TEKNOLOGI PENANGANAN

LIMBAH (PPP405P)

setya.abduh@undip.ac.id

Bachelor Program of Food Technology

Faculty of Animal & Agricultural Sciences
Diponegoro University
 Topics
● Sustainable ● Ecological footprint
development ● Carbon footprint
● Water scarcity ● Carbon price
● Food starvation
● Global warming
● Climate change
 Sustainable Development
● Economic development that is conducted
without depletion of natural resources
● Development that meets the needs of the
present without compromising the ability of
future generations to meet their own needs
(International Institute for SD).
Water Footprint
 Water Footprint
● http://www.angelamorelli.com/water/
 Food Starvation
● Hunger kills more people every year than AIDS, malaria &
tuberculosis combined (WFP.org).
● Some 805 million people in the world do not have enough
food to lead a healthy active life. That's about one in nine
people on earth.
● The vast majority of the world's hungry people live in
developing countries, where 13.5 percent of the population is
undernourished.
● Asia is the continent with the most hungry people - two thirds
of the total. The percentage in southern Asia has fallen in
recent years but in western Asia it has increased slightly.
http://cironline.org/reports/map-world-food-statistics-2971
http://cironline.org/reports/map-world-food-statistics-2971
http://cironline.org/reports/map-world-food-statistics-2971
http://cironline.org/reports/map-world-food-statistics-2971
http://cironline.org/reports/map-world-food-statistics-2971
Environmental problems relevant to
the risk of starvation
Acid Deposition (SO2, NO2, NH3)
Global Sulfur Cycle (flux in Mt or Tg S per anum)
 Nitrogen Deposition Effect
● Nitrogen deposition leads to eutrophication of natural
ecosystems
● Vegetation composition (and – by this means – also
faunistic composition) is altered: nitrophilic species gain
higher abundance
● Vegetation health is negatively affected. This is because
plants receiving more nitrogen show:
– higher shoot/root ratios
– less resistance to chilling and frost
– higher digestibility by consumers. Therefore, attractiveness to
consumers (grazers, pests) is increased
● Therefore, ecosystem health may be impaired and
ecosystem functioning may be negatively affected.
● Under present trends, by 2030, maize production in Southern
Africa could decrease by up to 30%, while rice, millet and
maize in South Asia could decrease by up to 10%. By 2080,
yields in developing countries could decrease by 10% to 25%
on average while India could see a drop of 30% to 40%. By
2100, while the population of three billion is expected to
double, rice and maize yields in the tropics are expected to
decrease by 20–40% because of higher temperatures without
accounting for the decrease in yields as a result of soil
moisture and water supplies stressed by rising temperatures.
● Future warming of around 3 °C (by 2100, relative to 1990–
2000) could result in increased crop yields in mid- and high-
latitude areas, but in low-latitude areas, yields could decline,
increasing the risk of malnutrition. A similar regional pattern of
net benefits and costs could occur for economic (market-
sector) effects. Warming above 3 °C could result in crop
yields falling in temperate regions, leading to a reduction in
global food production.
 Climate Change
● Climate change is a significant time variation in weather
patterns occurring over periods ranging from decades to
millions of years. Climate change may refer to a change in
average weather conditions, or in the time variation of
weather around longer-term average conditions (i.e., more
or fewer extreme weather events). Climate change is
caused by factors such as biotic processes, variations in
solar radiation received by Earth, plate tectonics, and
volcanic eruptions. Certain human activities have also been
identified as significant causes of recent climate change,
often referred to as "global warming".[1]
● Kyoto Protocol:
http://unfccc.int/kyoto_protocol/items/2830.php
● Bali Protocol:
http://unfccc.int/meetings/bali_dec_2007/meeting/6319.php
 Other Pollutants
● Organic
– Chlorinated hydrocarbons (CHC): DDT, dioxin ect.
– PAH
● Heavy metals
Ecological Footprint
 Ecological Footprint
● The ecological footprint is a measure of human
demand on the Earth's ecosystems, the amount
of natural capital used each year.
● Ecological footprints can be calculated at any
scale: for an activity, a person, a community, a
city, a region, a nation or humanity as a whole.
Cities, due to population concentration, have
large ecological footprints and have become
ground zero for footprint reduction.
Ecological Footprint
 Carbon Footprint
● A carbon footprint is historically defined as "the total sets
of greenhouse gas emissions caused by an organization,
event, product or person."
● A measure of the total amount of carbon dioxide (CO 2)
and methane (CH4) emissions of a defined population,
system or activity, considering all relevant sources, sinks
and storage within the spatial and temporal boundary of
the population, system or activity of interest. Calculated
as carbon dioxide equivalent (CO2e) using the relevant
100-year global warming potential (GWP100).
 Carbon Price
● Carbon pricing — the method of reducing global-warming
emissions most favored by economics — charges those
who emit carbon dioxide (CO2) for their emissions. That
charge, called a carbon price, is the amount that must be
paid for the right to emit one tonne of CO2 into the
atmosphere.[1] Carbon pricing usually takes the form of
a carbon tax or a requirement to purchase permits to
emit (also called "allowances"). Because such permits
are privately tradable and emissions are limited to the
total number of available permits (the cap), this system is
known as cap-and-trade.
 Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

● http://www2.epa.gov/recycle
● http://www.recycling-guide.org.uk/rrr.html
Environmental Management System
(EMS) to Food Industries
● Some declarations and regulations concerning
environments
● ISO 14000