɪ/
computer n /kəmˈpjuːtə(r)/
modern n /ˈmɒdn/ computer centre n te le v is io n n /ˈ te l ɪv ɪ ʒ n /
Morocco n /məˈrɒkəʊ/ /kəmˈpjuɪtə(r) ˈsentə(r)/ T h u rs d a y n /ˈ θ ɜ ːz d e ɪ/
most /moost/ tim e n /ta ɪm /
day n /det/
mountains np/ /ˈmaʊntənz/ dinner n /ˈdɪnə(r)/
tim e e x p re s s io n n
/ˌta ɪm ɪk ˈs p re ʃn /
national adj /ˈnæʃnəl/ drink v /drɪŋk/
Nepal n /nəˈpɔːl/ tru e adj /tru :/
drive v /dratv/
T u esd ay n /ˈ tju ːz d e ɪ/
New Zealand n /ˌnjuː ˈziːlənd/ each /ɪːʃı/
Niger n /niː'ʒeə{r)/ TV « A ti: ˈ v iː/
emails n pl /ˈiːmeɪlz/
north n InoiQI evening n /ˈiːvnɪŋ/
u n d e r p re p /ˈ ʌ n d ə (r) /
North Africa n /no:0 ˈæfrɪkə/ every day adv /ˈevrideɪ/ v is it V /ˈ v ɪz ɪ t/
North America n /ɒɔːθ əˈmerɪkə/ v o c a b u la ry n /v ə ˈ k æ b jə lə r i/
false adj /fɔːls/
Oceania n /əʊ5ɪˈɑːɒɪə/ football match n /ˈfʊtbɔːl mætʃ/ w a tc h V /w ɒ tʃ /
oceans npl psojnz! W e d n e sd a y n /ˈw e n z d e ɪ/
Trench n /frentj /
oil n /oil/ w e e k n /w i:k /
friday n /ˈfraɪdeɪ/
on prep loni w e e k e n d n /ˌ w i:k ˈe n d /
other adj /ˈʌðə(r)/ general Information n
w h e n ? /w e n /
over prep /ˈəʊvə(r)/ /ˈdʒenrəl ˌɪnfəˈmeɪʃn/
w o rk n /w ɜ ːk /
get up v /get ˈʌp/
Paciflc Ocean n /pəˌsɪfɪk ˈəʊʃn/ w ritin g n /ˈ r a ɪt ɪŋ /
give v /gɪv/
Pakistan n /ˌpækɪˈstæn/
go on v /goo ˈɒn/
Paraguay n /ˈpærəgwaɪ/ go to v /goo tut/
part ofspeech n /ˌpɑ:t ov ˈspi:tJ■/
go together v /goo təˈgeðə(r)/
population n /,pɒpjuˈleɪʃn/ group n /gruːp/
Portugal n /ˈpɔːtʃʊgl/ gym n /dʒɪm/
predict V /prɪˈdɪkt/
prepare V /prɪˈpeə(r)/ home n /hoom/
homework n /ˈhəʊmwɜːk/
rainforest n /'reɪnfɒrɪst/
how oldf /hao oold/
river n /ˈrɪvə(r)/
lab n /1æð/
Saudi Arabian /ˌsaʊdi əˈreɪbiə/ language n /ˈlæŋgwɪdʒ/
school n /sku:l/ leave v /lɪːv/
seas n pl /siːz/ lecture n /ˈlektʃə(r)/
second /ˈsekənd/
library n /lmbrorl/
short adj /ʃɔ:ɪ/
look for v /ˈlʊk fɔː(r)/
similar adj /ˈsɪm^lə(r)/ lunch n /lʌntʃ/
south n /sao9/
South Africa n /saʊθˈæfrɪkə/ make v /meɪk/
South China Sea n maths n /mæ^s/
/sao6 ˈtʃaɪnə siː/ medicine n /ˈmedɪsn/
South East Asia n /saoO itst ˈɑɪʃə/ hfondayn /ˈmʌndeɪ/
Spain n /spetn/ morning n /ˈmɔːnɪŋ/
state capital n /steɪt ˈkæpɪtl/ multimedia centre n
Strait of Malacca n /ˌmʌltɪˈmɪːdiə ˈsentə(r)/
/streɪt nv mo'lako/ note n /noot/
subject n /ˈsʌbdʒekt/ nursing n /ˈnɜːsɪŋ/
sunny adj /ˈsʌni/ object n /ˈɒbdʒɪkt/
Switzerland n /ˈswɪtsələnd/ order n /ˈɔːdə(r)/
technical institute n part n /pɑːt/
/ˈteknɪkl 'ɪnstɪtjuːt/ physics n /ˈfɪzɪks/
notebook n /ˈnəʊtbʊk/ road s /rəʊd/
Unit 4 notes n p l /noots/
Unit 5 run V /rʌn/
now fldv /nau/ safety s /ˈseɪfti/
a d je c tiv e n /ˈ æ d ʒ ɪk tɪv / a c tio n s / 'æ k ʃ n /
a d v a n ta g e s /ə d ˈv ɑ ːn tɪd ʒ / open-plan fldj /,oopon ˈplæn/ a d d re s s s /ə ˈ d re s / save V I s e i v l
a d v e r b n / 'æ d v ɜ ː b / outside fldv /ˌaʊtˈsaɪd/ a d v e rtis e m e n ts /ə d ˈ v ɜ :tɪs m ə n t/ seconds s p / /ˈsekəndz/
a irp o rts n p i /ˈ e ə p ɔ ːts / pair n /peo(r)/ a n im a ls s p / /ˈ æ n ɪm lz / September s /sepˈtembə(r)/
a l o n e a d v /ə ˈ 1 ə ʊ θ / place s /piers/ a p p lic a tio n fo rm shape s /ʃeɪp/
a rriv e v /ə ˈ ra ɪv / plan V /plffin/ /ˌ æ p lɪˈ k e ɪʃn fo tm / sign V /satn/
privately adv /ˈpraɪvətll/ a s s e m b ly p o in t s /ə ˈs e m b li p ɔ ɪn t/ signature s /ˈsɪgnətʃə(r)/
b a d a d j /b æ d /
profession n /p^əˈfeʃn/ signs s p l /saɪnz/
b e c a u se co n j /b ɪˈk ɒ z / b ^ s n p l /b æ g z /
put V /pot/ size s / s a i z l
b e c a u s e o f p r e p / b i 'k o z o v / b a s k e tlia ll s /ˈ b ɑ ː s k ɪ tb ɔ ː l/
smoke V /smook/
b e tte r a d j r b e t o ( r ) / quiet fld) /ˈkwaɪət/ b la c k n, adj / b t e k /
sports club s /ˈspɔːts klʌb/
b i o l o g y M / b a ɪ ˈ ɒ l ə d 3 i/ railways s p / /ˈreɪlweɪz/ b lu e s , adj / b l u : /
stay V /stet/
b o th /b o o 0 / reason s /ˈriːzn/ b o rn V /b o :rt/
streets n p l / s t r u t s /
b rid g e s n p l /ˈb rɪd ʒ ɪz / record n /ˈrekɔːd/ b rin g V /b r ɪŋ /
student ID card s
b u ild V /b ɪld / researchers s pi /rɪˈsɜ:tʃəz/ b u ild in g s /ˈ b ɪld ɪŋ /
/ ˈ s tj u ːd n t 3ɪ ˈdi: k ɑ ːd /
b u il d in g s ite M /ˈ b ɪld ɪŋ s a ɪ t / roads s pl /roodz/ b u s s /b ʌ s /
student identity card s
c a n V /k æ n / rootn s /ru:tn/ c a lm adj / k ɑ ː m / /ˈstJuːdnt aɪˈdentəti kɑːd/
c a r e e r n / k o 'r t o ( r ) / scanning s /ˈskænɪŋ/ c ir c le s /ˈs ɜ :k l/ swimmings /'swɪmɪŋ/
c h e a p a d j /tʃi:p / search engine s /ˌsɜːtʃ ˈendʒɪn/ c l e a r fld ; / k l t o ( r ) /
table n /ˈteɪbl/
c iv il e n g i n e e r n secondly fldv /ˈsekəndli/ c l e a r l y fld v / ˈ k l ɪ ə l l /
taxi s /ˈtæksi/
/ˌs ɪv l e n d ʒ ɪˈ n ɪə ( r ) / shop V /ʃɒp/ c ro ss V /k r o s /
telephone number s
c la s s n / k l o : s / shopping s /ˈʃɒpɪŋ/ danger s / 'd e ɪ n d ʒ ə ( r ) / /ˈtelɪfəʊn ˌnʌmbə(r)/
c le a n a d j /k li:n / show V /ʃəʊ/ d a te o f b i r t h s / d e ɪ t n v ˈb 3 ːθ / tell V /tel/
c le a re r a d ) /ˈ k lɪə r ə ( r ) / silence s /ˈsaɪləns/ d is c u s s V / d ɪ 's k ʌ s / tickv /tɪk/
c o m p a n ie s t t p / /ˈk ʌ m p ə ^ iz / small adj /smo:l/ d o c u m e n ts s p / /ˈ d ɒ k ju m e n ts / today fldv /təˈdeɪ/
c o m p u t e r file n / k ə m ˈ p j u ː t ə f a i l / sometimes fldv /ˈsʌmtaɪmz/ eat V /lːt/ topic n /ˈtɒpɪk/
c o n d u d e V /k ə n ˈk lu :d / spell V /spel/ e m a il a d d re s s s / 'i ː m e ɪ l ə ˈ d r e s / town s /taon/
d e fin e V /d ɪˈfa ɪn / spoil s /spɔːt/ essay s /ˈ e s e ɪ/ train s /trern/
d e s ig n V /d ɪˈ z a ɪn / squash s /skwnf/ e v e ry o n e /ˈe v riw ʌ n / triangle n /ˈtraɪæŋgl/
d iffic u lt a d j /ˈ d ɪf ɪ k ə lt / study s /ˈstʌdi/ e :d t s /ˈ e k s ɪt/ turn off V /ts:n 'of/
d irty a d ) /ˈd ɜ ːti/ take V /tetk/ fire s /ˈ f a ɪə ( r ) / U K s /ˌ ju ː ˈk e ɪ/
d is a d v a n ta g e n /ˌ d ɪs ə d ˈ v ɑ : n tɪ d ʒ / talk V /to:k/ fire a la r m n /ˈ f a ɪə r o lo :m / until conj /ənˈtɪl/
d ra w in g n /ˈ d r ɔ ːɪŋ / tennis n /ˈtenɪs/ fo llo w V /ˈ ıɒ ıɔ ʊ / volleyball n /ˈvɒlibɔ:l/
e a c h o th e r / i : t ʃ ˈʌ ð ə (r)/ the same /ðə ˈseɪm/ fo o tb a ll n /ˈ f ʊ tb ɔ :l/
e a r l y fld v / ˈ ɜ ː l i / then /den/ white s /waɪt/
fo r m s /f o :m /
e a s ily a d v /ˈ iːz ə li/ think V /0ipk/ f o r m a l fld j / ˈ f ɔ ː m l /
e a s y a d j / ˈ iː z i/ three /0rit/
g e o g ra p h ic a l fe a tu re s s p l
e le c tric ity n /ɪˌ le k ˈ tr ɪs ə ti/ together fldv /təˈgeðə(r)/
/ˌdʒiːəˈgræfɪkl ˈfiːtʃəz/
e n d in g n /ˈe n d ɪŋ / translation s /trænsˈleɪʃn/
g o b a c k V /g o o ˈb æ k /
e n g in e e rin g n /ˌ e n d ʒ ɪˈ n ɪə r ɪŋ / travel V /ˈtrævl/
g re e n s /g r iːn /
E n g lis h n /ˈ ɪŋ g lɪʃ / types n p l /tatps/
e x e rc is e n /ˈ e k s ə s a ɪz / h e a r v /h ro (r)/
useful fldp /ˈjuːsfl/
h e r e fld v / h t o ( r ) /
fa m ily n a m e s /ˈ fæ m ə li ˌn e ɪm / want v /wont/
fa m o u s a d j /ˈ fe ɪm ə s / in k s /ɪŋ k /
well fldv /wel/
f i n a l l y fld v / ˈ f a ɪ n ə l i / i n t e r e s t e d fld j / 't n t r o s t t d /
why? /war/
f irs t n a m e / ˈ f ɜ ː s t ˌn e ɪm / in to p re p /ˈ ɪn tə /
work colleagues s pl
f i r s t l y f ld v / ˈ f ɜ : s t l i / /wa:k ˈkɒliːgz/ Japanese adj / ˌ d ʒ æ p ə 'n i ː z /
fre e tim e n /f r iː ta im / work long hours /wa:k lop ˈaʊəz/ la n d in g c a r d s /ˈ læ n d ɪŋ k u td /
g e t ill / g e t ˈɪl/ world s /watld/ lib ra ria n n /la ɪˈ b ^ e ə riə n /
g o o d a d j /g o d / world language n lift s / l r f t /
g r e a t e r fld j / ˈ g r e ɪ l ə ( r ) / /w ɜ ːld ˈlæ ŋ g w ɪd ʒ / lo c k e r s n p l /ˈ lɒ k ə z /
h e a lth n /h e l0 / years n p l /jtoz/ m e m o r y s t i c k s /ˈ m e m ə ri s tɪk /
in f o rm a tio n n /ˌ ɪn fə ˈ m e ɪʃn / m o b ile p h o n e s /ˌ m ə ʊ b a ɪl ˈfə ʊ n /
jo b n /d s n b / n a tio n a lity s /ˌ n æ ʃ ə ˈn æ lə ti/

n o e n tr y /n o u ˈe n tri/
la w n /lo t/
n o t i c e s /ˈ n ə ʊ tɪs /
le c tu re th e a tr e n
/ˈlcktʃə(r) '0toto(r)/ o f t e n fld v /ˈ ɒ f r ı/
less /les/ p h ra s e s s p / /ˈ fre ɪz ɪz /

more /mɔː(r)/ p la c e o f b i r t h s /p l e ɪs Dv ˈb ɜ :θ /
m usics /ˈmjuːzɪk/ p la n e s /p le ɪn /
near prep /nɪə(r)/ re c ta n g le s /ˈ r e k tæ ŋ g l/

need V /ni:d/ re d s /r e d /
noise s /notz/ re g is tr a tio n fo r tn s
noisy fld) /ˈnɔɪzi/ /ˌre d ʒ ɪˈs tre ɪʃ n fm m /
66 W ord list
Unit 6 m a la r ia n /m ə ˈle ə riə /
m e d ic a l a d j /ˈ m e d ɪk l/
Unity p a y V /p e !/
p e r s o n n / 'p a t s n /
m e e t i n g n / 'm l t t t p / p i l o t / ! / 'p a t l a t /
a g o a d v I s 'g s u l a fe w /ə 'f j u t /
lV Iid d le E a s t n / , m t d l ˈ i : s t / p io n e e r n /ˌ p a ɪə ˈ n ɪə (r )/
a n /ɔ ːı/ a c a d e m ic a d j /ˌæ k ə ˈd e m ɪk /
m o d e r n a d j /ˈ m ɒ d n / p o i n t n /p O ! n t/
a n o v e r th e w o rld a c h ie v e v /ə ˈ t ʃ i ː v /
n e x t ad j /n e k s t/ p r e s e n t a t i o n / ! / ˌ p r e z n 't e ɪ ʃ n /
/ ɔ ː l ˈ ə ʊ v ə ( r ) ð ə ˈ w 3 ːl d / ag e n /e ɪd ʒ /
p ric e n /p ra ts /
a n c ie n t w o r ld n / ˈ e ɪ n ʃ ə n t ˈ w ɜ ːld / o p e n V /ˈə ʊ p ə n / A m e ric a n a d ; /ə ˈ m c r ɪk ə ɪı/
p r o f e s s o r n / p r a 'f e s o f r ) /
a n o th e r /ə ˈ n ʌ ð ə (r) / p a in n /p e tn / A m e ric a n s n p l /ə ˈ m e r ɪk ə n z /
a rte m is in in n /ˌ a ːtɪˈ m iːs ɪn ɪn / A p r il n / ˈ e ɪ p r ə l / ra c e V /re ts /
p ast n /p o ts t/
a s p ir in n /ˈ æ s p rɪn / A u g u st n /ˈɔ ːg ə s t/ ra ilw a y n /ˈ r e ɪlw e ɪ/
p a tie n t n /ˈ p e ɪʃ n t/
a t s e a / æ ı ˈ s i:/ r e t u r n V / n 't 3 ! n /
p h o n e n /fo o n / b e c o m e v /b ɪˈk ʌ m /
a v o id V /ə ˈ v ɔ ɪd / R u s s ia n n /ˈ rʌ ʃɪı/
p ip e s n p l /p a ɪp s / b e l o n g t o V / b ɪ 'l ɒ ŋ t o /
b a rk n /b u :k / p o u r V /p o t(r)/ b o a r d n /b o td / s a il V / s e t l /
b e g in V /b ɪˈg ɪn / p rie s t n /p r lts t/ s e c o n d / 's e k a n d /
c a r r y v /ˈ k æ r i/
b o a t n /b o u t/ p ro b le m n /ˈ p rɒ b lə m / S e p t e m b e r n / s e p 't e m b o ( r ) /
d a te n /d e ɪt/ s e rv ic e n /ˈ s ɜ ː v ɪs /
b o n e s n p l Ih d o n zJ p r o n o u n n / 'p r o o n a u n /
D e c e m b e r n /d ɪˈ s e m b ə ( r ) / s e v e n th /ˈ s e v ^ θ /
B ritis h a d j / ˈ b r ɪ t ɪ ʃ / p u b lic b a th s « /ˌ p ʌ b lɪk ˈ b ɑ ːð z /
d is ta n c e n /ˈ d ɪs tə n s / s h ip s n p l /ʃ ɪp s /
c a ll V / k ɔ ː l / p u b l i c h e a l t h n / ˌ p ʌ b l ɪ k ˈ h e lθ /
E a rth n /ɜ ːθ / s in g le -h a n d e d a d v
c a r r y a w a y V / ˈ k æ r i ə 'w e ɪ / q u in in e « /k w ɪˈ n iːn /
e ig h te e n th /ˌ e ɪˈtiːn θ / / ˌ s ɪ ŋ g l 'h æ n d ɪ d /
c a u s e V Ik o iz J re c o g n iz e V /ˈ re k ə g n a ɪz / e ig h th /e ɪtθ / s ix th /s ɪk s θ /
C E / ˌ s l: ˈi:/ re fe r to v /r ɪˈ f ɜ ː( r ) to / e le c tric a d ; /ɪ ˈ l e k tr ɪ k / sp a c e n /s p e ɪs /
c e n tu ry « /ˈ s e n tʃ ə ri/ re g u la r a d ; /ˈ re g j^ lə (r)/ e l e c t r o n i c a d ; / t , l e k 't r o n t k / sp ace p ro g ra m m e n
c h a p t e r n / ˈ t J 'æ p t ə ( r ) / r e l a t e d a d ; / r t 'l e t t t d / E n g la n d n /ˈ ɪŋ g lə n d / /ˌs p e ɪs ˈp rə ʊ g ræ m /
c h e m ic a ls n p / /ˈ k e m ɪk lz / re p e a t v /rɪˈp i:t/
fa c to ry w o rk e r n s p a c e s h ip n / ˈ s p e ɪs ʃ ɪp /
c h ild n /tʃ a ɪ ld / r e p e titio n /I /ˌre p ə ˈtɪʃn /
/ˈ f æ k tə r i ˈw ɜ ːk ə ( r)/ sp e e d n /s p i:d /
c o m m o n a d j /ˈk ɒ m ə n / re p la c e v /r ɪˈp le ɪs /
F e b r u a r y /! /ˈ fe b ru ə r i/ s t o r y / ! / 's t O ! r i /
c o u ld V /k n d / r e s u lt n /r ɪˈ z ʌ lt/
fifth /f tf e / s u c c e s s f u l a d ; / s o k 's e s f l /
d e c i d e v / d ɪ 's a ɪ d / re w rite v /ˌ r iːˈ r a ɪt/
firs t / f s ts t/ te n th /te n 6 /
d e v e lo p V /d ɪˈ v e lə p / ric e n /r a r s /
flig h t n /f la r t/ te s t n / t e s t /
d e v e lo p m e n t n /d ɪˈ v e lə p m ə n t/ R o m a n s n p l /ˈrə ʊ m ə n z /
f ly V / f l a / / t h i r d /0 3 ! d /
d is c o v e r y /d ɪˈ s k ʌ v ə ( r ) / s a ilo r n /ˈ s e ɪlə ( r ) / fo r s u re /fo (r) ˈʃʊ ə (r)/ th o u s a n d s /ˈ θ a ʊ z n d z /
d i s c o v e r i e s u p i / d ɪ 's k ʌ v ə r i z / s c i e n t i s t n / 's a t o n t t s t / f o u r th /fo :0 / t r a n s p o i l n / 't r f f i n s p o : t /
d is e a s e /! /d ɪˈz i:z / s e rio u s a d j /ˈ s ɪə r iə s / F re n c h m a n n /ˈfre n tʃm ə n / t u r n to V /ˈ ı ɜ ː θ ta /
e a r l y a d j / ’3 ːl i/ s k i n n / s lc t n / t u t o r / ! / 't j u ! t o ( r ) /
g r a n d p r i x n / ˌ g r ɑ : 'p r i : /
e d u c a te v /ˈ e d ʒ u k e ɪt/ sle e p V /s liːp / t w e n t i e t h / 't w e n t i o S /
g re a t a d j /g r e tt/
e d u c a tio n n /ˌ e d ʒ u ˈk e ɪʃn / S o u th A m e ric a n /s a o 0 ə ˈm e rɪk ə / tw e n ty -firs t /.tw e n ti ˈ f ɜ ːs t/
g ro u n d n /g ra u n d /
e ffe c t n / t 'f e k t / s t il l a d v / s t r l /
h e lic o p te r n /ˈh e !ɪk ɒ p t^ (^ )/ u n d e rg ro u n d tra in n
E g y p tia n a d j /i ˈ d ʒ ɪ p ʃ n / s to p V /s to p /
h o t- a ir b a llo o n n /ˈ ʌ n d ə g r a ʊ n d tr e /n /
E g y p tia n s n p l / i ˈ d ʒ ɪ p ʃ n z / s u b s ta n c e n /ˈ s ʌ b s tə n s /
e ig h te e n th a d j /ˌ e ɪˈtiːn θ / s u r g e r y /ɪ / ˈ s ɜ ː d ʒ ə r i / / ˌ h ɒ t ˈɑ ə b o 'l u t n / w a lk v /w o :k /
e n c y c lo p e d ia n /ɪn ˌs a ɪk lə ˈ p iːd iə / h o w lo n g ? / h a o 'l ɒ ŋ / w h o ? /h u :/
te a c h y / t i ː t ʃ /
E u ro p e a n a d j /ˌ jʊ ə rə ˈ p iːə n / in tro d u c tio n /! /ˌɪn trə ˈd ʌ k ʃn / w in V /w tn /
tre a t y /tr i:t/
E u r o p e a n s Mp i / j ʊ ə r ə ˈ p ^ ː ə n z / tre e n /tr i:/ in v e n tio n n /ɪn ˈ v e n ʃ n / y o u n g e s t a d ; / 'j ʌ ŋ g ɪ s t /
e v e n ts /I p i /ɪˈv e n ts / tr ip n I t n p l in v e n to r n /ɪn ˈ v e n tə ( r ) /
e x a m s n p i /ɪg ˈz æ m z / tr o p ic a l a d ; /ˈ tr ɒ p ɪk l/ Ja n u a ry n /ˈd ʒ æ n ju ə ri/
e x p e rim e n t n /ɪk ˈs p e r ɪm ə n t/ ty p e n /t a ɪp / j o i n V / d 3 0 !n /
fin is h V /ˈ f ɪn ɪʃ / v a c c i n e n / 'v æ k s i ː n / Ju ly n /d ʒ u ˈ la ɪ/
first /f m s t/ v e g e ta b le s /I p i /ˈ v e d ʒ tə b lz / Ju n e n /d 3 u :n /
fo o d n /fu ːd / v ita m in n /ˈ v ɪtə m ɪn / la n d y /læ n d /
fr u it n /f r u ːt/ l o n g - d i s t a n c e a d j /ˌ lɒ ŋ ˈ d ɪ s t ə n s /
w a te r n /ˈ w ɔ ː tə ( r ) /
G re e k s n p l /g riːk s / w ay s n p l /w e tz / M a rc h n /m u !tf/
h e a l t h y fld ; / ˈ h e l θ i / w rite rs n p l /ˈ r a ɪtə z / M a y n /m e t/
h is to ry n /ˈ h ɪs tri/ y e s te rd a y a d v /ˈ je s tə d e ɪ/ m in u te s n p l /ˈ m ɪn ɪts /
h y g ie n e n /ˈ h a ɪd ʒ iːn / m o n th s n p l /m ʌ n θ s /
im p o r ta n c e n /ɪm ˈ p ɔ :tn s / m o o n n /m u tn /
im p ro v e V /ɪm ˈ p r u ːv / n in e te e n th /ˌ n a ɪn ˈti:n θ /
i n p la c e o f p r e p / t n 'p l e t s o v / n in th /n a tn 0 /
in c r e a s e v /ɪn ˈ k r i:s / n o n - s t o p a d v / ˌ θ ɒ θ 's t o p /
in tro d u c e V /ˌɪn trə ˈd ju ːs / N o v e m b e r n /n ə ʊ ˈ v e m b ə (r )/
ir re g u la r a d j /ɪˈ r e g jə lə ( r ) / n u m b e r n /ˈn ʌ m b ə (r)/
k e e p V /k i:p / O c t o b e r n / n k 't o o b o ( r ) /
l a t e r fld v / ˈ l c ɪ t ə ( r ) / o rd in a l n u m b e rs n p l
le a v e s n p l / l i t v z / / ˌ ɔ ː d ɪ n l 'H A m b a z /
le m o n ju ic e n /ˈle m ə n d 3 u :s / p a sse n g e r tra in n

life n / l a ɪ f / / 'p s s ! n d 3 0 (r) tr e /n /
W ord list 67
u s u a lly a d v /ˈ ju ːʒ u ə li/ tr a n s p o il V /træ n ˈs p ɔ ːt/
U n its v i r u s ?! / ˈ v a ɪ r ə s /
Unit 9 u n c l e a n a d j / ˌ ʌ n ˈ k li :r ɪ/
w in te r n /ˈw ɪn tə { r)/ u n h e a lt h y a d j /ʌ n ˈ h e lθ i/
a d v e rtis e v /ˈ æ d v ə ta ɪz / agriculture ?ı /'ægrɪkʌltʃə(r)/
w o u l d li k e t o V / w a d ˈ l a ɪk t o / u n im p o r ta n t a d j /ˌ ʌ n ɪm ˈp ɔ ːtn t/
a d v e rtis in g n /ˈ æ d v ə ta ɪz ɪŋ / Antarctica?! /ænˈta:ktɪkə/
U n ite d A ra b E m ira te s n
a tta c h V /ə ˈ tæ tʃ / apples n p l /ˈæplz/
/juˌnaɪtɪd ˌærəb ˈemɪrəts/
b e n e fit fro m V /ˈ b e n ɪf ɪt fro m / barchart?! /ˈbɑː !ʃɑː^
u n p o p u la r a d j /ʌ n ˈ p ɒ p jə lə { r) /
B e s t w is h e s / b e s t w ɪ ʃ ɪ z / beef?! /bitf/
u n su c c e ssfu l a d j /ˌʌ ^ s ə k ˈs e s fl/
b o o k v /b o le / bottled water n /ˈbɒtld ˈwɔːtə(r)/
u s e ?! / j u i z J
b re a d n /b re d / change V /tfe?nd 3/
w a te r V /ˈ w ɔ :tə { r) /
b u s in e s s n /ˈ b ɪz n ə s / chart n /tʃɑːt/
w a te r s p o r ts n p l
b u y V /b a r / chicken ?! /ˈtʃɪkm/
/ˈw ɔ ːtə { r) s p o : ts /
b y e /b a t/ chocolate n /ˈtʃɒklət/
w e t a d j /w e t/
c o m p e titio n s « p / /ˌ k ɒ m p ə ˈ tɪʃ n z / cold adj /kould/
w ro n g a d j Ito q/
c o n c lu s io n n /k ə n ˈ k lu ːʒ n / complete adj /kəmˈpliːt/
c o n n e c t V /k ə ˈn e k t/ connected adj /kəˈnektɪd/
c o p y /j /ˈk ɒ p i/ contain v /kənˈteɪn/
D e a r /d r o (r) / cover V /ˈkʌvə(r)/
e m a il V /ˈiːm e ɪl/ crops p l /krops/
? !
e n tr ie s n p l /ˈ e n triz / cup n /lcAp/

e u r o s n p l /ˈ jʊ ə ^ ə ʊ z / dependent adj /dɪˈpendənt/
e x p e n s i v e fld j / ɪ k ˈ s p e n s ɪ v / describe V /dɪˈskraɪb/
fa n s n p l /fæ n z / descriptiun ?! /dt'skrtpjn/
fa v o u rite a d j / ˈ f e ɪv ə r ɪt / drinking water ?ı
f r i e n d l y fld ) / ˈ f r e n d i i / /ˈdrɪŋkɪŋ wo:ta(r)/
g a m e s n p l /g e ɪm z / email box?! /ˈiːmeɪl boks/
h a n d o u t s n p l / 'h æ n d a ʊ t s / farming n /ˈfɑːmɪŋ/
h a rd adp a d v /h a td / figures n p l /ˈfɪgəz/
h a ts n p l /h æ ts / finger n /ˈfɪŋgə(r)/
h e a d in g n /ˈ h e d ɪŋ / Finland n /ˈfɪnlənd/
h e llo /h ə ˈ lə ʊ / future?! /ˈfjuːtʃə(r)/
h o w ? /h a o / Germany n /ˈdʒɜ:məni/
ill a d j / t l / global adj /ˈgləʊbl/
k in d n, a d j /k a tn d / goods n p l / g u d z l
la te a d j /le ɪt/ grow V /groo/
l o g o n / ' 1ə ʊ 9 ə ʊ / high marks npl /haɪ ˈmɑːks/
lo o k fo r w a rd to ... Hong Kong ?! /hog ˈkɒŋ/
/lo k ˈf ɔ ːw ə d to / how much? /hao ˈmʌtʃ/
m a rk e tin g n /ˈ m ɑ ːk ɪtɪŋ / ice n /ats/
m is s V /m ts / incomplete adj /ˌɪnkəmˈpliːt/
m o n e y n /ˈ m ʌ n i/ independent adj /ˌɪndɪˈpendənt/
m o u s e n /m a u s / Indian Ocean n /ˌɪndiən ˈəʊʃn/
O ly m p ic s n p l /ə ˈ lɪm p ɪk s / industry?! /'?ndostri/
o n ly a d v /ˈ ə ʊ ^ 1 / inexpensive adj /ˌɪnɪkˈspensɪv/
o rg a n iz a tio n s n p l kilo n /ˈkiːləʊ/
/ˌɔ ːg ə n a ɪˈz e ɪʃn z / litres n p l /ˈliːtəz/
p a r k n , V /p ɑ ːl^ / main adj /me?n/
p la y e r n /ˈ p le ɪə ( r ) / minerals n p l /ˈmɪnərəlz/
p le a s e f i n d a tta c h e d .. . name v /netm/
/p liːz fa ɪn d ^ ˈ tæ tʃt/ nowadays adv /'naoodetz/
p o l i t e a d j / p ə 'l a ɪ t / old adj /oold/
p o p u la r a d j /ˈ p ɒ p jə lə ( r)/ Oman?! /əʊˈmɑːn/
p r o d u c ts ? ! p i /ˈp rɒ d ʌ k ts / pencil n /ˈpensl/
r e a d i n g l i s t n / 'r e d ɪ ŋ l t s t / plants n p l /plotnts/
s e a s o n tic k e t n /ˈ s iːz n t ɪ k ɪ t / poor adj /pm{r)/
s e ll V / s e l / potatoes?!pi /pəˈteɪtəʊz/
S e n i o r L e c t u r e r ?! produce V /prəˈdjuːs/
/ˈ s i:n iə ( r) ˈle k tʃ ə r ə ( r ) / resource n /rɪˈsɔ:s/
s h irts n p l /ʃ ɜ : t s / rich adj /rttj/
s o r r y /ˈ s ɒ ri/ right adj /ratt/
s o u rc e s ? !p i I s y .s iz / seawater?! /ˈ81ː wo!to(r)/
s ta d iu m n /ˈs te ɪd iə m / Southern Ocean ?! /ˈsʌ^ən ˈəʊʃɪı/
s u m m e r? ! /ˈ s ʌ m ə ( r)/ square kilometres n p l
ta lk n /to tk / /skwe: ˈkɪləˌmiːtəz/
te r m n /t3 :m / statistics ?! pi /stəˈtɪstɪks/
tic k e ts ? ! / ˈ t ɪ k ɪ t s / sugar n /ˈʃʊgə(r)/
to p a d j /to p / surface n /ˈsɜ:fɪs/
tw ic e a d v / t w a t s / surround V /səˈraʊnd/
u n k in d a d j /ˌʌ n ˈk a ɪn d / take care of v /tetk ˈkeə(r) nv/
68 W ord list
sh o p n /ʃɒ p /
Unit 10 stra n g e a d j /s tre ɪn d ʒ /
su c c e s s n /s ə k ˈs e s /
a c c u ra te a d j /ˈ æ k jə r ə t/
s u p e r s o n ic a d j /ˌ s u :p ə ˈ s ɒ n ɪk /
a c h ie v e m e n ts n p i / ə ˈ tʃ i ːv m ə n ts /
te c h n o lo g ie s n p i /te k ˈ n ɒ lə d ʒ iz /
A m e ric a s n p l /ə ˈ m e r ɪk ə z /
to p ic s e n te n c e n /ˈ tɒ p ɪk ˈ s e n tə n s /
A s ia n / ˈ e ɪ ʃ ə /
tr a n s la te v /tr æ n s ˈ le ɪt/
b illio n /ˈ b ɪljə n /
T - s h ir t n / 't l : f 3 : t /
b illio n a ir e n /,b ɪ lj ə ˈ n e ə ( r ) /
u se rs n p l /ˈju ːz ə z /
b io te c h c o m p a n y n
w eb n /w e b /
/ˈ b a ɪə ʊ te k ˈk ʌ m p ə n i/
w e ll-o rg a n iz e d a d j
b ra n d n /b r s n d /
/w e l ˈ ɔ :g ə n a ɪz d /
b u s in e s s m a n n /ˈ b ɪz n ə s m æ n /
w o rld w id e a d j /ˈ w ɜ ːld w a ɪd /
c lo th in g n /ˈ k lə ʊ ð ɪŋ /
Z a m b ia n /ˈz æ m b iə /
c o - f o u n d V / ˈ k ə ʊ ˈ1ɑʊθ<^/
c o m p u te r g a m e s n p l
/k ə m ˈp ju ːtə { r ) g e ɪm z /
c o m p u te r s c ie n c e s n p l
/lc ə m ˈp ju ːtə (r) ˈs a ɪɔ n s ɪz /
c o n c lu d e v /k ə n ˈ k lu ːd /
c o o l a d ) /k u :l/
c re a to r n /k r iˈ e ɪtə ( r ) /
d e s ig n e r n /d ɪˈz a ɪn ə (r)/
D V D s n p / /ˌ d i: v l t ˈ d i :z /
e ffic ie n t a d ; /ɪ ˈ f ɪ ʃ n t /
e le c tric a l e n g in e e rin g «
/ɪˈle k tɪu k l ˌ e n d ʒ ɪˈn ɪə rɪŋ /
e le c tro n ic s « p i /ɪˌ le k ˈ tr ɒ n ɪk s /
e m a il p r o v id e r n
/ˈ iːm e ɪl p r ə ˈ v a ɪd ə ( r ) /
e m a i l s e iw ic e fi / ˈ i ː m e ɪ l ˈ s ə ː v ɪ s /
e m p lo y V /ɪm ˈp lɔ ɪ/
e x a m re s u lts n p l
/ɪg ˈz æ m r ɪˈ z ʌ lts /
fa s h io n m a g a z in e n
/ˈ f æ ʃ n ˌm æ g ə ˈz iːn /
fa s h io n a b le a d j /ˈ f æ ʃ n ə b l/
fin a l s e n te n c e n /ˈ fa ɪn l ˈ s e n tə n s /
fo o tb a lle r n /ˈ f ʊ tb ɔ ːlə ( r ) /
fo u n d e r n /ˈfa ʊ n d ə (r)/
g a r a g e n / 'g æ r ɑ ː ʒ /
h a n d i n V / h æ n d ˈɪn /
h u g e a d ; /h ju ːd ʒ /
h u n d re d s /ˈh ʌ n d rə d z /
i m a g e s n p i / 'ɪ m ɪ d ʒ ɪ z /
in to ta l /ɪŋ ˈtə ʊ tl/
in te r e s tin g a d ; / 'ɪ n t r ə s t ɪ ŋ /
in te rn a tio n a l a d ; /ˌ ɪn tə ˈn æ ʃn ə l/
le a d in g a d j /ˈ li:d ɪŋ /
little /ˈlɪtl/
logically adv /ˈlɒdʒɪkli/
love V /lʌv/
market n /ˈmɑ:kɪt/
middle sentence n
/ˈ m ɪd l ˈ s e n tə n s /
multi-millionaire n
/ˌ m ʌ ltim ɪljə ˈ n e ə (r) /
notice V /ˈθəʊıɪ8/
ordinary ad; /ˈɔ:dnri/
organize V /ˈɔːgənaɪz/
personal adj /ˈpɜːsənl/
photographs u pi /ˈf^ʊtəgrɑːfs/
racing driver « /ˈreɪsɪŋ ˈdraɪvə(r)/
realize v /ˈrɪəlaɪz/
sales n p l /setlz/
science n /ˈsaɪəns/
search n /sɜːtʃ/
search engine n / 8ɜː 1ʃ ˈendʒɪn/
shoes n p l /futz/
W ord list 69
NOTES
70 Notes
PHONETIC SYMBOLS
Consonants Vowels
1 /p/ as in pen / p e n / 25 /i:/ as in see /s i:/

2 /b / as in big / b i g / 26 /:/ as in h is / h iz /
3 /t/ as in tea / t i : / 27 m as in t w e n t y / 't w e n t i /
4 /d / as in do /du:/ 28 Id as in te n / t e n /
5 /k / as in cat /k£6t/ 29 /æ / as in s ta m p /s t æ m p /
6 /g / as in go /gou/ 30 /a :/ as in f a t h e r / 'f a :ð ə /
7 /f / as in four / f o : / 31 /ŋ / as in h o t /h o t/
8 /v / as in very /'V e r i/ 32 h -J as in m o r n i n g / 'm o i n i o /
9 /s / as in son / sad/ 33 Id as in f o o tb a ll / 'f u t b o : ! /
10 /z / as in zoo / z u : / 34 /u ;/ as in y ou /ju :/
11 /!/ as in live /l i v / 35 /a/ as in s u n /sA n/
12 /m / as in m y /m a i/ 36 /3 :/ as in le a r n /la m /
13 /n / as in n e a r/n ia / 37 /ə / as in le tte r / 'l e t o /
14 /h / as in h a p p y /'hæ pi/
15 /r / as in red / r e d /
16 as in yes /je s/
Diphthongs (two vowels together)
/j/
17 /w / as in w ant / w n n t / 38 / e i/ as in n a m e / n e im /
18 /θ / as in thanks /9aeoks/ 39 /o u / as in n o /n o u /
19 /ð / a s in th e / ð ə / 40 /a i/ as in m y /m a i/
20 /J / a s in sh e /Ji:/ 41 /a u / as in h o w /h a u /
21 /3 / a s in television / 't e l i v i 3 n / 42 h i! as in boy Pool!
22 / t; / a s in child / t J a i l d / 43 /ıə / as in h e a r/h io /
23 /d s / a s in G erm an /'d 3 3 :m a n / 44 /e o / as in w h e re /w e o /
24 /ŋ / a s in E nglish /'IŋglIJ‘/ 45 /u o / as in to u r /tu a /
Phonetic sym bols 71

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IN TRO D U CTO RY LEVEL Student’s Book

Sarah Philpot and Lesley Curnick

Sarah Philpot and Lesley Curnick

5 Signs and instructions

6 Health and m edicine

7 The history o f transport

10 Am bition and success

W O R D LIST p64 PH O N ETIC SY M B O LS p71

V O C A BU LA RY D EVELO PM EN T W ords th a t go to g e th e r p20 R E V IE W p21

RESEARCH Search engines p26 R E V IE W p27

V O C A BU LA R Y D EVELO PM EN T Topic areas p32 R E V IE W p33

V O C A BU LA RY D EVELO PM EN T N o u n sa n d verbs p38 R E V IE W p39

V O C A BU LA RY D EVELO PM EN T Verbs in th e Past Simple p44 R E V IE W p45

V O C A BU LA RY D EVELO PM EN T W ords w ith m ore th a n o n e m eaning p5() R E V IE W p51

V O C A BU LA RY D EVELO PM EN T O p p o site adjectives p56 R E V IE W p57

RESEARCH Finding th e right inform ation p 6 1 -6 2 R E V IE W p63

READING New people STUDY SKILL S u rv e y in g

I am Jane Day. I come from I am Deniz Osman. I live in

2 Read the webpage. Write the names under the photos.

3 Read the webpage again. Answer the questions.

O N LIN E Book Club

Peter Blake com es fro m N ew York.

Ada and Ninoy Manlapaz co m e from

5 Read about the new members. Answer the questions.

6 Write the names of the people under the photos.

Use the Present Simple to give facts (true information).

U n itl • M eeting people 5

2 (^ I r d ^ the five vowels in exercise 1.

STUDY SKILL The alphabet

Knowing the alphabet helps you:

3 Work with a partner. Write the words in alphabetical order.

4 Look at the registration desk

6 Unit 1 • Meeting people

1 What is your name? an engineer an accountant

3 Write a paragraph about your partner.

Read STUDY SKILL letters. S T U D Y S K IL L P u n c tu a tio n (1}

Use CAPITAL LEHERS for:

1 ■ the start o f sentences: He is a doctor.

Adul Suttikul and Boonwat Mookjai come from Bangkok,

kvcflx cokwes -frokw uia- he ls doctor he

Check your answers with a partner.

Read about the Hussein family.

M y hw.sboiiA.d I ookvie frokw v>u.bal. I ctkvc a koustwl-fe, flkvd kwy

U n itl • M eeting people 7

underline write label number add

It is necessary to read and follow instructions carefully.

2 (^irc^ the country.

3 Label the picture with the correct words. She is ^ engineer.

4 Match the capital letters with the small letters,

5 Number the countries in alphabetical order.

3 Write the words from the box next to examples 1-7. 9 10

consonants letters- nouns a sentence

5 _____ students, doctors

6 _______ write, read, understand

7 ________ I come from London.

4 Look at exercise 3 again. Add one more example for 1-7.

M y nam e is Karim Mansour. I com e from Rabat, in

I am Anna Costa. I live in Rio de Jan eiro, in Brazil. I am

2 Read the webpage and answer the questions.

3 Read the webpage again. Circle forms of the verb be and

4 Read the student’s paragraph below and find;

M y I tokwes -f-roku. L-okvdokv M y -fathtr t-s a architect ar^d