Hydrogen Sulfide Safety

Saudi Arabian Saipem
.Ltd
Hydrogen sulfide safety
mepiaS naibarA iduaS. dtL
Hydrogen
mepiaS naibarA iduaS. sulfide, also
dtL known as H2S, sour gas, sulfured hydrogen,
and rotten – eggs gas, is a deadly gas that can be found in formations that
mepiaS naibarAare
iduaS.
being drilled for oil.dtL
when a well is drilled into a formation containing
H2S , it may be circulated to the surface in drilling mud or in other fluids
being circulated , such as air , gas ,oil m or water .
mepiaS naibarASeveral
iduaS. places on the rigdtLare potentially dangerous should H2S formation
be encountered. One of these places is the bell nipple. Another is the mud
mepiaS naibarAreturn
iduaS. line. Others include
dtL the shale shakers, open mud troughs or ditches,
mud tanks or pits, or any other part of circulating system, including the
mud pumps. Intake discharge lines stand pipe and rotary hose where leaks
mepiaS naibarAmay
iduaSoccur.
. dtL
mepiaS naibarACharacteristics
iduaS. dtLof H2S :
Since H2S is heavier than air, it can settle or accumulate in low places,
mepiaS naibarAespecially
iduaS. if there is nodtL
wind or air current to blow it a way, so special
care should be taken in low or enclosed spaces around the rig.
mepiaS naibarAH2S
iduaSis
. especially dangerous
dtL because it is colorless, it will burn or
mepiaS naibarAexplode
iduaS. in air and if it does
dtL burn, it produces another dangerous gas
called sulfur dioxide, or SO2. in small amounts H2S smells like rotten
mepiaS naibarAeggs
iduaS,. but smell can notdtLbe relied up on to detect it because H2s deadens
the sense of smell quickly.
mepiaS naibarAThe
iduaS .
effects dtL depend on how long it is handled and how
of H2S "table"
concentrated it is .a heavy dose of the gas can render a person
unconscious almost instantaneously. If a person is not removed from the
mepiaS naibarAarea
iduaSimmediately
. and given
dtL artificial resuscitation, he can die or suffer
brain damage. a smaller dose of H2S breathed in from 3 to 15 minutes
mepiaS naibarAmay
iduaScause
. eyes to waterdtL.the chest to tighten or burn , and the skin to itch
or tingle . Coughing is another symptom of small H2S dosage.

1


Concentration Toxic effects
"part
mepiaS naibarA iduaSper
. dtL
million"
Dose no damage for up to 8 hours exposure
10 .
mepiaS naibarA iduaS dtL
mepiaS naibarA iduaS

100. dtL of smell in 3 to 15 minutes may sting eyes and throat
Destroy sense

200 Kills sense of smell shortly sting eyes and throat.

500 Cause loss of reasoning and balance, produce respiratory paralysis in 30to45
minutes, and demand prompt artificial resuscitation.
700.
mepiaS naibarA iduaS Checks breathing,
dtL with consequent death unless rescue is prompt, requires
immediate artificial resuscitation.
1000 Cause instant unconsciousness makes permanent brain damage highly probable
mepiaS naibarA iduaS. without immediate
dtL rescue.

Precaution against
H2S :

There are ways to protect the crew from poisonous H2S gas since
mepiaS naibarAwind
iduaS.easily disperses H2S
dtL moving a way from the rig
***facing the wind will soon get a person of the danger area .if possible,
mepiaS naibarA*** the
iduaS. crew should move dtL uphill, since H2S has a tendency to
accumulate in low areas.
mepiaS naibarA***
iduaS.
Never, dtLany one move toward the well head, even if it is
never should
upwind! This would be moving right into the source of H2S.
*** Windsocks and streamers can give an indication of which way the
mepiaS naibarAwind
iduaS.is blowing. dtL
*** Bugs blowers can also be used to blow H2S a way if the wind is calm
mepiaS naibarA***.in
iduaS. order for the crew
dtLmembers to know exactly what to do in case of
H2S encounter, briefing should be given to the crews working in areas
mepiaS naibarAthat
iduaS.
might contain H2S.dtL
*** An areas that will be safe should be designated a meeting place
mepiaS naibarAwhere
iduaS. personal can assemble
dtL to receive instruction during an H2S
emergency.
mepiaS naibarA***
iduaS.
There dtLareas so designated, so no matter which way the
should be two
wind is blowing, one of these areas will be up wind.

2
*** Drilling mud should be heavy enough to counteract any H2S kick
mepiaS naibarAincurred,
iduaS. also, an H2S dtLneutralizer can be added to the mud to help
prevent the gas from reaching the surface, detectors can be placed at the
shale shakers, bell nipple, mud tanks, and other places where H2S likely
mepiaS naibarAtoiduaS
be .noticed first, thesedtLsensors trigger warning alarms which can be
sirens or combination of sirens and high –intensity lights. Portable hand –
mepiaS naibarAheld
iduaSdetectors
. are also dtL
available.

Breathing Equipment
Many brands and types of breathing equipment are available for
protection from H2S type pf breathing units can be divided into three
mepiaS naibarAbasic
iduaS.categories, escapedtLunit work unit and rescue unit.
*** Escape unites: are designed to have a self contained air supply and to
mepiaS naibarAgive
iduaSa. person enough time
dtL to escape to safe area in the event of
emergency.
mepiaS naibarA***
iduaS .
Work dtL
unit: allow workers to continue to work safely in an H2S
environment.
*** Rescue unit: have their own self contained supply of air that is
mepiaS naibarAcarried
iduaS. in bottles usuallydtLworn on the back, the average air supply in the
bottles is about 30minutes, but this varies with the amount of work being
mepiaS naibarAdone
iduaS."exertion" and thedtLway a person breathes. These units are used for
rescue operations when it is not practical to use a work unit.
mepiaS naibarAPersonal
iduaS. consideration
dtL of crew :
Some of the physical considerations that should be taken into account
mepiaS naibarAiniduaS
the. use of breathing dtL
equipment are long hair, beards, or mustaches, and
eye glasses or contact lenses which may interfere with the face mask on
mepiaS naibarAthe
iduaS.
breathing dtL
units. equipment should be designed for individual
peculiarities of the wearer if the person wear dentures , he shouldn't
remove them since pressure – demand air mask are fitted on each
mepiaS naibarAemployee
iduaS. for a positivedtL
fit, and if the denture are removed , the facial
contours change and the mask no longer fits correctly. An individual with
mepiaS naibarAperforated
iduaS. eardrums should
dtL not be allowed to work in an area where H2S
can enter the lungs through the broken eardrums. Other considerations are
mepiaS naibarAhypertension
iduaS. dtL
and respiratory problems. The tool pusher should be aware
mepiaS naibarAofiduaS
any. unfavorable physical
dtL conditions in any of his men.

3

Emergency procedures :
Each
mepiaS naibarA iduaS. rig should have
dtLstandard procedures to follow if H2S is
encountered, and the crew should be very familiar with them .one set of
mepiaS naibarAsuggested
iduaS. steps is to: dtL
1- Go to designated area.
mepiaS naibarA iduaS . Put on breathing
2- dtLequipment.
3- Wait further instruction.
A buddy system is valuable to ensure that all persons are accounted for in
mepiaS naibarAan emergency.
iduaS . dtL
Should there be a sudden release of H2S however, the crew members
mepiaS naibarAshould
iduaS. not panic .they should
dtL hold their breaths, put on their breathing
equipment, help any person in distress, and go to the designated briefing
mepiaS naibarAarea.
iduaS. dtL

If persons have been overcome, rescue procedures should be started
mepiaS naibarAimmediately.
iduaS. Before any
dtLrescue operations are started, protective
breathing equipment should be put on. The victim should be moved
mepiaS naibarAquickly
iduaS. to a place where dtLthe air safe to breath. If he is not breathing
artificial resuscitation should be begun. The supervisor should be notified
immediately if some one is injured by H2S so that he can make
mepiaS naibarAarrangements
iduaS. to evacuate
dtL the victim to a hospital. Emergency telephone
number or radio-contact procedures should be posted so that medical
mepiaS naibarApersonnel
iduaS. an other authorities
dtL may be contacted if needed.
A flag system should be used for warning about existing conditions on
mepiaS naibarAthe
iduaS . site the flag and
drill dtLsign should be located at the road entrance to the
location.
*** A green flag signifies normal operations
mepiaS naibarA*** A. yellow flag means
iduaS dtLmoderate amounts of H2S may be present; this
flag is put up when drilling reaches 1000 feet above the hazardous zone
mepiaS naibarAthat
iduaSis. suspected to contain
dtL H2S.
*** A red flag indicates extreme hazard this flag is hoisted when H2S
mepiaS naibarApresent.
iduaS. The flag is flown dtL regardless of the concentration if the gas or
odor has reached the surface.
a well – informed crew that knows what to do in case of H2S emergency
mepiaS naibarAisiduaS
less. likely to panic when
dtL faced with the situation than a crew not
briefed on emergency procedures
mepiaS naibarA4iduaS. dtL

Hydrogen Sulfide Safety

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