Ejemplo

Runge –Kutta para segundo orden, método punto medio.

Resuelva el siguiente problema de valor inicial en el intervalo de x=0 a x=1.

𝑦 𝑙𝑛(𝑦)
𝑦′ =
𝑥

Donde:

𝑦(2) = 𝑒

h = 0.25

Solución

𝑦𝑖+1 = y𝑖 + k 2 ℎ

𝑘1 = f(xi, y𝑖 )

1 1
𝑘2 = f(𝑥𝑖 + h , y𝑖 + 𝑘1 ℎ)
2 2

 Primera iteración

𝑘1 = f(𝑥0 , y0 ) = f = (2 , e)

𝑘1 = (𝑒)(𝑙𝑛(𝑒))/2

1
𝑘1 =
2

1 1
𝑘2 = 𝑓(𝑥0 + 2 ℎ , 𝑦0 + 2 𝑘1 ℎ)

1 1
𝑘2 = 𝑓(0 + 2 (0.25) , 1 + 2 (−1.2)(0.25))

𝑘2 = 𝑓(0.125,0.85)

𝑘2 = 0.85(0.125)2 − 1.2(0.85)

𝑘2 = −1.006718
 𝑦1 = 1 + (−1.006718)0.25

𝑦1 = 0.748320

 Segunda iteración
𝑥1 = 𝑥0 + ℎ

𝑥1 = 0 + 0.25

𝑥1 = 0.25

𝑘1 = f(𝑥1 , y1 ) = f = (0.25 , 0.748320)

𝑘1 = (0.748320)(0.25)2 − 1.2(0.748320)

𝑘1 = −0.851432

1 1
𝑘2 = 𝑓(0.25 + (0.25) , 0.748320 + (−0.851432)(0.25))
2 2

𝑘2 = 𝑓(0.375,0.641891)

𝑘2 = 0.641891(0.375)2 − 1.2(0.641891)

𝑘2 = −0.680003

𝑦2 = 0.748320 + (−0.680003)0.25

𝑦2 = 0.578319

 Tercera iteración

𝑥2 = 𝑥1 + ℎ

𝑥2 = 0.25 + 0.25

𝑥2 = 0.5

𝑘1 = f(𝑥2 , y2 ) = f = (0.5,0.578319)

𝑘1 = (0.578319)(0.5)2 − 1.2(0.578319)

𝑘1 = −0.549403
 1 1
𝑘2 = 𝑓(𝑥2 + 2 ℎ , 𝑦2 + 2 𝑘1 ℎ)

1 1
𝑘2 = 𝑓(0.5 + 2 (0.25) , 0.578319 + 2 (−0.549403)(0.25))

𝑘2 = 𝑓(0.625,0.509643)

𝑘2 = 0.509643(0.625)2 − 1.2(0.509643)

𝑘2 = −0.4125

𝑦3 = 0.578319 + (−0.4125)0.25

𝑦3 = 0.4752

 Cuarta iteración

𝑥3 = 𝑥2 + ℎ

𝑥3 = 0.5 + 0.25

x3  0.75

𝑘1 = f(𝑥3 , y3 ) = f = (0.75,0.4752)

𝑘1 = (0.4752)(0.75)2 − 1.2(0.4752)

𝑘1 = −0.3029

1 1
𝑘2 = 𝑓(𝑥3 + 2 ℎ , 𝑦3 + 2 𝑘1 ℎ)

1 1
𝑘2 = 𝑓(0.75 + (0.25) , 0.4752 + (−0.3029)(0.25))
2 2

𝑘2 = 𝑓(0.875,0.4373)

𝑘2 = 0.4373(0.875)2 − 1.2(0.4373)

𝑘2 = −0.1900

𝑦4 = 0.4752 + (−0.1900)0.25
 𝑦4 = 0.4277

𝑥4 = 𝑥3 + ℎ

𝑥4 = 0.75 + 0.25

𝑥4 = 1

Vectores solución

X 0 0.25 0.5 0.75 1

y 1 0.7483 0.5783 0.4752 0.4277