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Solar field Heat transfer fluid cycle Steam heat exchangers HP steam Steam turbine generating set
Reheater
Salt
storage Water or
tanks air cooled
condenser
Salt heat
exchanger
Vaporizer
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Parabolic trough technology
With operational experience of more than 20 years in commercial installations, the parabolic trough technology has
proven its reliability, showing its impressive potential on a day-to-day basis. Extensive research efforts are now being
made to replace the currently used thermal oil with molten salt or through direct steam generation to improve the
efficiency of the parabolic trough technology.
Nevada Solar One, completed in 2007, was the first CSP plant built in 17 years
Andasol 1 in southern Spain was the first parabolic trough plant that went online in Europe
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Solar power tower / central receiver
The main advantage of solar power towers in comparison to line-focusing systems is the ability to provide
high-temperature superheated steam, leading to higher power generation efficiencies. Another point is
its flexibility when it comes to plant construction, because heliostats do not need to be sited on an even surface.
A circular array of flat heliostats (sun- to a smaller area, and the heat transfer
tracking mirrors) concentrates sunlight medium does not have to be piped
on to a central receiver at the top around the large solar field. This means
of a tower. A heat transfer medium that higher working fluid temperatures
(water/steam, molten salt or air) in the in the receiver (up to 1000° C) and better
receiver absorbs the thermal energy and steam parameters are feasible, even
transfers it into the steam cycle to gene- supercritical steam is expected.
rate superheated steam for the turbine.
For central tower technologies, Siemens
The advantage over the parabolic trough steam turbines can be operated in plants
or Fresnel collector concept is that the with all current heat transfer mediums like
sunlight on the central receiver is focused air, water/direct steam and molten salt.
The Jülich Solar Tower is a milestone to the commercialization of solar thermal power generation
The Ivanpah plants will use BrightSource Energy’s Luz Power Tower technology
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Linear Fresnel
Simplified plant design, lower investment and operational costs are the main advantages of Linear Fresnel systems.
The flat mirrors are cheaper and easier to produce than parabolic curved reflectors. Moreover, minimized structural
costs, low wind loads, minimized internal energy losses, and lower maintenance costs could turn the Fresnel technology
into a competitive alternative to parabolic troughs.
The Linear Fresnel technology uses long, mirror with a large aperture and short
flat or slightly curved mirrors to focus focal length. This reduces the plant costs
sunlight onto a linear receiver located at since sagged-glass parabolic reflectors are
a common focal point of the reflectors. typically much more expensive.
The receiver runs parallel to and above
the reflectors and collects the heat to Since the optical efficiency as well as the
boil water in the tubes, generating working temperatures are considerably
high-pressure steam to power the steam lower than with other CSP concepts,
turbine (water/direct steam generation, saturated steam conditions have to be
no need for heat exchangers). The considered for this technology. Develop-
reflectors make use of the Fresnel lens ment is now heading from demonstration
effect, which allows for a concentrating plants to bigger, commercialized projects.
The PE1 plant demonstrates the efficiency and cost-effectiveness of the Fresnel technology
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Steam turbines in CSP applications
CSP plants require steam turbines which are optimized for their complex and challenging cycle conditions. Bearing in
mind that efficiency and total cost of ownership are key to any investment decision, Siemens incorporates its operational
experience into extensive R&D and engineering activities to adapt the turbines to the specific requirements of the CSP
technology. As market leader in industrial steam turbines, Siemens commands a comprehensive product portfolio for solar
thermal plants, covering the full range from 1.5 MW to more than 250 MW.
SST-800 &
SST-500
140 bar, 540° C
SST-900 165 bar, 585° C Single casing / non-reheat Dual casing / reheat
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Siemens R&D activities configuration, supercritical steam para- reheat cycles. Due to their high flexibility
Together with EPC contractors and plant meters. Siemens CSP steam turbines have and their outstanding efficiency, they fit
developers, Siemens is continuously de- been optimized to handle a wide steam for all main CSP technologies. Siemens is
veloping new concepts for steam turbines flow range because the solar energy in- continuously reacting on new plant tech-
for CSP applications. Siemens R&D activities tensity and the cycling conditions can nology trends, e.g., the introduction of
focus on the increase in the internal steam vary according to the weather and time simpler solar field designs (e.g., Linear
turbine efficiency as well as on cycle of day. The turbines are suitable for higher Fresnel) have led to changes in the steam
efficiency enhancements of the steam steam parameters and can be operated parameters and accordingly to adjust-
turbine configuration e.g., double reheat in non-reheat, single reheat and double ments in the CSP steam turbines.
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Integrated Solar Combined-Cycle Plants
Apart from solar thermal power plants, Siemens solar steam turbines can be also used for hybrid plants like Integrated
Solar Combined-Cycle (ISCC) systems. The heat generated by the solar field decreases the already low emissions of a
combined cycle power plant and increases the efficiency even more.
Steam turbines for ISCC plants components with the combined cycle, waste heat is used for preheating/super-
it also reduces the CO2 emissions associated heating, while solar heat is used for
For excellent performance and attractive
with a conventional plant. The integration steam generation to operate the turbine
emissions reductions, parabolic troughs
maximizes operation efficiency even with an increased amount of steam. In
can be effectively integrated with a
though solar energy intensity varies this way, the capacity of the steam turbine
conventional combined-cycle plant, as
according to the weather and time of day. can be increased by up to double the
well as a steam-cycle plant.
amount of a conventional combined
The most used technical solution for cycle power plant. In hybrid cycle steam
This configuration is double effective.
ISCC plants is to oversize the steam plants, the steam produced by the solar
It not only minimizes the investment
turbine of the combined cycle plant. field is normally used to displace turbine
associated with the solar field by sharing
During solar operation, the gas turbine extraction steam to the feedwater heaters.
Electricity
Flue gas
Steam turbine
generating set
Waste heat
recovery system
Condenser
Solar field
Solar steam
generator
Deaerator Pump
Expansion
vessel
Feedwater
Pump Low pressure Steam cycle of
preheater
an ISCCS plant
KURAYMAT, Egypt
Integrated Solar Combined Cycle (ISCC) plant
126 MW(e)
The 126 MW ISCC plant, located about 90 km south of Cairo on the eastern side of the river Nile,
is scheduled to start operation in autumn 2010. It will consist of a parabolic trough solar field
capable of generating about 110 MW(th) of solar heat at a temperature of 400° C, one 74 MW(e)
gas turbine and one single casing condensing Siemens SST-900 steam turbine with generator.
Further enlargement of the solar field in the future is possible, and this would raise the plant
capacity to around 150 MW.
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Comprehensive plant expertise
Siemens expertise includes high-efficiency receiver technology, complete plant know-how and proven repairs and
maintenance solutions. We are able to offer about 70 percent of the components of a solar thermal power plant as well
as EPC turnkey solutions in selected cases when this is valued by the customer.
Siemens delivers key components It includes all components and solutions A truly global sales and service network
for the entire water/steam cycle. as offered by Siemens gives the customer
With the acquisition of the solar thermal
the benefit of security of investment,
power company Solel Solar Systems
In addition to the steam turbine package, supply and after sales service.
and the cooperation with the Italian
solar receiver specialist Archimede Solar the scope of supply includes the entire
range of components from condensing From installation and commissioning,
Energy, Siemens is able able to offer
systems to preheaters, evaporators and scheduled overhauls, on-site or factory
high-efficiency receiver technology
cooling systems as well as the entire repairs to spare parts, we are ready to
and comprehensive expertise in the
electrical equipment, plant control serve you. Our global team of highly
planning, engineering and construction
systems, instrumentation, transformers, qualified service specialists is dedicated
of solar fields.
and switchgear. to provide fast and reliable support.
In addition to the steam turbine and the
solar receiver, Siemens is able to deliver All these components belong to
the complete power block for CSP plants. traditional Siemens areas of expertise.
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Selected turbine references in CSP
Siemens have sold more than 50 steam turbines for CSP plants using parabolic trough, solar power tower or
Linear Fresnel technology to generate environmentally friendly electricity. The turbines are specially adapted to
the solar-specific demands for a quick daily start-up and shutdown. The high technical efficiency is a prerequisite
for operational cost-efficiency.
Lebrija 1 is the first CSP plant predominantly manufactured with Siemens components
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Siemens CSP experience
Customers can gain confidence in the reliability and bankability of new projects with Siemens, who have the largest number
of steam turbine projects and references worldwide in solar thermal power plants with parabolic troughs, solar power tower
and Linear Fresnel technology.
Linear Fresnel
➞ plants
Parabolic trough
➞ plants
➞ ISCC plants
excellent good
very good not appropriate
Over twenty years of experience power plants. Since then, Siemens Future prospects
One of the most challenging require- has continuously used its operating ex- Market trends indicate that solar power
ments for a CSP steam turbine is the perience as feedback to adapt its broad will increase significantly in the future.
daily start capability with short start-up steam turbine portfolio to the special The benefits of solar power are compelling:
times. In the power plant near King City, demands of solar thermal power plants. environmental protection, economic
USA, a SST-700 has been running with Accumulated know how from the proven growth, job creation, diversity of fuel sup-
almost daily starts and stops since 1988. and successful SST-700 CSP product ply, technology transfer and innovation.
line was utilized in other steam turbine
The experience from operation with product lines. Life-cycle calculations Solar thermal technology undoubtedly
that turbine is now the reference for of all critical parts have resulted in has a large global potential. Where there
the frequent start and stops that are high-quality materials specially chosen is sun there is heat, where there is heat,
common when operating a solar thermal for long and trouble-free operation. there is the possibility to produce power
power plant. Since June 2007, a 64 MW(e) Additionally, casing design and blade – clean and renewable power. Develop-
SST-700 steam turbine is powering a root improvements have been made, ment is rapid, and a number of different
solar thermal power plant in the U.S. – and a low-mass rotor introduced. solutions are coming to the fore. The
following the boom in the 1980s the first proven high quality, reliability and flexi-
new solar thermal power plant for over To date, Siemens has sold more than bility of the Siemens industrial turbine
15 years. The turbine is deployed in the 50 steam turbines for CSP plants. Over range, as well as the early experience
Nevada Solar One plant in Boulder City. 80 percent of the Spanish parabolic gained in the field, contributing to bank-
trough-type CSP plants already or ability, ensure that customer confidence
This order made Siemens a pioneer in coming online are powered by Siemens is fully satisfied.
steam turbines for solar thermal turbines.
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Siemens steam turbines for CSP
Siemens commands a comprehensive product portfolio for CSP plants, covering the full range from 1.5 MW to more than
250 MW. The following list presents the portfolio of Siemens steam turbine types and turbine combinations suitable for
solar thermal applications. Siemens will always choose the best solution to meet the individual customer requirements.
*valid for CSP applications only; **max. technical data of product line, CSP-specific data dependent on application parameters
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SST-600 SST-700 SST-800 SST-900
For reheat and non-reheat For reheat and double For reheat and non-reheat For reheat and non-reheat
applications reheat applications applications applications
The SST-600 is a single or dual- The SST-700 is a dual-casing reheat The SST-800 is a single-casing The SST-900 is a single or dual-
casing turbine solution for 2- or turbine consisting of a geared direct-drive turbine with reverse casing turbine for 2-pole genera-
4-pole generators, which has HP module and direct-drive LP flow design for 2- or 4-pole genera- tors. The dual casing solution,
been specially adapted to meet module. As an alternative to the tors, which has been optimized for comprising one high pressure and
solar technology requirements HP turbine, a high pressure/ CSP applications, in particular for one intermediate or low pressure
such as tower applications. intermediate pressure (HP/IP) plants with direct steam technology. module, is ideally suited for reheat
The reheat enhances overall turbine can be used, specially The building block design allows an applications, e.g., for large CSP
solar power plant efficiency. developed for CSP plants based easy optimization of the turbines plants. For ISCC plants, a single-
The building block design on trough technology with mode- to meet the plant requirements. casing high-pressure non-reheat
allows an easy optimization of rate steam data. The reliable and The latest optimization for the SST-900 turbine is used, adapted
the turbines to meet the plant well proven turbine is optimized SST-800 allows a single-casing to the demands of the combined
requirements. This configuration for solar steam cycles. reheat solution for high efficiencies, cycle. It can be operated with any
is most suitable for all applica- which is also cost optimized spe- gas turbine, or in combination
The latest upgrade reflects feed-
tions with medium power output. cially for the solar market. with one or more Siemens 47-MW
back from the CSP plants already
SGT-800 gas turbines.
in operation and allows for impro-
ved start-up times and higher Technical Data**
internal efficiency. The new
Power output:
design enables a double-reheat
up to 150 MW
steam cycle, which further impro-
ves the plant efficiency. Inlet parameters:
140 bar / 2,030 psi
540° C / 1,005° F
SST-800 &
SST-500
For reheat applications
The SST-800 and SST-500 is a dual-
casing reheat turbine concept
consisting of a direct-drive single
casing HP/IP module and direct-
drive double flow LP module. The
building block design allows an
Technical Data** Technical Data* easy optimization of the turbines to Technical Data**
meet the plant requirements. This
Power output: Power output: configuration is most suitable for all Power output:
up to 100 MW up to 175 MW applications with very high power up to more than 250 MW
output.
Inlet parameters: Inlet parameters: Inlet parameters:
up to 140 bar / 2,030 psi 100 bar / 1,450 psi 165 bar / 12,395 psi
Technical Data*
540° C / 1,005° F 400° C / 752° F 585° C / 1,085° F
Power output:
up to 250 MW
Inlet parameters:
up to 140 bar / 2,030 psi
540° C /1,005° F
*valid for CSP applications only; **max. technical data of product line, CSP-specific data dependent on application parameters
15
Published by and copyright © 2010:
Siemens AG
Energy Sector
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91058 Erlangen, Germany
Siemens AG
Energy Sector
Oil & Gas Division
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Siemens Energy Inc.
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Houston, Texas 77095, USA
Siemens AG
Lutherstrasse 51
02826 Goerlitz, Germany
For more information, contact our
Customer Support Center.
Phone: +49 180 / 524 70 00
Fax: +49 180 / 524 24 71
(Charges depending on provider)
E-mail: support.energy @ siemens.com
www.siemens.com / energy
Oil & Gas Division
Order No. E50001-W410-A105-V2-4A00
Printed in Germany
Dispo 05400, c4bs 1387 P WS 08102.
All rights reserved.
Picture credits:
Page 4, Nevada Solar One by courtesy
of Schott AG, © Schott AG
Page 4, Andasol under GNU Free
Documentation License (Wikipedia BSMPS)
Page 5, Ivanpah by courtesy of
Brightsource Energy, Inc., © Brightsource Energy, Inc.
Page 6, Puerto Errado 1 by courtesy of
Novatec Biosol AG, © Novatec Biosol AG
Page 12, Gemasolar by courtesy of Sener, S.A.,
© Sener, S.A.
Page 14, SST-120 by courtesy of Novatec Biosol AG,
© Novatec Biosol AG
All other images: © Siemens AG
Subject to change without prior notice.
Printed on paper treated with chlorine-free bleach
Trademarks mentioned in this document are
the property of Siemens AG, its affiliates, or their
respective owners.
The information in this document contains general
descriptions of the technical options available, which
may not apply in all cases. The required technical
options should therefore be specified in the contract.
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