Vip HMI Displays PDF

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GE Energy Products – Europe
A GE Power Systems Business
Customer Training
SPEEDTRONIC ™
Mark V
Turbine Control
HMI Displays
Displ91E_Taw.pdf
-1-
SPEEDTRONIC Mark V HMI Displays
Contents
1. CONTROL DISPLAYS 4
1.1 Startup Control Display 5
1.2 DLN Control Display 15
1.2.1 Gas Fuel System 17
1.2.2 DLN Operation Modes 21
1.2.3 Inlet Bleed Heat 25
1.2.4 Liquid Fuel System 29
1.2.5 Water Injection 34
1.3 FSR Control Display 36
1.4 Gen/Exciter Control 38
1.5 IGV Control Display 41
1.6 Lube Oil Display 45
1.7 Motors Control Display 46
1.7.1 Turbine Compartment Vent Fans 47
1.7.2 Load Compartment Vent Fans 48
1.7.3 Distillate Fuel Forwarding Pumps 49
1.7.4 Cooling Water Pumps 50
1.7.5 Cooling Water Fans and Motors 51
1.8 Synchro Display 53
1.9 Air Filter 55
1.10 Off-Line Washing 56
1.11 On-Line Washing 57
2. MONITOR DISPLAYS 58
2.1 Bearing Temperatures 58
2.2 Exhaust Temperatures 60
2.3 Generator Temperatures 68
2.4 Seismic Vibration 70
2.5 Wheelspace Temperatures 74
3. AUXILIARY DISPLAYS 76
3.1 Demand Displays 76
3.2 Flame Intensity 77
3.3 Start Check 78
3.4 Timers and Counters 79
3.5 Trip Diagram 80
3.6 Valve Calibration 81
4. TEST DISPLAYS 82
4.1 Overspeed Test 82
5. TOOLS PROGRAMS 83
GEEPE A31 Displ91E_Taw2w.doc 3

1. Control Displays
The following Figure shows the structure of the display targets for the HMI Displays. There are four
main groups of Operation and Control Displays, named as Control, Monitor, Auxiliaries
and Tests. All displays are described in this manual.
Level 0 Navigation:
_Overview Opens Overview 1 and 2
Level 1 Navigation:
_Gas_Turbine_# Sets the UNIT_NAME = "GT#"
Level 0 Navigation:
_Tools_GT# Opens the Tools window
Level 2 Navigation:
_Control Sets NAV_CTRL = 1, 2, 3 or 4
_Monitor
_Aux
_Tests
Level 3 Navigation:
_Startup Sets UNIT_CTRL = Value 1 to 26
_DLN
_Motors
_...
_...
Figure 1-1 Menu Structure
The groups Control, Monitor, Aux and Tests consist of the following displays:
Control Monitor Aux Tests
Start-up Bearing temps Demand Overspeed test

Dln Exhaust Flame
FSR control Generator RTD Start check
Gen/exciter Seismic Vibration Timers/Counters
IGV Control Wheelspace Trip diagram
Lube oil Valve calibration
Motors
Synchro
Air Filter
WW Off-Line
WW On-Line

1.1 Startup Control Display
The StartUp Control display is the first of the Control displays. It can be seen as the MAIN DISPLAY
which allows all normal GT/Generator operation from startup to full load.
Figure 1.1-1 Startup Control Display
The StartUp Control Display shows the following items:
• Turbine/Generator Schematic Showing the turbine and generator block diagram.

• Operation Data Boxes Turbine and generator status and operating conditions.
• Command Targets With: Arm/Execute targets (i.e. Mode Select)
Immediate Action targets (Raise/Lower)
Analog Setpoint targets (i.e. Preselect Load)
• Alarm Window To view and handle alarm messages (Ack, Silence, etc.)
• Unit Select Targets To select a unit: Gas Turbine #n
• Display Targets To open displays: Tools, Control, Monitor, Aux., Tests,
Master Reset, Startup Trend.

Startup Control Display
Turbine / Generator Schematic
Item Description Mark V Signal

Gas Shows the gas fuel supply path:
SRV (valve) Speed Ratio Valve (closed / controlling condition) FSGR > 1
Feedback: Pressure signal from 96FG transducers FPG2
Control Valves Gas Control Valves (closed / controlling condition) FSGR > 1
Gas fuel flow (calculated value from 96FF-2, 96FG-1) FQG (FDG2,FPG3)
Gas Ctrl Valve Reference: Position Ref. value for the control valve FSROUT
Feedback: Position signal from the LVDT transducers FSG
Speed Ratio Vlv Reference: Pressure Ref. value for the control valve FPRGOUT
Feedback: Position signal from the LVDT transducers FSGR
Starting Motor Indicates the status of the starting motor (Off / On) L52CR
Inlet Air Compressor inlet air temp. and pressure

Compressor Temperature Inlet Maximum CTIM
Inlet air total diff pressure (96CS-1) AFPCS
IGV Inlet Guide Vane angle (actual position) CSGV
Comperssor Pressure Discharge CPD
Comperssor Temperature Discharge CTDA
ABCDEFGH Flame Detector Indication L28FDA,B,C,D,..
Exhaust Average exhaust temp. of all exhaust thermocouple values TTXM
Speed GT speed in % TNH

GT speed in rpm TNH_RPM
Max Vib Max. value of all GT/Gen vibration signals BB_MAX
FSR Fuel Stroke Reference in % FSR
Generator data:
Breaker Generator breaker condition (Open / Closed) L52GX
MW: Active power of the generator in MW DWATT
MVAR: Reactive power of the generator in MVAR DVAR
Gen Generator Voltage (in kV) DVX
Sys Network System Voltage (in kV) SVLX
Gen Generator Frequency (in Hz) DF
Sys Network System Frequency (in Hz) SFL1

Operation Data boxes
###########
Status
###############
Item Indication Mark V Signal

(Line 1) All Locations, HMI Control, General Remote I_C_CTRL_1
Status
(Line 2) Trip, Fast Load Start, Off-Line Water Wash, MSG_FLD1
On-Line Water Wash, Fuel Line Purge (ENM08)
Turbine Status ###############

Turbine State ############
Control Mode ########
Fuel Control ################
Misc. Status #################
IGV Control #################
Speed Level #################

Turbine Status Shows the actual status of the unit: Not Ready to Start, STATUS_FLD
as: Ready to Start, Starting, Cranking, Firing, Warming Up,
Shutdown Status Accelerating, Full Speed No Load, Synchronizing,
Startup Status Spinning Reserve, Loading, Fast Loading, Preselect Load,
Run Status Base Load, Peak Load, Part Load, Unloading,
Voltage Matching, Isoch Speed Cont, Fired Shutdown,
Purging Fuel Lines, Coasting Down,
On Cooldown, Off Cooldown,
Turbine State Starting, Stopped, Preselect, Base Select, Peak Select, SELECT2
External Setpoint
Control Mode OFF, Cooldown, Crank, Fire, Manual, Auto SC43
Fuel Control Shows, which FSR control-circuit is controlling FSR: FSR_CONTROL
Shutdown, FSR Gagged-Manual, Temperature, Startup,
Acceleration-HP, (Acceleration-LP), Speed-Droop,
Speed-Isoch
Misc. Status Sequence in Progress, Isochronous Standby, MSG_FLD2
Start Sequencing 52L Open, 52L Auto Synch Selected
IGV Control IGV Full Open, IGV Temp Control, IGV Manual Control MSG_FLD3
Speed Level >95% - 14HS, 50% to 60% - 14HC, 40% to 50% - 14HA, SPEED_LVL
9.5% to 10% - 14HM, 6% to 8.4% - 14HT,
3.5% to 4% - 14HP, 0.06% to 0.31% - 14HRZ

Command Targets
Operation Mode Signal
Mode
Select Off: The unit does not accept a start signal L43O
Off Cooldown: Enables the Startup function for cooldown L43CD
Crank Crank: Enables Startup to minimum speed (cranking speed) L43C
Fire Fire: Enables Startup to minimum speed, ignition and warmup L43F
Auto Auto: Enables startup to full speed and loading L43A
Master
Control Start/Stop Command
Start Start: Initiates the Normal Startup sequence L1S
Fast Start Fast Start: Activates the fast load start to preselected load L1FX
Stop Stop: Unloading and shut down ("fired shut down") L94X
Load Load Control Mode

Select
Preselect Ld Loading or unloading to the Preselected Load value SC43LOAD = 1, L83PS
Base Load Loading to the maximum base exhaust temp. value SC43LOAD = 2, L83B
Generator
Mode Generator Control Mode
Off Deactivates the selected PF or VAR control function L83GENOFF
PF Selects the power factor control function L83PF
VAR Selects the reactive power control function L83VC
Speed/Load
Control
Raise/Lower Command
Raise Raise command for the speed/load setpoint TNR. L70R4R_CPB
Lower Lower command for the speed/load setpoint TNR. L70R4L_CPB
Control Control Location

Location
Local All locations, Local <I> or Remote <I> L43LOCAL (I_C_CTRL_1 ->2)
Remote "General Remote" control mode L43R (I_C_CTRL_1 ->3)
Cable Cable Remote L86CA

Remote
Enable Enabling the cable remote function L43CA=1, L43CAYES_CPB
Disable Disabling the cable remote function L43CA=0, L43CANO_CPB

Command Targets (cont´d)
Target
Cooldown
Control Cooldown Control
On
On Starts the cooldown cycle at shutdown condition (L43CD_ON_CPB).
Off
By activating this target the cooldown function is enabled (L30D_CD=1).
The following systems are started with the ON command:
→ Auxiliary lube oil pump 88QA-1 and Bearing lifting pump 88QB-1.
Note: This function allows to test the lube oil system before starting the unit.
The starting motor is not started by this ON-command.
The turning gear function can be activated with a START command

from the Startup Display when the Mode Select function Cooldown
has been selected:
→ The Cranking (Starting) motor 88CR-1 starts and brings the turbine
up to 4% speed (TNK14HP1) and is then stoppped.
→ The turning motor 88TG-1 is started when the speed drops
below 3.3% speed (TNK14HP2).
Off Stops the cooldown cycle (L43CD_OFFCPB)

When the Off target is activated, the cooldown function for the unit is
stopped (L30D_CDC=1). The above listed auxiliary systems are stopped.
Conditions for Cooldown Off
1. The cooldown timer (K62CD, 14 hrs.) has elapsed (L62CD=1).
2. The maximum wheelspace temperature is below 93°C/200°F.

Command Targets (cont´d)
Preselect Ld Preselected Load Setpoint Signal

Setpoint
Setpoint target for the Presel. load value L90PSEL_CMD
Setpoint ##.# MW Indicates the entered setpoint value L90PSEL_CMD
Reference ##.# MW Actual setpoint value L90PSEL
MWATTS ##.# MW Actual generator load value DWATT
Note: The actual setpoint value L90PSEL will
follow the entered setpoint command
L90PSEL_CMD directly.
The setpoint range for L90PSEL is
from LK90PSMN to LK90PSMX.
MVAR Control Signal

MVAR Control Setpoint
Setpoint target for the MVAR load value DRVAR_CMD
Setpoint ##.# MVAR Indicates the entered setpoint value DRVAR_CMD
Reference ##.# MVAR Actual setpoint value DRVAR
MVARS ##.# MVAR Actual reactive power value DVAR
Power Factor Control Signal

PF Control Setpoint Setpoint target for the PF value DRPF_CMD
Setpoint #.## Indicates the entered setpoint value DRPF_CMD
Reference #.## Actual setpoint value DRPFM
PF #.## Actual power factor value DPF
Master Reset
The Master Reset target opens the following window.

ALARM-WINDOW
Ack Silence Lock Unlock Comments Setup Alarms

Date Time Alarm ID Device Ack State Message
Buttons Procedure Description

Ack Alarm_Ack Acknowledges the selected alarm message(s).
Silence L86ASIL_CPB Silences the Mark V panel alarm horn.
Lock Alarm_Lock Locks out the selected alarm message.
Unlock Alarm_Unlock Unlocks the selected (locked) alarm message.
Comments Alarm_Comment Opens the alarm comment window.
Setup Alarm_Setup Opens the alarm display setup window.
Alarms L0_Alarms Opens the main alarm display (ALARM.CIM).
Banners Description Example

Date Date of the first appearence of the alarm message Jul 23
Time Time of the first appearence of the alarm message 08:42:45.65
Alarm ID Alarm number (drop) of the alarm message P242, P0
Device Type of the alarm message T1
Ack Acknowledge status (Y or N) Y
State Actual Alarm status (ALARM / NORMAL) ALARM
Message Alarm message text (see Fig.)
The alarm window contains a scrollable viewing area and one row of buttons along the top it. The
buttons allow to take action on the alarms displayed in the viewing area. To take an action on an
alarm, the desired alarm in the viewing area has to be selected. Then the button that corresponds to
the desired action (e.g. Acknowledge, Lock) has to be clicked on.
The alarm display has two modes of operation:
Dynamic mode - all alarms might NOT be displayed. If there are more alarms than will fit in the
viewing area then only the most recent alarms will be displayed until the viewing area is filled.
The display updates in real time as the alarm information changes.
Static mode - the display will NOT continually update. To update the display, click on the Refresh
button. All alarms are displayed. If there are more alarms than will fit in the viewing area, a scroll bar
will appear on the right edge on the window. This mode is used if the alarm incoming rate makes it
difficult to select an individual alarm.

Startup Trend
Figure 1.1-2 Startup Trend

Loading and Unloading
The following diagram shows a typical loading and unloading for automatic and manual
operation.
120
Load
[%] 100
80
60
40
20
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Time [min]
Figure 1.1-3 Loading and Unloading Time [min]
The constants for automatic and manual loading/unloading are given in the table below.
These are typical settings for a frame 9001E unit.
Logic Constant Setting Unit Function

L83JD_2 TNKR1_2 0.66 %/min Manual Loading Rate (100% Load / 6min)
L83JD_3 TNKR1_3 2.00 %/min Manual Speed Rate
L83JD_4 TNKR1_4 0.33 %/min Auto Load Rate (100% Load / 12min)
L83JD_8 TNKR1_8 6.00 %/min Speed Matching Rate
Manual Loading Rate TNKR1_2 is used when: L83MLOAD = 1

- Local load Raise/Lower is enabled for load control L70R4R(L)_CPB
- Raise/Lower from A512 is used for load control L70R4CSR(L)
- Cable remote Raise/Lower is used for load control S70R4CSR(L)
- Raise in case of fast load start command is set L1FAST_CPB
Manual Speed Rate TNKR1_3 is used when: L83MSPD = 1
- Local speed Raise/Lower is enabled L70R4R(L)_CPB
- Raise/Lower from A512 is used for synchronization L70R4CSR(L)
- (Opt.) Cable remote Raise/Lower is used for synchr. S70R4CSR(L)
- (Opt.) Base to Peak load transient lower is activated L70LX2
Auto Load Rate TNKR1_4 is used when: L70R(L)X5 = 1
- Raise/Lower from Auto Load Control L90LV2 is active L90LR, L90LL
- Isochronous mode is enabled L83SCI_CMD
Speed Matching Rate TNKR1_8 is used when: L70R(L)X6 = 1
- Synch speed matching is enabled L60TNMR(L)

Loading and Unloading (cont´d)
Load and Fuel relation

The following diagram shows the startup and the loading of a unit.
The turbine values are speed TNH, Fuel stroke reference FSR, Fuel flow FQL1
and the load DWATT.
FSR [%] 160

140 DWATT
TNH [%]
120
FQL1 [%]
100 TNH
DWATT [MW] FSR
80 FQL1
60
40
20
0
0 240 480 720 960 1200 1440 1680 1920 2160
Figure 1.1-4 Liquid fuel flow values Time [sec]
The operating data in the Fig. above are from a unit 9001E operated with HSD (diesel) fuel,
inlet temp. 10°C and water injection enabled.
Flow Calculation
The following factors are used in the flow calculation.
The liquid fuel flow signal, measured by the flow divider, is FQL1, scaled in %.
HSD fuel flow: FQLM1 = FQL1 * 0.120 kg/s% FQLM1 in kg/s, const KFQLM1.
The diagram above shows the following operating data (HSD fuel):
At Base Load: FQL1 = 9.04kg/s At Peak Load: FQL1 = 9.78 kg/s

DWATT = 131.6MW DWATT = 142.6 MW
FSR = 73.5% FSR = 81.5%

1.2 DLN Control Display
The DLN1 Control display shows the DLN fuel schematic, two command targets and operation data boxes.
Figure 1.2-1 DLN Control Display
DLN Schematic

Gas Fuel Shows the gas fuel supply path:
SRV (valve) Speed Ratio Valve (closed / controlling, LSRV_NCLSD) FSG (in %)
(Pressure P2) Intermediate pressure P2 (transducer 96FG-2A, -2B, 2C) FPG2
GCV (valve) Gas Control Valve (closed / controlling, LGCV_NCLSD) FSGR (in %)
GSV Gas Splitter Valve (closed / controlling, LGCV_NCLSD)
Primary Primary flow signal FSRGS
Feedback: Position signal from the LVDT transducers
GTV Gas Ttransfer Valve (closed / controlling, LGCV_NCLSD)
Secondary Secondary flow signal 100-FSRGS
Transfer Transfer flow signal 100-FSRGS

DLN Control Display
Combustion Data
Signal Description
TTXSPL Allowable exhaust temperature spread limit
TTXSP1 Maximum exhaust temp. spread value
TTXSP2 Second maximum exhaust temp. spread value
TTXSP3 Third maximum exhaust temp. spread value
TTXM Average exhaust temperature
TTRXB Reference exhaust temp. spread value
Flame Intensity
Signal Intensity signal Description

L28FDA FD_INTENS_1 Primary flame signal, Ch. 14
L28FDB FD_INTENS_2 Primary flame signal, Ch. 3
L28FDC FD_INTENS_3 Primary flame signal, Ch. 1
L28FDD FD_INTENS_4 Primary flame signal, Ch. 2
L28FDE FD_INTENS_5 Secondary flame signal, Ch. 14
L28FDF FD_INTENS_6 Secondary flame signal, Ch. 3
L28FDG FD_INTENS_7 Secondary flame signal, Ch. 1
L28FDH FD_INTENS_8 Secondary flame signal, Ch. 2
DLN Mode and Command targets
DLN Mode ################# DLN Mode (DLN_MODE_GAS, ENM17)

Shows the actual DLN mode status:
PRIMARY MODE, LEAN-LEAN POS MODE,
SEC X_FER MODE, PREMIX X_FER MODE,
PREMIX STEADY STATE,
EXTENDED L-L MODE, LEAN-LEAN NEG MODE,
SEC LOAD RECOVERY
Lean-Lean Base (L83LLEXT)

Lean-Lean
Base Activates / Deactivates the "Extended Lean-Lean" mode.
The unit can be loaded up to base load without transfer
On
to premix mode.
Off Note: This operation mode has high NOx values
which is indicated by an alarm (Alm 321).
CPB-Signals: L43LLBON_CPB, L43LLBOF_CPB
Feedback: L83LLBM = 1, L83LLBM = 0
Bleed Heat Bleed Heat Control (L83BHEN)
Control Activates / Deactivates the compressor bleed heat
On control function (see next pages for details).
Note: For mainly base load operation this control
Off
function can be set to Off.
CPB-Signals: L43BHBON_CPB, L43BHOF_CPB
Feedback: L83BHEN = 1, L83BHEN = 0

DLN Control Display
1.2.1 Gas Fuel System
Figure 1.2.1-1 DLN Fuel System
SRV and GCV

The Stop/Speed Ratio valve (SRV) and the Gas Control Valve (GCV) work in conjunction to regulate
the total fuel flow delivered to the gas turbine. The GCV controls the desired fuel flow in response to a
control system fuel command, Fuel Stroke Reference (FSR). The fuel flow is made predictable (linear)
by maintaining a predetermined pressure, P2, upstream of the GCV. The GCV upstream pressure, P2,
is controlled by modulating the SRV based on turbine speed as a percentage of full speed, TNH, and
feedback from the P2 pressure transducers, 96FG-2A, -2B, -2C.
The plugs in the GCV’s are contoured to provide the proper flow area in relation to valve stroke. The
GCV’s use a skirted valve plug and venturi seat to obtain adequate pressure recovery. High pressure
recovery occurs at valve pressure ratios substantially less than the critical pressure ratio. The result is
that the flow through the GCV is independent of the pressure drop across the valves and is a function
of valve inlet pressure, P2, temperature and valve area only.
The position of the control valve is intended to be proportional to FSR2, which represents called-for
fuel - required by the control system to maintain either speed orload. Dual redundant Linear Variable
Differential Transformers (LVDT’s, 96GC-1, -2) are used for control valve position sensing.
The pressure reference FPRGOUT for FPG2 is calculated with the following equation:
FPRGOUT = TNH * FPKGNG + FPKGNO FPKGNG: Gain factor

FPKGNO: offset

DLN Control Display
Gas Fuel System (cont´d)
GSV
The gas fuel splitter valve GSV receives the total fuel flow regulated by the gas control valve and
divides it between the primary and secondary fuel paths. The valve/actuator assembly produces
approximately an equal percentage flow from each of the flow ports. The gas fuel splitter valve
assembly is a threeway valve actuated by a hydraulic cylinder. The split between the fuel circuits is
determined by a control algorithm in the SPEEDTRONIC software. Dual redundant Linear Variable
Differential Transformers (LVDT’s, 96GS-1, -2) are used for splitter valve position sensing.
Figure 1.2.1-2 GSV control block diagram
GTV
The gas fuel transfer valve GTV receives the fuel flow from the secondary side of the gas splitter valve
and divides it between the secondary and transfer fuel paths. The valve/actuator assembly produces
approximately an equal percentage flow from each of the flow ports. The gas fuel transfer valve
assembly is a threeway valve actuated by a hydraulic cylinder. The split between the fuel circuits is
determined by a control algorithm in the SPEEDTRONIC software. Dual redundant Linear Variable
Differential Transformers (LVDT’s, 96GD-1, -2) are used for transfer valve position sensing.
Figure 1.2.1-3 GTV control block diagram

DLN Control Display
LVDT
Dual LVDTs are required to monitor the valve and actuator position. The LVDTs will be provided with a
nominal excitation signal of 7.0 Vrms at 3.2 kHz frequency. At the valve full closed (0% stroke)
position, the LVDTs provide a valve actuator position signal of 0.70 ± 0.10 Vrms. At the valve full open
(100% stroke) position, the LVDTs output position signal is 3.50 ± 0.50 Vrms. The LVDT signal
between the full closed and full open valve positions will be linear within 1%. The maximum allowable
LVDT signal temperature drift is 2.0 %/100°F.
SERVO Valve
A two-stage, triple redundant coil, nozzle flapper type servovalve will be used to control the flow of
fluid to the hydraulic cylinder.
The servo valve will be flow rated in the range from 1.0 to 10.0 GPM with 1000 PSI pressure drop from
the supply port to the drain port. The full flow rating will be achieved given a ±8.0 mA command signal
to the servovalve. The servovalve will feature three independent torque motor coils designed such that
the commands of any two of the three coils is sufficient to override the third coil. The servovalve will
have a second stage spool that is spring biased to supply 10% of rated hydraulic flow to the port that
would tend to close the valve and actuator assembly. On loss of electrical command signal to the
servovalve coils, the servovalve will default to a condition that will close the gas fuel control valve, or
divert all flow of the process fluid to the left port of the three-way valve.
Gas Control Valve parameter

The following table shows all control reference values.
Item Description Signal

SRV Speed Ratio Valve
Reference FPRG
Reference for servo FPRGOUT
Feedback (pressure) FPG2
Feedback (position) FSGR
Servo current FAGR
GCV Gas Control Valve
Reference FSR2
Reference for servo FSROUT
Feedback (pos.) FSG
Servo current FAG
GSV Gas Splitter Valve
Reference FSRXX
Reference for servo FSRXSOUT
Feedback (pos.) FSRGS
Servo current FSRGS_A
GTV Gas Transfer Valve
Reference FSRXTL
Reference for servo FSRXTOUT
Feedback (pos.) FSRGT
Servo current FSRGT_A

DLN Control Display
Air Purge System
Primary Gas Fuel Purge Valves VA13-1, VA13-2
The main function of the air operated Primary Gas Fuel Purge Valves is to control the admittance of
purge air flow to the primary fuel gas nozzles. During all modes of liquid fuel operation the primary
fuel gas nozzles require purge to prevent the backflow of liquids into the primary fuel gas piping.
Purge is initiated by the opening of both purge valves. This is accomplished automatically by the
control system during unit start-on oil or during a gas to oil transfer.
FG16
Vent FG13 Vent
PC PC
SECONDARY FUEL
VPR54- 20PG- GAS MANIFOLD
2 1
S VGD-
1
20PG- GAS TRANSFER

2 VALVE
S
dP
20PG-
3
S
TEMPORARY
WITCH HAT STRAINER
20PG-
4
S
20VG- 20VG-
3 2
TRANSFER FUEL
S GAS MANIFOLD
S
33PG- 33PG- 33PG- 33PG-
7 5 3 1
VA13-
VA13-
33PG- VA13- 1
VA13- 33PG- 33PG- 2 33PG-
4 8 3 6 2
4
dP
63PG- 63PG-
2 1 VGS-
1
FROM COMPRESSOR TEMPORARY
DISCHARGE WITCH HAT STRAINER
FROM FUEL
GAS CONTROL
VALVE
PRIMARY GAS
FUEL SPLITTER PRIMARY FUEL
GAS FUEL MODULE VALVE GAS MANIFOLD
Figure 1.2.1-4 Air Purge System
Transfer Gas Fuel Purge Valves VA13-3, VA13-4
The main function of the air operated Transfer Gas Fuel Purge Valves is to control the admittance of
purge air flow to the transfer fuel gas nozzles. During liquid fuel operation and during gas fuel
operation, with the exception of pre-mix transfer mode, the transfer fuel gas nozzles are purged.
This purging prevents liquids from backflowing and entering the transfer gas piping during liquid fuel
operation and cools the transfer nozzle tips during liquid and gas fuel operation. The Transfer Gas
Fuel Purge Valves are open and purge air is present during unit start on oil or natural gas.
During pre-mix transfer the valves are closed and purge air is isolated from the transfer nozzles.
This is performed automatically by the control system during unit start-up and gas mode transfers.
Transfer Gas Fuel Purge Vent Valve - 20VG-3
The transfer vent valve remains closed during all gas fuel operating modes, with the exception of
premix transfer mode. During premix transfer the vent valve opens, as transfer gas is initiated to the
transfer nozzles. The vent valve closes again when the combustion system achieves a premix steady
state mode and purge air is introduced again to the transfer nozzles. This valve is normally closed
(energize to open).

DLN Control Display
1.2.2 DLN Operation Modes
The Figure below represents typical operation sequences, from firing to full load fuel flow staging
associated with DLN-1 operation. The primary controlling parameter for fuel staging is the calculated
combustion reference temperature TTRF1.
The fuel flow split between the DLN-1 combustion chamber fuel nozzles and the location of the flame
is regulated as a function of TTRF1. Other DLN-1 operation influencing parameters available to the
operator are the selection of IGV temperature control "on" or "off", and the selection of inlet bleed heat
"on" or "off".
To achieve maximum exhaust temperature as well as an expanded load range for optimal emission,
IGV temperature control should be selected "ON", and inlet bleed heat should be selected "ON".
Figure 1.2.2-1 DLN Operation Modes
Reference temperature TTRF1

The combustion reference temperature signal, TTRF1, is generated by a calculation in the DLN-1
control software. This calculated temperature represents a reference for combustor mode sequencing
and fuel split scheduling, but not unit load control. It should be noted that TTRF1 is not a true
indication of actual machine firing temperature, only a reference for DLN-1 mode transition
sequencing.
TTRF1 = f { TTXM, CTDA, TPR, WQJ, Const }
Flame Detection
Reliable detection of the flame location in the DLN-1 system is critical to the control of the combustion
process and to the protection of the gas turbine hardware. Four flame detectors (Reuter-Stockes) in
combustion chambers 1, 2, 3 and 14 are mounted to detect primary zone flames. Also, four flame
detectors in the same combustion chambers are dedicated to detect the presence of secondary
flames. The signals from these flame detectors are processed in the <P> hardware and in the control
logic of <RST>. The signals are used for various control and protection functions including the DLN
combustion mode determination.

DLN Control Display
DLN Operation Modes (cont´d)
Figure 1.2.2-2 DLN Gas Fuel Split Valve Schedule

DLN Control Display

On DLN 1 units, fuel is split between two different zones of the combustor, primary and secondary.
The fuel split is a function of combustion reference temperature TTRF1 and is scheduled to obtain
optimum NOx and CO emissions.
There are seven basic operation modes for DLN 1 gas fuel systems:
Primary Mode - A mode where the fuel splitter valve is set to 100 % position or full primary,
and all the fuel is entering the primary nozzles with combustion occurring in the primary
combustion zone. This mode is typically from ignition through 815°C (1500°F), combustion
reference temperature.
Lean-lean Mode - In this mode the fuel splitter valve has moved to an intermediate position,
passing fuel into both the primary and secondary combustion zones, with combustion
occurring in both zones. The split can vary from 50-70% primary. Lean-lean is an
intermediate mode between primary and secondary transfer mode and typically is from 815°C
(1500°F) to 1010°C (1850°F) combustion reference temperature.
Secondary Transfer Mode - In this mode the splitter valve moves to full secondary, and the
transfer valve begins to open, thus passing all fuel into the secondary combustion zone, via
the secondary and transfer fuel nozzles. The primary zone flames out due to lack of fuel, and
all combustion occurs in the secondary zone. This mode follows lean-lean mode prior to
premix and typically occurs at 1010°C (1850°F).
Premix Transfer Mode - In this mode the fuel splitter valve reference integrates from 0%
primary up to the premix destination split, typically near 80%, primary. This is a transitionary
mode between secondary transfer and premix steady state and is characterized by the
transfer valve begining to close. Fuel is being admitted into the primary and secondary
combustion zone through the primary, secondary and transfer fuel nozzles, with combustion
occurring only in the secondary zone.
Premix Steady State - This is the optimal mode of operation for a DLN 1 turbine with the
lowest NOx and CO obtainable. In this mode fuel is entering both the primary and secondary
zones through the primary and secondary fuel nozzles, with combustion occurring only in the
secondary zone. The transfer valve is fully closed and no fuel is entering through the transfer
fuel nozzles. Approximately 80% (to max FXKTSP2), of the fuel is “premixing” in the primary
zone before combustion occurs in the secondary combustion zone downstream of the venturi.
This mode is active after premix transfer through base load and picks up near 1040°C
(1900°F) combustion reference temperature.
Extended lean-lean - This mode is active when flame is present in both primary and
secondary zones and the combustion reference temperature is above the setpoint for
secondary transfer. In this mode NOx and CO emissions are not in compliance unless water
or steam abatement is used. This mode typically occurs when flame is reestablished in the
primary zone, such as during fuel transfers, combustion problems, or not successfully
transfering into premix steady state mode. This mode can also be operator selected when
premix mode is not desirable due to other NOx abatement methods or power augmentation
from water or steam injection. If Lean-Lean Base is selected during premix operation the
igniters will be enabled to establish flame in the primary zone.
DLN Load Rejection Recovery - This mode is active in the event of a sudden cut back in fuel
command (FSR), such as breaker open when in premix transfer or premix steady state mode.
This mode moves the splitter valve to an intermediate position until primary flame is detected,
then fully transitions to primary mode, as would be called for by the combustion reference
temperature. Recovery mode is necessary to reestablish flame in the primary zone before
completely transitioning fuel flow to primary only.

DLN Control Display

LOADING SEQUENCE
1. Ignition to TTRF1 = FXKTL1 ! 899°C (1650°F) Primary Mode
At TTRF1 = FXKTL1 transfer from Primary
to LEAN-LEAN. (VGS-3 is ramped to Lean-Lean Split)
2. TTRF1 = FXKTL1 ! TTRF1 = FXKTS1 899°C ! 1054°C Lean-Lean Mode
3. TTRF1 = FXKTS1 to FSRGS = 0% & L28FPD=0
At TTRF1 = FXKTS1 to FXKTL2 1054°C ! 1077°C Secondary Transfer
transfer from LEAN-LEAN to PREMIX.
a. Start to ramp VGD-1 open to receive FXKXT1 (65%) of total flow
b. Once VGD-1 is open 5% - start to ramp VGS-3 to 0%
4. FSRGS = 0% & L28FPD = 0 to TTRF1 = FXKTL2 ! 1090°C Premix Transfer
a. Once GSV-3 is at 0% and Primary flame logic is false (L28FPD=0)
start 5 second timer
b. After 5 seconds, start to ramp VGS-3 to Premix set point (FXKSP1, 81%)
c. Start to ramp VGD-1 CLOSED once VGS-3 reaches Premix setpoint
d. Put VGS-3 on Premix Split Schedule
5. TTRF1 = FXKTL2 to BASE load TTRF1 1090°C ! Premix Steady State
UNLOADING SEQUENCE
1. BASE Load to TTRF1 = (FXKTL2-FXKTL2DB) 1076°C " Premix Steady State
At TTRF1 = (FXKTL2-FXKTL2DB) the mode of operation
transfers from PREMIX to LEAN-LEAN.
a. TTRF1 = (FXKTL2-FXKTL2DB) 1076°C Xfer to Lean-Lean
b. Energize Spark Plugs
c. Ramp VGS-3 to Lean-Lean Split when Primary Flame is indicated
2. TTRF1 = (FXKTL2-FXKTL2DB) to
TTRF1 = (FXKTL1-FXKTL1DB) 885°C " 1076°C Lean-Lean Mode
At TTRF1 = (FXKTL1-FXKTL1DB) transfer
from LEAN-LEAN to PRIMARY.
a. TTRF1 = (FXKTL1-FXKTL1DB) 885°C (1625°F) Xfer to Primary
b. Ramp VGS-3 to 100%
3. Below TTRF1 = (FXKTL1-FXKTL1DB) " 885°C Primary Mode
EXTENDED LEAN-LEAN OPERATION

LOADING SEQUENCE
1. Ignition to TTRF1 = FXKTL1 ! 899°C (1650°F) Primary Mode
2. TTRF1 = FXKTL1 to TTRF1 = FXKTS1 899°C ! 1054°C Lean-Lean Mode
3. TTRF1 = FXKTS1 to BASE load TTRF1 1054°C ! Extended Lean-Lean
UNLOADING SEQUENCE
1. BASE Load to TTRF1 = (FXKTL2-FXKTL2DB) 1076°C " Extended Lean-Lean
2. TTRF1 = (FXKTL2-FXKTL2DB) to
TTRF1 = (FXKTL1-FXKTL1DB) 885°C " 1076°C Lean-Lean Mode
3. Below TTRF1 = (FXKTL1-FXKTL1DB) " 885°C Primary Mode
LOAD REJECTION
System operation must survive a load rejection from any load, any mode,
any fuel type, and speed TNH not above 110%.
1. PRIMARY MODE - Breaker OPEN move to FSNL.
2. LEAN-LEAN MODE - Breaker OPEN select Primary mode to FSNL.
3. PREMIX MODE - Breaker OPEN select Lean-Lean to TTRF1=FXKTL2-FXKTL2DB (1076°C)
and then transfer to Primary mode.

DLN Control Display
1.2.3 Inlet Bleed Heat
g INLET BLEED HEAT SYSTEM Power Generation Engineering
INSTRUMENT AIR (“F” CLASS UNITS)

INSTRUMENT AIR OR CPD (“E” CLASS UNITS)
20TH-1
65EP-3
96TH-1
CT-BD-1,2,3 96BH-2 96BH-1
PC PC
VA20-1 90TH-4 33TH-4

Control Valve
M
AT-ID-1,2,3 PC PC
N.O. FOR “F” CLASS UNITS
N.C. FOR “E” CLASS UNITS
VA30-1
Inlet Bleed Heat MOV Drain
Manifold Valve
PC
VM15-1 33TH-3
Manual Isolation
Valve
PC
Compressor
Inlet Discharge
Inlet Air PC Extraction
Trash
Filter House Inlet Manifold
Screen
Silencer
Turbine
CT-IF-1A,2A,3A Exhaust
20TH-1 - Control Valve Trip Solenoid

33TH-3 - Manual Isolation Valve Open Limit Switch
33TH-4 - Drain Valve Closed Limit Switch
65EP-3 - Control Valve Electropneumatic Positioner IGVs COMPRESSOR TURBINE
90TH-4 - Drain Valve Motor Operator
96BH-1 - Control Valve Inlet Pressure Transducer
96BH-2 - Control Valve Outlet Pressure Transducer
96TH-1 - Control Valve Position Transducer
AT-ID-1,2,3 - Ambient Air Thermocouples
CT-BD-1,2,3 - Inlet Bleed Heat Flow Thermocouples
CT-IF-1A,2A,3A - Compressor Inlet Thermocouples
Figure 1.2.3-1 Inlet Bleed Heat System
Inlet Bleed Heat Arrangement

Inlet bleed heat systems are comprised of a control valve (VA20-1), a manual isolation valve
(VM15-1), a drain valve (VA30-1), three thermocouples (CT-BD-1, 2, 3) mounted downstream
of the control valve, control valve inlet and outlet pressure transducers (96BH-1, 2), an inlet flow
distribution manifold, a compressor discharge manifold and associated piping.
A 4-20 mA pneumatic actuator (65EP-3) is utilized to control the VA20-1 valve position. A VA20-1
position feedback signal generated from a 4-20 mA transducer is used by the control valve position
fault detection software. The actuator also may include a mechanical position limit stop used to set
100% position command to the proper stroke in terms of inches of travel.
The VA20-1 control valve also features a 20TH-1 trip solenoid valve used to exhaust air from the
actuator and move the VA20-1 control valve to its fail safe position. The 20TH-1 trip solenoid valve is
controlled by software that is designed to detect positioning faults and irregular VA20-1 operation.
This trip solenoid is typically a 125 Vdc type solenoid that requires power to operate the VA20-1
control valve.
The VA20-1 valve is designed to be a normally closed control valve. On loss of pneumatic air supply,
loss of the 4-20 mA command signal, or on loss of the 20TH-1 dc voltage signal, the VA20-1 control
valve on these applications is defaulted to the closed position by a fail-safe spring contained in the
actuator design. The Speedtronic control software will detect this VA20-1 failure closed and reset the
minimum allowed inlet guide vane angle to an appropriate position for unit operation with the inlet
bleed heat system shutdown.

DLN Control Display
Inlet Bleed Heat (cont´d)
IGV and Inlet Bleed Heat

Operation of the gas turbine with reduced minimum IGV settings can be used to extend the Premix
operating region from 75%-Base load to 50%-Base load. Reducing the minimum IGV angle allows the
combustor to operated at a firing temperature high enough to support premix operation.
Inlet bleed heating, IBH, through the use of recirculated compressor discharge airflow, is necessary
when operating with reduced IGV angles. Inlet heating protects the compressor from stall by relieving
the discharge pressure and by increasing the inlet air stream temperature.
The inlet bleed heat system regulates compressor discharge bleed flow through a control valve and
into a manifold located in the compressor inlet air stream. The control valve varies the inlet heating air
flow as a function of IGV angle. At minimum IGV angles the inlet bleed flow is controlled to a maximum
of 5.0% of the total compressor discharge flow. As the IGV's are opened at higher loads, the inlet
bleed flow will proportionally decrease until shut off.
The IBH control valve is monitored for its ability to track the command setpoint. If the valve command
setpoint differs from the actual valve position by a prescribed amount for a period of time, an alarm will
annunciate to warn the operator. If the condition persist for an extended amount of time, the inlet bleed
heat system will be tripped and the IGV's minimum reference will be raised to the default value.
The IBH system monitors the temperature rise in the compressor inlet airflow. This temperature rise
serves as an indication of bleed flow. Failure to detect a sufficient temperature rise in a set amount of
time will cause the inlet bleed heat system to be tripped and an alarm annunciated.
The following figure shows the compressor bleed heat control value as a function of the IGV angle.
The maximum airflow for the bleed heat is 5% of the compressor air flow.
5
Compr.
Bleed
Heat 4
[%]
3
0
45 48 51 54 57 60 63 66
IGV Angle [DGA]
Figure 1.2.3-2 IGV Angle and Bleed Heating

DLN Control Display
Inlet Bleed Heat for DLN Premix Turndown
Dry Low Nox (DLN) combustion systems operate in a mode called Premix Mode where fuel and air
are mixed prior to burning. On GE DLN I and DLN II gas turbine systems, Premix Mode is designed
to occur at a fairly constant firing temperature with modulated compressor airflow during unit
operation on exhaust temperature control. With normal minimum inlet guide vane (IGV) angles
Premix Mode operation on exhaust temperature control occurs after approximately 70% load. By
lowering the allowable minimum IGV angle, exhaust temperature control operation and Premix Mode
can be extended to lower loads down to approximately 40-50% load.
Lowering the minimum IGV angle to extend Premix Mode to lower loads has consequences with
respect to the gas turbine compressor surge margins. Also, the reduced IGV angles cause a higher
pressure drop and a resultant temperature depression of the air flow. This effect could lead to ice
formation on the first stage stator blades under certain ambient conditions.
To address compressor design concerns when Premix Mode is extended by lowering IGV minimum
angles, up to 5% compressor discharge air is extracted from the compressor and re-circulated to a
mixing manifold located in the inlet air stream. Bleeding the compressor and re-circulating the
compressor discharge air to the inlet airstream increases the compressor surge/stall margins and
prevents conditions necessary for the formation of ice on the first stage stator blades. The amount
of inlet bleed heat in terms of percent compressor airflow is scheduled as a function of IGV angle.
Inlet Bleed Heat Compressor Operating Limit Protection
The inlet bleed heat system for compressor operating limit protection maintains a safe operating margin
on the compressor by extracting compressor discharge to limit the unit compressor pressure ratio.
GE gas turbine compressors are designed to operate below a compressor pressure ratio limit that is
a function of inlet guide vane angle (IGV) and temperature corrected rotor speed (TNHCOR).
Combinations of factors such as extreme cold ambient temperatures, low IGV angles, high firing
temperature, low BTU gas fuel composition and high combustor diluent injection can cause the
compressor pressure ratio to exceed the design limit. Traditionally, in range of expected ambient
temperatures, the GE gas turbine compressors will run with pressure ratios below the design limit for
all operating points.
However, with the introduction of the high performance FA units, which operate at elevated pressure
ratios, and with the numerous performance upgrades to other frame size engines, the need has
arisen to implement an active control scheme for limiting the compressor pressure ratio within design
limits.
The compressor pressure ratio is calculated from inlet and discharge pressure transducers
measurements and used as a feedback signal. The inlet guide vanes are modulated to maintain a
safe compressor operating margin by a proportional plus integral controller that utilizes the
compressor operating limit map and the measure compressor pressure ratio feedback.
Another proportional plus integral controller that modulates gas turbine fuel flow serves as a backup
to the inlet guide vane controller. This backup controller is offset from the inlet guide vane response
and is intended to protect the unit in the event of a failure in the primary control.
This protection software is designed to integrate with the inlet bleed heat system if supplied.
In this case the inlet bleed heat system would be controlled to bleed the compressor as the primary
protection. The inlet guide vane and fuel flow control responses would both serve as backup
routines.

DLN Control Display
Inlet Bleed System block diagram
TNHCOR
CTIM Anti-Icing
Inlet Bleed
ITDP CSRAIX2
Heat Control MAX CSRAI
ATID MAX
Select CSRIH Servo Output CSRIHOUT
CSRIHOUT
Select Block
GSADJ
CSRIH_MAN Manual CSRAI_MAN
Setpoint
CSRIHOUT Inlet Bleed Heat

CQBH
CPBH1
Mass Flow CQBH
DLN Premix WEXH DLN Premix Calculation
CSRGV Turndown Turndown CSRDLN
CPBH2
Inlet CSRBH Inlet CTBD

Bleed Heat Bleed Heat
Scehdule CSRIHOUT Flow Control
CSBHX L3BF1,2
CSRIHOUT Inlet Bleed Heat L20TH1X

System Fault
CPBH1 LCPBH1_FLT
TNHCOR Compressor CPR CSRPRX Functions
CSRGV Operating Compressor CPBH2 LCPBH2_FLT
CPRLIM
Limit Operating FSRCPR L33TH3O L33TH3_FLT
Reference CSRIHOUT Limit

Protection TTRXGVB
L33TH4C
Inlet Bleed Heat Drain
L14HS Valve Sequencing L90TH4O
L14HR
Figure 1.2.3-3 Inlet Bleed Heat block diagram
Note: For Taweelah the anti-icing inlet bleed heat control function is not installed.
The first input of the CSRIH MAX select gate is set to min.
The data listed in the following tables show the bleed heat values at different IGV angle conditions.
Amb. IGV Percent Compressor Compressor

MS9001E Temp Angle Compressor Discharge Discharge
°C DGA Extraction Pressure Temp.
bara °C
45 5% 8.0 317
15 60 1% 10.9 333
48 4% 12.0 366
49 60 1% 9.5 366

DLN Control Display
1.2.4 Liquid Fuel System
Figure 1.2.4-1 DLN Liquid Fuel System
The liquid fuel system in the figure above is composed of the liquid fuel stop valve, main fuel pump,
control valve, fuel filter, flow divider, and the liquid fuel secondary isolation valve. The fuel pump and
control valve work in conjunction with the flow divider to supply each combustion chamber with the
required fuel flow.
Liquid fuel can be supplied to a set of liquid fuel nozzles in the primary zone and a nozzle in the
secondary zone of the DLN-1 combustor. The liquid fuel is staged with an on/off type valve that is
used to divert a fixed percentage of the total fuel flow down the secondary zone flow path. Typically,
an orifice in the liquid fuel piping is sized to govern this fixed percentage split through pressure flow
division. The DLN-1 liquid fuel operation requires diluent injection to meet emissions requirements.

DLN Control Display
Liquid Fuel System (cont´d)
Figure 1.2.4-2 Liquid Fuel Lean-Lean Operation
Liquid Fuel Operation Modes

Distillate fuel mode is diffusion burning only and requires wet NOx abatement in the form of water or
steam to meet emission requirements. The primary difference between distillate fuel, DLN, and the
standard combustion is that the DLN combustor employs two (2) combustion zones and modes.
Primary Mode - All fuel is entering the primary fuel nozzles and combustion is occurring only in the
primary zone. This mode is active from ignition through approximately 815°C (1500°F, QXKTL1)
combustion reference temperature.
Lean-Lean Mode - In this mode, the stop valve - located in the secondary flow line - will open and
allow some percentage of the fuel to pass to the secondary fuel nozzles. Combustion is occurring in
both the primary and secondary combustion zones. Fixed size orifices in the secondary fuel lines
control fuel split and nozzle effective areas and is not adjustable with the control system.
This mode is typically active from primary mode to Base or Peak Load (dropout point is at
TTRF < QXKTL1 - deadband).
Wet Nox Abatement is permitted only in liquid lean-lean operation. The design standard on water or
steam injection will cover the enabling point for injection, which is approximately 20% load (normal
customer requirement to meet NOx).

DLN Control Display
Liquid Purge System
Figure 1.2.4-3 Liquid Fuel Purge
Schematic

20PL-1, -2 Liquid fuel system purge solenoid valves prim/sec L20PL1X, 2X
20WP-1, -2 Water injection system purge solenoid valves L20WP1X, 2X
33PL-1, -2 Limit switches of purge valves VA19-1 and -2 L33PL1O, 2O
96PLP Pressure transmitter, purge liq. prim. system (0-5bar) PLPDPL
96PLS Pressure transmitter, purge liq. sec. system (0-5bar) PLSDPL
96WP Pressure transmitter, water inj. line purge system (0-5bar) -

DLN Control Display
Transfer Liquid to Gas
Figure 1.2.4-4 Transfer to gas fuel
Mark V Signal Description

FSR1 Fuel Stroke Reference value for liquid fuel (in %)
FSR2 Fuel Stroke Reference value for gas fuel (in %)
FSRXSR Gas Splitter Valve command (in % split)
L83FG Gas Control Valves (closed / controlling condition)
L84TG The fuel splitter (FSR1V1) is set to "Totally Gas"
L84TL The fuel splitter (FSR1V1) is set to "Totally Liquid"
L3FGTC Signal "Close gas transfer purge valve"
L20FK Control signal for Liquid fuel lean-lean mode solenoid (20FK-1)
With the unit in lean-lean mode distillate, selecting gas fuel will initiate a fuel transfer. Prefil begins
when logic L83FG picks up at selection of gas fuel. When the prefil timer, K83FGZ, has expired the
liquid fuel control valve will begin to ramp to a position of less fuel flow as the gas control valve ramps
open, until the liquid fuel flow is zero and the unit is on 100% gas fuel. The liquid fuel shear valve will
remain open until the unit is on 100% gas (L84TG). Permissive to ramp the gas fuel splitter valve
occurs at the end of gas prefil, when L84TL goes low. Natural gas prefill FSR and timer, FXK3 and
K83FGZ, settings should be field adjusted at the site to ensure a smooth transfer.
Mix fuel operation is not allowed on DLN 1.

DLN Control Display
Transfer Gas to Liquid
Figure 1.2.4-5 Transfer to liquid fuel
If the unit is in premix steady state(L83FXP2), gas fuel, selecting distillate fuel will initiate a fuel
transfer. First the ignition system is activated (L2TVX1) to reestablish primary flame, this transitions
from premix steady state to lean-lean mode (L83FXL1). With the unit in primary or lean-lean gas fuel,
L83FL begins the fuel transfer with a liquid prefil time of K83FLZ. When the prefil is complete, if
TTRF1 is above the liquid lean-lean mode transfer point (L26LXL1), the shear/isolation valve will open
(L20FK). During the fuel transfer the shear/isolation valve remains open. When the fuel transfer is
complete and the unit is 100% distillate fuel (L84TL), the gas splitter valve logic (L94FXP) goes high
causing the splitter valve permissive (L94FXP1) to go low and the splitter valve to go to 100% primary.
Liquid Fuel prefill FSR and timer, FXK2 and K83FLZ, settings should be field adjusted at the site to
ensure a smooth transfer.
Mix fuel operation is not allowed on DLN 1 units.

DLN Control Display
1.2.5 Water Injection
The following diagram shows the water flow reference value WQR2
as a function of the fuel flow FQMT.
Water
Reference
WQR2
WQKn_M
st
1 control curve
nd
2 control curve
WQK1_K
WQK3_K
WQK0_K
WQKn_B
WQKn_N WQK2_K
WQKn_E LK83WK1 Fuel flow FQMT

LK83WK3
Gas fuel Index n=0 Index n=1
Liq. fuel Index n=2 Index n=3
Figure 1.2.5-1 Reference WQR2 as a function of FQMT
Note: For shutdown a fuel flow hysteresis (WQKR4, approx. 0.20kg/s) is installed.
Example: Unit 9001E at peak load and on distillate fuel.

DWATT 143 MW
CTIM 9.8 °C
FQLM 10.09 kg/s
WQR2 9.58 kg/s
WQ 9.7 kg/s

DLN Control Display
Water Injection (cont´d)
Function
Water Inj.
Control Water Injection ON / OFF selection.
On Enables or disables the water injection.
Control signal: L83WQ_CMD
Off
The minimum fuel flow FQMT for water injection is defined by constant WQKn_E:
Injection curve data
Index Condition LK83WKx Setting L83WKn min flow Note

0 Gas fuel FQMT<LK83WK1 0.0 kg/s L83WK0=1 WQK0_E not used
1 Gas fuel FQMT>LK83WK1 0.0 kg/s L83WK1=1 WQK1_E not used
2 Liq. fuel FQMT<LK83WK3 kg/s L83WK2=1 WQK2_E
3 Liq. fuel FQMT>LK83WK3 kg/s L83WK3=1 WQK3_E
Description Const. Index n=0 Index n=1 Index n=2 Index n=3 Scale
Group a) b) c) d)
Augmentation Correction WQKn_A 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 kg/kg
Gas/Liq. Fuel Flow Offset WQKn_B 3.082 3.082 4.309 3.629 kg/s
Enable Flow WQKn_E 2.548 2.748 3.266 2.948 kg/s
Fuel Scalar WQKn_G 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 kg/kg
Humidity Coefficient WQKn_H 17.95 17.95 17.95 17.95 /kg/k
Fuel Slope (Water/Fuel) WQKn_K 1.500 1.650 1.400 1.750 kg/kg
Max Flow Limit WQKn_M 8.206 8.206 8.845 10.206 kg/s
Min Flow Limit WQKn_N 0.907 0.907 0.907 0.907 kg/s
Amb Temp Coefficient WQKn_T 0.005 0.005 0.005 0.005 HUM/C
Note: The offset value WQKR3 is set to 0.091kg/s (WQR2=WQR1+WQKR3).

See the as built constant settings for correct information.
The constants in bold are from the project Kondapalli.

1.3 FSR Control Display
The FSR Control display shows a bar chart diagram with output values of all FSR control circuits.
The minimum value of all control circuits is used as the actual FSR value (left column), which is the
reference value for the fuel control servo circuit.
% FSR SU ACC SPD TEMP SD MAN %

100.00 100.00
80.00 80.00
60.00 60.00
40.00 40.00
20.00 20.00
0.00 0.00
0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
Figure 1.3-1 FSR Control
Item Control Signal Description

FSR FSR FSR Actual Fuel Stroke Reference value
SU Startup FSRSU FSR value from the startup control circuit
ACC Accelerate FSRACC FSR value from the acceleration controller
SPD Speed FSRN FSR value from the speed/load controller
TEMP Temperature FSRT FSR value from the temperature controller
SD Shutdown FSRSD FSR value from the shutdown controller
MAN Manual FSRMAN FSR value from the manual FSR controller
Indication
FSR Hi / Low (max./min.)
FSR Hi/Low Signal Type Setting/Function

##.# ## FSRMAX Constant typ. 100%
##.# ## FSRMIN Variable f {CTIM, Constants}

FSR Control Display (cont´d)
The FSR Control display can also be used to set FSRMAN to the actual FSR value
or to a manually entered value.
FSR Manual Control
Targets Functions
Gag Preset
FSR Manual By activating this arm/execute target the FSRMAN value is

Control directly set to the actual FSR value. This can be used to stabilize
Gag Preset FSR in case of instabilities due to failure conditions.
Manual SP Manual SP
This setpoint target can be used to set FSRMAN to a desired value.
###.# # The actual FSRMAN value will change to the new setpoint value
with a rate of 0.5%/sec (FSKRMAN1).
Actual FSRMAN value

Shows the actual value for FSRMAN.
The following alarm message appears when FSRMAN is reduced:
Drop Alarmtext Description

64 FSR GAG NOT AT MAX LIMIT FSRMAN has been reduced below FSRMAX.
Important:
Under normal operating conditions
FSRMAN should always be set to FSRMAX (usually 100%).

1.4 Gen/Exciter Control
The Control display Gen/Exciter allows to set and control the following operating conditions.
Operating Mode ################### Operating Mode Ready to Start, Starting,

Firing etc.
Governor Mode ISOCH DROOP
Signal: STATUS_FLD
Target Governor Mode
ISOCHRONOUS (Frequency Control)

ISOCH
Whith this target the unit can be set to the frequency (speed)
control mode. The reference value for the frequency is TNRI .
The following conditions allow this control mode:
- no stop condition
- generator circuit breaker 52G is closed
DROOP (Load Control)

DROOP
This target activates the generator load control mode. The generator
load is controlled by the speed/load reference value TNR.
Isochronous Speed Control is a form of governor control that is used when a gas turbine is applied on
an isolated system where its speed is not dictated by the system. In this governor mode, the speed
signal is compared with the speed reference signal and the error is fed through a proportional and
integral speed controller. This type of speed control will change the fuel stroke reference (FSR) as
necessary to balance the actual turbine speed signal with the speed reference signal in the speed
control algorithm. As long as a difference between signals exists, the isochronous speed control
algorithm will continue to increase or decrease FSR until there is no error signal. This is a fast acting
system which continuously adjusts FSR to hold turbine speed constant in spite of load changes. The
load demanded by the system will cause the governor to change FSR as a speed error exists, thus
power demand is developed by the needs of the system and cannot be controlled by the gas turbine
control.
The speed governor on a gas turbine can readily be switched to operate in isochronous control mode.
Isochronous control is typically selected by the operator on the Speedtronic turbine control panel
interface main control display. Activating isochronous control selects the isochronous speed reference
(100% speed) to maintain a constant speed regardless of the load demand. When a transfer from
isochronous to droop control is initiated, the droop setpoint tracking function allows for a bumpless
transfer to prevent load disturbances.
If multiple units are to be operated in parallel and isolated from the utility, some special considerations
must be observed.
1. Only one unit can be under isochronous speed control at a time. Otherwise, the separate integral
actions will interact, leading to load swings between all units in the isochronous mode.
2. The case of one unit under Isochronous speed control and another parallel unit under integral-type
Megawatt feedback control should be studied carefully, if it is intended. The integral actions may
interact, depending upon the individual reset rates, and result in undesirable oscillations in the
individual unit loads after a change in load demand.
3. It must be realized that at constant speed, all units operating under proportional-type speed/load
control will provide constant power output, and the machine under isochronous speed control will
adjust only its own load to match load swings. Therefore, the unit under isochronous speed control
must have the capability to handle all forseable load swings by itself. The load on those units under
only proportional speed/load control must be periodically adjusted by the operator based on the
actual load demand.

Gen/Exciter Control
Isochronous Setpoint (opt.)
Setpoint target for the setpoint for FREQUENCY CONTROL

ISOCH
In case ISOCH CONTROL ON is selected, this setpoint target
SETPNT
allows to vary the reference value TNRI for the turbine speed
from TNKRIMN (99.83%) to TNKRIMX (100.17%).
The actual setpoint value TNRI will follow the entered setpoint
command TNRI_CMD with a rate of 0.02%/sec (TNKRIR1).
Voltage and Speed/Load Control
Generator Generator Voltage:

Voltage Command Feedback
Raise Raise: L90R4R_CPB L83RV
Lower: L90R4L_CPB L83LV
Lower
Speed/Load Speed/Load Control:

Control Command Feedback
Raise Raise: L70R4R_CPB L70R
Lower: L70R4L_CPB L70L
Lower

Gen/Exciter Control
Notes:

1.5 IGV Control Display
The IGV Control display for the Inlet Guide Vane Control allows the following functions.
IGV Mode Control
IGV Mode Control Signals

Setpoint ##.# ### CSRGV
Reference ##.# ### CSRGVOUT
IGV Angle ##.# ### CSGV
Targets Functions
Auto Control mode

Whith this arm/execute target the IGV control system is set to automatic mode.
This is the normal operation mode for the IGV control.
IGV Mode The IGV angle CSGV will follow the reference value CSRGV.
Control
Manual Control mode
Auto Whith this arm/execute target the IGV control system is set to manual
mode. This mode is usually only used for maintenance purposes.
Manual But it can also be used for part load operating conditions, where
it is required to set the turbine exhaust temperature TTXM to a desired value
Setpoint independent of the generator load DWATT.
Setpoint Control mode

With this setpoint target the IGV angle setpoint CSRGV can be adjusted
manually, when the IGV MANUAL control mode is selected.
Control mode IGV Temp. control OFF

This arm/execute target deactivates the IGV exhaust temperature control mode
setting the unit to Simple Cycle Mode.
In this mode the IGV´s are opened to their maximum position CSKGVMAX when
IGV the exhaust temperature has reached a value of CSKGVSSR (371°C, 700°F)
Temp
during generator loading.
Control
One important use of this operation mode is for compressor On-Line washing. It
Off keeps the IGV open at reduced turbine load to permit the maximum water flow
for washing.
On
Control mode IGV Temp. control ON
This arm/execute target is used to activate the IGV exhaust
temperature control mode (Combined Cycle Mode). This mode
allows to maximize the turbine exhaust temperature TTXM at part load
conditions to increase the output of the waste heat boiler.
The exhaust temperature TTXM will be limited by the reference temperature
value TTRXGV at part load.

IGV Control Display (cont´d)
IGV Data boxes
Signal
IGV Reference Temperature ##### ## CSRGVX
IGV Angle Reference ##### ## CSRGV
Part Speed IGV Reference ##### ## CSRGVPS
IGV Full Open Position ##### ## CSKGVMAX
Simple Cycle IGV Ref ##### ## CSKGVSSR
IGV Temp Control Ref ##### ## TTRXGV
Corrected Speed ##### ## TNHCOR

Fuel Stroke Reference ##### # FSR
Temperature Control Ref ##### ## TTRX
Temp Control - Speed Biased ##### ## TTRXB
Inlet Heating Cntrl Valve Ref ##### ## CSBHX
Turbine Status ############### STATUS_FLD Ready to Start, Starting, Firing, ...

Turbine State ############ SELECT2 Starting, Stopped, Preselect, ...
Control Mode ######## SC43 OFF, Cooldown, Crank, Fire, Auto
Fuel Control ################ FSR_CONTROL Shutdown, Startup, Speed, ...
Fuel Selection ######### SC43F
IGV Control ################# MSG_FLD3 IGV Full Open, Temp Control, Manual
Speed Level ##################### SPEED_LVL 14HRZ, 14HT, 14HM, 14HA, 14HP, 14HS
Synch Control ############ SC43SYNC Synch Off, Manual Synch, Auto Synch
Flame Detect ############ FLAME #A #B #C #D #E #F #G #H

IGV Control at Startup
The following diagram shows the method for controlling the Inlet Guide Vane angle CSGV during unit
startup and acceleration to unit operating speed (bleed heat is off).
CSGV 60
[DGA]
50
40
30
20
10
0
76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87
Corrected Speed TNHCOR

Figure 1.5-1 Startup IGV Angle (91E Standard)
During the startup acceleration of the gas turbine compressor to operating speed, it is necessary to
open the inlet guide vanes as a function of temperature corrected speed TNHCOR to prevent stall at
low speeds typically in the front stages of the compressor. The Speedtronic controls utilize an algorithm
to open the inlet guide vanes from a minimum startup position CSKGVPS3 to a minimum operating
condition. The minimum operating position depends on the gas turbine layout and the mode of
operation (i.e. bleed heat function).
The algorithm increases inlet guide vane angle along a linear path as a function of corrected speed. The
equation for the corrected speed is
CQKTC _ RT
TNHCOR = TNH
(CTIM + 460)
where TNH is the turbine compressor rotor (high pressure shaft) speed, CTIM is the compressor
inlet temperature, and constant CQKTC_RT is the temperature correction basis. CQKTC_RT can be
a value of either 540°F for NEMA (ambient 80°F ) conditions or 519°F for ISO (ambient 15°C)
conditions. The temperature correction factor CNCF is defined as
CQKTC _ RT
CNCF =
( CTIM + 460)
Part Speed IGV Control Constant Values
Constant Units 51P 61B 91E 91EC 61FA 71FA 91FA

CQKTC_RT deg F 519.0 519.0 540.0 519.0 519.0 519.0 519.0
CSKGVPS1 % SPD 77.072 77.329 76.6 80.4 80.4 80.4 80.4
CSKGVPS2 DGA/% 7.326 6.785 6.76 5.27 5.27 5.27 5.27
CSKGVPS3 DGA 42.0 34.0 34.0 27.0 27.0 27.0 27.0
CSKGVMAX DGA 85.0 86.0 84.0 86.0 84.0 86.0 86.0
Note: Constants for the 91E in bold are for a DLN1 unit (see also next page).

IGV Temperature Correction Factor
The following diagram shows the temperature correction factor CNCF (TNHCOR/TNH) as a function
of the compressor inlet temperature CTIM (at ISO condition).
For NEMA conditions CNCF will be 1.0 for a CTIM of 80°F (26.7°C).
1,10
CNCF
1,08
1,06
1,04
1,02
1,00
0,98
0,96
0,94
0,92
-20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50
CTIM [deg C]
Figure 1.5-2 Factor TNHCOR/TNH
Minimum IGV Angle

The minimum Inlet Guide Vane (IGV) setpoint CSRGVMN3 is determined by the current operating
condition of the turbine.
1. DLN Bleed Heat for extended Premix range
2. Normal IGV angle if BLEED HEAT has failed or is manually disabled.
Each of theses functions have their own unique requirement for the minimum inlet guide vane angle.
The bleed heat system requires a minimum angle of CSKGVMN3 (42 DGA) for maximum turndown
(this value may be higher for some types of combustors). When the bleed heat system is not
functioning or disabled the minimum angle is to be ramped to CSKGVMN4 (57 DGA).
Default Constant Values
CSKGVMN3 42 DGA Min IGV Setpoint Bleed Heat

CSKGVMN4 57 DGA Normal Min Igv Angle
CSKRP 0.25 DGA/s Max Position Rate Of Change IGV Min Setpoint

1.6 Lube Oil Display
The Lube oil Control display shows the main devices of the oil supply system.
Figure 1.6-1 Lube Oil
Lube Oil System Instrumentation

88QA-1 Auxiliary Lube oil pump L52QA
88QE-1 Emergency Lube oil pump L72QEZ
88QV Lube oil mist separator fan L4QVZ1A
88HQ Auxiliary Hydraulic oil pump L52HQ
LT-OT-1 Lube oil tank temperature LTOT1

LT-OT-2 Lube oil tank temperature LTOT2
LTTH Lube oil header temperature LTTH
63QA-2 Lube oil press low before VPR-2, Aux. lube oil pump start L63QAL
96QA-2 Lube oil press transmitter before VPR-2, QAP2
63QT-2 Lube oil pressure low (Generator bearing 2) L63QT2A
96QT-2 Lube oil pressure transmitter (Generator bearing 2) QAP2
63QQ-1 Lube oil main filter diff pressure high L63QQ1H
63QQ-8 Lube oil filter for starting means diff pressure high L63QQ8H
71QH-1 Lube oil tank level high L71QH
71QL-1 Lube oil tank level low L71QL

1.7 Motors Control Display
The Control display Motors shows the following ventilation fans and pumps.
Fans: Turbine Compartment 88BT-1, -2
Load Compartment 88BT-1, -2
Pumps: Distillate Fuel Forwarding 88FD-1, -2
Cooling Water 88WC-1, -2
The lead/lag selection is equivalent to the meaning of "main/standby" or "first/second" selection.

It defines, which motor starts first when the run condition is set.
The motor in lag condition is automatically in standby when the lead motor is started.
All lead/lag selection functions are described on the following pages.

Motors Control Display
1.7.1 Turbine Compartment Vent Fans
LEAD/LAG Selection 88BT-1 / 88BT-2

The two Execute/Command targets allow to select one of the fans as leading.
Selection of Fan motor #1

Turbine Compartment
Arm/execute target to select motor #1 as lead.
Vent Fans
Signal: L43BT_CMD, LAG1BT
#1 Lead #2 Lead
Running Running Selection of Fan motor #2

Arm/execute target to select motor #2 as lead.
Fan Motor Indication MkV-Signal

88BT-n (OL for Overload) L51BTn = log. "1" for "OL"
Run or Stop L52BTn = log. "1" for "Running"
Stopped or Running L52BTn = log. "0" for "Stopped"
Index: n=1 or 2.
Operating conditions:
The run condition for the fan motor operation (L4BT) is set when:
→ The unit has been started (L1X)
Or
→ The Turbine speed is above minimum speed (L14HM)
Or
→ The wheelspace temperature (average) values are above 149 °C (LK69TWW)
(after shut down of the unit)
Or
→ The turbine is in the 1-hour period "flames off" after shutdown or trip (L4BTSTP).
The standby fan motor is started:

→ In case of a motor trouble (L30BT1, L30BT2)
Or
→ In case hazardous athmosphere is detected, both motors are started
independent on the run condition L4BT (gas alarm signal) .
The control signals for the two motors are L4BTZ1 and L4BT2.
Important:
In case of fire both fans are stopped.

1.7.2 Load Compartment Vent Fans
LEAD/LAG Selection 88VG-1 / 88VG-2

The two Execute/Command targets allow to select one of the fans as leading.

Load Compartment Arm/execute target to select motor #1 as lead.
Vent Fans Signal: L43VG_CMD, LAG1BT
#1 Lead #2 Lead
Running Running Arm/execute target to select motor #2 as lead.

88VG-n (OL for Overload) L51VGn = log. "1" for "OL"
Run or Stop L52VGn = log. "1" for "Running"
Stopped or Running L52VGn = log. "0" for "Stopped"
Index: n=1 or 2.
The run condition for the fan motor operation (L4VG) is set when:
→ Turbine flame signal is detected (signal L28FDX)
The standby fan motor is started:

→ In case of a motor trouble (L30VG1, L30BT2)
Or
→ In case hazardous athmosphere is detected, both motors are started
independent on the run condition L4VG (gas alarm signal)
The control signals for the two motors are L4VGZ1 and L4VGZ2.
Important:
In case of fire both fans are stopped.

1.7.3 Distillate Fuel Forwarding Pumps
LEAD/LAG Selection 88FD-1 / 88FD-2

The two Execute/Command targets allow to select one of the pumps as leading.
Distillate Fuel Selection of Pump motor #1

Forwarding Pumps Arm/execute target to select pump motor #1 as lead.
#1 Lead #2 Lead Signal: LAG1FD
Running Running Selection of Pump motor #2

Arm/execute target to select pump motor #2 as lead.

88FD-n (OL for Overload) L51FDn = log. "1" for "OL"
Run or Stop L52FDn = log. "1" for "Running"
Stopped or Running L52FDn = log. "0" for "Stopped"
Index: n=1 or 2.
The run condition for the pump motor operation (L4FD) is set when:
→ Gas fuel is not selected (L43FTG)
and the turbine is started (L4)
and compressor water washing is not selected (L43BWX)
The standby pump motor is started:

→ in case of a motor trouble (L30FD1, L30FD2)
Or
→ In case of Distillate fuel pressure low (L63FD1L, pressure switch 63FD-1)
The control signals for the two motors are L4FD1 and L4FD2.

1.7.4 Cooling Water Pumps
LEAD/LAG Selection 88WC-1 / 88WC-2

The two Execute/Command targets allow to select one of the pumps as leading.
Selection of Pump #1
Cooling Water Arm/execute target to select cooling water pump #1 as lead.
Pumps Signal: LAG1WC
#1 Lead #2 Lead
Selection of Pump #2
Running Running Arm/execute target to select cooling water pump #2 as lead.
Pump Motor Indication MkV-Signal

88WC-n (OL for Overload) L51WCn = log. "1" for "OL"
Run or Stop L52WCn = log. "1" for "Running"
Stopped or Running L52WCn = log. "0" for "Stopped"
Index: n=1 or 2.
The run condition for the pump motor operation (L4WC) is set when:
→ Aux. lube oil pump is running (signal L4QAZ)
Or
→ Turbine flame signal is detected (signal L28FDX)
The standby pump motor is started:

→ In case of a motor trouble (L30WC1, L30WC2)
Or
→ In case of cooling water pressure is low (pressure switch 63WC-1, signal L63WCL)
The control signals for the two motors are L4WCZ1 and L4WCX2.

1.7.5 Cooling Water Fans and Motors
Lube Oil Cooling Water Fans
Run condition for the cooling fan motor operation (L4FC1) is set when:
→ The Turbine flame detection signal is set (L28FDX)
The first group of fans is: 88FC-11, 88FC-21, 88FC-31 and 88FC-41.
The 2nd group starts with 10s delay (K4FC1X2): 88FC-12, 88FC-22, 88FC-32 and 88FC-42.
Standby Function. The third group is started *):

→ In case of lube oil temperature high (L26QA, LTTH ≥ K26QA, 74degC)
Or
→ In case of water cooling temperature high (L26WCXA, WTAD ≥ K26WCXAH, 43degC)
Or
→ In case of generator stator temperature high (L26G1, GSTMAX ≥ K26G1H, 100degC)
The third group of cooling fans is: 88FC-13, 88FC-23, 88FC-33 and 88FC-43.
The motor control signals are: L4FCZxx (xx stands for 11, 21, 31, 41, 12, ..., 43).
These motor control signals are also used for the indication "ON / OFF".
Note: *) The above described control logic applies to the project Kelanitissa.

Cooling Water Fans and Motors (cont´d)
Cooling Water Fan #1 Running Cooling Water Fan #5 Running Cranking Motor Status Running
Cooling Water Fan #2 Running Cooling Water Fan #6 Running Auxiliary Hydraulic Supply Running
Cooling Water Fan #3 Running Cooling Water Fan #7 Running Auxiliary Lube Oil Pump Running
Cooling Water Fan #4 Running Cooling Water Fan #8 Running Emergency Lube Oil Pump Running
Water Injection Pump Running Evaporative Cooler Motor Running Turn Gear Motor Running
Bearing Lift Pump Running Oil Demister Fan Running
Status list of motors:
Motor Signal Motor Signal Motor Signal

Cooling Water Fan #1 L4FCZ1 Cooling Water Fan #5 L4FCZ5 Cranking Motor L4CR
88FC-1 L52FC1 88FC-5 L52FC5 88CR-1 L52CR
Cooling Water Fan #2 L4FCZ2 Cooling Water Fan #6 L4FCZ6 Aux. Hydr. Supply L4HQZ
88FC-2 L52FC2 88FC-6 L52FC6 88HQ-1 L52HQ
Cooling Water Fan #3 L4FCZ3 Cooling Water Fan #7 L4FC7 Aux. Lube Oil Pump L4QAZ
88FC-3 L52FC3 88FC-7 L52FC7 88QA-1 L52QA
Cooling Water Fan #4 L4FCZ4 Cooling Water Fan #8 L4FC8 Emerg. Lube Oil Pump L4QEZ1
88FC-4 L52FC4 88FC-8 L52FC8 88QE-1 L72QEZ
Water Injection Pump L4WN1 Evaporative Cooler L4AC Turning Gear Motor L4TG1X
88WN-1 L52WN 88AC L52AC 88TG-1 L52TG
Bearing Lift Pump L4QBZ1 Oil Demister Fan L4QVZ1A
88QB-1 L52QB 88QV-1 L52QV
Note:
The listed Mark V signals are a) the master control signals (L4...)
b) the MCC running signals (L52...).

1.8 Synchro Display
The Synchro Screen Control display shows the GT/Gen schematic, a Data box and two groups of
command targets. The generator circuit breaker indicates closed/open condition.
Synch Metering
Generator Bus
Phase Angle #### #### Primary #### #### KV
Volts Diff #### #### Pct. Rated #### #### V
Slip Freq #### Frequency #### #### Hz
Generator
Breaker
Watts #### ####
Vars #### ####
Power Factor ####
Synch Metering Mark V signals
Phase Angle SSDIFF2

Volts Diff DV_ERR
Slip Frequency SSDIFF1
Watts DWATT
Vars DVAR
Power Factor DPF
Generator Bus
Primary DVX SVLX
Pct. Rated DV SVL
Frequency DF SFL1
Breaker L52GX
Speed/Load Speed / Load Control

Control
Raise Raise command for the speed/load setpoint TNR (L70R4R_CPB)
Lower Lower command for the speed/load setpoint TNR (L70R4L_CPB)
Synch Synch Mode

Mode
Off Off disables the synchronization mode (SC43SYNC -> 0)
Monitor Enables the Monitor synch. mode (SC43SYNC -> 2)
Auto Enables the Auto synch. mode (SC43SYNC -> 3)

Synchro Display (cont´d)
Voltage
Voltage Regulator Control
Regulator
Control
Signal: SS43GEN
############ Indication: Voltage Ctrl, VAR Control, PF Control
Generator Bus Signals:

Frequency ##.## Hz ##.## Hz DF SFL1
Primary Volts ##.## kV ##.## kV DVX SVLX
Current phase A #### A GAX1
Current phase B #### A GAX2
Current phase C #### A GAX3
Exciter Field Curr. ### A GF
Active Power ##.# MW DWATT
Reactive Power ##.# MVAR DVAR
PF ##.## DPF
Synchronize Mode ############## Synchronize Mode: Synch Off, Manual, Auto, Manual
Deadbus (SS43SYNC)
Volts Difference #### #### Volts Difference: DV_ERR
Slip Frequency #### #### Slip Frequency: SFDIFF1
Auto Permissives Signal green red
Auto Permissives
Synch Lockout (L86S) Synch Lockout L86S log. 0 log. 1
Bus Voltage Bus Voltage L3SVL log. 1 log. 0
Bus Frequency Bus Frequency L3SFL log. 1 log. 0
Generator Voltage Gen. Voltage L3DV log. 1 log. 0
Generator Frequency Gen. Frequency L3DF log. 1 log. 0
Difference Volts Diff. Volts L3DV_ERR log. 1 log. 0
Difference Frequency Diff. Frequency L3SFDIFF log. 1 log. 0
Sequencing Synch Permit Seq. Synch Perm. L3DV_ERR log. 1 log. 0
Auto Synch Permit Auto Synch Permit L25P Log.1 log. 0
Auto Permissives
Condition Signal Description / Constants Path / value
Sync Lockout (L86S) L86S TCEA synch lockout is not set TCEA # CDB Log
Bus Voltage L3SVL in range: GSKSV_LO ..._HI 90 ... 110 %
Bus Frequency L3SFL in range: GSKSF_LO ..._HI 49.0 ... 51.0 Hz
Generator Voltage L3DV in range: GSKDV_LO ..._HI 90 ... 110 %
Generator Frequency L3DF in range: GSKDF_LO ..._HI 49.0 ... 51.0 Hz
Difference Volts L3DV_ERR in range: GSKDVE_LO ..._HI 0.0 ... 1.5 %
Difference Frequency L3SFDIFF in range: GSKSFE_LO ..._HI -1.0 ... 1.0 Hz
Sequencing Synch Permit L25P TCQA Synch permissive is set TCQA # TCEA Log
Auto Synch Permit L83AS TCEA Auto synch permissive CDB # TCEA Log
The constants settings are from Sept. 2001.

1.9 Air Filter
The Air Filter Control display can be used to monitor the filter unit and the bleed heat system.
Figure 1.9-1 GT Air Filter and Bleed Heat
Command Targets
Bleed Heat On/Off

Bleed
Heat
On Starts the Bleed Heat control function (L43BH_ON_CPB).
On
Feedback signal: L83BHEN
Off
Off Stops the Bleed Heat control function (L43BH_OFF_CPB).

Reference Inlet Bleed heat control valve (65EP-3) CSRIHOUT
Feedback Inlet Bleed heat position signal (96TH-1) CSBHX

1.10 Off-Line Washing
Off-line washing is the process of injecting cleaning solution into the compressor inlet while the unit is
being turned at cranking speed. This is the most effective method of compressor washing. The
equipment is mounted on the turbine base and includes piping, fittings, nozzles, valves and control
software.
Off-line washing is only possible, when the turbine is stopped and cooled down. The differential
temperature value between the wheelspace temperatures and the wash water temperature should not
exceed 65°C. Therefore all wheelspace temperatures have to be below 150°C [or 95°C], when the wash
water temperature has a value of 85°C [or 30°C].
The values in brackets [ ] apply, when unheated wash water is used.
The monitored wheelspace temperature value for washing is defined by the Mark V constant LK69TWW.
For the washing process the turbine has to be carefully prepared, i.e. all relevant valves have to be set
to their correct washing position. See the Check list for washing in the Operation Manual!
The conditions for Washing are:
• All Wheelspace temperatures are below LK69TWW (here 149°C).
• Turbine and Wash skid preparations according to the Check list are completed
(water and detergent tanks are filled, valve positions are set and checked).
• Mark V startup preparations complete (unit is READY TO START, CRANK is selected).
• Off-line washing Start is selected on the Mark V display.
• The Unit is started in CRANK mode
When the turbine is started the IGV will open fully to allow a maximum water flow through the
compressor inlet stage. When the turbine has reached the speed level 14HM (10%), the water wash
Off-Line solenoid 20TW-1 is energized.
HP Speed - Zero speed No master flame signal

L14HR L28FDX
Master ctrl - Startup permissive Wheelspace temp. < 150 deg C
L1X L69TWW
Crank mode selected Master protection signal
L43C L4
Water wash on selected
L43BW
Minimum Firing Spd/Purge Active
Washing ready to start L14HM or L2TV
Wash valve signal 20TW-1
Command Targets
Off-Line Wash On/Off
Off-Line Start: Enables Off-line Washing

Wash Off-line washing can be selected, when all preparations for the washing
Stop
are completed. See Check list. Signal: L43BWON_CPB
Start Stop: Disables Off-line Washing

Off-line washing is switched off, when washing is completed
and the unit is shutdown. Signal: L83WWOFF_CPB
Important: After washing the unit has to be prepared for normal operation (see Check list).
The unit has to be restarted within 24hrs to avoid corrosion.
See the Operation Manual for detailed information.

1.11 On-Line Washing
On-line washing is the process of injecting water into the compressor inlet while the unit is being
turned at nominal (synchronous) speed. The advantage of on-line washing is that it can be done
without having to shut down the turbine. On-line washing, however is not as effective as off-line
washing; therefore on-line washing is used to supplement off-line washing and not to replace it. The
equipment is mounted on the turbine base and includes piping, fittings, nozzles, valves and control
software.
On-line washing can be performed, when the generator is "on-line" and loaded.
When the unit is at base load it has to be unloaded by approx. 5% (non DLN units).
The conditions for Washing are:

• Wash skid preparations according to the Check list in the Operation Manual are completed
(water and detergent tanks are filled, valve positions are set and checked).
• Compressor inlet temp. CTIM is above LKWCTIM (9.8°C) .
• IGV temperature control mode is set to OFF (non DLN units only!).
• ON-line washing Start is selected on the Mark V display.
Compressor Inlet Temp > 10 deg C

L3WCTIM
Online Water Wash selected on

L83WW
Wash valve signal 20TW-2
Command Targets
On-Line Wash On/Off
On-Line Start: Enables On-line Washing

Wash On-Line washing can be selected, when all preparations
for the washing are completed. See separate Check list.
Start
Signal: L83WWON_CPB
Stop
Stop: Disables On-line Washing
On-Line washing is switched off, when washing is completed.
Signal: L83WWOFF_CPB
Important: When washing is completed, the unit is to be prepared for normal operation
by using the Check list.
The flame intensity values have to be checked during washing.
If a critical reduction of the intensity values is monitored,
washing may be done with less or without detergent.
See the Operation Manual for detailed information.

2. Monitor Displays
2.1 Bearing Temperatures
The Monitor display Bearing Temps shows the Turbine/Generator schematic and a bar chart diagram
with all bearing metal and drain temperature values.
Lube Oil Thrust Bearing Turbine Bearings Generator Bearings

## ##
Header Inactive Active Brg 1 Drn Brg 2 Drn Brg 3 Drn Gen 1 Gen 2
300 300
250 250
200 200
150 150
100 100
50 50
0 0
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
Figure 2.1-1 Bearing Temperatures
The following alarm/trip values have been set (preliminary, Sept. 2001).
Title Signal Description Settings Alarm Trip

Lube Oil LTTH Lube oil header temp. 76 / 88°C LOKALM1 LOKTRP1
Metal temp. BTTI1_2 Turb. thrust brg. inactive 129 / 115°C BTKALM1 BTKTRP1
BTTI1_5 Turb. thrust brg. inactive 129 / 115°C BTKALM2 BTKTRP2
BTTI1_9 Turb. thrust brg. inactive 129 / 115°C BTKALM3 BTKTRP3
Metal temp. BTTA1_2 Turb. thrust brg. active 129 / 140°C BTKALM4 BTKTRP4
BTTA1_5 Turb. thrust brg. active 129 / 140°C BTKALM5 BTKTRP5
BTTA1_8 Turb. thrust brg. active 129 / 140°C BTKALM6 BTKTRP6
Metal temp. BTJ1_1 Turbine bearing #1 129 / 140°C BTKALM11 BTKTRP11
BTJ1_2 Turbine bearing #1 129 / 140°C BTKALM12 BTKTRP12
Drain temp LTB1D Turbine bearing #1 100 / 110°C LOKALM3 LOKTRP3
Metal temp. BTGJ1_1 Generator bearing #1 107 / 112°C BTKALM7 BTKTRP7
BTGJ2_1 Generator bearing #2 107 / 112°C BTKALM9 BTKTRP9

Bearing Temperatures
Alarm messages

349 BEARING DRAIN TEMPERATURE Lube oil header temperature LTTH1 or one of the
HIGH bearing drain temp. values is exceeding the alarm
limit. (Alarmsignal: L30LOA)
350 BEARING METAL TEMPERATURE One (or more) bearing metal temp. value(s) is (are)
HIGH exceeding the alarm limit. (Signal: L30BTA)
282 LUBE OIL TEMPERATURE HIGH - Lube oil header temperature LTTH1 or one of the
TRIP bearing drain temp. values is exceeding the trip
limit. (Alarmsignal: L30LOT_ALM)
283 BEARING METAL TEMP HIGH - One (or more) bearing metal temp. value(s) is (are)
TRIP exceeding the trip limit. (Signal: L30BTT_ALM)
Note: The Trip functions are optional (actually not programmed).

Channel A, LTTH1, is not included in the alarm and trip messages.
The above shown constants settings are from August 2001.
Option: Instead of a trip a second alarm message can be programmed.
! BEARING METAL TEMP VERY HIGH
! LUBE OIL TEMP VERY HIGH

2.2 Exhaust Temperatures
The display Exhaust Temps shows the locations of all 24 exhaust thermocouples.
They are arranged clockwise in a circle as seen upstream from the exhaust end
(against flow direction). All thermocouples are given with their Mark V signal name TTXD1_n.
The lower part of the display consists of the bar chart diagram with its 24 columns.
TTXD1_1
Upstream TTXD1_18 TTXD1_2
View TTXD1_17 TTXD1_3
TTXD1_16 10 1 TTXD1_4
9 2
TTXD1_15 TTXD1_5
8 3
TTXD1_14 TTXD1_6
7 4
TTXD1_13 TTXD1_7
6 5
TTXD1_12 TTXD1_8
TTXD1_11 TTXD1_9
TTXD1_10
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###

## ##
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
1400 1400
1200 1200
Exhaust Temperature
1000 1000
800 800
600 600
400 400
200 200
0 0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18
Exhaust Trend
Figure 2.2-1 Exhaust temperatures
Combustion Data Signal Description

Allowable Spread #### ## TTXSPL Allowable exhaust temperature spread limit
Exhaust Spread # 1 #### ## TTXSP1 Maximum exhaust temp. spread value
Exhaust Spread # 2 #### ## TTXSP2 Second maximum exhaust temp. spread value
Exhaust Spread # 3 #### ## TTXSP3 Third maximum exhaust temp. spread value
Exhaust Temperature #### ## TTXM Average exhaust temperature
Reference Temperature #### # TTRF1 Calculated Firing temperature
Inlet Heating CV Position #### ## CSBHX Inlet heating control valve position (96TH-1)
Turbine Data
Signal Description
Exhaust ### ## TTXM Average exhaust temperature
Speed #### ### TNH Turbine speed in percent (from 77NH-1, -2, -3)
Max Vib #.## ## BB_MAX Maximum seismic vibration
CPD ### ### CPD Compressor discharge pressure
IGV ## ### CSGV Inlet Guide Vane angle
Active ##.# ## DWATT Generator active load
Reactive ##.# ## DVAR Generator reactive load

Exhaust Temperatures
Exhaust temperature reference

The following diagrams show the exhaust temperature bias curve as a function of the Compressor
discharge pressure CPD (or CPR) and DWATT.
TTRXB
a) b)
c)
Note:
a) Isothermal value:
TTKn_I
b) Corner value:
TTKn_C
DWATT Backup
TTKn_LO
Peak FSR Backup
TTKn_K
Base c) Slope value:
TTKn_S
DWATT Backup
TTKn_LG
FSR Backup
CPD (CPR) , DWATT TTKn_M
Figure 2.2-2 Exhaust temperature bias
TTRXB c)
b)
a)
Note:
a) ALARM limit:
TTRXB + TTKOT3
(13.9°C / 25°F)
b) TRIP limit:
TTRXB + TTKOT2
(22.2°C / 40°F)
c) Isothermal Trip:
TTKOT1
CPD (CPR), DWATT (621°C / 1150°F)
Figure 2.2-3 Exhaust temperature limits

Exhaust temperature Control

The following diagram shows the relation between Compressor discharge pressure CPD and
the Exhaust temperature TTXM during startup and loading.
Exh. 700
Temp.
TTXM 600
[°C]
500
400
300
200
100
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14
CPD [bar]
Figure 2.2-4 Exhaust temperature TTXM
The operating data in Fig. 2.1-3 are from a unit 9001E operated with liquid fuel,
Control Constants: (The constants settings are from project Wacker/Fortum, DLN1 9001E)
TTK0_I = 593 degC 1099 degF TTK1_I = 593 degC TTK2_I = 593 degC
TTK0_C = 8.54 bar 123.3 psi TTK1_C = 7.89 bar TTK2_C = 7.89 bar
TTK0_S =20.79 C/bar 2.58 F/psi TTK1_S = 15.0 C/bar TTK2_S = 15.0 C/bar
TTK0_LO= 67.4 MW TTK1_LO= 65.3 MW TTK2_LO= 65.3 MW
TTK0_LG= 1.15 C/MW 2.07 F/MW TTK1_LG= 1.07 C/MW TTK2_LG= 1.07 C/MW
TTKOT1 = 621 degC 1150 degF
Control Indices for three segment control curve (see Fig. 2.1-3):
Index 0: L83JT0= log. "1" (CPD < TTKRBP1, no peak load).
Index 1: L83JT1= log. "1" (TTKRBP1 < CPD < TTKRBP2, no peak load).
Index 2: L83JT2= log. "1" (CPD < TTKRBP1, CPD < TTKRBP2, no peak load).
(Wacker/Fortum settings: TTKRBP1 = 10.25bar, TTKRBP2 = 10.25bar)
Note: The Taweelah software is programmed with CPR instead of CPD.

Exhaust temperature alarms

The exhaust temperature protection system detects the following alarm and trip conditions.

120 EXHAUST TEMPERATURE HIGH The average exhaust temperature TTXM
exceeds the alarm limit TTRXB + TTKOT3.
TTRXB is a function of CPD, TTKOT3 = 13.9°C.
121 EXHAUST OVERTEMPERATURE TRIP The average exhaust temperature TTXM
exceeds the trip limit TTRXB + TTKOT2.
TTRXB is a function of CPD, TTKOT2 = 22.2°C.
122 EXHAUST THERMOCOUPLES OPEN The average exhaust temperature TTXM is less
TRIP than TTKXM4 (121°C).

Generator Loading
The following diagrams show the generator loading. Additionally the IGV angle CSGV is
indicated (with a minimum position of 34DGA) and the exhaust temperature TTXM.
DWATT 160
[MW] 140 DWATT
CSGV 120
[DGA] 100
80 CSGV
60
40
20
0
0 240 480 720 960 1200 1440 1680 1920 2160
Time [sec]
Figure 2.2-5 Generator load DWATT
TTXM
[deg C]
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0 240 480 720 960 1200 1440 1680 1920 2160
Time [sec]
Figure 2.2-6 Exhaust temperature TTXM
The operating data in the Fig. above are from a unit 9001E operated with liquid fuel,

Combustion Monitor
This function detects abnormal combustion temperature patterns reflected downstream in the exhaust gases
flow. Alarm and trip functions are programmed to protect the unit against excessive spreads of the exhaust
temperature values.
The combustion monitor function is enabled when
$ the turbine is started an running (L4 is log. "1")
$ the turbine speed is above 95% (14HS) plus one minute time delay (K83SPM).
$ the stop signal is not set (L94X is log. "0")
$ the controller voting of RST is normal (L3VOTE_R, _S and _T is log. "1")
$ the thermocouple value processing of RST is normal (TCQA status of RST is in "A7")
The following values and criteria are defined for the combustion monitor.
The three highest spreads TTXSP1, TTXSP2 and TTXSP3 are calculated and compared to allowables
constants (TTKSP1, 2, 3).
Logic signals are satisfied if the highest three spreads are greater than their allowables.
Two adjacency cheks are also made to determine if the lowest and the second lowest spread are adjacent
and/or if the second lowest and the third lowest are adjacent.
The allowable spread is increased by an bias at startup, fuel transfer, load setpoint raise/lower and high
rate of FSR changes (see next page).
Allowable Spread
The allowable spread value TTXSPL is calculated with the following equation:
TTXSPL = 0.145•TTXM – 0.08•CTD + 50°F (1)
TTXSPL = TTKSPL4•TTXM – TTKSPL3•CTD + TTKSPL5 (2)
TTXM is the average exhaust temperature value of all 24 exhaust thermocouple values.
CTD is the maximum compressor discharge temperature value (max of CTDA1, CTDA2).
TTXSPL is limited to the range: 27.7°C (50°F) ≤ TTXSPL ≤ 69.4°C (125°F)

constants are: TTKSPL7 ≤ TTXSPL ≤ TTKSPL6
CTD is limited to the range: 149°C (300°F) ≤ CTD ≤ 371°C (700°F)
constants are: TTKSPL2 ≤ CTD ≤ TTKSPL1
The three spread values for the alarm logic are defined in the following way:
SPREAD1: TTXSP1 = TTXD2_1 - TTXD2_24 i.e. highest minus lowest (3)
SPREAD2: TTXSP2 = TTXD2_1 - TTXD2_23 i.e. highest minus second-lowest (4)
SPREAD3: TTXSP3 = TTXD2_1 - TTXD2_22 i.e. highest minus third-lowest (5)

Combustion Monitor (cont´d)

Allowable Spread and Load Changes
The allowable spread TTXSPL is increased by a bias value of TTKSPL8 (111°C/200°F) at startup, fuel
transfer, load setpoint raise/lower and at high rate of FSR changes (enabled by L83SPMB).
At steady load conditions the bias value is reduced to zero with a time delay of TTKSPL9 (100sec).
The following figure shows this characteristic.
Temp.
Spread Allowable Spread
TTXSPL
111 deg C 2 min
200 deg F
Actual Spread TTXSP1
Time
Steady State Transient Steady State

Operation Period Operation
Figure 2.2-7 Allowable spread TTXSPL
Combustion monitor alarm messages:
Drop Signal Alarm text and Description

123 L30SPTA EXHAUST THERMOCOUPLE TROUBLE
The max. exhaust temp. spread TTXSP1 is exceeding the value of
5 (TTKSP2) times the allowable spread TTXSPL.
124 L30SPA COMBUSTION TROUBLE
The max. exhaust temp. spread TTXSP1 is exceeding the
allowable spread TTXSPL.
125 L30SPT HIGH EXHAUST TEMPERATURE SPREAD TRIP
1. The max. exhaust temp. spread TTXSP1 is exceeding the
allowable
nd
spread TTXSPL and
2. the 2 max. exhaust temp. spread TTXSP2 is exceeding
0.8 (TTKSP3) times TTXSPL and nd
3. the maximum exhaust temp. spread TTXSP1 and the 2 max.
spread TTXSP2 are adjacent.
or
1. The max. exhaust temp. spread TTXSP1 is exceeding the value
5 (TTKSP2) times the allowable spread TTXSPL and
nd
2. the 2 max. exhaust temp. spread TTXSP2 is exceeding
0.8 (TTKSP3)
nd
times TTXSPL and rd
3. the 2 maximum exhaust temp. spread TTXSP2 and the 3 max.
spread TTXSP3 are adjacent.
or
All three exhaust temp. spread values are exceeding TTXSPL.

Combustion Monitor (cont´d)
The following figure shows the exhaust temperature profile with operating data at peak load condition.
600
Exhaust 590
Temp.
[°C] 580
a)
570
560
550 b)
540
530
520
510
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
Exhaust Thermocouples
Figure 2.2-8 Exhaust Temperature Spread
Note: a) Actual maximum spread TTXSP1

b) Allowable spread TTXSPL
The operating data in above Fig. are from a unit 9001E operated at peak load (143MW) with liquid fuel,
The following table lists up all 24 exhaust temperature values TTXD1_1 to TTXD1_24.
TC 1 – 8 577,2 586,5 575,2 580.0 579,8 566,4 576,9 558,7

TC 9 – 16 579,7 572,2 580.0 587,2 576,9 574,5 558,3 573,9
TC17 – 24 565,9 567,5 569,1 560,7 562,7 563,3 574,8 566,1
The average exhaust temperature values TTXM was 572.0°C at peak load.
The allowable spread TTXSPL was 69.4°C, the maximum spread SPREAD1, TTXSP1 was 28.8°C.

2.3 Generator Temperatures
The display Generator RTDs shows the Generator schematic and the bar chart diagram with winding and
cooling air temperature values.
Figure 2.3-1 Generator Temperatures
The next page shows the table with all Generator stator and cooling air temperatures.
All possible Mark V alarm messages are described with alarm settings and constants.

Generator Temperatures
Bar Chart Diagram
Table of temperatures:
No. Device Signal Temp.. Settings Const

1 TRA-TE-011A GST1 Gen. stator cplg side 140 / 150°C KGSTH/KGSTHH
2 TRA-TE-012A GST2 Gen. stator cplg side
3 TRA-TE-013A GST3 Gen. stator cplg side
4 TRA-TE-011B GST4 Gen. stator cplg side
7 TRA-TE-021A GST7 Gen. stator wdg center
1 TRA-TE-201 GHA1 Gen. hot air temp. 100 / 110°C KGHAH/KGHAHH
2 TRA-TE-202 GHA2 Gen. hot air temp.
3 TRA-TE-101 GCA1 Gen. cold air temp. 70 / 80°C KGCAH/KGCAHH
4 TRA-TE-102 GCA2 Gen. cold air temp.
1 TRA-TE-203 GEXT Exciter hot air temp. 120 / 130°C KGEXT1H/KGEXT1HH
Generator temperature alarm messages:
Drop Signal Alarm text and Description

364 L30GEXT_ALM GENERATOR EXCITER AIR TEMP. RTD FAULT
The Gen. exciter air temp. value is out of range.
365 L49EX_ALM GENERATOR EXCITER AIR TEMP. HIGH
The Gen. exciter air temp. value exceeds KGEXT1H (120°C).
418 L30GCA_ALM GENERATOR COLD AIR TEMP. RTD FAULT
One or two Gen. cold air RTD´s are out of range or diff temp high.
419 L30GHA_ALM GENERATOR HOT AIR TEMP. RTD FAULT
One or two Gen. hot air RTD´s are out of range or diff temp high.
420 L30GST_ALM GENERATOR STATOR TEMP. RTD FAULT
One or more Gen. stator RTD´s are out of range or diff temp high.
421 L26GCA1_ALM GENERATOR COLD AIR - HIGH TEMP. ALARM
One or two Gen. cold air temp. values exceed KGCAH (70°C).
422 L26GHA1_ALM GENERATOR HOT AIR - HIGH TEMP. ALARM
One or two Gen. hot air temp. values exceed KGHAH (100°C).
423 L49G1_ALM GENERATOR STATOR HIGH TEMP. 1ST STEP
One or more Generator stator temp. values exceed KGSTH (140°C).
424 L49GHT_ALM GENERATOR TEMP. VERY HIGH OR FAULT
One or more Generator stator temp. values exceed KGSTHH (150°C)
or One or two cold air temp. values exceed KGCAHH (80°C)
or One or two hot air temp. values exceed KGHAHH (110°C)
or Generator GST7/8/9 stator center RTD´s are out of range
or Exciter air RTD temp. is exceeding KGEXT1HH (130°C).
The above shown alarm constants settings are of Sept. 28, 2001.

2.4 Seismic Vibration
The display Vibration Seismic shows the Turbine/Generator schematic and the bar chart diagram with the
bearing vibration values.
##
Turbine Generator ##
1A 1B 2A 3A 3B 4A 4B 5A
1.20 1.20
1.00 1.00
Seismic Vibration
0.80 0.80
0.60 0.60
0.40 0.40
0.20 0.20
0.00 0.00
### ### ### ### ### ### ### ###
BB1 BB2 BB3 BB4 BB5 BB10 BB11 BB12
Figure 2.4-1 Seismic Vibrations
The table below shows the alarm and trip settings for each channel.
The trip condition for the turbine group is "2 out of 5, for the generator group it is "2 out of 3"
(see alarm table below).
Ch. pair Device Signal Location Alarmsetp. Constant Tripsetp. Constant

A 1 39V-1A BB1 Turb. Brg. 1 12.7mm/s LK39VA_1 25.4mm/s LK39VT_1
B 1 39V-1B BB2 Turb. Brg. 1 12.7mm/s LK39VA_2 25.4mm/s LK39VT_2
C - 39V-2A BB3 Turb. Brg. 2 12.7mm/s LK39VA_3 25.4mm/s LK39VT_3
D 2 39V-3A BB4 Turb. Brg. 3 12.7mm/s LK39VA_4 25.4mm/s LK39VT_4
E 2 39V-3B BB5 Turb. Brg. 3 12.7mm/s LK39VA_5 25.4mm/s LK39VT_5
F 3 39V-4A BB10 Gen. Brg. 1 12.7mm/s LK39VA_10 25.4mm/s LK39VT_10

G 3 39V-4B BB11 Gen. Brg. 1 12.7mm/s LK39VA_11 25.4mm/s LK39VT_11
H - 39V-5A BB12 Gen. Brg. 2 12.7mm/s LK39VA_12 25.4mm/s LK39VT_12

Seismic Vibration
Alarm messages
The following alarm messages are programmed:

126 VIBRATION START 3 or 4 turbine sensor or 2 or 3 generator sensor
INHIBIT are faulty or disabled. Alarmsignal: L39VD3_ALM
127 HIGH VIBRATION TRIP Trip: 1 sensor exceeds alarm level and 1 sensor
OR SHUTDOWN exceeds trip level in one group.
Shutdown: All sensors of one group are faulty
or disabled. Alarmsignal: L39VTX_ALM
128 VIBRATION SENSOR Sensor(s) is (are) disabled via control constant

DISABLED JK39_n. Alarmsignal: L39VD1
129 VIBRATION TRANSDUCER Sensor(s) is (are) faulty, i.e. short or open.

FAULT Alarmsignal: L39VF
130 HIGH VIBRATION ALARM Vibration value exceeds alarm level (constants see table).
Alarmsignal: L39VA
131 VIBRATION DIFFERENTIAL Diff. value exceeds alarm level, set by constant LK39DIFF
TROUBLE (2.5mm/s). Alarmsignal: L39VDIFF
Note: The vibration alarm time delay is set by LK39ATD (5.0s).

The vibration trip time delay is set by LK39TTD (0.5s).
The vibration fault alarm time delay is set by LK39FTD (5.0s).
The vibration differential trouble alarm time delay is set by LK39DFTD (0.5s).

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GE Energy Products – Europe

A GE Power Systems Business

GEEPE A31 Displ91E_Taw2w.doc 3

Figure 1-1 Menu Structure

Control Monitor Aux Tests

Start-up Bearing temps Demand Overspeed test

GEEPE A31 Displ91E_Taw2w.doc 4

1.1 Startup Control Display

Figure 1.1-1 Startup Control Display

The StartUp Control Display shows the following items:

• Turbine/Generator Schematic Showing the turbine and generator block diagram.

GEEPE A31 Displ91E_Taw2w.doc 5

Startup Control Display

Turbine / Generator Schematic

Item Description Mark V Signal

Inlet Air Compressor inlet air temp. and pressure

ABCDEFGH Flame Detector Indication L28FDA,B,C,D,..

Exhaust Average exhaust temp. of all exhaust thermocouple values TTXM

Speed GT speed in % TNH

Max Vib Max. value of all GT/Gen vibration signals BB_MAX

FSR Fuel Stroke Reference in % FSR

GEEPE A31 Displ91E_Taw2w.doc 6

Startup Control Display

Operation Data boxes

Item Indication Mark V Signal

Turbine Status ###############

Item Indication Mark V Signal

GEEPE A31 Displ91E_Taw2w.doc 7

Startup Control Display

Load Load Control Mode

Raise Raise command for the speed/load setpoint TNR. L70R4R_CPB

Lower Lower command for the speed/load setpoint TNR. L70R4L_CPB

Control Control Location

Remote "General Remote" control mode L43R (I_C_CTRL_1 ->3)

Cable Cable Remote L86CA

Disable Disabling the cable remote function L43CA=0, L43CANO_CPB

GEEPE A31 Displ91E_Taw2w.doc 8

Startup Control Display

Command Targets (cont´d)

The turning gear function can be activated with a START command

Off Stops the cooldown cycle (L43CD_OFFCPB)

GEEPE A31 Displ91E_Taw2w.doc 9

Startup Control Display

Command Targets (cont´d)

Preselect Ld Preselected Load Setpoint Signal

MVAR Control Signal

Power Factor Control Signal

GEEPE A31 Displ91E_Taw2w.doc 10

Startup Control Display

Ack Silence Lock Unlock Comments Setup Alarms

Buttons Procedure Description

Banners Description Example

GEEPE A31 Displ91E_Taw2w.doc 11

Startup Control Display

Figure 1.1-2 Startup Trend

GEEPE A31 Displ91E_Taw2w.doc 12

Startup Control Display

Loading and Unloading

Logic Constant Setting Unit Function

Manual Loading Rate TNKR1_2 is used when: L83MLOAD = 1

GEEPE A31 Displ91E_Taw2w.doc 13

Startup Control Display