Threee variables

Usefulness

Ease of use

Observability(show off) Attitude

Study was conducted

Problem Practical

Theoretical

Research design

Framework

Measure (quest, measurement, scale

Who should be respondent

Responses

How to execute

Sampling sapmling frame

Data collection

Analysis

Discussion

Recommendations

assume

Data coding

Spss (recommended)

Or excel

Data cleaning (lazmi)

Missing vale

Extent (how muh data is missing

Pattern: pattern missing data should be random

Write 99 in missing data

 2nd solution

If data mission extent is less than 5% and pattern is random

Suggested by hasiel

Outliers:

Affect bata and p values

Pattern (exclude manuall)

Bad data

Normality

Multicollinearity

Common method bias

Data: whole matrix

The row contain 70%/50% data missin delete

Design instrument

Reverse coded items

Examining the questionnaire by yourself

Data collections process

Questions sometimes are not well thought do not belong to respondents

Solution is pretest, pilot test

Pls: analysis two steps

Measurement model: reliability and validity,

First step, good instrument used

Outer model (items and confronts)

1. Indicator reliability
 a. Factor loadings should be = or greater than 0.5
b. Deleting one item will improve loading of other loadings
c. Do not delete items
d. Delete lowest one and run
e. And then delete other than run
f. If you are deleting item from a variable will affect the items of that variable
2. Internal consistency reliability:

Composite reliability (CR threshold = greater than 0.7)

Cromeback alpha = greater than 0.7

Convergent vailidity

Average variants expected (AVE= greater than 0.5)\

3. Convergent validity: AVE 50%

you can ignore alpha

4. discriminant validity
falnel and locker method widely used
top score should be higher of the lower and its nearby value
cross rooting
htmt method

Conceptualized problem

Core objective to delete less items as possible

Lowest loading run and again lowest loading and again run

Solution is collect data again

If data proves these four test it means that it has passed 1st step

Assessment of the structural model or structural theory

Assesmentb of collinearity (multiicolinearity If more than one Iv)

Conceptually different from eachother these Ivs should not have collinearity

VIF score should be less than 5 if scores are greater than 5 than these two IV will not be used
together

Higher order construction by adding two variables by back it with the theory and literature
Assessment of path coeficients

Hypothesis testing, hypothesis can be directional ( x positive influence on y can be positive as well as
negative) and sometimes non directional ( where you say x have relaations/impact on y) directions is
found through literature. Non directional is used where literature is no avaiale. Non directional is two
tailed t test. If directional then one tailed t test. Two tailed 1.96. spss runs two tail default in regression.

Normality of data small sample size normality problem. Pls is the non pyramatiic approach to deal with
the non normal data, follow a procedure of bootstrapping. T values says suffort in what significance.
Significance of three type, 1% 5% and 10%. P values is computed on the basis of t value

Assessment of R2

Explained as in model Iv how much variance they explain Ivs can be more in the model 0-100% both
ends hard and almost impossible 10% s required for publish. Haeralt 2017 .20 is substantial for
behavioral science.

If R2 is more or 80% then there is problem with your data, you do not have to report ajst R2

Assessment of F2

Ivs every what is Ivs relative importance over Dv no any threshold, if f2 is 0.02, 0.15 mid, 0.3 high cohem
1988

Assessment of Q2:

Goodness of fit, predictive relevance/capability

Blindfolding : threshold is it should be greater than 0

This above analysis was for simple excluding mediation and moderation

Variable to variable inner model,

Latent variavel indirectly measure

If one items then that is not latent

Construct general name of the variable

IV; exogenous variable

DP: indogenous variable

Items deleted ideally should be mentioned

Two main things to consider in research

Statistics

Theory( literature)

Mediation:

Calculates sth called indirect effect look in the paper how theoriticaly justify

Three approach

Baren and Kenny approach: no more useful nowadya

Bootstraping approach: recommended by frexen and Hay 2008 simplest analysi

Mediation si called indirect effect

Preacher and hyez approach

Confidence interval

T value, confidence intervals, p value

Preacher and hayez citation 2006, 2007 ,and 2008 said do bootstrapping and see confidence interval

Moderating value: unexpectedly weak or inconsistent or insignificant relationship

Baren and Kenny

We need to create mode

T value for interpretation

Sign of positive shows that its items are hidden

Reflective measures product indicator approach