Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
GF4001-1
Actividad Sísmica en Chile
P1 ................................................................................................................................................................ 1
1. GRAFICAR EN PLANTA LA SISMICIDAD DE LA ZONA ............................................................................ 1
2. GRAFICAR DATOS EN PROFUNDIDAD ....................................................................................................... 3
A) ................................................................................................................................................................... 3
B) ................................................................................................................................................................... 5
C) ................................................................................................................................................................... 6
P2 ................................................................................................................................................................ 8
A) ................................................................................................................................................................... 9
B) ................................................................................................................................................................... 9
C)................................................................................................................................................................. 13
REFERENCIAS ......................................................................................................................................... 13
Índice de figuras
II
FIGURA 13: SOUTH-CENTRAL CHILE SEISMICITY. DOTS ARE EPICENTERS OF EVENTS LARGER THAN M
4.5 FROM THE NEIC CATALOG FROM 1900 TO 2017. THE COLOR BAR IS RELATED WITH THE
DEPTH OF THE HYPOCENTERS. THE PURPLE LINE IS THE ESTIMATED RUPTURE EXTENT THE GIANT
1960 AND 1737 AND 1837 VALDIVIA EARTHQUAKES, AND THE YELLOW COLOR LINES ARE THE
RUPTURE LENGTHS OF SMALLER EVENTS THAT RUPTURED A PARTIAL ZONE OF THE INTERPLATE
CONTACT. (RUIZ AND MADARIAGA (2018)) ....................................................................................... 12
III
P1
1
Al cambiar la escala del gráfico según lo señalado en el
enunciado, nos queda:
Figura 2: Distribución en km
2
2. Graficar datos en profundidad
a)
3
Figura 4: Aproximación de placas
4
b)
5
c)
𝐿𝑜𝑔(𝑛) = 𝑎 + 𝑏 ∙ 𝑀
6
Figura 8: Ley de Omori
𝑁 = 𝐾 ∙ (𝑐 + 𝑡)𝑝
Ahora bien, para analizar la ley de Bath, se utilizan los sismos y
sus magnitudes por día:
7
Figura 9: Ley de Bath
P2
8
Figura 10: Distribucion p2
a)
b)
9
Figura 11: Northern and North-Central Chile seismicity. Dots are epicenters of
events larger than M 4.5 from the NEIC catalog from 1900 to 2017. The color bar is
related with the depth ofthe hypocenters. The purple lines are the estimated rupture
extent of giant earthquakes and the yellow color lines are the rupture lengths of
smaller events that ruptured a partial zone of the interplate contact. The black
stars indicate the epicenters of major intraplate intermediate depth events. (Ruiz
and Madariaga (2018))
10
Figura 12: North Central and Central Chile seismicity. Dots are epicenters of events
larger than M 4.5 from the NEIC catalog from 1900 to 2017. The color bar is related
with the depth of the hypocenters. The purple lines are the estimated rupture extent
of giant megathrust earthquakes and the yellow color lines are the rupture lengths
of smaller events that ruptured a partial zone of the interplate contact. The black
stars indicate the epicenters of main intraplate intermediate depth events. (Ruiz
and Madariaga (2018))
11
Figura 13: South-Central Chile seismicity. Dots are epicenters of events larger
than M 4.5 from the NEIC catalog from 1900 to 2017. The color bar is related with
the depth of the hypocenters. The purple line is the estimated rupture extent the
giant 1960 and 1737 and 1837 Valdivia earthquakes, and the yellow color lines are
the rupture lengths of smaller events that ruptured a partial zone of the interplate
contact. (Ruiz and Madariaga (2018))
12
Utilizando los datos históricos, es posible observar que las zonas
donde ahora no hay sismicidad es donde hubo terremotos en los años
mas cercanos. En las zonas de Iquique, las costas al sur de
Valparaíso hasta Valdivia, registran los grandes terremotos de los
últimos 50 años. Esto sucede debido a que los sismos tienen cierta
periodicidad, pues, estos acumulan energía y estos lugares están en
esa condición. Es decir, en algún momento la actividad sísmica en
estas zonas va a volver a ocurrir, como se ve en las líneas moradas
de las figuras anteriores, donde cada gran terremoto por sector
sucede aproximadamente cada 100 años.
C)
Referencias
13
Ruiz and Madariaga (2018). Historical and recent large megathrust
earthquakes in Chile. Amsterdam:Elsevier
14