1. The amount of energy absorbed or released during a phase-change process.

a. Latent heat
b. Latent heat of fusion
c. Latent heat of vaporization
d. Latent heat of sublimation
Answer: a. Latent heat
2. The amount of energy absorbed during melting and is equivalent to the amount of
energy released during freezing.
a. Latent heat
b. Latent heat of fusion
c. Latent heat of vaporization
d. Latent heat of sublimation
Answer: b. Latent heat of fusion
3. Find the quantity of heat removed from each apple in W with the following data.
m=0.140 kg, Cp=3600 J/kg. °C, Tinitial=25°C, Tfinal=2°C, Δt=3 h)
a. 1.07 watts
b. 1.03 watts
c. 1.08 watts
d. 1.5 watts
Solution:

𝑄 = 𝑚𝑐∆𝑇 = 0.140𝑘𝑔(3600 𝐽⁄𝑘𝑔. ℃)(25℃ − 2℃) = 11592 𝐽

= (11592 𝐽⁄3ℎ) (1 ℎ⁄3600𝑠) = 𝟏. 𝟎𝟕 𝑾
4. The amount of energy absorbed during vaporization and is equivalent to the energy
released during condensation.
a. Latent heat
b. Latent heat of fusion
c. Latent heat of vaporization
d. Latent heat of sublimation
Answer: Latent heat of vaporization

5. A typical one-half carlot capacity banana room contains 18 pallets of bananas. Each
pallet consists of 24 boxes, and thus the room stores 432 boxes of bananas. A box holds
an average 0f 19 kg of bananas and is made of 2.4 kg of fireboard are 3.55 kJ /
(kg°𝐶), respectively. The peak heat of respiration of bananas is 0.3 W/kg. The bananas
are cooled at a rate of 0.2°C/h. Disregarding any heat gain through the walls or other
surfaces, determine the required rate of heat removal from the banana room.
 a. 4175 W
b. 94 W
c. 1619 W
Solution:
mbanana = (mass per box)(number of bpxes)
= (19 kg⁄box)(24 box)
= 8208 kg

mbox = (mass per box)(number of boxes)

= (2.3 kg⁄box)(432 box)
= 993.6kg
Qrespiration = mbanana q respiration = (8208kg)(432box) = 993.6kg

Qbanana = (mcp Cooling rate)banana

= (8208kg)(3.55 kJ⁄kg. ℃)(0.2 ℃⁄h)

= 5828 kJ⁄h = 1619W
Qbox = (mcp Cooling rate)box

= (993.6kg)(1.7 kJ⁄kg. ℃) (0.2 ℃⁄h)

= 338 kJ⁄h = 94 W
Qtotal = 2462W + 1619W + 94W = 𝟒𝟏𝟕𝟓𝑾

6. One (1) calorie is the same as

a. 4.1868 J
b. 4.1868 kJ
c. 4.6818 J
d. 4.6818 kJ
Answer: a. 4.1868 J
7. The specific heat of a material is given in a strange unit to be c=3.60 kJ/kg °F. The
specific heat of this material in the SI units of kJ/kg °C is?
a. 2.00 kJ/kg·°C
b. 4.80 kJ/kg·°C
c. 3.20 kJ/kg·°C
d. 6.48 kJ/kg·°C
8. A supply of 50 kg of chicken at 6°C contained in a box is to be frozen to 18C in a freezer.
Determine the amount of heat that needs to be removed. The latent heat of the chicken
is 247 kJ/kg, and its specific heat is 3.32 kJ / (kg °C) above freezing and 1.77 kJ / (kg °C)
below freezing. The container box is 1.5 kg, and the specific heat of the box material is
1.4 kJ / (kg °C). Also, the freezing temperature of chicken is -2.8°C.
a. 1461 kJ
b. 12350 kJ
c. 15206 kJ
d. 1345 kJ

Solution:

cooling fresh chicken from 6℃ to − 2.8℃

Q = mcp ∆T = (50 kg)(3.32 kJ⁄kg. ℃) ((6 − (−2.8))℃) = 1461kJ

freezing chicken at − 2.8℃

Q = mhlatent = (50kg)(247 kJ⁄kg) = 12350kJ

cooling frozen chicken from − 2.8℃ to − 18℃

Q = mcp ∆T = (50kg)(1.77 kJ⁄kg. ℃)(−2.8 − (−18))℃) = 1345kJ

cooling the box from 6℃ to − 18℃

Q = mcp ∆T = (1.5kg)(1.4 kJ⁄kg. ℃)(6 − (−18))℃) = 50 kJ

Qtotal = 1461kJ + 12350kJ + 1345kJ + 50kJ = 𝟏𝟓𝟐𝟎𝟔𝐤𝐉

9. Device that converts heat to work.

a. Heat engine
b. Diesel engine
c. Gasoline engine
d. Cyclic engine

Answer: a. Heat engine

10. The fraction of the heat input that is converted to network output is a measure of the
performance of a heat engine.
a. Thermal efficiency
b. Coefficient of performance
c. Heating efficiency
d. Conversion efficiency
 Answer: a. Thermal efficiency

11. Heat is transferred to a heat engine from a furnace at a rate of 80 MW. If the rate of
waste heat rejection to a nearby river is 50 MW, determine the net power output and
the thermal efficiency for this heat engine.
a. 30 MW and 37.5%
b. 50 MW and 47.5%
c. 80 MW and 57.5%
d. 90 MW and 137.5%

Solution:

Qh=80 MW
QL=50MW

Wnet,out = QH – QL
= 80 MW – 50 MW
= 30 MW
ɳth = (QH – QL) / QH
= (80 MW – 50 MW) / 80 MW
= (30 MW / 80 MW)*100 %
= 37.5 %
12. A device that transfer from a low-temperature medium to a high-temperature one. Its
objective is to remove heat from the refrigerated space.
a. Heat engine
b. Refrigerators
c. Air conditioner
d. Condenser

13. The efficiency of a refrigerator is expressed in terms of?

a. Refrigerator’s efficiency
b. Coefficient of performance
c. Cooling efficiency
d. Freezing efficiency

14. Device that transfer heat from a low-temperature medium to a high-temperature

medium.
a. Heat engine
b. Heat pump
c. H
d. Heat conductor
15. A heat pump is used to meet the heating requirements of a house and maintain it at
20°C. On a day when the outdoor air temperature drops to 2°C, the house is estimated
to lose heat at a rate of 80000 kJ/h. If the heat pump under these conditions has a COP
of 2.5, determine a) the power consumed by the heat pump.
a. 32,000 kJ/h
b. 80,000 kJ/h
c. 80,000 kJ/h
d. 46,000 kJ/h

Solution:
COP=2.5
Qh=80,000 kJ/h

𝑄ℎ 80000𝑘𝐽⁄ℎ
Winput = 𝐶𝑂𝑃 = = 𝟑𝟐, 𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒌𝑱⁄𝒉
2.5

16. A heat pump is used to meet the hearing requirements of a house and maintain it at
20°C. On a day when the outdoor air temperature drops to 2°C, the house is estimated
to lose heat at a rate of 80,000 kJ/h. If the heat pump under these conditions has a COP
of 2.5, determine the rate at which heat is absorbed from the cold outdoor air.
a. 48,000 kJ/h
b. 32,000 kJ/h
c. 46,000 kJ/h
d. 76,000 kJ/h

Solution:
COP=2.5
QH=80,000 kJ/h

𝑄𝐻
COP = 𝑄𝐻−𝑄𝐿

𝑘𝐽
80,000
ℎ
2.5 = 𝑘𝐽
80,000 −𝑄𝐿
ℎ

QL = 48,000 kJ/h

17. A household refrigerator with a COP of 1.2 removes heat from the refrigerated space at
a rate of 60 kJ/min. Determine the electric power consumed by the refrigerator.
a. 0.83 kW, 110 kJ/min
b. 0.56 kW, 10 kJ/min
 c. 0.83 kW, 10 kJ/min
d. 0.48 kW,60 kJ/min

18. A household refrigerator with a COP of 1.2 removes heat from the refrigerated space at
a rate of 60 kJ/min. Determine the rate of heat transfer to the kitchen air.
a. 110 kJ/min
b. 10 kJ/min
c. 10 kJ/min
d. 60 kJ/min

Solution:
COP = 1.2
QL=60 kJ/min

𝑄𝐿
COPR = 𝑄𝐻−𝑄𝑙

60 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑖𝑛
1.2 = 𝑄𝐻−60 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑖𝑛

QL = 110 kJ/min

19. An air conditioner removes heat steadily from a house at a rate of 750 kJ/min while
drawing electric power at a rate of 6 kW. Determine a) the COP of this air conditioner
and b) the rate of heat transfer to the outside air.
a. 2.83
b. 2.08
c. 2.01
d. 1.62

Solution:
QH=750 kJ/min

60 𝑚𝑖𝑛
Winput=6 kW x = 360
1

𝑘𝐽
𝑄𝐻 750
min
COP = 𝑊𝑖𝑛𝑝𝑢𝑡 = = 𝟐. 𝟎𝟖
360

20. An air conditioner removes heat steadily from a house at a rate of 750 kJ/min while
drawing electric power at a rate of 6 kW. Determine a) the COP of this air conditioner
and b) the rate of heat transfer to the outside air.
 a. 1120 kJ/min
b. 1110 kJ/min
c. 2110 kJ/min
d. 1.62

Solution:
QL=750 kJ/min

𝑄𝐻
COPHP = 𝑄𝐻−𝑄𝐿

750 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑖𝑛
2.08 = 𝑄𝐻−750 𝑘𝐽/𝑚𝑖𝑛

QH = 1110 kJ/min

21. A heat pump is used to maintain a house at a constant temperature of 23°C. The house
is losing heat to the outside air through the walls and the windows at a rate of 60,000
kJ/h while the energy generated within the house from people, lights, and appliances
amounts to 4000 kJ/h. For a COP of 2.5, determine the required power input to the heat
pump.
a. 6.22 kW
b. 1
c. 12.0 kW
d. 32.0 kW

Solution:
QH=60,000 kJ/h – 4000 kJ/h = 56,000 kJ/h
COP=2.5

𝑄𝐻
Winput = 𝐶𝑂𝑃𝐻𝑃

𝑘𝐽
56,000 1000
ℎ
Winput = 𝑥 (60)(60) = 𝟔. 𝟐𝟐 𝒌𝑾
2.5

22. Transfer of energy from the more energetic particles of a substance to the adjacent less
energetic ones as a result of interactions between the particles and it can take place in
either solid, liquid or gases.
a. Conduction
b. Convection
c. Radiation
 d. Natural and forced convection

23. In conductive heat transfer, at a constant temperature difference more heat is

transferred when the thickness of the conducting body is?
a. Increases
b. Decreases
c. Constant
d. Change in size

24. It is the measure of the ability of a material to conduct heat.

a. Thermal conductivity
b. Coefficient of heat transfer
c. Emissivity
d. Convection heat transfer coefficient

25. Mode of energy transfer between a solid surface and the adjacent liquid or gas that is in
motion, and it involves the combined effects of conduction and fluid motion.
a. Conduction
b. Convection
c. Radiation
d. Natural convection

26. Mode of heat transfer where energy is emitted by matter in the form of
electromagnetic waves (or photons) as a result of the changes in the electronic
configurations of the atoms or molecules.
a. Convection
b. Conduction
c. Radiation
d. Wave energy

27. In conductive heat transfer, at a constant temperature difference more heat is

transferred when the area of the conducting body is?
a. Becomes smaller
b. Becomes wider
c. Remain the same
d. Change in structure

28. Consider a person standing in a breezy room at 20°C. Determine the total rate of heat
transfer from this person if the exposed surface area and the average outer surface
temperature of the person are 1.6 m2 and 29°C, respectively, and the convection heat
transfer coefficient is 6 W/m2·°C.
 a. 168.1 W
b. 81.7 W
c. 86.4 W
d. 88.0 W
𝑄𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣 = ℎ𝐴(𝑇𝑠 − 𝑇𝑓 )
= (6 𝑊 ⁄𝑚2 ) (1.6𝑚2 )(29℃ − 20℃)
= 86.4 𝑊
𝑄𝑟𝑎𝑑 = 𝜀𝜎𝐴(𝑇𝑠 4 − 𝑇𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑟 4 )
= (0.95)(5.67𝑥10−8 𝑊 ⁄𝑚2 . 𝐾 4 )(1.6𝑚2 )((29 + 273𝐾)4 − (20 + 273𝐾)4 )
= 81.7 𝑊
𝑄𝑡𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 𝑄𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑣 + 𝑄𝑟𝑎𝑑 = 86.4𝑊 + 81.7𝑊 = 𝟏𝟔𝟖. 𝟏𝑾

29. For heat transfer purposes, a standing man can be modelled as a 30-cm diameter, 170-
cm long vertical cylinder with both the top and bottom surfaces insulated and with the
side surface at an average temperature of 34°C. For a convection heat transfer
coefficient of 15 W/m2·°C, determine the rate of heat loss from this man by convection
in an environment at 20°C.
a. 2
b. 363 W
c. 633 W
d. 636 W
A = πDL = π(0.3 m)(1.70 m) = 1.60 m²
Qconv =hA T== (15 W/m2 .ᵒ C)(1.60 m2 )(34 − 20)°C = 336 W

30. The heat energy required to raise the temperature of unit mass of a substance by 1°C.
a. Specific pressure
b. Calorific value
c. Specific heat
d. Specific volume

31. The amount of heat transmitted in unit time across unit area through unit thickness for
unit temperature change.
a. Thermal conductivity
b. Specific heat
c. Latent heat
d. Heat balance

32. The idealized surface that emits radiation at this maximum rate or hypothetical body
capable of absorbing all radiation at the maximum rate for a given temperature.
a. Black body
 b. Hypothetical body
c. Plain body
d. White body

33. The inner and outer surfaces of 0.5-cm-thick 2m x 2m window glass in winter are 10°C
and 3°C, respectively. If the thermal conductivity of the glass is 0.78 W/m·°C, determine
the amount of heat loss, in kJ, through the glass over a period of 5 h. What would your
answer be if the glass were 1 cm thick?
a. 78,600 kJ
b. 76,800 kJ
c. 70,608 kJ
d. 70,806 kJ

Solution:
𝛥𝑇 𝑊 (10°𝐶−3°𝐶)
Qcond = 𝑘𝐴 = (0.69 𝑚 · °𝐶) (2𝑚𝑥2𝑚) = 4368 𝑊
𝐿 0.005 𝑚

Q = QcondΔt
= (4.368 kJ/s) (5x3600s)
= 78,600 kJ

34. A 5 cm diameter spherical ball whose surface is maintained at a temperature of 70°C is

suspended in the middle of a room at 20°C. If the convection heat transfer coefficient is
15 W/m2·°C and the emissivity of the surface is 0.8, determine the total rate of heat
transfer from the ball.
a. 2.8 W
b. 8.2 W
c. 82 W
d. 28 W

Solution:
A = πD²
= 3.14(0.05 m)² = 0.007854 m²

Qconv = ℎ𝐴𝛥𝑇
= (15 W/m2·°C) (0.007854 m2) (70°C - 20°C)
= 5.89 W

Qrad = εσA(Ts4 – To4)

= 0.8 (0.007854 m2) (5.67 x 10-8 W/m2·K4) [(343 𝐾)4 − (293 𝐾)4 ]
= 2.31 W
 Qtotal = Qconv + Qrad
= 5.89 W + 2.31 W
= 8.20 W

35. An aluminium pan whose thermal conductivity is 237 W/m·°C has a flat bottom whose
diameter is 20 cm and thickness 0.4 cm. Heat is transferred steadily to boiling water in
the pan through its bottom at a rate of 500 W. If the inner surface of the bottom of the
pan is 105°C, determine the temperature of the outer surface of the bottom of the pan.
a. 103.5°C
b. 105.3°C
c. 135°C
d. 153°C

Solution:
A = π r² = π (0.1 m)² = 0.0314 m²

𝛥𝑇 𝑇2−𝑇1
QA = 𝑘𝐴 = 𝑘𝐴
𝐿 𝐿

𝑊 𝑇2−105°𝐶
500 W = (237 𝑚 · °𝐶) (0.0314 𝑚2 ) 0.004 𝑚

T2 = 105.5°C
36. Hot air at 80°C is blown over a 2m x 4m flat surface at 30°C. If the convection heat
transfer coefficient is 55 W/m2·°C, determine the rate of heat transfer from the air to
the place, in kW.
a. 22 kW
b. 11 kW
c. 21 kW
d. kW

Solution:
𝑊
Qconv = ℎ𝐴𝛥𝑇 = (55 𝑚2·° 𝐶) (2𝑚 𝑥 4𝑚)(80°𝐶 − 30°𝐶) = 𝟐𝟐 𝒌𝑾

37. A furnace wall of 1 m2 consist of 1.2 cm thick stainless steel inner layer covered with 5
cm outside insulation layer of insulation board. The inside surface temperature of the
steel is 800 K and the outside surface temperature of the insulation board is 350 K. The
thermal conductivity of the insulation board is 0.7 W / (m K).
a. 6425 W
b. 6245 W
 c. 6545 W
d. 6365 W

Solution:
[(800 𝐾)−(350 𝐾)](1𝑚2 )
q= = 𝟔𝟐𝟒𝟓 𝑾
0.012 𝑚
( 𝑊 )
19
𝑚𝐾

38. 1000 W iron is left on the ironing board with its base exposed to the air at 20°C. The
convection heat transfer coefficient between the base surface and the surrounding air is
35 W/m2·K. If the base has an emissivity of 0.6 and a surface area of 0.02 m2, determine
the temperature of the base of the iron.
a. 947 K
b. 479 K
c. 749 K
d. 497 K

Solution:
Qtotal = Qconv + Qrad = 1000 W
𝑊
Qconv = ℎ𝐴𝛥𝑇 = (35 𝑚2 · 𝐾) (0.02 𝑚2 )(𝑇𝑠 − 293 𝐾) = 0.7(𝑡𝑠 − 293 𝐾)𝑊

Qrad = εσA(Ts4 – To4)

= 0.6(0.02 m2) (5.67 x 10-8 W/m2·K4) (Ts4 – (293 K)4)
= 0.06804 x 10-8 (Ts4 – (293 K)4) W
Ts = 947 K

39. A thin metal place is insulated on the back and expressed to solar radiation on the front
surface. The exposed surface of the plate has an absorptivity of 0.6 for solar radiation. If
solar radiation is incident on the plane at a rate 0f 700 W/m 2 and the surrounding air
temperature is 25°C, determine the surface temperature of the plate when the heat loss
by convection equals the solar energy absorbed by the plate. Assume the convection
heat transfer coefficient to be 50 W/m2·°C, and disregard heat loss by radiation.
a. 34.3°C
b. 43.3°C
c. 33.4°C
d. 33.3°C

Solution:
Q solar absorbed = Qconv
αQsolar = hA(Ts – To)
0.6 (A) (700 W/m2) = (50 W/m2·°C) (A) (Ts - 25°C)

Ts = 33.4°C

40. A 5 cm external diameter, 10 m long hot water pipe at 80°C is losing heat to the
surrounding air at 5°C by natural convection with a heat transfer coefficient of 25
W/m2·°C. Determine the rate of heat loss from the pipe by natural convection, in kW.
a. 2.95 kW
b. 2.59 kW
c. 5.92 kW
d. 5.29 kW

Solution:
d=5cm=0.05m T1=5°C
L=10m h=25 W/m2·°C
T2=80°C

A = πdL
= π (0.05m) (10m)
= 1.571 m2

Qconv = hA(T1 - T2)

= (25 W/m·°C) (1.571 m2) (80°C - 5°C)
= 2945.6 W or 2.95 kW

41. The outer surface of a spacecraft in space has an emissivity of 0.8 and an absorptivity of
0.3 for solar radiation. If solar radiation is incident on the spacecraft at a rate of 1000
W/m2, determine the surface temperature of the spacecraft when the radiation emitted
equals the solar energy absorbed.
a. 285 K
b. 258 K
c. 825 K
d. 852 K

Solution:
Qsolarabsorbed = Qrad
αQsolar = εσA (Ts4 – Tspace4)
0.3 (A) (1000 W/m2) = 0.8 (A) (5.67 x 10-8 W/m2·K4) (Ts4 – (0 K)4)
Ts = 285 K
42. A hollow spherical iron container whose outer diameter is 20 cm and thickness is 0.4 cm
is filled with iced water at 0°C. If the outer surface temperature is 5°C, determine the
approximate rate of heat loss from the sphere, and the rate at which ice melts in the
container.
a. 0.038 kg/s
b. 0.308 kg/s
c. 0. kg/s
d. 0.380 kg/s

Solution:
A = π D² = 3.14×(0.2 m)² = 0.126 m²
𝛥𝑇 𝑊 5°𝐶−0°𝐶
Qcond = 𝑘𝐴 = (80.2 𝑚 · °𝐶) (0.126 𝑚2 ) 0.004 𝑚 = 12,632 𝑊
𝐿
𝑘𝐽
𝑄 12.632 𝒌𝒈
𝑠
mice = ℎ𝑖𝑓 = 𝑘𝐽 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟑𝟖
333.7 𝒔
𝑘𝑔

43. The inner and outer glasses of a 2m x 2m double pane window are at 18°C and 6°C,
respectively. If the 1 cm space between the two glasses is filled with still air, determine
the rate of heat transfer through the window, in kW.
a. 125 kW
b. 152 kW
c. 215 kW
d. 521 kW

Solution:
𝛥𝑇 𝑊 (18°𝐶−6°𝐶)
Qcond = 𝑘𝐴 = (0.026 𝑚 · °𝐶) (2𝑚𝑥2𝑚) = 𝟏𝟐𝟓 𝒌𝑾
𝐿 0.01 𝑚

44. Two surfaces of a 2 cm thick plate are maintained at 100°C, respectively. If it is

determined that heat is transferred through the plate at a rate of 500 W/m 2, determine
its thermal conductivity.
a. 0.1 W/°C
b. 0.2 W/°C
c. 0.3 W/°C
d. 0.4 W/°C
𝑇1 − 𝑇2
𝑄 = 𝑘𝐴
𝐿
(𝑄 ⁄𝐴)𝐿 (500 𝑊 ⁄𝑚2 )(0.02𝑚)
𝑘= = = 𝟎. 𝟏 𝑾⁄𝒎. ℃
𝑇1 − 𝑇2 100℃ − 0℃

45. The inner and outer surfaces of a brick wall are maintained at specified temperatures.
The rate of heat transfer through the wall is to be determined.
 a. 1,035 W
b. 1,305 W
c. 1,350 W
d. 1,530 W

∆𝑇 20℃ − 5℃
𝑄𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 = 𝑘𝐴 = 0.69 𝑊 ⁄𝑚. ℃)(5𝑚𝑥6𝑚) ( ) = 𝟏𝟎𝟑𝟓𝑾
𝐿 0.3𝑚

46. The front of a slab of lead (k=35 W/m· K) is kept at 110°C and the back is kept at 50°C. If
the area of the slab is 0.4 m2 and it is 0.03 m thick compute the heat flux, q and the heat
transfer rate, Q.
a. 28 kW
b. 82 kW
c. 2.8 kW
d. 8.2 kW

Solution:
𝑑𝑇 323𝐾−383𝐾 𝑊
Heat flux q = -K(𝑑𝑋) = (−35 𝑊 ⁄𝑚. 𝐾 ) ( ) = 70,000 𝑚2
0.03𝑚

Heat transfer rate = qA =70,000 x 0.4 = 28 kW

47. The wall of a house, 7 m wide an 6 m high is made from 0.3 m thick brick with k=0.6
W/m· K. The surface temperature on the inside wall is 16°C and that on the outside is
6°C. Find the heat flux through the wall and the total heat loss through it.
a. 840 W
b. 820 W
c. 804 W
d. 802 W
𝑑𝑇 (289 − 279)𝐾
𝑞 = −𝑘 ( ) = (−0.6 𝑊 ⁄𝑚. 𝐾 ) ( ) = −20 𝑊 ⁄𝑚2
𝑑𝑋 0.3𝑚
∆𝑇
𝑄 = 𝑘𝐴 = (−20 𝑊 ⁄𝑚2 )(7𝑚𝑥6𝑚) = −𝟖𝟒𝟎 𝑾
𝐿
The negative sign indicates the heat flux from inside to outside.
48. In radiation heat transfer, the characteristics of the body to either emit or absorbed the
incoming heat form the source. For a black body, the emissivity is.
a. 1
b. 0
c. -1
d. 2