2019 SARL Diary of Events and Information

The 2019 SARL Diary of
Events and Information
Die 2019 SARL Dagboek van

Gebeure en Inligting
“Viering van Amateur Radio se bydrae tot die samelewing”

"Celebrating Amateur Radio's contribution to society"
2019 Diary of Events and Information/2019 Dagboek van Gebeure en Inligting 1

South African Radio League/Suid-Afrikaanse Radioliga
Founded 20 May 1925 / Gestig 20 Mei 1925
The National Body for Amateur Radio in South Africa http://www.sarl.org.za

A Member Society of the IARU Region 1
Die Nasionale Liggaam vir Amateur Radio in Suid-Afrika
‘n Lidvereniging van die IARU Streek 1 http://iaru-r1.org
The National Amateur Radio Centre

Die Nasionale Amateurradiosentrum
Administrator / Administrateur
Kelley Heslop
Sender Technology Park, 1 Octave Street, Radiokop

PO Box / Posbus 1721, Strubensvallei 1735
South Africa / Suid-Afrika
Telephone/Telefoon: 011 675 2393
Facsimile/Faksimilee: 086 299 0566
E-mail / E-pos admin@sarl.org.za
SARL Secretary secretary@sarl.org.za
Contests contest@sarl.org.za
VHF News vhfnews@sarl.org.za
Radio ZS radiozs@sarl.org.za
Amateur Radio Today artoday@sarl.org.za
2019 SARL Contest Manual http://www.sarl.org.za/public/contests/contestrules.asp

HF and VHF/UHF and higher Band plans and World Wide 5 MHz (60 metre) allocations
http://www.sarl.org.za/public/licences/bandplan.asp
Southern African Fauna and Flora https://zsfaunaandflora.wordpress.com/
Lighthouses of Southern Africa https://zsfaunaandflora.wordpress.com/lighthouses-of-
southern-africa/
ZS SOTA https://zssota.wordpress.com
You can now download your copy of the weekly HF Happenings from
www.sarl.org.za/hf_happenings.asp
This is an official South African Radio League document and counts as a justification for
being absent over weekends
Hierdie is 'n amptelike Suid-Afrikaanse Radioliga-dokument en tel as 'n regverdiging vir

afwesigheid oor naweke

The Amateur's Code
CONSIDERATE… Never knowingly operates in such a
way as to lessen the pleasure of others.
LOYAL… offers loyalty, encouragement and support

to other amateurs, local clubs and the South African
Radio League, through which Amateur Radio in South Africa is represented nationally and
internationally.
PROGRESSIVE… with knowledge abreast of science, a well-built and efficient station and
operation above reproach.
FRIENDLY… slow and patient operating when requested; friendly advice and counsel to the
beginner; kindly assistance, cooperation and consideration for the interests of others. These
are the hallmarks of the amateur spirit.
BALANCED… radio is an avocation, never interfering with duties owed to family, job, school
or community.
PATRIOTIC… station and skill always ready for service to country and community.
Die Amateurkode
BEDAGSAAM... Die amateur is ‘n ware heer. Hy sal nooit bewustelik of moedswillig die
radiogolwe op so ‘n wyse vir sy eie genot aanwend om daardeur die genot vir ander te bederf
nie.
LOJAAL... Die Amateur is lojaal teenoor die Suid-Afrikaanse Radioliga en bied sy ondersteuning
onvoorwaardelik aan. Hy lê hom neer by die onderneming wat die SARL aan die owerheid
beloof het.
PROGRESSIEF... Die Amateur is progressief en sy stasie is in tred met die wetenskap. Sy

bedienings praktyk is netjies en ordelik.
VRIENDELIK... Die Amateur is vriendelik en verdraagsaam wanneer aan hom ‘n versoek gerig
word. Hy verstrek geredelik raad aan alle amateurs en verleen hulp en samewerking in die
gees van amateur radio.
EWEWIGTIG... Die Amateur is ewewigtig en laat nie toe dat sy stokperdjie met sy gesinslewe,
werk of gemeenskap inmeng nie.
PATRIOTIES... Die Amateur is patrioties, sy kennis en stasie is altyd vir sy land en gemeenskap
beskikbaar.

DX Code of Conduct
I will listen and listen and then listen again before calling
I will only call if I can copy the DX station properly
I will not trust the DX cluster and will be sure of the DX station's call sign
before calling
I will not interfere with the DX station or anyone calling and will never
tune up on the DX frequency or in the QSX slot
I will wait for the DX station to end a contact before I call
I will always send my full call sign
I will call and then listen for a reasonable interval
I will not call continuously
I will not transmit when the DX operator calls another call sign, not mine
I will not transmit when the DX operator queries a call sign not like mine
I will not transmit when the DX station requests geographic areas other than mine
When the DX operator calls me, I will not repeat my call sign unless I think he has copied it
incorrectly
I will be thankful if and when I do make a contact
I will respect my fellow radio amateurs and conduct myself so as to earn their respect
DX Gedragskode
Ek sal luister, luister en nog luister
Ek sal alleenlik roep indien ek die DX hoor.
Ek sal nie die DX Kluster blindelings vertrou nie en eers seker maak van die DX se ware
roepsein voordat ek roep
Ek sal nie steurings veroorsaak vir die DX of enigeen wat hom roep nie en ook nie opstem op
die DX of die QRX frekwensie nie
Ek sal wag totdat die DX klaar is met sy kontak voordat ek roep
Ek sal altyd my volle roepsein stuur
Ek sal roep en redelike periode wag
Ek sal nie aanhoudend roep nie
Ek sal nie uitsaai wanneer die DX ‘n ander roepsein as myne roep nie
Ek sal nie uitsaai indien die DX ‘n roepsein bevraagteken wat nie soos myne klink nie
Ek sal nie uitsaai indien die DX ‘n ander Geografiese area roep nie
Indien die DX my roep, sal ek nie my roepsein herhaal behalwe as ek dink hy het dit
verkeerd gehoor nie
Ek sal dankbaar wees indien ek die kontak gemaak het
Ek sal my mede Amateurs respekteer en myself handhaaf om sodoende hulle respek te
verdien
Vertaal deur en met dank aan Raoul, ZS1C

January/Januarie 2019
New Year’s Day; Start of the 2019 CQ DX Marathon and Canadian 1 Tuesday
National Parks on the Air; ARRL Straight Key Night; Green Keys
Night
Minstrel Carnival, Cape Town 2 Wednesday
3 Thursday
4 Friday
Pretoria ARC Flea Market 5 Saturday
ARRL RTTY/FT8 Roundup
ARRL RTTY/FT8 Roundup 6 Sunday
7 Monday
SARL Council Skype Meeting 8 Tuesday
Provincial schools open 9 Wednesday
10 Thursday
11 Friday
Hunting Lions in the Air 12 Saturday
Hunting Lions in the Air 13 Sunday
14 Monday
Highway ARC Monthly Meeting 15 Tuesday
16 Wednesday
Wolfkop Weekender, Citrusdal (17 to 21 Jan) 17 Thursday
PEARS VHF/UHF contest 18 Friday
PEARS VHF/UHF contest 19 Saturday
PEARS VHF/UHF contest 20 Sunday
May RAE registration opens 21 Monday
22 Tuesday
23 Wednesday
24 Thursday
Closing date for February Radio ZS 25 Friday
Summer QRP contest; BARTG RTTY Contest; Delheim’s Harvest 26 Saturday
Festival, Stellenbosch; International Day of Commemoration in
Memory of the Victims of the Holocaust
BARTG RTTY Contest 27 Sunday
28 Monday
29 Tuesday
30 Wednesday
Closing date for Nominations for Council, SARL Awards and AGM 31 Thursday
Motions
VHF/UHF Contest

Februarie/February 2019
Origin Fees, Helderstoom (1 tot 3 Feb) 1 Vrydag
SARL BHF/UHF QSO Geselligheid 2 Saterdag
Magoebaskloof Berry Fees, (2 en 3 Feb)
AWA Gelykgolf Aktiwiteite Dag 3 Sondag
Wêreld Kanker Dag 4 Maandag

Sluitingsdatum QRP kompetisie logstate
5 Dinsdag
6 Woensdag
Up the Creek Musiekfees, Swellendam (7 tot 10 Feb) 7 Donderdag
SARL Raad Strategiese Vergadering, NARS 8 Vrydag
SARL Raad Strategiese Vergadering, NARS; BHF/UHF Werkswinkel, 9 Saterdag
NARS; Nasionale Velddag; CQ WW WPX RTD Kompetisie; PACC
Kompetisie (Nederland)
Nasionale Velddag; CQ WW WPX RTD Kompetisie; PACC 10 Sondag
Kompetisie (Nederland)
Internasionale Dag vir Vroue en Meisies in Wetenskap 11 Maandag
12 Dinsdag
Wêreld Radio Dag 13 Woensdag
Valentyns Dag 14 Donderdag
Sluitingsdatum vir PEARS BHF logstate 15 Vrydag
ARRL DX Gelykgolf kompetisie 16 Saterdag
ARRL DX Gelykgolf kompetisie; 17 Sondag
Sluitingsdatum NVD logstate; Sluitingsdatum vir AWA Gelykgolf 18 Maandag
Aktiwiteite logstate
Highway ARK Maandelikse Vergadering 19 Dinsdag
20 Woensdag
Die sink van die SS Mendi – 05:00 21 Februarie 1917 21 Donderdag
Sluitingsdatum vir Maart Radio ZS 22 Vrydag
Clarens Craft Beer Fees (23 en 24 Feb) 23 Saterdag
Wesrand Snuffelmark
SARL Digitale kompetisie 24 Sondag
25 Maandag
26 Dinsdag
Internasionale Merktert Dag 27 Woensdag
Sluitingsdatum vir benoemings vir die SARL Eregallery 28 Donderdag

March/Maart 2019
Stellenbosch Wordfees (1 to 10 March) 1 Friday
ARRL DX Phone Contest 2 Saturday
SARL Hamnet 40 m contest; ARRL DX Phone Contest; World 3 Sunday
Wildlife Day
Closing date for Digital contest logs 4 Monday
5 Tuesday
Scifest, Grahamstown (6 to 12 March) 6 Wednesday
Hobby-X, Johannesburg (7 to 10) 7 Thursday
International Women’s Day 8 Friday
SARL VHF/UHF Analogue contest; SARL YL Sprint (for International 9 Saturday
Women’s Day); 82nd RSGB Commonwealth contest
Cape Town Cycle Race; SARL VHF/UHF Analogue contest; 82nd 10 Sunday
RSGB Commonwealth contest
Closing date for Hamnet logs 11 Monday
13 Wednesday
14 Thursday
Provincial schools close 15 Friday
AMSAT SA Space Symposium; closing date for YL Sprint logs; Wild 16 Saturday
Trout Festival, Rhodes (16 to 20 March)
17 Sunday
18 Monday
Autumn Equinox; International Day of Happiness 20 Wednesday
SA Human Right’s Day; Klein Karoo National Arts festival, 21 Thursday
Oudtshoorn (21 to 27 March); World Down Syndrome Day;
International Day of Forests
World Water Day 22 Friday
World Meteorological Day 23 Saturday
24 Sunday
25 Monday
Closing date for April Radio ZS 26 Tuesday
27 Wednesday
28 Thursday
29 Friday
CQ WPX SSB 30 Saturday
CQ WPX SSB 31 Sunday

April 2019
Sluitings datum BHF/UHF Analoog logstate 1 Maandag
Provinsiale skole open; Wêreld Outisme Bewustheid Dag 2 Dinsdag
3 Woensdag
SARL 80 m QSO Geselligheid; Stars of Sandstone, Ficksburg (4 tot 4 Donderdag
14 April)
5 Vrydag
RaDAR Uitdaging; SARL BHF/UHF Digitale kompetisie; Pretoria ARK 6 Saterdag
Snuffelmark
SARL BHF/UHF Digitale kompetisie; Wêreldgesondheidsdag 7 Sondag
8 Maandag
9 Dinsdag
10 Woensdag
11 Donderdag
Internasionale Dag van Menslike Ruimtevlug; SARL Dag van die 12 Vrydag
Radio Amateur, Stellenbosch; Sluitingsdatum vir 80 m QSO logstate
SARL Dag van die Radio Amateur - SARL AJV en Toekennings Dinee, 13 Saterdag
Stellenbosch
Palm Sondag 14 Sondag
Sluitingsdatum vir RaDAR logstate 15 Maandag
17 Woensdag
Wêreld Amateur Radio Dag “Viering van Amateur Radio se bydrae 18 Donderdag
tot die samelewing”; Lush Fees, Clarens (18 tot 21)
Goeie Vrydag; Holyland DX Kompetisie 19 Vrydag
Twee Oseane Marathon; Herfs QRP kompetisie; ZS4SRK Ballon 20 Saterdag
Kompetisie; Holyland DX Kompetisie
Paas Sondag; Pesach; ZS4 Naelloop; Mei RAE registrasie sluit; 21 Sondag
Familie Dag; Aarde Dag; Pesach 22 Maandag
Pesach 23 Dinsdag
Pesach; Sluitingsdatum vir Mei Radio ZS 24 Woensdag
Pesach; HuntEX, Johannesberg (25 tot 28) 25 Donderdag
Pesach; Suidkus Bike Fees, Margate en Plaaskombuisfees, Prins 26 Vrydag
Albert (26 tot 28); Karoo Kosfees, Cradock (26 tot 29)
Vryheidsdag; Pesach 27 Saterdag
28 Sondag
Sluitingsdatum vir QRP kompetisie logstate; Sluitingsdatum vir ZS4 29 Maandag
Naelloop logstate; Sluitingsdatum vir BHF/UHF Digitale logstate;
Afrikaburn, Tankwa Karoo (29 tot 5 Mei)
30 Dinsdag

May/Mei 2019
Worker’s Day 1 Wednesday
2 Thursday
World Press Freedom Day 3 Friday
AWA Valve QSO Party; Riebeeck Valley Olive Festival (4 and 5) 4 Saturday
AWA Valve QSO Party 5 Sunday
Start of Ramadan 6 Monday
7 Tuesday
Time of Remembrance and Reconciliation for Those Who Lost Their 8 Wednesday
Lives during the Second World War
9 Thursday
Ascension Day 10 Friday
Mills on the Air 11 Saturday
Mother’s Day; World Migratory Bird Day; Mills on the Air 12 Sunday
13 Monday
International Day of Families 15 Wednesday
16 Thursday
Dayton Hamvention 17 Friday
May RAE (10:00 to 13:00 CAT) 18 Saturday
Dayton Hamvention
ZS3 Sprint; Dayton Hamvention 19 Sunday
Closing date for AWA Valve QSO Party logs 20 Monday
22 Wednesday
23 Thursday
Closing date for June Radio ZS; Stoep Tasting, Graaff-Reinet (24 and 24 Friday
25)
CQ WPX CW contest 25 Saturday
CQ WPX CW contest 26 Sunday
27 Monday
28 Tuesday
29 Wednesday
Ascension Day 30 Thursday
31 Friday

Junie/June 2019
Wesrand Snuffelmark 1 Saterdag
2 Sondag
Footprints Fees, Morgansbaai (3 tot 5) 3 Maandag
Eid al-Fitr 4 Dinsdag
Wêreld Omgewingsdag 5 Woensdag
6 Donderdag
Wêreld Oseane Dag; Hermanus Fynarts Fees (7 tot 17) 7 Vrydag
SARL BHF/UHF QSO Geselligheid 8 Saterdag
Wêreld Oseane Dag
Pentecost; Comrades Marathon; Hammies Naelloop 9 Sondag
10 Maandag
SARL Raad Skype Vergadering 11 Dinsdag
12 Woensdag
13 Donderdag
Provinsiale skole sluit 14 Vrydag
SARL Jeug Naelloop 15 Saterdag
Jeug Dag; Vaders Dag 16 Sondag
Openbare Vakansie Dag 17 Maandag
Wêreld QRP Dag; Sluitingsdatum vir Hammies logstate
19 Woensdag
SARL Top Band QSO Geselligheid 20 Donderdag
Wintersonstilstand; Ham Radio 2019 in Friedrichshafen; SARL Top 21 Vrydag
Band QSO Geselligheid; Knysna Oesterfees (21 to 30)
Ham Radio 2019 in Friedrichshafen; SARL Top Band QSO 22 Saterdag
Geselligheid; ARRL Velddag; Sluitingsdatum Jeug Naelloop logstate
Ham Radio 2019 in Friedrichshafen; SARL Top Band QSO 23 Sondag
Geselligheid; ARRL Velddag
SARL Top Band QSO Geselligheid 24 Maandag
Sluitingsdatum vir Julie Radio ZS
25 Dinsdag
Innibos Fees, Nelspruit (26 tot 29) 26 Woensdag
27 Donderdag
Kirkwood Wildsfees (28 tot 30) 28 Vrydag
29 Saterdag
Einde van SARL Finansiële Jaar 30 Sondag
Internasionale Asteroïde Dag

July/Julie 2019
Start of SARL Financial Year and Membership payment is due; 1 Monday
Closing date Top Band logs
2 Tuesday
3 Wednesday
4 Thursday
5 Friday
Durban July Horse Race; SARL Newbie QSO Party 6 Saturday
ZS5 Sprint 7 Sunday
Closing date ZS5 Sprint logs 8 Monday
Provincial schools open; SARL Council Skype Meeting 9 Tuesday
10 Wednesday
11 Thursday
Washie 100 Miler 12 Friday
IARU HF Championships; RaDAR Challenge; October RAE 13 Saturday
registration opens; Franschhoek Bastille Festival (13 and 14)
IARU HF Championships 14 Sunday
The Battle of Delville Wood - 15 to 20 July 1916 15 Monday
Closing date Newbie logs
17 Wednesday
18 Thursday
19 Friday
Winter QRP contest 20 Saturday
ZS2 Sprint; Winter Wonderland Festival. Gordon’s Bay (21 to 23 21 Sunday
and 28 to 30)
22 Monday
23 Tuesday
24 Wednesday
Closing date for August Radio ZS 25 Thursday
26 Friday
RSGB Islands on the Air (IOTA) contest 27 Saturday
RSGB Islands on the Air (IOTA) contest 28 Sunday
Closing date for RaDAR logs; Closing date QRP contest logs 29 Monday
Closing date for ZS2 Sprint logs
30 Tuesday
31 Wednesday

Augustus/August 2019
1 Donderdag
2 Vrydag
Pretoria ARK Snuffelmark 3 Saterdag
SARL HF Foon kompetisie 4 Sondag
5 Maandag
6 Dinsdag
7 Woensdag
Klein Karoo Klassique, Oudtshoorn (8 to 11) 8 Donderdag
SA Nasionale Vroue Dag; SARL JD Naelloop 9 Vrydag
SARL Jeug Naelloop (vir Internasionale Jeugdag); WAE DX RTD 10 Saterdag
kompetisie
2019 YOTA Somer Kamp, Sofia, Bulgaria; WAE DX RTD kompetisie 11 Sondag
Internasionale Jeugdag; YOTA Somer Kamp; Sluitingsdatum HF 12 Maandag
Foon logstate
YOTA Somer Kamp; SARL Raad Skype Vergadering 13 Dinsdag
YOTA Somer Kamp 14 Woensdag
YOTA Somer Kamp 15 Donderdag
YOTA Somer Kamp; Sluitingsdatum JD Naelloop logstate 16 Vrydag
Internasionale Vuurtoring en Ligskip Naweek; Sluitingsdatum Jeug 17 Saterdag
Naelloop logstate; YOTA Somer Kamp
Internasionale Vuurtoring en Ligskip Naweek; SARL HF Digitale 18 Sondag
kompetisie
Wêreld Humanitêre Dag 19 Maandag
21 Woensdag
22 Donderdag
Sluitingsdatum vir September Radio ZS 23 Vrydag
24 Saterdag
SARL HF Gelykgolf kompetisie; 25 Sondag
Sluitingsdatum vir HF Digitale logstate 26 Maandag
27 Dinsdag
28 Woensdag
Williston Winter fees (29 tot 31) 29 Donderdag
30 Vrydag
JARL Ham Fair, Tokyo; Islamitiese Nuwe Jaar 31 Saterdag

September 2019
JARL Ham Fair, Tokyo; National Arbour Week starts 1 Sunday
Closing date HF CW logs 2 Monday
3 Tuesday
4 Wednesday
5 Thursday
6 Friday
Region 1 SSB Field Day and RSGB SSB Field Day 7 Saturday
West Rand Flea Market
Region 1 SSB Field Day and RSGB SSB Field Day 8 Sunday
International Literacy Day
9 Monday
11 Wednesday
12 Thursday
13 Friday
National Field Day; Franschhoek Uncorked (14 and 15) 14 Saturday
National Field Day; October RAE registration closes 15 Sunday
World Ozone Day 16 Monday
The Battle of Square Hill - 18 September 1918 18 Wednesday
19 Thursday
Provincial schools close 20 Friday
All Africa contest; SARL VHF/UHF Digital contest 21 Saturday
Railways on the Air
All Africa contest; SARL VHF/UHF Digital contest 22 Sunday
Railways on the Air
Spring Equinox 23 Monday
Closing date for October Radio ZS; Closing date for NFD logs
Heritage Day 24 Tuesday
National Braai Day
25 Wednesday
26 Thursday
World Maritime Day 27 Friday
World Tourism Day
CQ WW RTTY contest 28 Saturday
CQ WW RTTY contest 29 Sunday
Closing date Africa All Mode logs 30 Monday
Rosh Hashana

Oktober/October 2019
Provinsiale skole open; Rosh Hashana 1 Dinsdag
2 Woensdag
80 m QSO Geselligheid 3 Donderdag
4 Vrydag
AWA Buis QSO Geselligheid 5 Saterdag
AWA Buis QSO Geselligheid 6 Sondag
RSGB DX kompetisie
Sluitingsdatum vir BHF/UHF Digitale logstate 7 Maandag
SARL Raad Skype Vergadering 8 Dinsdag
Yom Kippur; Wêreld Pos Dag 9 Woensdag
10 Donderdag
Sluitingsdatum vir 80 m QSO logstate 11 Vrydag
Lente QRP kompetisie 12 Saterdag
13 Sondag
14 Maandag
Wêreldvoedseldag 16 Woensdag
17 Donderdag
Jamboree-op-die-Lug – JOTA 18 Vrydag
Herman Charles Bosman-naweek, Groot Marico (18 tot 20)
Jamboree-op-die-Lug - JOTA; CQ Hou Koers 19 Saterdag
Oktober RAE (10:00 tot 13:00 SAT); Werk Duitsland kompetisie
Jamboree-op-die-Lug – JOTA; Werk Duitsland kompetisie 20 Sondag
Sluitingsdatum vir QRP kompetisie logstate 21 Maandag
Sluitingsdatum vir AWA Buis QSO Geselligheid logstate
22 Dinsdag
23 Woensdag
Verenigde Nasies Dag 24 Donderdag
Sluitingsdatum vir November Radio ZS
25 Vrydag
CQ WW DX ESB kompetisie 26 Saterdag
CQ WW DX ESB kompetisie 27 Sondag
PEARS HF kompetisie; Deepavali
28 Maandag
29 Dinsdag
30 Woensdag
Wêreldstede Dag 31 Donderdag

November 2019
1 Friday
RaDAR Challenge 2 Saturday
Pretoria ARC Flea Market
3 Sunday
4 Monday
5 Tuesday
6 Wednesday
7 Thursday
SARL Council Strategic Meeting, NARC 8 Friday
SARL Council Strategic Meeting, NARC 9 Saturday
SARL VHF/UHF Analogue contest
SARL VHF/UHF Analogue contest 10 Sunday
Remembrance Sunday – 101 years since the end of WW 1 11 Monday
Closing date for RaDAR logs
12 Tuesday
13 Wednesday
World Diabetes Day 14 Thursday
15 Friday
16 Saturday
17 Sunday
Closing date for PEARS HF logs 18 Monday
20 Wednesday
21 Thursday
Closing date for December Radio ZS 22 Friday
SARL Newbie Sprint 23 Saturday
CQ WW DX CW contest
CQ WW DX CW contest 24 Sunday
25 Monday
26 Tuesday
27 Wednesday
28 Thursday
29 Friday
West Rand Flea Market 30 Saturday

Desember/December 2019
YOTA Maand 2019; Wêreld VIGS Dag 1 Sondag
Sluitings datum BHF/UHF Analoog logstate 2 Maandag
Internasionale Dag vir Mense met Gestremdhede 3 Dinsdag
Provinsiale skole sluit 4 Woensdag
5 Donderdag
6 Vrydag
Internasionale Burgerlugvaart Dag 7 Saterdag
ARRL 10 m kompetisie
ARRL 10 m kompetisie 8 Sondag
Sluitingsdatum vir Newbie logstate 9 Maandag
Internasionale Menseregtedag 10 Dinsdag
SARL Council Skype Meeting
Internasionale Berg Dag 11 Woensdag
12 Donderdag
13 Vrydag
Highway ARK Bagasieruim Verkoping en Kersfees Middagete 14 Saterdag
15 Sondag
Dag van Versoening/Geloftedag 16 Maandag
17 Dinsdag
18 Woensdag
19 Donderdag
20 Vrydag
21 Saterdag
Somersonstilstand 22 Sondag
Hanukkah 23 Maandag
Hanukkah 24 Dinsdag
Sluitingsdatum vir Januarie Radio ZS
Kers Dag 25 Woensdag
Hanukkah
Familie Dag 26 Donderdag
Hanukkah
Hanukkah 27 Vrydag
Hanukkah 28 Saterdag
Hanukkah 29 Sondag
Hanukkah 30 Maandag
Einde van 2019 YOTA Maand en CQ DX Marathon 31 Dinsdag

Unmanned Devices
http://www.sarl.org.za/public/local/Unmanned.asp
Unattended stations include all of the following - Analogue Voice repeaters; Digital Voice
repeaters; Digital repeaters; Beacons; Bulletin Board Systems and Node stations which link
two or more of the above
Unattended station licences are generally only issued to recognized radio clubs or
societies. In special circumstances an unattended station licence may be issued to an
individual. In all cases the applicant must already hold a South African amateur radio licence
of a category which covers the proposed station operation. The registered owner individual,
radio club or society will be responsible for operation of the station. This includes technical
operation, interference issues and policing of the behaviour of all users of the station.
All applications for unattended station licences must be made via the SARL office.
Applications sent directly to ICASA will be forwarded to SARL for co-ordination. All new
unattended station applications must be co-ordinated by the SARL band planner and by the
regional band planning committee, where this may exist. New repeater and repeater updates
shall also be co-ordinated by the National Repeater Coordinator of the SARL. This is to ensure
the coverage and usage of the system has been properly planned. A lot of existing repeater
services is underutilized. This means that, where possible, the existing system will get
preference over the proposal of a new installation servicing the same areas. Clubs and
individuals are encouraged to use existing systems better and more often, rather than to
establish more duplicating systems in the same regions.
Beacon applications will be sent to either the HF manager or the VHF/UHF/Microwave
manger, whichever is appropriate. Beacons will also be coordinated with the IARU region 1
Beacon Manager and should operate in accordance to the IARU beacon operation
procedures.
Grid Call Sign Frequency Tone QTH Device

JF95EW ZU9DCN 145,7000 88,5 Constantiaberg, Cape Town 2 m Repeater
JF95KX ZU9DCC 438,3500 Helderberg, Somerset West Digital Voice Rep
JF95KX ZS0DCC 144,8000 Somerset West JF95KX APRS Digi
JF95LV ZU9ACG 145,6000 88,5 Hanskop, Somerset West 2 m Repeater
JF95LV ZU9ECA 434,6500 Hanskop, Somerset West 70 cm Repeater
JF95NO ZU9EBD 145,7250 Onrusberg, Hermanus 2 m Repeater
JF96FB ZS1TWO 144,4350 Cape Town 2 m Beacon
JF96HB ZS1SIX 50,0800 CPUT Belville Campus 6 m Beacon
JF96HE ZU9DCJ 145,7500 Kanonkop, Belville 2 m Repeater
JF96HE ZU9DCM 434,6250 Kanonkop, Belville 70 cm Repeater
JF96JC ZU9DBI 145,5750 Bottelary, Stellenbosch Digital Voice Rep
JF96JC ZU9DMR 438,3000 Bottelary, Stellenbosch Digital Voice Rep
JF96NH ZU9ECB 145,6500 88,5 Hawequa, du Toitskloof, Paarl 2 m Repeater
JF96SA ZU9ACL 145,6750 88,5 Jonaskop, Villiersdorp 2 m Repeater
JF97IC ZU9FCA 145,6250 88,5 Piketberg 2 m Repeater
KF05NX ZU9DBR 145,6500 Klipkop, Riversdale 2 m Repeater
KF07GN ZU9OOR 145,6000 Swaarweersberg, Sutherland 2 m Repeater
KF15AT ZU9HCJ 145,6000 Water Tower, Danabaai 2 m Repeater
KF15MW ZU9DJ 145,6750 Brenton Heights, Knysna 2 m Repeater
KF16FB ZU9HCM 145,7000 George Peak, George 2 m Repeater
KF16OC ZU9ICD 145,7750 Buffelsnek, Plettenburg Bay 2 m Repeater

KF25FX ZU9JCC 145,7250 Kareedouw 2 m Repeater
KF26LK ZU9JCQ 145,6000 Tierhoekberg, Cockscomb 2 m Repeater
KF26NE ZU9KDB 145,6250 Longmore, Hankey 2 m Repeater
KF26NE ZS0KDB 434,8000 Hankey APRS Digi
KF26PC ZS0NTP 144,6250 Lady's Slipper, Port Elizabeth Packet BBS
KF26PC ZU9KCD 145,7000 Witteklip, Lady's Slipper 2 m Repeater
KF26RF ZU9JCR 145,6750 Signal Hill, Uitenhage 2 m Repeater
KF26RF ZS0UTE 434,8750 Signal Hill, Uitenhage Packet BBS
KF26SA ZU9KDL 145,7750 Theescombe, Port Elizabeth 2 m Repeater
KF26TA ZU9KDK 438,6500 Fedlife Building, Port Elizabeth 70 cm Repeater
KF26TA ZS2VHF 144,4100 Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2 m Beacon
Port Elizabeth
KF26TA ZS2SIX 50,0050 Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 6 m Beacon
Port Elizabeth
KF26TA ZU9KDJ 145,6500 SAPS Building, Port Elizabeth 2 m Repeater
KF26TB ZS0KDK 57000000 Mount Road SAPS, Port Elizabeth Other Repeater
KF26TB ZS0KDJ 434,8000 Port Elizabeth APRS Digi
KF27SQ ZU9KGK 145,6500 Brandhoek, Cradock 2 m Repeater
KF28LQ ZU9JIQ 145,6000 Noupoort 2 m Repeater
KF29MF ZU9KJB 438,6750 Platberg, Colesburg 70 cm Repeater
KF36IR ZS0GHT 144,6750 Governorskop, Grahamstown Packet Node
KF36IR ZU9LDN 145,7500 Governorskop, Grahamstown 2 m Repeater
KF37PH ZU9MEE 145,6250 Mt Kempt, King William's Town 2 m Repeater
KF37VB ZU9MDR 145,6500 Sentech Tower, Nahoon Dam, East London 2 m Repeater
KF37WA ZU9MDS 145,7750 Frere Hospital, East London 2 m Repeater
KF37WA ZU9MFP 438,6500 Vincent Park Center, East London 70 cm Repeater
KF47CT ZU9MEF 145,7250 Butterworth 2 m Repeater
KF59CA ZU9PIL 145,7750 88,5 Panpack, Port Edward 2 m Repeater
KF59CE ZU9PNN 145,7375 88,5 Elim, Paddock 2 m Repeater
KF59HR ZU9OVR 145,7125 88,5 Vernon Crookes, Scottsburgh 2 m Repeater
KF96JP ZS0DZ 144,8000 Riebeeck West APRS Digi
KG11NW ZU9MSF 145,7750 Lohatlha 2 m Repeater
KG12PO ZU9PTC 145,7500 Kuruman 2 m Repeater
KG21JG ZU9ACM 145,6250 Trust Bank Building, Kimberely 2 m Repeater
KG30CV ZU9ABM 145,6000 Naval Hill, Bloemfontein 2 m Repeater
KG30QT ZU9MLI 145,7750 Delft Farm, Ladybrand 2 m Repeater
KG32IA ZS4ZK 145,7500 Old Provincial Nurses Home, Welkom 2 m Repeater
KG32ON ZU9MPE 145,6625 88,5 Renosterberg, Kroonstad 2 m Repeater
KG33BU ZS0TFK 144,5500 Lichtenburg Packet BBS
KG33CU ZU9LRF 145,7000 Lafarge Cement Factory, Lichtenburg 2 m Repeater
KG33IE ZU9LQM 438,7750 88,5 Doringkruin Reservoir, Klerksdorp 70 cm Repeater
KG33IE ZU9LQN 145,7750 Doringkruin Reservoir, Klerksdorp 2 m Repeater
KG33IE ZS0KLK 144,8000 Klerksdorp APRS Digi
KG33LF ZU9PKN 438,8750 Britzkop, Potchefstroom 70 cm Repeater
KG33LF ZU9MQA 145,7375 Britzkop, Potchestroom 2 m Repeater
KG33NE ZU9LPA 438,9000 88,5 Hartebeesfontein 70 cm Repeater
KG33WE ZS0APS 57200000 Sasol F block, Sasolburg Other Repeater
KG33WE ZS0SBW 58200000 Sasol F block, Sasolburg Other Repeater
KG33WE ZU9MQR 145,6000 Sasolburg 2 m Repeater
KG33WF ZS0TRG 438,0500 Sasolburg APRS Digi
KG33WU ZU9MRO 439,0000 Wilropark Water Tower, Roodepoort 70 cm Repeater
KG33WU ZU9MRR 145,6250 Wilropark, Roodepoort 2 m Repeater
KG33XU ZU9NRI 438,6500 88,5 Marble Tower, Johannesburg 70 cm Repeater

KG33XU T16102325 438,3000 CC1 Digital Voice Rep
KG33XU ZS0HTN 144,8000 Roodepoort APRS Digi
KG34NJ ZU9MSE 145,7625 88,5 Rustenberg 2 m Repeater
KG34XF ZU9MSQ 145,7500 Visserhoerk, Pretoria 2 m Repeater
KG34XH ZS0DLD 144,6750 Vissershoek, Pretoria Packet BBS
KG38JG ZU9LHN 145,7000 Mt Shepstone, Queenstown 2 m Repeater
KG40RC ZS0PUR 145,7875 Kilmun Farm, Underberg 2 m Repeater
KG40XV ZU9OLR 145,7000 Griffin's Hill, Escourt 2 m Repeater
KG41DS ZS4ZU 145,6750 Bethlehem 2 m Repeater
KG41NR ZS4ZL 145,6500 Platberg, Harrismith 2 m Repeater
KG41VK ZU9OMO 145,7250 Ladysmith 2 m Repeater
KG42KM ZU9MQS 145,6250 88,5 Leeukop, Vrede 2 m Repeater
KG43AT ZU9NRH 145,6500 Berea, Johannesburg 2 m Repeater
KG43AT ZU9PTB 438,2000 Berea, Plumridge, Johannesburg Digital Voice Rep
KG43AT ZS0GBW 57700000 Berea, Plumridge, Johannesburg Other Repeater
KG43AT ZU9HVB 145,7875 Johannesburg 2 m Repeater
KG43AT ZS0JHB 438,0500 Johannesburg CBD APRS Digi
KG43AV ZS0AAA 144,6750 Swaershoek, Cradock Packet Node
KG43AW ZU9NRB 145,7000 Bryanston Water Tower, Sandton 2 m Repeater
KG43AW ZU9NRC 438,8000 Bryanston Water Tower, Sandton 70 cm Repeater
KG43BI T15031504 438,2250 Brakfontein MWT, Vereenigning Digital Voice Rep
KG43BI ZS0BGW 57100000 Brakfontein Site, Vereeniging Other Repeater
KG43BI ZU9MQQ 145,6375 Brakfontein, Vereeniging 2 m Repeater
KG43BT ZS0BHM 23220000 Dawnview water reservoir Other Repeater
KG43BT ZU9NRL 145,6125 Primrose Hill, Germiston 2 m Repeater
KG43CT ZS0BLV 23120000 Sunnyridge water tower Other Repeater
KG43CW ZU9PKR 145,6625 88,5 Birchleigh, Kempton Park 2 m Repeater
KG43CW ZU9NRA 438,9250 88,5 Birchleigh, Kempton Park 70 cm Repeater
KG43DU ZS0HWK 23320000 Benoni water tower Other Repeater
KG43EM ZU9NJR 438,9750 88,5 Sentech, Heidelberg 70 cm Repeater
KG43EM ZS0ERB 144,6000 Heidelberg APRS Digi
KG43ER ZS0RBG 23220000 Old water tower, Brakpan Other Repeater
KG43ER ZU9NRG 145,6750 Witpoort, Brakpan 2 m Repeater
KG43ET ZU9RIF 438,6750 Kruger Straat Kooperasie, Sundra 70 cm Repeater
KG43GT ZU9RIE 145,6125 Kruger Straat Kooperasie, Sundra 2 m Repeater
KG43NK ZS0SRC 144,8000 Secunda APRS Digi
KG43OA ZU9NRE 145,7000 Standerkop, Standerton 2 m Repeater
KG43OL ZS0SCA 144,6250 QTH of ZS6GC, Secunda Packet BBS
KG43OM ZU9OQF 145,7125 88,5 Mitton & Knipe, Trichardtsfontein 2 m Repeater
KG43OM ZU9ARS 438,9500 Mitton & Knipe, Trichardtsfontein 70 cm Repeater
KG44BF ZU9KWD 438,7250 88,5 CSIR Telecommunications Tower, Pretoria 70 cm Repeater
KG44BG ZU9SAB 438,8500 88,5 Danville Ext 5, Pretoria 70 cm Repeater
KG44BH ZU9NSD 438,8250 88,5 Webb Midrand High School, Midrand 70 cm Repeater
KG44CF ZU9NSH 145,7750 Keevykop, Pretoria 2 m Repeater
KG44CF ZU9CEN 439,0500 Keevykop, Pretoria 70 cm Repeater
KG44CF ZU9NSE 145,7250 Radcliffe, Pretoria 2 m Repeater
KG44CF ZU9OSE 145,7250 Radcliffe, Pretoria 2 m Repeater
KG44CH ZU9NSF 439,0250 88,5 Wonderboom Webb, Pretoria 70 cm Repeater
KG44DC ZU9NTA 438,7750 70 cm Repeater
KG44DF ZS0JDE 14,0867 Lynnwood, Pretoria Packet BBS
KG44DH ZU9PTA 29,6900 88,5 Waverley Kop, Pretoria 10 m Repeater
KG44DH ZU9IPH 52,7500 Waverley Kop, Pretoria 6 m Repeater
KG44DH ZU9MSP 438,7500 Waverley Kop, Pretoria 70 cm Repeater

Grid Call SignFrequency Tone QTH Device
KG44OC ZU9CRA 145,6875 Witbank Water Tower 2 m Repeater
KG44OC ZU9CRB 438,8750 Witbank Water Tower 70 cm Repeater
KG44QE ZS0MOT 145,7375 Sentech, Middelburg, MP 2 m Repeater
KG44VW ZU9OTL 145,7625 Monsterlus, Perdekop 2 m Repeater
KG45OT ZU9OVE 145,6000 Rusland, Potgietersrus 2 m Repeater
KG45OV ZU9OVQ 145,7875 88,5 Yestrberg, Mokopane 2 m Repeater
KG46XA ZU9PWA 145,7000 Ysterkroon, Haenertsberg/Tzaneen 2 m Repeater
KG46XA ZS6TLB 438,7000 Ysterkroon, Haenertsberg/Tzaneen 70 cm Repeater
KG47LI ZU9PWB 145,6500 Kraaifontein, Alldays 2 m Repeater
KG47XB T-2014112 145,300/ Witvlag, Loius Trichardt 2 m/70 cm Rep
438,700
KG49QV ZU9MOK 145,7250 88,5 Kilrush Farm, Underberg 2 m Repeater
KG50DK ZS5SIX 50,3210 Groenekloof, Hilton 6 m Beacon
KG50DK ZU9PLD 145,6625 88,5 Hilton 2 m Repeater
KG50DK ZU9PKF 145,7500 88,5 World's View, Pietermaritzburg 2 m Repeater
KG50DK T16102315 438,2250 World's View, Pietermaritzburg Digital Voice Rep
KG50FX ZS0GYT 144,8000 Greytown APRS Digi
KG50JF ZS5Z 145,0250 Durban IRLP/Echolink
KG50LD T-20141127 439,0250 Ridge Road, Durban 70 cm Repeater
KG50MB ZS0SPF 144,6750 Bluff, Durban Packet BBS
KG50MB ZU9PKP 145,6500 Woodlands Water Tower, Durban 2 m Repeater
KG50MG ZU9QKB 145,7250 Durban North Water Tower 2 m Repeater
KG50UF ZS5KZN 145,0250 Kloof Durban IRLP/Echolink
KG50VE ZU9PKL 145,6250 88,5 Kloof, Durban 2 m Repeater
KG51PD ZU9QMF 145,6750 Ntumeni Sentech, Eshowe 2 m Repeater
KG51WP ZU9QMM 145,7000 Matshana Escom, Empangeni 2 m Repeater
KG52JG ZU9PKM 145,7750 88,5 Vryheid 2 m Repeater
KG53DK ZU9PNE 145,7500 Ermelo 2 m Repeater
KG54CK ZU9ORQ 145,6625 Maraiskop, Dullstroom 2 m Repeater
KG54JK ZU9LMR 145,6750 Bakenkop, Kaapsehoop 2 m Repeater
KG54NL ZS6SJV 50,0700 Witkop, Nelspruit 6 m Beacon
KG55KK ZU9LNF 145,7125 77,0 Mariepskop, Hoedspruit 2 m Repeater
KG64RD ZU9OWP 144,4800 Ivydale Plots, Polokwane 2 m Beacon
KG64RD ZS6TWB 50,0440 Ivydale Plots, Polokwane 6 m Beacon
KG64RD ZS6UHF 432,9000 Ivydale Plots, Polokwane 70 cm Beacon
The South African Maritime Mobile Net
The South African Maritime Net operates 7

days a week and provides weather reports
from around the coast and maintains
contact with boats off the coast of South
Africa and up into the Mozambique
channel. There are two regular schedule
times as follows:
06:30 UTC - starts on 14 316 kHz for 5 to 10

minutes and then moves to 7 120 kHz and
11:30 UTC - starts on 14 316 kHz for approximately 30 minutes and then moves to 7 120 kHz.

WAZ Zone/Country/Entities List
Zone 1. North-western Zone of North America: KL (Alaska), VY1 Yukon, VE8 the Northwest
and VY0 Nunavut Territories west of 102 degrees (Includes the islands of Victoria, Banks,
Melville and Prince Patrick).
Zone 2. North-eastern Zone of North America: VO2 (Labrador), the portion of VE2 Quebec
north of the 50th parallel and Nunavut Territories east of 102 degrees (Includes the islands of
King Christian, King William, Prince of Wales, Somerset, Bathurst, Devon, Ellesmere, Baffin
and the Melville and Boothia Peninsulas, excluding Akimiski Island, Bear Islands and East Pen
Island in Hudson Bay).
Zone 3. Western Zone of North America: VE7 (British Columbia), W6 and the W7 states of
Arizona, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah and Washington.
Zone 4. Central Zone of North America: VE3 (Ontario), VE4 (Manitoba), VE5 (Saskatchewan),
VE6 (Alberta), VY0 Akimiski Island and Bear Islands and Fox Island and East Pen Island in
Hudson Bay. The W7 states of Montana and Wyoming, W0, W9, W8 (except West Virginia),
W5 and the W4 states of Alabama, Tennessee and Kentucky.
Zone 5. Eastern Zone of North America: 4U1UN, CY9 (St. Paul Island), CY0 (Sable Island), FP
(St. Pierre Miquelon), VE1 (Nova Scotia) and VE9 (New Brunswick), VY2 (Prince Edward Island),
VO1 (Newfoundland) and the portion of VE2 Quebec south of the 50th parallel. VP9
(Bermuda), W1, W2, W3 and the W4 states of Florida, Georgia, South Carolina, North
Carolina, Virginia and the W8 state of West Virginia.
Zone 6. Southern Zone of North America: XE (Mexico), XF4 (Revilla Gigedo).
Zone 7. Central American Zone: FO (Clipperton), HK0 (San Andres Island), HP (Panama), HR
(Honduras), TG (Guatemala), TI (Costa Rica), TI9 (Cocos Island), V3 (Belize), YN (Nicaragua)
and YS (El Salvador).

Zone 8. West Indies Zone: C6 (Bahamas), CO (Cuba), FG (Guadeloupe), FJ (St. Barts), FM
(Martinique), FS (Saint Martin), HH (Haiti), HI (Dominican Republic), J3 (Grenada), J6 (St.
Lucia), J7 (Dominica), J8 (St. Vincent), KG4 (Guantanamo Base), KP1 (Navassa Island), KP2
Virgin Islands),KP4 (Puerto Rico), KP5 (Navassa Island), PJ5 (Eustatius), PJ6 (Saba), PJ7 (Sint
Maarten), V2 (Antigua and Barbuda), V4 (St. Kitts and Nevis), VP2E (Anguilla), VP2M
(Montserrat), VP2V (British Virgin Island), VP5 (Turks and Caicos Island), YV0 (Aves Island), ZF
(Cayman Island), 6Y (Jamaica) and 8P (Barbados).
Zone 9. Northern Zone of South America: FY (French Guyana), HK (Colombia), HK0 (Malpelo
Island), PJ2 (Curacao), PJ4 (Bonaire), PZ (Surinam), YV (Venezuela), 8R (Guiana), P4 Aruba and
9Y (Trinidad and Tobago Island).
Zone 10. Western Zone of South America: CP (Bolivia), HC (Ecuador), HC8 (Galapagos Island)
and OA (Peru).
Zone 11. Central Zone of South America: PY (Brazil), PY0 (Fernando de Noronha, PY0 (St.
Peter and Paul Rocks) and PY0 Trinidad Martin Vaz, ZP (Paraguay).
Zone 12. Southwest Zone of South America: CE (Chile), CE0 (Easter Island), CE0 (Juan
Fernandez Island), CE0 (San Felix Island), 3Y (Peter I) and some Antarctic stations (see notes
below).
Zone 13. Southeast Zone of South America: CX (Uruguay), LU (Argentina),

VP8 Falklands, VP8 South Georgia, VP8 South Orkney, VP8 South Shetlands, VP8 South
Sandwich and some Antarctic stations (see notes below)
Zone 14. Western Zone of Europe: C3 (Andorra), CT (Portugal), CU (Azores Island), DL

(Germany), EA (Spain), EA6 (Balearic Island), El (Ireland), F (France), G (England), GD (Isle of
Man), GI (Northern Ireland), GJ (Jersey), GM (Scotland), GU (Guernsey), GW (Wales), HB
(Switzerland), HB0 (Liechtenstein), LA (Norway), LX (Luxembourg), ON (Belgium), OY (Faroe
Island), OZ (Denmark), PA (Netherlands), SM (Sweden), ZB (Gibraltar), 3A (Monaco) and
4U1ITU (ITU, Geneva).
Zone 15. Central European Zone: E7 (Bosnia Herzegovina), ES (Estonia), HA (Hungary), HV

(Vatican), I (Italy), IS0 (Sardinia), LY (Lithuania), OE (Austria), OH (Finland), OH0 (Aland Island),
OJ0 (Market Reef), OK (Czech Rep.), OM (Slovakia), S5 (Slovenia), SP (Poland), T7 (San Marino),
TK (Corsica), UA2, F, K, RA2, UB2 - UI2 (Kaliningrad), YL (Latvia), YU (Serbia), ZA (Albania), Z3
(Macedonia), 1A0 (SMOM), 4O (Montenegro), 9A (Croatia), 9H (Malta).
Zone 16. Eastern Zone of Europe: EW (Belarus), ER (Moldova), UA1, UA2 (except for RA2 and
UA2 - UI2), UA3, UA4, UA5, UA6, UA7, UA9, UA9 (S, T, W) and UR (Ukraine).
Zone 17. Western Zone of Siberia: EX (Kirgizstan), EY (Tajikistan), EZ (Turkmenistan), UA8, 9
(A, B, C, D, F, G, J. K, L, M, N, Q, R, X), UK (Uzbekistan), UN (Kazakhstan).
Zone 18. Central Siberian Zone: UA8, 9 (H, I, O, P, U, V, Y, Z) and UAO (A, B, H, O, R, S, T, U, V,
W)

Zone 19. Eastern Siberian Zone: UA0 (C, D, F, I, J, K, L, Q, X, Z)
Zone 20. Balkan Zone: E4 (Palestine), JY (Jordan), LZ (Bulgaria), OD (Lebanon), SV (Greece),

SV/A (Mt. Athos), SV5 (Dodecanese), SV9 (Crete), TA (Turkey), YK (Syria), YO (Romania), ZC4
(UK Sov. Base), 4X (Israel) and 5B (Cyprus).
Zone 21. Southwestern Zone of Asia: A4 (Oman), A6 (United Arab Emirates), A7 (Qatar), A9
(Bahrain), AP (Pakistan), EK (Armenia), EP (Iran), HZ (Saudi Arabia), YA (Afghanistan), YI (Iraq),
4J (Azerbaijan), 4L (Georgia), 7O (excluding Socotra I. and Abd al Kuri Island) and 9K (Kuwait).
Zone 22. Southern Zone of Asia: A5 (Bhutan), S2 (Bangladesh), VU (India), VU (Lakshadweep

Island), 4S (Sri Lanka), 8Q (Maldives.) and 9N (Nepal).
Zone 23. Central Zone of Asia: JT (Mongolia), UA0Y, BY3G L (NeiMenggu), BY9G L (GanSu),
BY9M R (NingXia), BY9S Z (QingHai) and BY0.
Zone 24. Eastern Zone of Asia: BV9P (Pratas Island), BV (Taiwan), BY1, BY2, BY3A F (TianJin),
BY3M R (HeBei), BY3S - X (ShanXi), BY4, BY5, BY6, BY7, BY8, BY9A F (ShaanXi), VR (Hong Kong)
and XX (Macau).
Zone 25. Japanese Zone: HL (South Korea), JA (Japan) and P5 (North Korea).
Zone 26. South-eastern Zone of Asia: * (Paracel Islands), 3W (Vietnam), E2 (Thailand), VU

(Andaman and Nicobar Islands), XU (Cambodia), XW (Laos), XZ (Myanmar) and 1S/9M0
(Spratly Islands)
Zone 27. Philippine Zone: BS7 (Scarborough Reef), DU (Philippines), JD1 (Minami Torishima),
JD1 (Ogasawara), T8 (Palau), KH2 (Guam), KH0 (Mariana Island), V6 (Fed. States of
Micronesia).
Zone 28. Indonesian Zone: H4 (Solomon Island), P2 (Papua New Guinea), V8 (Brunei), YB
(Indonesia), 4W (East Timor), 9M (West and East Malaysia) and 9V (Singapore).
Zone 29. Western Zone of Australia: VK6 (Western Australia), VK8 (Northern Territory), VK9X
(Christmas Island), VK9C (Cocos Keeling Island) and some Antarctic stations (see notes below)
Zone 30. Eastern Zone of Australia: FK/C (Chesterfield Island), VK1 (Capital Territory), VK2
(New South Wales), VK3 (Victoria) and VK4 (Queensland), VK5 (South Australia), VK7
(Tasmania), VK9L (Lord Howe Island), VK9M (Mellish Reef), VK9 (Willis Island), VK0M
(Macquarie Island) and some Antarctic stations (see notes below).
Zone 31. Central Pacific Zone: C2 (Nauru), FO (Marquesas), KH1 (Baker Howland Island), KH3
(Johnson Island), KH4 (Midway Island), KH5K (Kingman Reef), KH5 (Palmyra Jarvis), KH6
(Hawaii), KH7K (Kure), KH9 (Wake Is), T2 (Tuvalu), T30 (Western Kiribati), T31 (Central Kiribati)
and T32 (Eastern Kiribati), T33 (Bananba Is), V7 (Marshall Island) and ZK3 (Tokelau)

Zone 32. New Zealand Zone: A3 (Tonga), E5 (North and South Cook Island) FK New Caledonia
but NOT Chesterfield Island), FO (French Polynesia and Austral Island but NOT Marquesas and
Clipperton),FW (Wallis Island), H40 (Temotu), KH8 (American Samoa), KH8S (Swains), VK9N
(Norfolk Island), VP6 (Pitcairn and Ducie), YJ (Vanuatu), ZK2 (Niue Island), ZL (New Zealand),
ZL7 (Chatham Island), ZL8 (Kermadec Island), ZL9 (Auckland and Campbell Island), 3D2 (Fiji,
Rotuma and Conway Reef), 5W(Western Samoa) and some Antarctic stations (see notes
below).
Zone 33. North-western Zone of Africa: CN (Morocco), CT3 (Madeira Is), EA8 (Canary Island),
EA9 (Ceuta and/or Melilla), IG9 (Pelagic Island), IH9 IG9 (Pantelleria Island or Pelagic Islands),
S0 (Western Sahara), 3V (Tunisia) and 7X (Algeria).
Zone 34. North-eastern Zone of Africa: ST (Sudan), SU (Egypt), Z8 (South Sudan) and 5A
(Libya).
Zone 35. Central Zone of Africa: C5 (The Gambia), D4 (Cape Verde Island), EL (Liberia), J5
(Guinea Bissau), TU (Cote d'Ivoire), TY (Benin), TZ (Mali), XT (Burkina Faso), 3X (Guinea), 5N
(Nigeria), 5T (Mauritania), 5U (Niger), 5V (Togo), 6W (Senegal), 9G (Ghana) and 9L (Sierra
Leone).
Zone 36. Equatorial Zone of Africa: D2 (Angola), S9 (Sao Tome Principe), TJ (Cameroon), TL
(Central African Rep.), TN (Congo), TR (Gabon), TT (Chad), ZD7 (St. Helena Island), ZD8
(Ascension Island), 3C (Equatorial Guinea), 3C0 (Annobon Island), 9J (Zambia), 9Q (Democratic
Rep. of Congo), 9U (Burundi) and 9X (Rwanda).
Zone 37. Eastern Zone of Africa: C9 (Mozambique), ET (Ethiopia), E3 (Eritrea), J2 (Djibouti),

T5 (Somalia), 5H (Tanzania), 5X (Uganda), 5Z (Kenya), 7O (Socotra and Abd al Kuri islands
ONLY) and 7Q (Malawi).
Zone 38. South African Zone: A2 (Botswana), V5 (Namibia), ZD9 (Tristan da Cunha Gough
Island), Z2 (Zimbabwe), ZS (South Africa) and ZS8 (Marion Is), 3DA (Swaziland), 3Y (Bouvet
Island), 7P (Lesotho) and some Antarctic stations (see notes below)
Zone 39. Madagascar Zone: D6 (Comoros), FH (Mayotte), FR (Reunion),FT-G (Glorioso), FT-

J&E (Juan de Nova and Europa), FT-T (Tromelin), FT W (Crozet Island), FT-X (Kerguelen Island),
FT Z (Amsterdam St. Paul Island), S7 (Seychelles), VK0 (Heard Island), VQ9 (Chagos), 3B6/7
(Agalega St. Brandon Island), 3B8 (Mauritius Island), 3B9 (Rodriguez Island), 5R (Madagascar)
and some Antarctic stations (see notes below)
Zone 40. North Atlantic Zone: JW (Svalbard), JX (Jan Mayen), OX (Greenland), RI1FJ (Franz
Josef Land) and TF (Iceland).
(*) The Paracel Islands have no official or unofficial prefix

Antarctic notes: The boundaries of CQ zones 12, 13, 29, 30, 32, 38 and 39 converge at the
South Pole. Stations KC4AAA and KC4USN are at the South Pole and will count for any one of
the listed zones. Most Antarctic stations indicate their zone on the QSL card.

ARRL DXCC List - Current Entities
January 2018 Edition
Current Entities Total: 340 (entry level Honour Roll is 331 current entities)
Effective 2 April 2012, DXCC Card Checkers can check all current and deleted entities on the
DXCC List. Also, only approved DXCC Card Checkers can check 160 metres. For the list of
approved 160 Meter card checkers visit: http://www.arrl.org/160-meter-card-checkers
Notes:
* Indicates current list of entities for which QSLs may be forwarded by the ARRL membership
Outgoing QSL Service.
# Indicates entities with which US Amateurs may legally handle third-party message traffic.
AAA – All Africa Award
Prefix Entity Continent ITU Zone CQ Zone AAA

(1)
Spratly Island AS 50 26
1A (1) Sovereign Military Order of Malta EU 28 15
3A * Monaco EU 27 14
3B6, 7 Agalega and St. Brandon Island AF 53 39
3B8 Mauritius AF 53 39
3B9 Rodrigues Island AF 53 39
3C Equatorial Guinea AF 47 36
3C0 Annobon Island AF 52 36
3D2 * Fiji OC 56 32
3D2 * Conway Reef OC 56 32
3D2 * Rotuma Island OC 56 32
3DA # Swaziland AF 57 38
3V * Tunisia AF 37 33
3W, XV Viet Nam AS 49 26
3X Guinea AF 46 35
3Y * Bouvet AF 67 38
3Y * Peter 1 Island AN 72 12
4J, 4K Azerbaijan AS 29 21
4L * Georgia AS 29 21
4O (47) * Montenegro EU 28 15
4S * Sri Lanka AS 41 22
4U_ITU # * ITU HQ EU 28 14
4U_UN * United Nations HQ NA 8 5
4W (44) Timor-Leste OC 54 28
4X, 4Z # * Israel AS 39 20
5A Libya AF 38 34
5B, C4, P3 * Cyprus AS 39 20
5H, 5I * Tanzania AF 53 37
5N * Nigeria AF 46 35
5R Madagascar AF 53 39
5T (2) Mauritania AF 46 35
5U (3) Niger AF 46 35
5V Togo AF 46 35
5W * Samoa OC 62 32
5X * Uganda AF 48 37
5Y, 5Z * Kenya AF 48 37
6V, 6W (4) * Senegal AF 46 35
6Y # * Jamaica NA 11 8

7O (5) Yemen AS 39 21
7P Lesotho AF 57 38
7Q Malawi AF 53 37
7T - 7Y * Algeria AF 37 33
8P * Barbados NA 11 8
8Q Maldives AS, AF 41 22
8R # * Guyana SA 12 9
9A (6) * Croatia EU 28 15
9G (7) # * Ghana AF 46 35
9H * Malta EU 28 15
9I, 9J * Zambia AF 53 36
9K * Kuwait AS 39 21
9L # Sierra Leone AF 46 35
9M2, 4 (8) * West Malaysia AS 54 28
9M6, 8 (8) * East Malaysia OC 54 28
9N Nepal AS 42 22
9Q - 9T * Democratic Republic of the Congo AF 52 36
9U (9) Burundi AF 52 36
9V (10) * Singapore AS 54 28
9X (9) Rwanda AF 52 36
9Y, 9Z # * Trinidad and Tobago SA 11 9
A2 * Botswana AF 57 38
A3 Tonga OC 62 32
A4 * Oman AS 39 21
A5 Bhutan AS 41 22
A6 United Arab Emirates AS 39 21
A7 * Qatar AS 39 21
A9 * Bahrain AS 39 21
AP * Pakistan AS 41 21
B* China AS (A) 23/24
BS7 (11) Scarborough Reef AS 50 27
BU - BX * Taiwan AS 44 24
BV9P (12) Pratas Island AS 44 24
C2 Nauru OC 65 31
C3 * Andorra EU 27 14
C5 # The Gambia AF 46 35
C6 Bahamas NA 11 8
C8, C9 * Mozambique AF 53 37
CA - CE # * Chile SA 14/16 12
CE0 # * Easter Island SA 63 12
CE0 # * Juan Fernandez Island SA 14 12
CE0 # * San Felix and San Ambrosio SA 14 12
CE9/KC4^ * Antarctica AN (B) (C)
CM, CO # * Cuba NA 11 8
CN Morocco AF 37 33
CP # * Bolivia SA 12/14 10
CT * Portugal EU 37 14
CT3 * Madeira Island AF 36 33
CU * Azores EU 36 14
CV - CX # * Uruguay SA 14 13
CY0 * Sable Island NA 9 5
CY9 * St. Paul Island NA 9 5
D2, D3 Angola AF 52 36

D4 Cape Verde AF 46 35
D6 # * (13) Comoros AF 53 39
DA - DR (14) * Federal Republic of Germany EU 28 14
DU - DZ, 4D - 4I # * Philippines OC 50 27
E3 (15) Eritrea AF 48 37
E4 (43) Palestine AS 39 20
E5 North Cook Island OC 62 32
E5 South Cook Island OC 62 32
E6 * Niue OC 62 32
E7 (29) # * Bosnia - Herzegovina EU 28 15
EA - EH * Spain EU 37 14
EA6 - EH6 * Balearic Island EU 37 14
EA8 - EH8 * Canary Island AF 36 33
EA9 - EH9 * Ceuta and Melilla AF 37 33
EI, EJ * Ireland EU 27 14
EK * Armenia AS 29 21
EL # * Liberia AF 46 35
EP, EQ * Iran AS 40 21
ER * Moldova EU 29 16
ES * Estonia EU 29 15
ET * Ethiopia AF 48 37
EU - EW * Belarus EU 29 16
EX * Kyrgyzstan AS 30/31 17
EY * Tajikistan AS 30 17
EZ * Turkmenistan AS 30 17
F* France EU 27 14
FG, TO * Guadeloupe NA 11 8
FH, TO (13) * Mayotte AF 53 39
FJ, TO (49) * Saint Barthelemy NA 11 8
FK, TX * New Caledonia OC 56 32
FK, TX (45) Chesterfield Island OC 56 30
FM, TO * Martinique NA 11 8
FO, TO (16) * Austral Island OC 63 32
FO, TX * Clipperton Island NA 10 7
FO, TX * French Polynesia OC 63 32
FO, TX (16) * Marquesas Island OC 63 31
FP * St. Pierre and Miquelon NA 9 5
FR, TO * Reunion Island AF 53 39
FT/G, TO (17) * Glorioso Island AF 53 39
FT/J, E, TO (17) * Juan de Nova, Europa AF 53 39
FT/T, TO * Tromelin Island AF 53 39
FS, TO * Saint Martin NA 11 8
FT/W * Crozet Island AF 68 39
FT/X * Kerguelen Island AF 68 39
FT/Z * Amsterdam and St. Paul Island AF 68 39
FW * Wallis and Futuna Island OC 62 32
FY * French Guiana SA 12 9
G, GX, M * England EU 27 14
GD, GT * Isle of Man EU 27 14
GI, GN * Northern Ireland EU 27 14
GJ, GH * Jersey EU 27 14
GM, GS * Scotland EU 27 14
GU, GP * Guernsey EU 27 14

GW, GC * Wales EU 27 14
H4 * Solomon Island OC 51 28
H40 (18) * Temotu Province OC 51 32
HA, HG * Hungary EU 28 15
HB * Switzerland EU 28 14
HB0 * Liechtenstein EU 28 14
HC, HD # * Ecuador SA 12 10
HC8, HD8 # * Galapagos Island SA 12 10
HH # Haiti NA 11 8
HI # * Dominican Republic NA 11 8
HJ, HK, 5J, 5K # * Colombia SA 12 9
HK0 # * Malpelo Island SA 12 9
HK0 # * San Andres and Providencia NA 11 7
HL, 6K - 6N * Republic of Korea AS 44 25
HO, HP # * Panama NA 11 7
HQ, HR # * Honduras NA 11 7
HS, E2 * Thailand AS 49 26
HV Vatican EU 28 15
HZ * Saudi Arabia AS 39 21
I* Italy EU 28 15/33
IS0, IM0 * Sardinia EU 28 15
J2 * Djibouti AF 48 37
J3 # * Grenada NA 11 8
J5 Guinea - Bissau AF 46 35
J6 # * St. Lucia NA 11 8
J7 # * Dominica NA 11 8
J8 # St. Vincent NA 11 8
JA - JS, 7J - 7N * Japan AS 45 25
JD1 (19) * Minami Torishima OC 90 27
JD1 (20) * Ogasawara AS 45 27
JT - JV * Mongolia AS 32/33 23
JW * Svalbard EU 18 40
JX * Jan Mayen EU 18 40
JY # * Jordan AS 39 20
K, W, N, AA - AK # United States of America NA 06 – 08 03 – 05
KG4 # Guantanamo Bay NA 11 8
KH0 # Mariana Island OC 64 27
KH1 # Baker and Howland Island OC 61 31
KH2 # * Guam OC 64 27
KH3 # * Johnston Island OC 61 31
KH4 # Midway Island OC 61 31
KH5 # Palmyra and Jarvis Island OC 61/62 31
KH6, 7 # * Hawaii OC 61 31
KH7K # Kure Island OC 61 31
KH8 # * American Samoa OC 62 32
KH8 (48) # * Swains Island OC 62 32
KH9 # Wake Island OC 65 31
KL, AL, NL, WL # * Alaska NA 01/02 01
KP1 # Navassa Island NA 11 8
KP2 # * Virgin Island NA 11 8
KP3, 4 # * Puerto Rico NA 11 8
KP5 (22) # Desecheo Island NA 11 8
LA - LN * Norway EU 18 14

LO - LW # * Argentina SA 14/16 13
LX * Luxembourg EU 27 14
LY * Lithuania EU 29 15
LZ * Bulgaria EU 28 20
OA - OC # * Peru SA 12 10
OD * Lebanon AS 39 20
OE # * Austria EU 28 15
OF - OI * Finland EU 18 15
OH0 * Aland Island EU 18 15
OJ0 * Market Reef EU 18 15
OK - OL (23) * Czech Republic EU 28 15
OM (23) * Slovak Republic EU 28 15
ON - OT * Belgium EU 27 14
OU - OW, OZ * Denmark EU 18 14
OX * Greenland NA 5/75 40
OY * Faroe Island EU 18 14
P2 (24) Papua New Guinea OC 51 28
P4 (25) * Aruba SA 11 9
P5 (26) Democratic People's Rep. of Korea AS 44 25
PA - PI * Netherlands EU 27 14
PJ2 (50) Curacao SA 11 9
PJ4 (51) Bonaire SA 11 9
PJ5, 6 (52) Saba and St. Eustatius NA 11 8
PJ7 (53) St Maarten NA 11 8
PP - PY, ZV - ZZ # * Brazil SA (D) 11
PP0 - PY0F # * Fernando de Noronha SA 13 11
PP0 - PY0S # * St. Peter and St. Paul Rocks SA 13 11
PP0 - PY0T # * Trindade and Martim Vaz Island SA 15 11
PZ Suriname SA 12 9
R1/F * Franz Josef Land EU 75 40
S0 (1), (27) Western Sahara AF 46 33
S2 * Bangladesh AS 41 22
S5 (6) * Slovenia EU 28 15
S7 Seychelles AF 53 39
S9 Sao Tome and Principe AF 47 36
SA - SM, 7S, 8S * Sweden EU 18 14
SN - SR * Poland EU 28 15
ST Sudan AF 47/48 34
SU Egypt AF 38 34
SV - SZ, J4 * Greece EU 28 20
SV/A * Mount Athos EU 28 20
SV5, J45 * Dodecanese EU 28 20
SV9, J49 * Crete EU 28 20
T2 (28) Tuvalu OC 65 31
T30 W. Kiribati (Gilbert Island) OC 65 31
T31 C. Kiribati (British Phoenix Island) OC 62 31
T32 E. Kiribati (Line Island) OC 61/63 31
T33 Banaba Island (Ocean Island) OC 65 31
T5, 6O Somalia AF 48 37
T7 * San Marino EU 28 15
T8, (21) Palau OC 64 27
TA - TC * Turkey EU, AS 39 20
TF * Iceland EU 17 40

TG, TD # * Guatemala NA 12 7
TI, TE # * Costa Rica NA 11 7
TI9 # * Cocos Island NA 12 7
TJ Cameroon AF 47 36
TK * Corsica EU 28 15
TL (30) Central African Republic AF 47 36
TN (31) Republic of the Congo AF 52 36
TR (32) * Gabon AF 52 36
TT (33) Chad AF 47 36
TU (34) Cote d'Ivoire AF 46 35
TY (35) Benin AF 46 35
TZ (36) * Mali AF 46 35
UA - UI1 - 7, RA - RZ * European Russia EU (E) 16
UA2, RA2 * Kaliningrad EU 29 15
UA - UI8 - 0, RA - RZ * Asiatic Russia AS (F) (G)
UJ - UM Uzbekistan AS 30 17
UN - UQ * Kazakhstan AS 29 – 31 17
UR - UZ, EM - EO * Ukraine EU 29 16
V2 # * Antigua and Barbuda NA 11 8
V3 # Belize NA 11 7
V4 (37) # St. Kitts and Nevis NA 11 8
V5 * Namibia AF 57 38
V6 (38) Micronesia OC 65 27
V7 # * Marshall Island OC 65 31
V8 * Brunei Darussalam OC 54 28
VA - VG, VO, VY # * Canada NA (H) 1-5
VK, AX # * Australia OC (I) 29/30
VK0 # * Heard Island AF 68 39
VK0 # * Macquarie Island OC 60 30
VK9C # * Cocos (Keeling) Island OC 54 29
VK9L # * Lord Howe Island OC 60 30
VK9M # * Mellish Reef OC 56 30
VK9N * Norfolk Island OC 60 32
VK9W # * Willis Island OC 55 30
VK9X # * Christmas Island OC 54 29
VP2E (37) Anguilla NA 11 8
VP2M (37) Montserrat NA 11 8
VP2V (37) * British Virgin Island NA 11 8
VP5 * Turks and Caicos Island NA 11 8
VP6 # * Pitcairn Island OC 63 32
VP6 (46) * Ducie Island OC 63 32
VP8 * Falkland Island SA 16 13
VP8, LU * South Georgia Island SA 73 13
VP8, LU * South Orkney Island SA 73 13
VP8, LU * South Sandwich Island SA 73 13
VP8, LU, CE9, HF0, 4K1 * South Shetland Island SA 73 13
VP9 * Bermuda NA 11 5
VQ9 * Chagos Island AF 41 39
VR * Hong Kong AS 44 24
VU * India AS 41 22
VU4 * Andaman and Nicobar Island AS 49 26
VU7 * Lakshadweep Island AS 41 22
XA - XI # * Mexico NA 10 6

XA4 - XI4 # * Revillagigedo NA 10 6
XT (39) * Burkina Faso AF 46 35
XU Cambodia AS 49 26
XW Laos AS 49 26
XX9 * Macao AS 44 24
XY, XZ Myanmar AS 49 26
YA, T6 Afghanistan AS 40 21
YB - YH (40) * Indonesia OC 51/54 28
YI * Iraq AS 39 21
YJ * Vanuatu OC 56 32
YK * Syria AS 39 20
YL * Latvia EU 29 15
YN, H6 - 7, HT # * Nicaragua NA 11 7
YO - YR * Romania EU 28 20
YS, HU # * El Salvador NA 11 7
YT, YU * Serbia EU 28 15
YV - YY, 4M # * Venezuela SA 12 9
YV0 # * Aves Island NA 11 8
Z2 Zimbabwe AF 53 38
Z3 (41) * Macedonia EU 28 15
Z6 (55) Republic of Kosovo EU 28 15
Z8 (54) South Sudan (Republic of) AF 48 34
ZA Albania EU 28 15
ZB2 * Gibraltar EU 37 14
ZC4 (42) * UK Sovereign Base Areas on Cyprus AS 39 20
ZD7 * St. Helena AF 66 36
ZD8 * Ascension Island AF 66 36
ZD9 Tristan da Cunha and Gough Island AF 66 38
ZF * Cayman Island NA 11 8
ZK3 * Tokelau Island OC 62 31
ZL - ZM * New Zealand OC 60 32
ZL7 * Chatham Island OC 60 32
ZL8 * Kermadec Island OC 60 32
ZL9 * New Zealand Sub Antarctic Islands OC 60 32
ZP # * Paraguay SA 14 11
ZR – ZU, S8 # * South Africa AF 57 38
ZS8 * Prince Edward and Marion Island AF 57 38
Notes:
1 Unofficial prefix.
2 (5T) Only contacts made 20 June 1960 and after, count for this entity.
3 (5U) Only contacts made 3 August 1960 and after, count for this entity.
4 (6V, 6W) Only contacts made 20 June 1960 and after, count for this entity.
5 (7O) Only contacts made 22 May 1990 and after, count for this entity.
6 (9A; S5) Only contacts made 26 June 1991 and after, count for this entity.
7 (9G) Only contacts made 5 March 1957 and after, count for this entity.
8 (9M2, 4; 9M6, 8) Only contacts made 16 September 1963 and after, count for this entity.
9 (9U; 9X) Only contacts made 1 July 1962 and after, count for this entity.
10 (9V) Contacts made from 16 September 1963 to 8 August 1965, count for West Malaysia.
11 (BS7) Only contacts made 1 January 1995 and after, count for this entity.
12 (BV9P) Only contacts made 1 January 1994 and after, count for this entity.
13 (D6; FH, TO) Only contacts made 6 July 1975 and after, count for this entity.
14 (DA - DR) Only contacts made with DA - DL stations 17 September 1973 and after and contacts made with Y2
- Y9 stations 3 October 1990 and after, count for this entity.

15 (E3) Only contacts made 14 November 1962 and before, or 24 May 1991 and after, count for this entity.
16 (FO, TO; FO, TX (Marquesas Island)) Only contacts made 1 April 1998 and after, count for this entity.
17 (FT/G, TO; FT/J, E, TO) Only contacts made 25 June 1960 and after, count for this entity.
18 (H40) Only contacts made 1 April 1998 and after, count for this entity.
19 (JD1 (Minami Torishima)) Formerly Marcus Island.
20 (JD1 (Ogasawara)) Formerly Bonin and Volcano Islands.
21 (T8) Valid prefix 1 January 1994, or after (KC6 prior to this date).
22 (KP5) Only contacts made 1 March 1979 and after, count for this entity.
23 (OK, OL; OM) Only contacts made 1 January 1993 and after, count for this entity.
24 (P2) Only contacts made 16 September 1975 and after, count for this entity.
25 (P4) Only contacts made 1 January 1986 and after, count for this entity.
26 (P5) Only contacts made 14 May 1995 and after, count for this entity.
27 (S0) Contacts with Rio de Oro (Spanish Sahara), EA9, also count for this entity.
28 (T2) Only contacts made 1 January 1976 and after, count for this entity.
29 (E7) New prefix for Bosnia-Herzegovina effective 17 November 2007. Contacts are valid for this entity
effective 15 October 1991.
30 (TL) Only contacts made 13 August 1960 and after, count for this entity.
31 (TN) Only contacts made 15 August 1960 and after, count for this entity.
32 (TR) Only contacts made 17 August 1960 and after, count for this entity.
33 (TT) Only contacts made 11 August 1960 and after, count for this entity.
34 (TU) Only contacts made 7 August 1960 and after, count for this entity.
35 (TY) Only contacts made 1 August 1960 and after, count for this entity.
36 (TZ) Only contacts made 20 June 1960 and after, count for this entity.
37 (V4; VP2E; VP2M; VP2V) For DXCC credit for contacts made 31 May 1958 and before, see page 97, June 1958
QST.
38 (V6) Includes Yap Islands 1 January 1981 and after.
39 (XT) Only contacts made 16 August 1960 and after, count for this entity.
40 (YB - YH) Only contacts made 1 May 1963 and after, count for this entity.
41 (Z3) Only contacts made 8 September 1991 and after, count for this entity.
42 (ZC4) Only contacts made 16 August 1960 and after, count for this entity.
43 (E4) Only contacts made 1 February 1999 and after, count for this entity.
44 (4W) Only contacts made 1 March 2000 and after, count for this entity.
45 (FK, TX (Chesterfield Island)) Only contacts made 23 March 2000 and after, count for this entity.
46 (VP6) Only contacts made 16 November 2001 and after, count for this entity.
47 (4O) Only contacts made 28 June 2006 and after, count for this entity.
48 (KH8) Only contacts made 22 July 2006 and after, count for this entity.
49 (FJ, TO) Only contacts made 14 December 2007 and after, count for this entity.
50 (PJ2) Only contacts made starting 04:00 UTC 10 October 2010 and after, count for this entity.
52 (PJ5, 6) Only contacts made starting 04:00 UTC 10 October 2010 and after, count for this entity.
54 (Z8) Only contacts made 14 July 2011 and after, count for this entity.
55 (Z6) Only contacts made 21 January 2018 and after, count for this entity.
^ Also 3Y, 8J1, AT0, DP0, FT8Y, LU, OR4, VK0, R1AW, VP8, ZL5, ZS1, ZX0, etc. QSL via country under whose
auspices the particular station is operating. The availability of a third-party traffic agreement and a QSL Bureau
applies to the country under whose auspices the particular station is operating.
Zone Notes can be found with Prefix Cross References.

Deleted Entities
January 2018 Edition - Deleted Entities Total: 62
Credit for any of these entities can be given if the date of contact in question agrees with the
date(s) shown in the corresponding footnote.
Effective 2 April 2012, DXCC Card Checkers can check all current and deleted entities on the
DXCC List. Also, only approved DXCC Card Checkers can check 160 metres. For the list of
approved 160 Meter card checkers visit: http://www.arrl.org/160-meter-card-checkers
Prefix Entity Continent ITU Zone CQ Zone

(2)
Blenheim Reef AF 41 39
(3)
Geyser Reef AF 53 39
(4)
Abu Ail Island AS 39 21
1M (1), (5) Minerva Reef OC 62 32
4W (6) Yemen Arab Republic AS 39 21
7J1 (7) Okino Tori-shima AS 45 27
8Z4 (8) Saudi Arabia/Iraq Neutral Zone AS 39 21
8Z5, 9K3 (9) Kuwait/Saudi Arabia Neutral Zone AS 39 21
9S4 (10) Saar EU 28 14
9U5 (11) Ruanda-Urundi AF 52 36
AC3 (1), (12) Sikkim AS 41 22
AC4 (1), (13) Tibet AS 41 23
C9 (14) Manchuria AS 33 24
CN2 (15) Tangier AF 37 33
CR8 (16) Damao, Diu AS 41 22
CR8 (16) Goa AS 41 22
CR8, CR10 (17) Portuguese Timor OC 54 28
DA - DM (18) Germany EU 28 14
DM, Y2 - 9 (19) German Democratic Republic EU 28 14
EA9 (20) Ifni AF 37 33
FF (21) French West Africa AF 46 35
FH, FB8 (22) Comoros AF 53 39
FI8 (23) French Indo-China AS 49 26
FN8 (24) French India AS 41 22
FQ8 (25) French Equatorial Africa AF 47,52 36
HK0 (26) Bajo Nuevo NA 11 08
HK0, KP3, KS4 (26) Serrana Bank and Roncador Cay NA 11 07
I1 (27) Trieste EU 28 15
I5 (28) Italian Somaliland AF 48 37
JZ0 (29) Netherlands New Guinea OC 51 28
KH5K (30) Kingman Reef OC 61 31
KR6, 8, JR6, KA6 (31) Okinawa (Ryukyu Island) AS 45 25
KS4 (32) Swan Island NA 11 07
KZ5 (33) Canal Zone NA 11 07
OK – OM (34) Czechoslovakia EU 28 15
P2, VK9 (35) Papua Territory OC 51 28
P2, VK9 (35) Territory of New Guinea OC 51 28
PJ (36) Bonaire, Curacao SA 11 09
PJ (36) St. Maarten, Saba, St. Eustatius NA 11 08
PK1 – 3 (37) Java OC 54 28
PK4 (37) Sumatra OC 54 28
PK5 (37) Netherlands Borneo OC 54 28
PK6 (37) Celebe and Molucca Island OC 54 28

R1/M (52) Malyj Vysotskij Island EU 29 16
ST0 (38) Southern Sudan AF 47,48 34
UN1 (39) Karelo-Finnish Republic EU 19 16
VO (40) Newfoundland, Labrador NA 09 02,05
VQ1, 5H1 (41) Zanzibar AF 53 37
VQ6 (42) British Somaliland AF 48 37
VQ9 (43) Aldabra AF 53 39
VQ9 (43) Desroches AF 53 39
VQ9 (43) Farquhar AF 53 39
VS2, 9M2 (44) Malaya AS 54 28
VS4 (44) Sarawak OC 54 28
VS9A, P, S (45) People's Democratic Rep. of Yemen AS 39 21
VS9H (46) Kuria Muria Island AS 39 21
VS9K (47) Kamaran Island AS 39 21
ZC5 (44) British North Borneo OC 54 28
ZC6, 4X1 (48) Palestine AS 39 20
ZD4 (49) Gold Coast, Togoland AF 46 35
ZS0, 1 (50) Penguin Island AF 57 38
ZS9 (51) Walvis Bay AF 57 38
Notes:
1 Unofficial prefix.
2 (Blenheim Reef) Only contacts made 4 May 1967 to 30 June 1975, count for this entity. Contacts made 1 July
1975 and after, count as Chagos Island (VQ9).
3 (Geyser Reef) Only contacts made 4 May 1967 to 28 February 1978, count for this entity.
4 (Abu Ail Island) Only contacts made 30 March 1991 and before, count for this entity.
5 (1M) Only contacts made 15 July 1972 and before, count for this entity. Contacts made 16 July 1972 and
after, count as Tonga (A3).
6 (4W) Only contacts made 21 May 1990 and before, count for this entity.
7 (7J1) Only contacts made 30 May 1976 to 30 November 1980, count for this entity. Contacts made 1
December 1980 and after, count as Ogasawara (JD1).
8 (8Z4) Only contacts made 25 December 1981 and before, count for this entity.
9 (8Z5, 9K3) Only contacts made 14 December 1969 and before, count for this entity.
10 (9S4) Only contacts made 31 March 1957 and before, count for this entity.
11 (9U5) Only contacts made 1 July 1960 to 30 June 1962, count for this entity. Contacts made 1 July 1962 and
after, count as Burundi (9U) or Rwanda (9X).
12 (AC3) Only contacts made 30 April 1975 and before, count for this entity. Contacts made 1 May 1975 and
after, count as India (VU).
13 (AC4) Only contacts made 30 May 1974 and before, count for this entity. Contacts made 31 May 1974 and
after, count as China (B).
14 (C9) Only contacts made 15 September 1963 and before, count for this entity. Contacts made 16 September
1963 and after, count as China (B).
15 (CN2) Only contacts made 30 June 1960 and before, count for this entity. Contacts made 1 July 1960 and
after, count as Morocco (CN).
16 (CR8 (Damao, Diu); CR8 (Goa)) Only contacts made 31 December 1961 and before, count for this entity.
17 (CR8, CR10) Only contacts made 14 September 1976 and before, count for this entity.
18 (DA - DM) Only contacts made 16 September 1973 and before, count for this entity. Contacts made 17
September 1973 and after, count as Federal Republic of Germany (DA - DL) or German Democratic Republic
(Y2 - Y9).
19 (DM, Y2 - 9) Only contacts made 17 September 1973 to 2 October 1990, count for this entity. On 3 October
1990, German Democratic Republic became part of Federal Republic of Germany.
20 (EA9) Only contacts made 13 May 1969 and before, count for this entity.
21 (FF) Only contacts made 6 August 1960 and before, count for this entity.
22 (FH, FB8) Only contacts made 5 July 1975 and before, count for this entity. Contacts made 6 July 1975 and
after, count as Comoros (D6) or Mayotte (FH, TO).
23 (FI8) Only contacts made 20 December 1950 and before, count for this entity.

24 (FN8) Only contacts made 31 October 1954 and before, count for this entity.
25 (FQ8) Only contacts made 16 August 1960 and before, count for this entity.
26 (HK0; HK0, KP3, KS4) Only contacts made 16 September 1981 and before, count for this entity. Contacts
made 17 September 1981 and after, count as San Andres (HK0).
27 (I1) Only contacts made 31 March 1957 and before, count for this entity.
28 (I5) Only contacts made 30 June 1960 and before, count for this entity.
29 (JZ0) Only contacts made 30 April 1963 and before, count for this entity.
30 (KH5K) Only contacts made 29 March 2016 and before, count for this entity.
31 (KR6, 8, JR6, KA6) Only contacts made 14 May 1972 and before, count for this entity. Contacts made 15
May 1972 and after, count as Japan (JA - JS, 7J - 7N).
32 (KS4) Only contacts made 31 August 1972 and before, count for this entity. Contacts made 1 September
1972 and after, count as Honduras (HQ, HR).
33 (KZ5) Only contacts made September 30, 1979 and before, count for this entity.
34 (OK - OM) Only contacts made 31 December 1992 and before, count for this entity.
35 (P2, VK9 (Papua Territory); P2, VK9 (Territory of New Guinea)) Only contacts made 15 September 1975 and
before, count for this entity. Contacts made 16 September 1975 and after, count as Papua New Guinea (P2).
36 (PJ (Bonaire, Curacao); PJ (St. Maarten, Saba, St. Eustatius)) Only contacts made 9 October 2010 and before,
count for this entity.
37 (PK1 - 3; PK4; PK5; PK6) Only contacts made 30 April 1963 and before, count for this entity. Contacts made
1 May 1963 and after, count as Indonesia (YB-YH).
38 (ST0) Only contacts made 7 May 1972 to 31 December 1994, count for this entity.
39 (UN1) Only contacts made 30 June 1960 and before, count for this entity. Contacts made 1 July 1960 and
after, count as European Russia (UA - UI1 - 7, RA - RZ).
40 (VO) Only contacts made 31 March 1949 and before, count for this entity. Contacts made 1 April 1949 and
after, count as Canada (VA - VG, VO, VY).
41 (VQ1, 5H1) Only contacts made 31 May 1974 and before, count for this entity. Contacts made 1 June 1974
and after, count as Tanzania (5H, 5I).
42 (VQ6) Only contacts made 30 June 1960 and before, count for this entity.
43 (VQ9 (Aldabra); VQ9 (Desroches); VQ9 (Farquhar)) Only contacts made 28 June 1976 and before, count for
this entity. Contacts made 29 June 1976 and after, count as Seychelles (S7).
44 (VS2, 9M2; VS4; ZC5) Only contacts made 15 September 1963 and before, count for this entity. Contacts
made 16 September 1963 and after, count as West Malaysia (9M2, 4) or East Malaysia (9M6, 8).
45 (VS9A, P, S) Only contacts made 21 May 1990 and before, count for this entity.
46 (VS9H) Only contacts made 29 November 1967 and before, count for this entity.
47 (VS9K) Only contacts made 10 March 1982 and before, count for this entity.
48 (ZC6, 4X1) Only contacts made 30 June 1968 and before, count for this entity. Contacts made 1 July 1968
and after, count as Israel (4X, 4Z).
49 (ZD4) Only contacts made 5 March 1957 and before, count for this entity.
50 (ZS0, 1) Only contacts made 29 February 1994 and before, count for this entity.
51 (ZS9) Only contacts made 1 September 1977 to 28 February 1994, count for this entity.
52 (R1/M) Only contacts made 16 February 2012 and before, count for this entity.

IARU Region 1 HF Band Plan
A recommendation for all radio amateurs how to use the bands, as revised at the General
Conference, Landshut Germany 2017, effective 01 November 2017.
Frequency (kHz) Max B/W Preferred Mode and Usage

(Hz)
2 200 m Band:
135.7 – 137.8 200 CW, QRSS and narrow band digital modes
630 m Band:
472 – 475 ** 200 CW See NOTES
475 – 479 ** (#) CW, digimodes See NOTES
(**) If a frequency is to be selected, particular attention must be paid to still existing Non-
Directional Beacons (NDB) of the radio navigation service! (#) maximum bandwidth not
specified, 500 Hz suggested.
160 m Band:
1 810 – 1 838 200 CW, 1 836 kHz – QRP CoA
1 838 – 1 840 500 Narrow band modes
1 840 – 1 843 2 700 All modes – digimodes, (*)
1 843 – 2 000 2 700 All modes, (*)
Radio Amateurs in countries that have an SSB allocation ONLY below 1 840 kHz, may continue
to use it, but the National Societies in those countries are requested to take all necessary
steps with their licence administrations to adjust the phone allocations in accordance with
the Region 1 Band plan. (Davos 2005)
80 m Band:
3 500 – 3 510 200 CW, priority for intercontinental operation
3 510 – 3 560 200 CW, contest preferred, 3 555 kHz – QRS CoA
3 560 – 3 570 200 CW, 3 560 kHz – QRP CoA
3 570 – 3 580 200 Narrow band modes – digimodes
Narrow band modes – digimodes, automatically controlled data
3 590 – 3 600 500
stations (unattended)
All modes - digimodes, automatically controlled data station
3 600 – 3 620 2 700
(unattended), (*)
All modes, SSB contest preferred, 3 630 kHz – Digital Voice CoA,
3 600 – 3 650 2 700
(*)
3 650 – 3 700 2 700 All modes, 3 690 kHz – SSB QRP CoA
3 700 – 3 775 2 700 All modes, SSB contest preferred
3 735 kHz – Image CoA
3 760 kHz – Reg 1 Emergency CoA

3 775 – 3 800 2 700 All modes, SSB contest preferred, priority for intercontinental
operation
60 m Band:
5 351.5 – 5 354.0 500 CW, Narrow band modes – digimodes See NOTES
5 354.0 – 5 366.0 2 700 All modes, USB recommended for voice operation (##) See
NOTES
5 366.0 – 5 366.5 20 (!) Weak signal narrow band modes See NOTES
It is strongly recommended that frequencies within the WRC-15 allocation only be used if
there are no other frequencies available at 5 MHz under domestic (ITU-R article 4.4)
permissions.
Local nets and long rag chew QSOs should not use the WRC-15 allocation at 5 MHz but should
instead make use of the 3,5 MHz, 5 MHz domestic or 7 MHz bands where there is more
spectrum available.
SARL 60 m Band:
5 290 20 WSPR Beacons for the propagation project
5 350.0 – 5 354.0 500 CW, Narrow band modes – digimodes (Note 2)
5 354.0 – 5 366.0 2 700 All modes, USB recommended for voice operation
5 357.0 FT8 CoA
5 360.0 SOTA/WWFF CoA (international)
5 366.0 – 5 366.5 20 Weak signal narrow band modes
5 366.6 – 5 450.0 2 700 All modes, USB recommended for voice operation (note 3)
5 370.0 General calling frequency
5 390.0 SOTA/ZSFF/WAGS CoA
5 410.0 Emergency CoA (SARL Hamnet)
40 m Band:
7 000 – 7 040 200 CW, 7 030 kHz – QRP CoA
7 047 – 7 050 500 Narrow band modes – digimodes, automatically controlled data
7 050 – 7 053 2 700 All modes – digimodes, automatically controlled data stations
(unattended) (*)
7 053 – 7 060 2 700 All modes – digimodes
7 070 kHz – Digital Voice CoA
7 090 kHz – SSB QRP CoA
7 100 – 7 130 2 700 All modes, 7 110 kHz – Reg 1 Emergency CoA
7 130 – 7 175 2 700 All modes, SSB contest preferred, 7 165 kHz – Image CoA
7 175 – 7 200 All modes, SSB contest preferred, priority for intercontinental
2 700 operation

30 m Band:
10 100 – 10 130 200 CW, 10 116 kHz – QRP CoA
SSB may be used during emergencies involving the immediate safety of life and property and
only by stations involved in the handling of emergency traffic.
The band segment 10 120 kHz to 10 140 kHz may be used for SSB transmissions in the area of
Africa south of the equator during local daylight hours. News bulletins on any mode should
not be transmitted on the 10 MHz band.
20 m Band:
14 000 – 14 060 200 CW, contest preferred, 14 055 kHz – QRS CoA
14 060 – 14 070 200 CW, 14 060 kHz – QRP CoA
14 089 – 14 099 500 Narrow band modes - digimodes automatically controlled data
14 099 – 14 101 IBP, exclusively for beacons
(unattended)
14 112 – 14 125 2 700 All modes
14 195 kHz ± 5 kHz - Priority for DXpeditions
14 300 – 14 350 2 700 All modes, 14 300 kHz – Global Emergency CoA
17 m Band:
18 068 – 18 095 200 CW, 18 086 kHz – QRP CoA
(unattended)
18 160 kHz – Global Emergency CoA
15 m Band:
21 000 – 21 070 200 CW, 21 055 kHz – QRS CoA
21 060 kHz – QRP CoA
21 070 – 21 090 500 Narrow band modes, digimodes
21 090 – 21 110 500 Narrow band modes, digimodes, automatically controlled data

21 110 – 21 120 2 700 All modes (excluding SSB), digimodes, automatically controlled
data stations (unattended)
21 151 – 21 450 2 700 All modes, 21 180 kHz – Digital Voice CoA
21 360 kHz – Global Emergency CoA
12 m Band:
24 890 – 24 915 200 CW, 24 906 kHz – QRP CoA
24 925 – 24 929 Narrow band modes – digimodes, automatically controlled data
500 stations (unattended)
(unattended)
10 m Band:
28 000 – 28 070 200 CW 28 055 kHz – QRS CoA
28 060 kHz – QRP CoA
28 190 – 28 199 IBP, regional time-shared beacons
28 199 – 28 201 IBP, worldwide time-shared beacons
28 201 – 28 225 IBP, continuous duty beacons
28 225 – 28 300 2 700 All modes – beacons
(unattended)
28 320 – 29 000 2 700 All modes, 28 330 kHz – Digital Voice CoA
29 000 – 29 100 6 000 All modes
29 100 – 29 200 6 000 All modes – FM simplex – 10 kHz channels
(unattended)
29 300 – 29 510 6 000 Satellite Links
29 510 – 29 520 Guard channel
29 520 – 29 590 6 000 All modes – FM repeater input (RH1 – RH8)
29 600 6 000 All modes – FM calling channel

29 610 6 000 All modes – FM simplex repeater (parrot - input and output)
29 620 – 29 700 6 000 All modes – FM repeater outputs (RH1 – RH8)
Definitions
All modes - CW, SSB and those modes listed as Centres of Activity, plus AM (Consideration
should be given to adjacent channel users)
Image modes - Any analogue or digital image modes within the appropriate bandwidth, for
example SSTV and FAX
Narrow band modes - All modes using up to 500 Hz bandwidth, including CW, RTTY, PSK, etc.
Digimodes - Any digital mode used within the appropriate bandwidth, for example RTTY, PSK,
MT63, etc.
Notes
The frequencies in the band plan are understood as “transmitted frequencies” (not those of
the suppressed carrier!)
To prevent any out of band transmission the maximum dial setting for USB Voice mode should
be 3 kHz below upper band edge on bands 20 m to 10 m.
(*) - Lowest dial setting for LSB Voice mode: 1 843, 3 603 and 7 053 kHz
(##) - Highest dial setting for USB Voice mode on the 60-m band: 5 363 kHz
CW QSOs are accepted across all bands, except within beacon segments. (Recommendation
DV05_C4_Rec_13)
Amplitude modulation (AM) may be used in the telephony sub-bands providing consideration
is given to adjacent channel users. (NRRL Davos 2005).
Sideband Usage. Below 10 MHz lower sideband (LSB) is recommended and above 10 MHz use
upper sideband (USB). The exception to this is on the 5 MHz band where USB is
recommended.
630 m band: Details shown in the band plan above should be understood as “proposed
usage.” (VA14_C4_Rec_02)
60 m band: Details shown in the band plan above should be understood as “proposed usage.”
(VIE14_C4_Rec_02)
Contests
Where no DX traffic is involved, the contest segments should not include 3 500 – 3 510 kHz
or 3 775 - 3 800 kHz. Non-contesting radio amateurs are recommended to use the contest-
free HF bands (30, 17 and 12 m) during the largest international contests. (DV05_C4_Rec_07)
Contests should be restricted to 160, 80, 40, 20, 15 and 10 m. That is 60, 30, 17 and 12 m
bands shall not be used for contests. For more recommendations about contest segments see
the IARU Region 1 HF Manager Handbook.
Unmanned transmitting stations:

The term “automatically controlled data stations” includes Store and Forward stations.
IARU member societies are requested to limit this activity on the HF bands.

It is recommended that any unmanned transmitting stations on HF shall only be activated
under operator control except for beacons agreed with the IARU Region 1 beacon
coordinator, or specially licensed experimental stations.
Member Societies are reminded of the recommendation in the IARU Region 1 HF Band Plan
‘that any unmanned transmitting stations on HF shall only be activated under operator
control, except for beacons agreed with the IARU Region 1 Beacon Coordinator’.
Unmanned transmitting stations and operation involving unmanned transmitting stations,
must adhere to the frequency and bandwidth limits of the band plan.
The operator connecting to an automatically controlled unmanned transmitting station is
responsible for not causing interference. This is particularly important in the 30 metre band
where the amateur service only has secondary status.
Amateur radio operators may transmit messages via unmanned transmitting stations during
coordinated emergency and disaster preparedness exercises, limited to the duration of such
exercises, using a bandwidth not exceeding 2 700 Hz.
Such communication should be announced regularly on the frequency and radio amateurs
not participating in the communication should cooperate by not transmitting on the
frequency. (VA14_C4_Rec_06).
Beacons. For information about IARU Region 1 beacon policy see the IARU Region 1 HF
Manager Handbook.
Remote controlled operation on HF

Remote controlled operation is defined to mean operation where a licensed operator controls
an amateur radio station from a remote-control terminal. Where a station is operated
remotely, the following conditions shall apply:
Remote operation must be permitted, or not objected to, by the Regulatory Authority of the
country where the station is located.
1. The call sign to be used should be the call sign issued by the Regulatory Authority of the
country in which the station is located. This applies irrespective of the location of the
operator.
2. It should be noted that the CEPT T/R 61-01 agreement only applies to people using their
own call sign, with the appropriate country prefix, when the operator is actually visiting that
country, not for remote operation.
3. Any further requirements regarding the participation of remotely controlled stations in
contests or award programs are a matter for the various contest or award program
organisers. (SC11_C4_REC_07), (VA14_C4_REC_04)

IARU Region 1 VHF/UHF and higher Band Plans
(2017 IARU Region 1 General Conference, Landshut, Germany)
Introduction
On the following pages are the official IARU Region 1 band plans currently valid for the
50 MHz, 70 MHz, 145 MHz, 435 MHz and the microwave bands are set out. In accordance
with the policy outlined in PART 3 section 1 (Region 1 VHF Manager’s Handbook) only
carefully considered modifications and/or additions have been made during the tri annual
IARU Region 1 Conferences.
VHF Managers should give maximum publicity to the adopted band plans. In view of
the many newcomers, regular repetition of the publication of the band plans is advisable.
Member Societies and particularly their VHF Managers or VHF Committees, should strongly
promote adherence to the adopted band plans by all VHF/UHF/Microwaves amateurs in their
country.
The following notes are referring to the Usage column in the band plan. Operators
should take notice of these agreements which are made for operating convenience, but no
right to reserved frequencies can be derived from a mention in the Usage column or from the
following notes.
The users should be aware that this those band plans are generic for all members
states of IARU Region 1. They can be more detailed in some Member states due to practical
reasons end/or legislation. Therefore, we advise to look also to the band planning of the
country of the operator.

40.675 - 40.685 Band Plan
Frequency Max B/W Mode Usage
40,675 500 Hz MGM Amateur Radio Propagation Study
40,685
Footnote:
License Class A1 as per the Amateur Radio Regulations. To be used for propagation study,
max ERP 10 W. (ICASA Notice 890 of 2008)
50 – 54 MHz Band plan

Frequency Max B/W Mode (a) Usage
50,000 500 Hz Telegraphy exclusive 50,000 - 010 Region-1 *
(except Beacon 50,010 - 020 Region-2 *
Project) 50,020 - 030 Region-3 *
* Reserved for future Synchronised
Beacon Project (b)
50,050 CW future International CoA
50,100 50,090 CW Intercontinental CoA
50,100 2 700 Hz SSB International preferred
Telegraphy 50,100 - 130 Intercontinental section
50,110 Intercontinental CoA(c)
50,130 - 200 international section
50,200 50,150 International CoA
50,200 2 700 Hz SSB General usage
50,300 Telegraphy 50,285 for crossband
50,300 2 700 Hz MGM 50,305 PSK CoA
Narrowband 50,310 - 320 EME CoA
50,400 Telegraphy 50,320 - 380 MS CoA
50 400 1 000 Hz MGM Beacons exclusive
50,500 Telegraphy
50,500 12 kHz All Modes (g) 50,510 SSTV
DV: digital voice 50,540 - 580 Simplex FM Internet Voice
Gateways
50,550 Image frequency
50,620 - 750 Digital communications
50,630 DV calling
51,210 - 390 FM/DV Repeater Inputs, 20
kHz spacing (e)
51,410 - 590 FM/DV Simplex (f)
51,510 FM calling frequency
51,810 – 990 FM repeaters output
52,000 channels, 20 kHz spacing (e)
52,000 500 kHz All modes (f)
54,000
Notes: band plan
Legacy usage for MGM is accepted, but effort should be made to move this to 50,300 – 50,400
MHz. Usage by operators may vary due to restrictions on national allocations.

Notes: Usage
For the numbering of FM telephony see PART 2 section 1.4 (VHF Manager’s Handbook).
In those countries within the European part of IARU Region 1 where it is allowed to set up FM
repeaters on 50 MHz, the indicated channels are recommended in order to establish a
commonality.
In those countries where the National Authorities do not permit repeaters to operate with
output frequencies above 51 MHz, repeater output frequencies may be 500 kHz below the
repeater input frequencies. (Tel Aviv 1996).
Footnotes:
a. The intercontinental DX calling frequency 50,110 MHz should not be used for calling
within the European part of Region 1 at any time.
b. deleted.
c. For the specification of FM telephony PART 3 section 8.1
d. This segment is for simplex use only with no Digital Voice gateways permitted.
Embedded data traffic is allowed along with Digital Voice. DV users should check that the
channel is not in use by other modes
e. In those Region 1 countries where 52 - 54 MHz (or parts thereof) is allocated, its use
should be planned on the basis of up to 4 x 500 kHz blocks which may be sub-divided to suit
digital applications. Amateurs using digital transmission methods must also ensure that their
transmissions do not spread beyond band edges.
f. Experiments using wider bandwidth digital modes may take place in the 50 MHz band
within the 50,5 - 52 MHz segment where local conditions permit, on the basis it does not
cause interference to other users (including narrowband/beacon use)
• noting that potential options for this include around 50,6; 51,0 or 51,7 MHz and
maximum bandwidth of around 50 kHz
• That Member Societies encourage such 50 MHz digital experiments to support
innovation and development of the band and report results back to IARU Region 1
70,0 – 70,5 MHz Band plan

70,000 1 000 Hz Telegraphy Coordinated Beacons(a)
70,090 MGM
70,090 1 000 Hz Beacons Temporary and personal beacons
70,100
70,100 2 700 Hz Telegraphy 70,185 Crossband CoA
SSB 70,200 Telegraphy/SSB calling
70,250 MGM 70,250 MS calling
70,250 12 kHz AM / FM (b) 70,260 AM/FM calling
70,294 70,270 MGM CoA
70,294 12 kHz FM Channels, 70,3125 Digital communications
12,5 kHz spacing 70,3250 Digital communications
70,4500 FM calling
70,4625
70,4750
70,500 70,4875 Digital communications

The 70 MHz band is increasingly recognised as being appropriate for amateur allocations, In
the CEPT area this progress is now recognised in the European Table of Frequency Allocations
by Footnote ECA9 which states, “EU9:CEPT administrations may authorise all or parts of the
band 69,9 - 70,5 MHz to the amateur service on a secondary basis,”
In addition, it is worth noting that there is some experimental access on a national basis in
the range 69,90 - 70,0 MHz in cases where 70 MHz is not available,
References:
[1] European Allocation Table www.erodocdb.dk/Docs/doc98/official/pdf/ercrep025.pdf
[2] http://www.70MHz.org has a useful list of current allocations and permits
Footnotes:
Refer to Beacons Chapter for coordination of beacons (PART 2 Section 6)
Usage by operators may vary due to restrictions on national allocations

144,000 2 700 Hz All Mode Satellites (downlinks only) (s)
144,025 (Varna 2014)
144,025 500 Hz Telegraphy (a) 144,050 CoA
144,100 144,100 Random MS (m)
144,100 500 Hz Telegraphy and 144,110 – 144,160 EME MGM (i)
144,150 MGM
144,150 2700 Hz Telegraphy and 144,195 - 144,205 Random MS SSB (m)
144,400 SSB and MGM 144,300 SSB CoA
144,400 500 Hz Telegraphy Beacons exclusive (b)
144,490 MGM
144,491 500 Hz EMGM Experimental MGM
144,493
144,500 20 kHz All mode (f) 144,500 Image mode centre (SSTV, Fax, etc,)
144,600 Data CoA (MGM, RTTY, etc,)
144,794 144,750 ATV talk back
144,794 12 kHz MGM (h) 144,800 APRS
Digital 144,8125 DV Internet voice gateway
Communications 144,8250 DV Internet voice gateway
144,8375 DV Internet voice gateway
144,8500 DV Internet voice gateway
144,9625 144,8625 DV Internet voice gateway
144,975 12 kHz FM / Digital voice Repeater Input exclusive (c)
145,194
145194 12 kHz FM / Digital voice Space communication (p)
145,206 (i)
145,206 12 kHz FM / Digital voice 145,2375 FM Internet Voice Gateway
(i) 145,2875 FM Internet Voice Gateway
145,3375 FM Internet Voice Gateway
145,375 digital voice calling
145,5625 145,500 FM calling
145,5750 12 kHz FM / Digital voice Repeater Output exclusive (c, d)

145,7935
145,794 12 kHz FM / Digital voice Space communication (p)
145,806 (i)
145,806 12 kHz All Mode (e) Satellite exclusive
146,000
Notes:
The following notes are part of the officially adopted IARU Region 1 band plan and all
member societies should strongly promote adherence to the recommendations made in
these notes,
In Europe no input or output channels of telephony repeaters shall be allowed to operate
between 144,000 and 144,794 MHz.
Footnotes:
a. Telegraphy is permitted over the whole band, except in the beacon band; Telegraphy
exclusive between 144,000 - 144,110 MHz (except satellite output downlink to earth)
b. Refer to Beacons Chapter for coordination of beacons in the beacon sub-band Section
c. For technical standards on FM and repeaters PART 3 section 8,2. If there is a real need
for more repeater channels, it is recommended that Societies or Repeater Groups consider
setting up a repeater system on the higher frequency band(s). Further to this subject the
following recommendation was adopted in, De Haan, 1993. For the numbering of FM
telephony channels, see annex 2 to this section.
d. Established simplex frequencies on repeater output channels may be retained.
e. In view of the important public relations aspect of amateur satellite activities, it was
decided at the IARU Region 1 Conference in Miskolc Tapolca (1978) that:
i. AMSAT will be allowed to use the band 145,8 - 146,0 MHz for amateur satellite
activity.
ii. This decision was re-confirmed at the IARU Region 1 Conference in Brighton (1981).
iii. See also footnote p
f. No unmanned stations shall use the all-mode segment, except for linear transponders
and ARDF beacons. (Tel Aviv 1996, San Marino 2002)
i. This segment is for simplex use only with no Digital Voice gateways, Embedded data
traffic is allowed along with digital voice, Digital Voice users should check that the channel is
not in use by FM.
j. Amateur Satellite Linear Transponder down-links. Subject to agreement with Region
2 and Region 3
Notes: Usage
The following notes are referring to the Usage column in the band plan, As already set out in
the introduction to section IIc, in the right amateur spirit operators should take notice of these
agreements which are made for operating convenience, but no right to reserved frequencies
can be derived from a mention in the Usage column or from the following notes.
Footnotes:
k. Not used
l. Not used
m. See procedures set out in section

n. Deleted (Varna 2014)
o. Not used
p. For FM voice communications with special stations like manned spacecraft it is
recommended to use 145,200 MHz for simplex operation or 145,200/145,800 MHz for split-
channel operation (Vienna 1995/Tel Aviv 1996).
q. It is recognised that in the IARU Region 1 rules for the Championships in Amateur
Radio Direction Finding (ARDF) competitions, the frequencies for the unmanned beacons are
in the segment 144,500 – 144,900 MHz. These beacons run low power and are on the air only
during ARDF events. (Davos 2005)
r. No transmission shall be made below 144,0025 MHz (Varna 2014) so that a necessary
guard band is provided at the bottom edge
National usage notes

Some countries have existing use at:
• 144,660-144,690 Linear Transponder Inputs
• 144,630-144,660 Linear Transponder Outputs
430 – 440 MHz

430,000 20 kHz All Modes Sub-Regional (national band planning) (d)
430,025 - 430,375 FM repeater output channel
(F/PA/ON), 12,5 kHz spacing, 1,6 MHz shift (f)
430,400 - 430,575 Digital communication link
channels (g) (j)
430,600 - 430,925 Digital communication
repeater channels (g) (j) (l)
430,925 - 431,025 Multi-mode channels (j) (k)
(l)
431,050 - 431,825 Repeater input channel
(HB/DL/OE), 25 kHz spacing, 7,6 MHz shift (f)
431,625 - 431,975 Repeater input channel
431,975 (F/PA/ON), 12,5 kHz spacing, 1,6 MHz shift (p)
432,000 500 Hz Telegraphy (a) EME
432,025
432,025 500 Hz Telegraphy (a); 432,050 Telegraphy CoA
432,100 MGM 432,088 PSK31 CoA
432,100 2 700 Hz Telegraphy 432,200 SSB CoA
SSB; MGM 432,350 Microwave talkback CoA
432,400 432,370 FSK441 random calling
432,400 500 Hz Telegraphy, Beacons exclusive (b)
432,490 MGM
432,491 500 Hz EMGM Experimental MGM
432,493
432,500 12 kHz All Modes 432,500 New APRS frequency
Repeater Input Region 1 Standard, 25 kHz
spacing, 2 MHz shift (Channel 432,600 -
432,975 MHz). In the UK repeater OUTPUT

432,975 channels
433,000 12 kHz FM Digital voice Repeater Input Region 1 Standard, 25 kHz
repeater (p) spacing, 1,6 MHz shift (Channel 433,000 -
433,375 433,375 MHz)
433,400 12 kHz FM Digital voice 433,400 SSTV(FM/AFSK)
(f) (o) 433,450 digital voice calling
433,500 FM calling
Simplex Channels, 25 kHz spacing, (Channel
433,575 433,400 - 433,575 MHz)
433,600 20 kHz All Modes 433,625 - 433,775 Digital communication
channels (g) (h) (i)
434,000 Centre frequency of digital
434,000 experiments as defined on note (m)
434,000 12 kHz (c) All Modes 434,450 - 434,575 Digital communications
434,594 ATV (c) channels (by exception !!) (i) (m)
434,594 12 kHz (c) All Modes ATV (c) and FM
Repeater Output Region 1 system, 25 kHz
spacing, 1,6 MHz shift, (Channel 434,600 -
434,975 MHz). In the UK repeater INPUT
434,981 channels
435,000 20 kHz (c) Satellite service
438,000 and ATV (c)
438,000 20 kHz (c) All Modes ATV (c) and Sub-Regional (national band
planning) (d)
438,025 - 438,175 Digital communications
channel frequency (g)
repeater channels (g) (j) (l)
438,550 - 438,625 Multi-mode (j) (k) (l)
438,650 - 439,425 Repeater output channels
(HB/DL/OE), 25 kHz spacing, 7,6 MHz shift, (f)
(p)
439,800 - 439,975 Digital communications link
440,000 channels (g) (j)
Notes:
The following notes are part of the officially adopted IARU Region 1 band plan and all member
societies should strongly promote adherence to the recommendations made in these notes.
a) In Europe no input or output channels of telephony repeaters shall be allowed to
operate between 432 and 433 MHz (From 1-1-2004 those frequencies are between 432,000
and 432,600 MHz)
b) FM telephony channels and Repeaters are specified in chapter
c) ATV Repeater outputs are not permitted in the 435 MHz band (Varna 2014)
Footnotes

a. Telegraphy is permitted over the whole narrow-band DX part of the band; Telegraphy
exclusive between 432,000 - 432,100 MH. PSK31, however, can be used as well in this
segment
b. Refer to Beacons Chapter for coordination of beacons in the beacon sub-band ATV
operators should be encouraged to use the microwave allocations where available but may
continue to use the 435 MHz band. In case of interference between ATV and the Amateur
Satellite Service, the Satellite Service shall have priority. Any remaining legacy wideband ATV
usage in the 435 MHz band should be phased out in favour of narrower bandwidth, more
compatible, modes such as DATV or SATV. For ATV transmissions National societies should
provide guidance to their members on the exact frequencies to be used, with due
consideration of the interests of other users (Varna 2014)
c. The words "Sub-regional (national) band planning" appearing in IARU Region 1
VHF/UHF/Microwave band plans mean the following:
In bands and sub-bands not available throughout Region 1, band-planning should be
coordinated on a sub-regional basis between the countries where those bands and sub-bands
are allocated to the Amateur Service. The words "national band planning" refer to
bands/segments which are available only in a single country (such as the 70 MHz band
allocation), or only in a few widely separated countries. (Torremolinos 1990)
d. Not used
Embedded data traffic is allowed along with digital voice. Digital Voice users should check that
the channel is not in use by other modes
Notes: Usage
The following notes are referring to the Usage column in the band plan. As already set out in
can be derived from a mention in the Usage column or from the following notes (except where
‘exclusive’ is mentioned).
Footnotes
f. The HB/DL/OE wide-shift repeater system, already in use for a long time, is valuable
with a view to a better utilisation of the whole band. Hence IARU Region 1 endorses the
system. This also applies for the French repeater channel system, also adopted by the
Netherlands and Belgium, which IARU Region 1 supports as a useful measure to fill a hitherto
unused part of the band.
g. In the Usage section of the 435 MHz band plan the following frequency segments have
been designated for digital communications:
i.430,544 - 430,931 MHz Extension of the 7,6 MHz repeater system input for digital
communication
438,194 - 438,531 MHz Output channels for the above
ii.433,619 - 433,781 MHz
438,019 - 438,181 MHz
iii.430,394 - 430,581 MHz for digital communication links
439,794 - 439,981 MHz for digital communication links
With due regard to the band allocated to the Amateur Service by the national Administration,
the interests of other users, possible interference from e.g. ISM, the specific digital technique

or system to be accommodated etc., a sub-regional, or national choice may be made within
the above segments.
h. In those countries where 433,619 - 433,781 MHz is the only segment of the 435 MHz
band available for digital communications, modulation techniques requiring a channel
separation exceeding 25 kHz should not be used. If different or incompatible use of this part
of the frequency spectrum in contemplated in neighbouring countries, this use should be
coordinated between the countries concerned with the aim of avoiding harmful interference.
i. On a temporary basis, in those countries where 433,619 - 433,781 MHz is the only
segment of the 435 MHz band available for Digital Communications:
i.Channels with centre frequencies 432,500, 432,525, 432,550, 432,575, 434,450, 434,475,
434,500, 434,525, 434,550 and 434,575 may be used for digital communications.
ii.Use of these channels must not interfere with linear transponders.
iii.Modulation techniques requiring a channel separation exceeding 25 kHz must not be used on
these channels. (De Haan, 1993)
j. At the IARU Region 1 Conference in Torremolinos (1990) the following
recommendation was adopted regarding the segments for repeaters and links, shown in
footnote g:
For a repeater/link to be installed within 150 km of a national border, the member society
should co-ordinate the frequency allocation and the technical (system) data with the member
societies in neighbouring countries. Special attention should be paid to the common good
practice of using directional antennas and the minimum power necessary.
As a matter of course, this agreement is also valid for any link experiments carried out on the
multi-mode channels in the segment 438,544 - 438,631 MHz. (De Haan, 1993).
k. These multi-mode channels are to be used for experimenting with new transmission
technologies (De Haan, 1993)
l. In the United Kingdom the use of low-power speech repeaters on repeater channels
in the segment 438,419 - 438,581 is allowed. Where necessary, frequencies will be
coordinated with neighbouring countries (De Haan, 1993).
m. Experiments using wide band digital modes may take place in the 435 MHz band in
those countries that have the full 10 MHz allocation.
n. Common frequencies for Simplex (FM) Internet voice gateways are: 433,950,
433,9625, 433,975, 433,9875, 434,0125, 434,025, 434,0375, 434,050 MHz (Cavtat 2008)
o. All Voice repeater channels may use FM or Digital Voice modes. (Cavtat 2008)
National usage notes

p. Some countries have existing use at:
432,500 - 432,600 Linear Transponder Inputs
432,600 - 432,800 Linear Transponder Outputs
439,9875 POCSAG (Paging)
q. In countries without access to the full 70 cm band, the following 12,5 kHz repeater
channels with a 1.6 MHz separation between uplink and downlink can be implemented:
a. Input Frequencies (uplink) 431,225 – 431,600 MHz
b. Output Frequencies (downlink) 432,825 – 433,200 MHz. This needs international
coordination if necessary

DATV and SATV in the 435 MHz Band (Varna 2014)
As the national 70 cm allocations vary considerably, it is not possible in the VHF Handbook to
specify exact centre frequencies for DATV/SATV operation – but it should be where its
bandwidth is compatible with other uses.
If the 435 - 438 MHz amateur satellite section is used for ATV, it shall be on the
following basis:
• ATV (like Voice) Repeater outputs are not permitted
• ATV Internet gateways are not permitted
• ATV Repeater inputs are permitted (e.g. for cross band usage)
• ATV Simplex usage is permitted
• Transmission times by ATV users should be as short as possible
Any usage should also be compliant with the Region 1 Technical Recommendations for
DATV/SATV and in particular the maximum bandwidth. Centre frequencies of ATV usage in
the amateur satellite section shall be chosen to place its bandwidth at the upper end of the
amateur satellite section

1240,000 2 700 Hz All Mode (reserved for future)
1240,500
1240,500 500 Hz Telegraphy Beacons (reserved for future)
1240,750 MGM
1240,750 20 kHz FM Digital (reserved for future)
1241,000 voice
1241,000 20 kHz All Mode 1240,000 - 1241,000 Digital communications
1242,025 - 1242,250 Repeater out, RS1 - RS10
1242,275 - 1242,700 Repeater out, RS11 - RS28
1242,725 - 1243,250 Digital communications,
1243,250 RS29 - RS50
1243,250 (d) ATV 1258,150-1259,350 Repeater out R20 - R68
1260,000 Digital ATV
1260,000 (d) Satellite
1270,000 Service
1270,000 20 kHz All Mode 1270,025 - 1270,700 Repeater in, RS1 - RS28
1272,000 1270,725 - 1271,250 Digital communication, RS29
- RS50
1272,000 (d) ATV
1290,994 Digital ATV
1290,994 20 kHz FM DV RM0 (1291,000) - RM19 25 kHz spacing
1291,481 Repeater in RM19 (1291,475)
1291,494 (d) All Modes 1293,150 – 1294,350 Repeater input, R20
1296,000 (1293,150) - R68 (1294,350)
1296,000 500 Hz Telegraphy 1296,00-1296,025 Moonbounce
1296,150 MGM 1296,138 PSK31 CoA
1296,150 2 700 Hz Telegraphy 1296,200 Narrow-band CoA

SSB 1296,400 - 1296,600 Linear transponder input
MGM 1296,500 Image centre (SSTV, Fax etc)
1296,600 Narrowband Data centre (MGM, RTTY,
etc)
1296,600 - 1296,700 Linear transponder output
1296,741 - 1296,743 experimental MGM (500 Hz)
1296,800 1296,750 - 1296,800 local beacon (10 W ERP max)
1296,800 500 Hz Telegraphy Beacons exclusive (b)
1296,994 MGM
1296,994 20 kHz FM DV RM0 (1297,000)
repeater 25 kHz spacing
1297,481 output RM19 (1297,475)
1297,494 20 kHz FM (c) SM20 (1297,500) (25 kHz spacing - SIMPLEX)
Digital Voice 1297,500 FM CoA
(e) 1297,725 Digital Voice calling (25 kHz spacing -
simplex)
1297,900 - 1297,975 Simplex FM Internet voice
1297,981 gateways SM39 (1297,975)
1298,000 20 kHz All modes General mixed analogue or digital use in 25 kHz
channels 1298,025 MHz (RS1) to 1298,975 MHZ
1299,000 (RS39)
1299,000 150 kHz All modes Arranged as 5 x 150 kHz channels for high speed
Digital Data (DD) usage: Centres: 1299,075,
1299,225, 1299,375, 1299,525, 1299,675 MHz (+/-
1299,750 75 kHz)
1299,750 20 kHz All modes 8 x 25 kHz channels (available for FM/DV use):
1300,000 Centres: 1299,775 - 1299,975
Notes:
The following notes are part of the IARU Region 1 band plan for this band, originally adopted
during the IARU Region 1 Conference at Noordwijkerhout (1987) and all member societies
should strongly promote adherence to the recommendations made in these notes.
At the IARU Region-1 Conference at Cavtat (2008), Recommendation CT08_C5_27 was
adopted which designated the 1240,0 - 1240,75 MHz segment as an alternative narrowband
section and makes a series of recommendations for replanning other parts of the band for
DATV and Digital Voice and Data
Footnotes
a. deleted
b. Refer to Beacons Chapter for coordination of beacons in the beacon sub-band Section
c. In countries where 1298 - 1300 MHz is not allocated to the Amateur Service (e.g. Italy)
the FM simplex segment may also be used for digital communications.
d. Bandwidth limits according to national regulations.
e. Embedded data traffic is allowed along with digital voice. Digital Voice users should
check that the channel is not in use by other modes

Notes: Usage
The following note refers to the Usage column in the band plan. As already set out in
can be derived from a mention in the Usage column.
During contests and band openings, local traffic using narrow-band modes should
operate between 1296,500 - 1296,800 MHz.

2300,000 20 kHz All Modes 2304 – 2306 Narrow band segment in countries
where the 2320 - 2322 segment is not available
2308 – 2310 Narrow band segment in HB Sub-
2320,000 Regional (national) band planning (a)
2320,000 500 Hz Telegraphy 2320,000 - 2320,025 EME
2320,150 Exclusive (c) 2320,138 PSK31 CoA
2320,150 2700 Hz Telegraphy/ SSB 2320,200 SSB CoA
(c) 2320,750 - 2320,800 Local Beacons (10 W ERP
2320,800 max)
2320,800 Telegraphy Beacons Exclusive (c)
2321,000 MGM
2321,000 20 kHz FM and Voice
2322,000 Digital Voice Simplex and Repeaters (b)
2322,000 All Modes (b) 2322,000 - 2355,000 ATV
2365,000 - 2370,000 Repeaters
2370,000 - 2392,000 ATV
2400,000 2392,000 - 2400,000 Digital communications
2400,000 Amateur 2400 – 2402 Narrow band segment in countries
Satellite where the 2320 - 2322 segment is not available
Service 2427,00 - 2443,00 ATV if no satellite uses this
2450,000 segment
Notes:
a. The words "Sub-regional (national) band planning" appearing in IARU Region 1
VHF/UHF/Microwave band plans mean the following:
In bands and sub-bands not available throughout Region 1, band-planning should be
coordinated on a sub-regional basis between the countries where those bands and sub-bands
are allocated to the Amateur Service. The words "national band planning" refer to bands
which are available only in a single country (such as the 70 MHz band allocation), or only in a
few widely separated countries. (Torremolinos 1990)
b. In countries where the ALL MODES segment 2322 - 2400 MHz is not allocated to the
Amateur Service, the FM SIMPLEX and REPEATER segment 2321 - 2322 MHz may be used for
digital data transmissions. For the specification of FM see section VIb
c. In countries where the narrow-band segment 2320 - 2322 MHz is not available, the
following alternative narrow-band segments can be used:
• 2304 - 2306 MHz
• 2308 - 2310 MHz

• 2400 -2402 MHz
3400 - 3475 MHz

3400,000 500 Hz Telegraphy 3400,100 CoA and EME (b)
3400,800 MGM 3400,750 - 3400,800 Local Beacons (d)
3400,800 MGM Beacons Only (e)
3400,995 Telegraphy
3401,000 2 700 Hz All Mode
3402,000
3402,000 All Mode Satellite Downlinks (a) (c)
3410,000
3410,000 All Mode
3475,000
Footnotes:
a. CEPT Footnote EU17 permits Amateur Service in 3400 – 3410 MHz
b. EME CoA has migrated from 3456 to 3400,1 MHz to promote harmonised usage and
activity
c. Amateur Satellite Service is allocated in 3400 - 3410 MHz in Regions 2 and 3 and in
some countries of Region 1.
d. 3400,750 - 3400,800 MHz may be designated for Local Beacon use (10 W ERP max) by
National Societies.
e. Refer to Beacons Chapter for coordination of beacons in the beacon sub-band
5650,000 2 700 Hz All Modes Amateur Satellite Service (up-link)
5668,000
5668,000 2 700 Hz All Modes 5668,200 Narrow band CoA (a)
5670,000 Amateur Satellite Service (up-link)
5670,000 MGM
5700,000
5700,000 ATV
5720,000
5720,000 All Modes
5760,000
5760,000 2 700 Hz All Modes 5760,200 Narrow band CoA (a)
5760,800 5760,750 - 5760,800 Local Beacon (d)
5760,800 Telegraphy Beacons Only
5760,990 MGM
5761,000 All Modes
5762,000
5762,000 All Modes (d)
5830,000
5830,000 All Modes Amateur Satellite Service (down-link)
5850,000
Footnotes

a. Societies are urged to inform their members that stations should preferably be able
to operate in both narrow-band segments.
b. 5760,750 - 5760,800 MHz may be designated for Local Beacon use (10 W ERP max) by
National Societies.
c. Refer to Beacons Chapter for coordination of beacons in the beacon sub-band Section
d. Any wideband system shall protect narrowband applications, which have priority
10,000 – 10,500 GHz Band plan

10,000 - 10,150 MGM
10,150 - 10,250 All Modes
10,250 - 10,350 MGM
10,350 - 10,368 All Modes
10,368 - 10,368.800 2 700 Hz All Modes 10,368.2 Narrow band CoA
10,368.750 – 10,368.800 Local Beacon (d)
10,368.800 Beacons Only (c)
10,368.990
10,369 - 10,370 2700 Hz All Modes
10,370 - 10,450 All Modes
10,450 All Modes 10,450 - 10,452 Narrow band modes in
countries where 10,368 - 10,370 not available
10,500 Amateur Satellite Service
Footnotes
a. In those countries where the narrow-band segment 10,368 – 10,370 MHz is not
available, the segment 10,450 – 10,452 MHz is suggested as an alternative narrow-bandwidth
segment.
b. 10.368.750 – 10,368.800 may be designated for Local Beacon use (10 W ERP max) by
National Societies.
c. Refer to Beacons Chapter for coordination of beacons in the beacon sub-band Section
24,000 – 24,250 GHz Band plan

24,000 - 24,048 All Modes 24,025 Wideband CoA (Varna 2014)
24,048 – 2700 Hz All Modes 24,0482 Narrow band CoA

Amateur Satellite Service
Narrow Band Modes
24,048.800 24048,750 – 24048.800 MHz Local Beacon (b)
24,048.800 All Modes Beacons (c)
24,048.995
24,049 - 24,050 2700 Hz All Modes Amateur Satellite Service and Narrow Band
Modes
24,050 - 24,250 All Modes
Footnotes
a. Deleted (Varna 2014)
b. 24048.750 - 24049.800 MHz may be designated for Local Beacon use (10 W ERP max)
by National Societies.
c. Refer to Beacons Chapter for coordination of beacons in the beacon sub-band
47,000 – 47,200 GHz Band plan

47,000 All Modes
47,088
47,088 2 700 Hz All Modes 47,088200 Narrow band CoA
47,090 All Modes
47,200
75,500 – 81,500 GHz Band plan

75,500 2 700 Hz All Mode Amateur Satellite Service (Preferred) (a)
76,000 75976.200 MHz: Preferred Narrow band CoA
76,000 All Mode 76032.200 MHz: Narrow Band CoA in some countries
77,500 (not preferred) (b)
77,500 2 700 Hz All Mode 77500.200 MHz: Preferred NB CoA in countries
outside the CEPT area (non-preferred / preferred) (c)
77,501 All Mode All Modes (Preferred segment)
78,000
78,000 All Mode All Modes (not preferred)
81,500
Footnotes
a. Preferred in those CEPT countries having implemented EU35.
b. Between 77.5 and 78 GHz the amateur and amateur satellite service have a
primary/exclusive status and between 75,5-76 GHz a primary status through ECA footnote
ECA35 in CEPT countries, while the status is secondary in the remainder of the allocation. The
all mode section in the secondary segment should only be used in case the preferred segment
cannot be used
c. Preferred in those countries not having implemented EU35
122,250 – 123,000 GHz Band plan

122,250 2700 Hz All Mode Narrow Band Modes
122,251
122,251 All Mode
123,000
134,000 – 141,000 GHz Band plan

134,000 All Modes Amateur Satellite Service
134,928
134,928 2 700 Hz All Modes 134,930 GHz Narrow band CoA
134,930

134,930 All Modes
136,000
136,000 All Modes (not preferred) (a)
141,000
Footnotes
Between 134 and 136 GHz the amateur and amateur satellite service have a primary/exclusive
status, while the status is secondary in the remainder of the allocation.
The all mode section in the secondary segment should only be used in case the preferred
segment cannot be used
241,000 – 250,000 GHz Band plan

241,000 All Modes (not preferred) (a)
248,000
248,000 All Modes Amateur Satellite Service and Narrow Band
248,001 Modes
248,001 All Modes (Preferred segment) (b)
250,000
Footnotes
a. The all mode section in the secondary segment should only be used in case the
preferred segment cannot be used
b. Between 248 and 250 GHz the amateur and amateur satellite service have a
primary/exclusive status, while the status is secondary in the remainder of the allocation

The International Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet?
Wikipedia is often shunned in the academic community – but in this case it gives an excellent
introduction to this subject:
The International Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet, commonly known as the NATO
phonetic alphabet and also known as the ICAO radiotelephonic, phonetic or spelling alphabet
and the ITU radiotelephonic or phonetic alphabet, is the most widely used radiotelephonic
spelling alphabet. (Source: Wikipedia, 2016)
This scheme assigns code words to the letters of the English alphabet in a standardised
fashion. As a result, critical combinations of letters and numbers can be pronounced and
understood by those who exchange voice messages by radio or telephone regardless of
language barriers or the quality of the communication channel (Wikipedia, 2016). It is
designed to work with multiple languages with different verbal inflections (accents). It is
designed to be readable under the harshest of phone (voice) reception conditions.
Development and Evolution

The driver for the development of a standardised way of translating letters of the
alphabet into standardised codes that could be broadcast over radio or telephone media was
driven by one important factor - the need to decipher information from the surrounding
noise. Not only were telephone lines of dubious quality in the early part of the 20th century,
but also the battlefield with its multitudes of sounds - guns firing, bombs exploding, soldiers
yelling – often made the reception of low-quality voice signals difficult. Aircraft noise was also
phenomenally loud. Spelling out individual words improved recognition considerably, but it
still had its limitations (Study.com - 2016).
ln 1927, the International Telecommunication Union (lTU), created a spelling alphabet
that was originally developed as a tool for aviation communications (Twidell, 2010). This
version evolved so that in 1932 the ITU had approved the following phonetic mnemonics,
based primarily around geographic entities - Amsterdam, Baltimore, Casablanca, Denmark,
Edison, Florida, Gallipoli, Havana, Italia, Jerusalem, Kilogramme, Liverpool, Madagascar, New
_York, Oslo, Paris, Quebec, Roma, Santiago, Tripoli, Upsala, Valencia, Washington, Xanthippe,
Yokohama, Zurich (source: Twidell, 2010)
Earlier versions were not global; the USA developed its own military version as early
as 1913. The ITU system was used until World War ll. Radio was the primary mode of
communication in World War II, but given the earlier-mentioned issues, it was not a perfect
system.
The US adopted the Joint Army/Navy Phonetic Alphabet during 1941 to standardize
systems amongst all branches of its armed forces. This system became known as "Able Baker"
after the words for A and B - Able, Baker, Charlie, Dog, Easy, Fox, George, How, Item, Jig, King,
Love, Mike, Nan, Oboe, Peter, Queen, Roger, Sugar, Tare, Uncle, Victor, William, X-ray, Yoke
and Zebra (Source: Wikipedia, 2016)
Deficiencies were found with this system - especially during WW II and were
addressed when the NATO organisation was formed in 1949. Nations that did not use English
as a native language also were required to use these same codes. According to Wikipedia
(2016), the languages and speakers of/from 31 nations were analysed in order to come up
with a set of words that represent letters of the alphabet that could easily be recognised
under adverse conditions with native English-language and non-English languages speakers

alike – all with different accents and vocal inflections.
The final version was implemented by the International Civil Aviation Organization
(|CAO) in 1956 and subsequently adopted by the ITU. Also, according to Wikipedia (2016):
"Because the ITU governs all international radio communications, it was also adopted by all
radio operators, whether military civilian, or amateur. It was finally adopted by the IMO
International Maritime Organization] in 1965." (after Knoji, 2016).
Phonetics and AR
ln the early 20th century there were very few countries in which radio amateurs had
been able to organize themselves into national associations. ln many countries, amateur radio
operation was actively discouraged or even illegal. Fortunately, there were far-sighted
individuals who understood the problem and were able to find a solution. ln 1925 they met
in Paris and formally created the International Amateur Radio Union or IARU (IARU, 2016).
The IARU is recognized by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) as the
representative of the interests of radio amateurs throughout the world. It is the voice of
amateurs in the offices and meeting rooms of the ITU and regional telecommunications
organisations, where the decisions affecting our future access to the radio spectrum are made
(after IARU, 2016).
The Official Version

The official version listed under "Amateur Operating procedures, by the ACMA2 (2015)
is reproduced below:
Letters
Letter Code Word Spoken as
A ALFA AL fah
B BROVO BRAH voh
C CHARLIE CHAR lee or SHAR lee
D DELTA DELL tah
E ECHO ECK oh
F FOXTROT FOKS trot
G GOLF GOLF
H HOTEL hoh TEL
I INDIA IN DEE AH
J JULIETT JEW lee ETT
K KILO KEY loh
L LIMA LEE mah
M MIKE MIKE
N NOVEMBER no VEM ber
O OSCAR OSS cah
P PAPA pah PAH
Q QUEBEC keh BECK
R ROMEO ROW me oh
S SIERRA see AIR rah
T TANGO TANG go
U UNIFORM YOU nee form or OO nee form
V VICTOR VIC tah

Letter Code Word Spoken as
W WHISKY WISS key
X X-RAY ECKS ray
Y YANKEE YANG key
Z ZULU ZOO loo
Numbers
Number Spoken As
1 WUN
2 TOO
3 THUH-REE
4 FO-WER
5 FI-YIV
6 SIX
7 SEVEN
8 AIT
9 NINER
0 ZERO
Pronunciation
The ACMA have provided these tables as a guide for all amateurs to follow. They have
also provided a rough assistance with pronunciation, suggesting that "Emphasis should be
placed on the syllable which is shown in capital letters" (ACMA, 2015).
ln Conclusion
Protocol is important in amateur radio; without it we would descend into chaos.
Amateurs do not want the chaos and abusive nature of the effectively unpoliced “Citizen
bands.” We go through extensive training not only in technical areas but also in regulations
and protocol in order to avoid descending into chaos.
The International Radiotelephony Spelling Alphabet (NATO Phonetics) and its usage,
are a key part of the on-air protocols that we as amateurs internationally should adhere to.
Therefore, we all must make the effort to use this - not only so that our signals and call signs
can be easily heard, but also so that we do not let standards slip. We must set examples not
only for our new operators but also to other operators internationally - some who abuse these
protocols considerably and as a result are rather difficult to understand in our part of the
world.
Note that this article is only designed as a brief overview - somewhat of a “reminder”
to all Amateurs that we do have protocols and conventions that we follow in amateur radio.
I would actively encourage others with a passion for the history of the development of radio
to expand this article and its concepts further as there is a lot that can be learned from this.
As I state in most articles, the acronym “HAM” can be broken down into the words
“Help All Mankind.” Perhaps just this simple adherence to an IARU and hence ITU standard is
just one way of assisting all in the amateur community making better communication with
each other?
References
1. ACMA (2015) “Amateur operating procedures” at

http://www.acma.gov.au/Citizen/Consumer-info/All-about-spectrum/Marine-and-
Amateur_Radio/amateur-operating-procedures accessed 22/5/1 6
2. IARU (2016) “History” at http://www.iaru.org/history.html accessed 22/5/16
3. Knoji (2016) “The NATO Phonetic Alphabet: History and Uses” at https://miIitary-
government_careers.knoji.com/the_nato_phonetic-alphabet-history_and_uses/ accessed
22/5/16
4. Study.com (2016) “The NATO Phonetic Alphabet: History & Uses" at
http://study.com/academy/Iesson/the-nato_phonetic-alphabet_history_uses.html accessed
22/5/16
5. Twidell, Adam (2010) “History of the NATO phonetic alphabet” at
https://bIog.privatefly.com/history-of-the-nato-phonetic_alphabet accessed 22/5/16
6. Wikipedia (2016) "NATO phonetic alphabet” at
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NATO_phonetic_alphabet accessed 22/5/16
First publish in Amateur Radio, November 2016. Amateur Radio is the journal of the
Wireless Institute of Australia.
1F-callers - the Australian Foundation Licence, the call sign is in the format VK$Faaa -
VK3FROG. (Like our ZU licence, but without the age restriction!)
2 ACMA - Australian Communications and Media Authority - their regulator.

RST system
Readability
1 Unreadable
2 Barely readable, occasional words distinguishable
3 Readable with considerable difficulty
4 Readable with practically no difficulty
5 Perfectly readable
Signal Strength
1 Faint signals, barely perceptible
2 Very weak signals
3 Weak signals
4 Fair signals
5 Fairly good signals
6 Good signals
7 Moderately strong signals
8 Strong signals
9 Extremely strong signals
Tone
1 Sixty cycle AC or less, very rough and broad
2 Very rough AC, very harsh and broad
3 Rough AC tone, rectified but not filtered
4 Rough note, some trace of filtering
5 Filtered rectified AC but strongly ripple-modulated
6 Filtered tone, definite trace of ripple modulation
7 Near pure tone, trace of ripple modulation
8 Near perfect tone, slight trace of modulation
9 Perfect tone, no trace of ripple or modulation of any kind
Infrequently used is the addition of a letter to the end of the 3 numbers. These are: X = the
signal is rock steady like a crystal controlled signal; C = the signal is chirpy as the frequency
varies slightly with keying; and K = the signal has key clicks.
X is from the early days of radio when such steady signals were rare. Today most all
signals could be given an X but it is hardly ever used. It is helpful to report a chirpy or clicky
signal by using the C or K, e.g. 579C or 579K.

Some Q signals
QRA - What is the name of your station? QRQ - Shall I send faster? Send faster
The name of my station is ___. (___ WPM.)
QRG - Will you tell me my exact QRS - Shall I send more slowly? Send
frequency? Your exact frequency is ___ more slowly (___ WPM.)
kHz. QRT - Shall I stop sending? Stop sending.
QRH - Does my frequency vary? Your QRU - Have you anything for me? I have
frequency varies. nothing for you.
QRI - How is the tone of my QRV - Are you ready? I am ready.
transmission? The tone of your QRX - When will you call me again? I will
transmission is ___ (1 - Good, 2 - Variable, call you again at ___ hours.
3 - Bad.) QRZ - Who is calling me? You are being
QRK - What is the intelligibility of my called by ___.
signals? The intelligibility of your signals is QSA - What is the strength of my
___ (1 - Bad, 2 - Poor, 3 - Fair, 4 - Good, 5 - signals? The strength of your signals is ___
Excellent.) (1 - Scarcely perceptible, 2 - Weak, 3 -
QRL - Are you busy? I am busy, please Fairly Good, 4 - Good, 5 - Very Good.)
do not interfere QSB - Are my signals fading? Your
QRM - Is my transmission being signals are fading.
interfered with? Your transmission is being QSD - Is my keying defective? Your
interfered with ___ (1 - Nil, 2 - Slightly, 3 - keying is defective.
Moderately, 4 - Severely, 5 - Extremely.) QSK - Can you hear me between you
QRN - Are you troubled by static? I am signals and if so can I break in on your
troubled by static ___ (1-5 as under QRM.) transmission? I can hear you between my
QRO - Shall I increase power? Increase signals, break in on my transmission.
power. QSL - Can you acknowledge receipt? I
QRP - Shall I decrease power? Decrease am acknowledging receipt.
power.

QSO - Can you communicate with ___ QSY - Shall I change to another
direct or by relay? I can communicate with frequency? Change to another frequency.
___ direct (or by relay through ___.) QTC - How many messages have you to
QSP - Will you relay to ___? I will relay send? I have ___ messages for you.
to ___. QTH - What is your location? My
QSV - Shall I send a series of Vs on this location is ___.
frequency? Send a series of Vs on this QUA - Have you news of ___? I have
frequency. news of ___.
Note: The Q signals take the form of a question when followed by a question mark.
Useful abbreviations
ABT - About DX - Distance

ADR - Address EL - Element
AGN - Again ES - And
AM - Amplitude Modulation FB - Fine Business, excellent
ANT - Antenna FER - For
BCI - Broadcast Interference FM - Frequency Modulation: From
BCL - Broadcast Listener GA - Go ahead; Good Afternoon
BCNU - Be seeing you GB - Good bye, God Bless
BK - Break, Break in GD - Good
BN - All between; Been GE - Good Evening
BT - Separation (break) between addr GESS - Guess
& text; between txt & signature GG - Going
BTR - Better GM - Good morning
BUG - Semi-Automatic key GN - Good night
B4 - Before GND - Ground
C - Yes, Correct GUD - Good
CFM - Confirm; I confirm HH - Error in sending
CK - Check HI - The telegraph laugh; High
CKT - Circuit HPE - Hope
CL - I am closing my station; Call HQ - Headquarters
CLBK - Callbook HR - Here; Hear
CLD - Called HV - Have
CLG - Calling HW - How, How Copy?
CNT - Can’t IMI - Repeat, Say Again
CON - DX Conditions INFO - Info
CQ - Calling any station LID - A poor operator
CU - See You LTR - Later; letter
CUL - See You later MA - Milliamperes
CUM - Come MSG - Message; Prefix to radiogram
CW - Continuous wave N - No, Negative, Incorrect, No More
DE - From, This Is NCS - Net Control Station
DIFF - Difference ND - Nothing Doing NIL – Nothing; I
DN - Down have nothing for you
DR - Dear NM - No more

NR - Number TMW - Tomorrow
NW - Now; I resume transmission TKS - Thanks
OB - Old boy TNX - Thanks
OC - Old chap TR - Transmit
OM - Old man T/R - Transmit/Receive
OP - Operator TRIX - Tricks
OPR - Operator TT - That
OT - Old timer; Old top TTS - That is
PSE - Please TU - Thank you; To you
PWR - Power TVI - Television interference
R - Received as transmitted; Are TX - Transmitter; Transmit
RC - Ragchew TXT - Text
RCD - Received U - You
RCVR - Receiver UR - Your; You’re
RE - Concerning; Regarding URS - Yours
REF - Refer to; Referring to; Reference VFB - Very fine business
RFI - Radio frequency interference VFO - Variable Frequency Oscillator
RIG - Station equipment VY - Very
RPT - Repeat, Report W - Watts
RTTY - Radio teletype WID - With
RST - Readability, strength, tone WKD - Worked
RX - Receive, Receiver WKG - Working
SASE - Self-addressed, stamped envelope WL - Well; Will
SED - Said WPM - Words Per Minute
SEZ - Says WRD - Word
SIG - Signature; Signal WUD - Would
SINE - Operator’s personal initials or WX - Weather
nickname XCVR - Transceiver
SKED - Schedule XMTR - Transmitter
SRI - Sorry XTAL - Crystal
SS - Sweepstakes XYL - Wife
SSB - Single Side Band YL - Young lady
STN - Station YR - Year
SUM - Some 73 - Best Regards
SVC - Service; Prefix to service message 88 - Love and kisses
TFC - Traffic 161 - 73 + 88 = 161

Abbreviations and acronyms list
Note: the abbreviations are capitalised correctly as they should appear; the expansions use
capitals where they are properly required – e.g.;
k - kilo (multiplier, x 1,000)
K - kelvin
SARL - South African Radio League (NOT sarel!)
A - amp (ampere) ARISS - Amateur Radio on the

AAA - All Africa Award International Space Station
AC - activity contest ARPTC - Autorite de Regulation de la Poste
AC - Administrative Council et des Telecommunications du Congo
ADC - analogue to digital converter (DRC)
ADIF - Amateur Data Interchange Format AROS - Amateur Radio Observation
ADSL - asymmetric digital subscriber line Service
AF - audio frequency (about 20 Hz to ARRL - American Radio Relay League
about 20 kHz) ARS - amateur radio society
AFS - Affiliated Society (contest) AS - aircraft scatter
AGC - automatic gain control ASCII - American Standard Code for
AGL - above ground level Information Interchange
Ah - amp-hour (e.g. battery capacity) ASK - amplitude shift keying
ALC - automatic level control ASL - above sea level
ALE - automatic link establishment ATC - air traffic control
AM - amplitude modulation ATC - amateur transmitting club
AMSATSA - Amateur Satellite Organisation ATNO - all-time new one
in South Africa ATS - amateur transmitting society
AMTOR - amateur teleprinting over radio ATT - attenuator (radio panel marking)
AMU - antenna matching unit ATU - antenna tuning unit
AOTA - Airfields on the Air ATU - African Telecommunications
APF - all pass filter Union
APRS - automatic packet reporting ATV - amateur television
system AWA - Antique Wireless Association
APSK - amplitude and phase shift keying Az - azimuth
APT - automatic picture transmission b - bit
APT - Asia-Pacific Telecommunity B - byte
ARA - amateur radio association BACAR - Balloon Carrying Amateur Radio
ARAC - Association des Radio Amateurs BARS - Botswana Amateur Radio Society
du Congo (DRC) BARTG - British Amateur Radio Teledata
ARC - amateur radio club Group
ARDF - amateur radio direction finding BATC - British Amateur Television Club
AREDN - Amateur Radio Emergency Data BC - broadcast
Network BCI - broadcast interference
ARG - amateur radio group BEAMA - British Electrotechnical and Allied
ARI - Associazione Radioamatori Italiani Manufacturers’ Association
(Italian national society) BERU - British Empire Radio Union (now
known as the Commonwealth Contest)

BLM - Board liaison member CLK - clock (control signal)
BM - balanced modulator or balanced cm - centimetre (0.01 m)
mixer CMOS - complimentary metal-oxide-
BNC - Bayonet Neill-Concelman semiconductor
(connector) condx - condition(s)
BOCRA - Botswana Communications CoTY - Club of the Year
Regulatory Authority cps - characters per second
BPF - band pass filter cps - cycles per second (Hz)
BPSK - binary phase shift keying (deprecated)
BVWS - British Vintage Wireless Society CQ WW - CQ worldwide (contest
BW - bandwidth programme)
BWO - backward-wave oscillator CRAN - Communications Regulatory
BWO - Bridge Wireless Office (e.g. aboard Authority of Namibia
HMS Belfast) CRASA - Communications Regulators of
C - Celsius (centigrade) Southern Africa
C - coulomb (unit of electric charge) CRC - cyclic redundancy check
C&G - City and Guilds CRT - cathode ray tube
CAN - controller area network (bus) CSC - Contest Support Committee
CAPEX - capital expenditure CSIR - Council for Scientific and
CAR - carrier [level] (radio panel Industrial Research
marking) CSPIR - The Comité International Spécial
CASHOTA - Castles and Stately Homes on des Perturbations Radioélectriques
the Air (International Special Committee on Radio
CAT - Central African Time; computer- Interference)
assisted transceiver (or computer-aided) CTCSS - continuous tone coded squelch
CATV - Community Access Television (or system
Community Antenna Television) (cable TV) CTS - clear to send
CB - Citizen’s Band CV - curriculum vitae
CC - club contest c/w - complete with
CC - Contest Committee CW - continuous wave (usually meaning
CCC - Commonwealth Century Club Morse code)
(operating award) DAC - digital to analogue converter
CDXC - Chiltern DX Club DARC - Deutscher Amateur-Radio-Club
CE - chip enable (control signal) (German national society)
CENELEC - European Committee for DATV - digital amateur television
Electrotechnical Standardization dB - decibel
CEPT - European Conference of Postal dBc - decibels relative to carrier
and Telecommunications Administrations dBd - decibels relative to a dipole
CHU - Canadian government standard dBFS - decibels relative to full scale
time station 3 330, 7 850 and 14 670 kHz dBi - decibels relative to an isotropic
CIGRÉ - Conseil International des Grands radiator
Réseaux Électriques (Council for Large dBm - decibels relative to one milliwatt
Electrical Systems) DBM - double-balanced mixer
CITEL - Comisión Interamericana de dBW - decibels relative to one watt
Telecomunicaciones (Inter-American DC - direct current
Telecommunication Commission) DCC - Data Communications Committee
CLAR - clarifier (radio panel marking) DCS - digital coded squelch

DDS - direct digital synthesiser EC - Executive Committee
DFIG - doubly fed induction generator EEPROM - electrically erasable
DIN - Deutsches Institut für Normung programmable read-only memory
(German standards institute) EG - Examinations Group
DMR - Digital Mobile Radio EIRP - effective isotropic radiated power
DNR - digital noise reduction El - elevation
DOCSIS- Data Over Cable Service Interface ele - [antenna] element(s)
Specification ELF - extremely low frequency (300 Hz
DORA - Directory of Resources and Advice to 3 kHz)
DSB - double sideband EMC - electromagnetic compatibility
DSC - digital selective calling EME - earth-moon-earth (Moonbounce)
DSB-SC - double sideband suppressed EHF - extremely high frequency (30 GHz
carrier to 300 GHz)
DSP - digital signal processing (or EMP - electromagnetic pulse
processor) ENA - enable
DSSC - dual sideband suppressed carrier ENR - excess noise ratio
DSSS - direct sequence spread spectrum EPROM - erasable programmable read-
D-Star - Digital Smart Technologies for only memory
Amateur Radio EQAM - Examination Quality Assurance
DTL - diode-transistor logic Manager
DTMF - dual tone multi frequency (Touch- ERP - effective radiated power
Tone) Es - Sporadic-E (propagation)
DUT - device under test ESC - Examination Standards
DVB-S - digital video broadcasting – Committee
satellite ESM - Examinations Standards Manager
DVB-S2- digital video broadcasting – ETCC - Emerging Technology Co-
satellite, second generation ordination Committee
DVB-T - digital video broadcasting – EU - European Union
terrestrial EUV - extreme ultraviolet
DVB-T2 - digital video broadcasting – EW - electronic warfare
satellite, second generation EZNEC® - NEC-based antenna modelling
DX - long distance software
DXCC - DX Century Club (award F - farad
programme) F - noise factor (note italic F)
DXpedition - one or more amateurs going f - frequency (general)
to an (usually infrequently activated) foF2 - critical frequency (highest
location to activate the square, country, frequency returned by the F2 layer)
island (or whatever) for a short time for FAQ - frequently asked questions
the benefit of those wanting to work that FCC - Federal Communications
place Commission (USA regulator)
e - base of the natural logarithm FDD - frequency division duplexing
(2.71828…) FDM - frequency division multiplexing
ECSS - exalted-carrier selectable- FDIM - Four Days in May
sideband (zero beat tuning to receive AM FEC - forward error correction
on SSB mode) FET - field-effect transistor
EDR - Experimenterende Danske FFT - Fast Fourier Transform
Radioamatører (Danish national society)

FFTW - fastest Fourier Transform in the HAAT - height above average terrain
West Hamnet - Highspeed Amateur-radio
FH - frequency hopping Multimedia NETwork
FIR - far infrared HAREC - Harmonised Amateur Radio
FM - frequency modulation Examination Certificate
FMAC - FM activity contest HD - high definition
FOSS - free open-source software HDTV - high definition television
FP - floating point HF - high frequency (3 to 30 MHz)
FPGA - field programmable gate array HFC - HF Convention (now RSGB
fps - feet per second Convention)
fps - frames per second HFC - hybrid fibre coaxial
FPV - first person view (or video) HFCC - HF Contest Committee
FRED - Flippen Ridicules Electronic Device HPF - high pass filter
FS - full scale HPWPT - high power wireless power
FS - field strength transfer
FSD - full scale deflection HS - heatsink
FSK - frequency shift keying HVDC - high voltage direct current
FSTV - fast scan television Hz - hertz (cycles per second)
ft - foot (about 305 mm) (or feet) I - current (A)
FTP - File Transfer Protocol I - in-phase component of a signal or
FTTP - fibre to the premises magnitude
FWHM - full width half maximum I/O - input / output
G - giga (multiplier, x 1 000 000 000) I/Q - in-phase and quadrature
g - gram components of a signal
GAREC - Global Amateur Radio Emergency IC - integrated circuit
Communications Conference Ic - collector current
Gb - gigabit (conventionally 1 073 741 ICASA - Independent Communications
824 bits or 1 024 Mb) Authority of South Africa
GB - gigabyte (conventionally 1 073 ICTA - Information and Communications
741 824 bytes or 1 024 MB) Technologies Authority of Mauritius
GC - good condition Id - drain current
GE - General Electric (business) ID - (or id) inside diameter
GEC - General Electric Company IDE - integrated development
GHz - gigahertz (thousand million cycles environment
per second) IDE - integrated drive electronics
GIRO - Global Ionospheric Research ISB - independent sideband
Organisation I2C - inter integrated circuit (digital
GM - General Manager (RSGB) communication)
GM - group mode IARP - International Amateur Radio
GMDX - Scottish DX Association Permit
GP - ground plane IARU - International Amateur Radio
GPIO - general purpose input / output Union
GPO - General Post Office ICNIRP - International Commission on Non-
GPS - Global Positioning System Ionizing Radiation Protection
GWO - good working order IF - intermediate frequency
H - henry IGBT - insulated-gate bipolar transistor
h - hour

ILLW - International Lighthouses and ksps - kilosymbols per second
Lightships Weekend kW - kilowatt
IMD - intermodulation distortion kWh - kilowatt-hour (3,600,000 joules)
in - inch (about 25.4 mm) LAN - local area network
INACOM - Instituto Angolano das LARS - Lesotho Amateur Radio Society
Communicações lb - pound
INCM - Instituto Nacional das LCA - Lesotho Communications
Comunicações de Moçambique Authority
IOTA - Islands on The Air (awards LCD - liquid crystal display
programme and contest) LDPC - low density parity check
IP3 - third-order intercept LED - light-emitting diode
IPO - intercept point optimisation LF - low frequency (30 to 300 kHz)
IR - infrared LHS - left hand side
IRC - international reply coupon LiFePO4 - lithium iron phosphate (battery
IRC - internet relay chat technology)
IRLP - Internet Radio Linking Project Li-ion - lithium-ion (battery technology)
IRQ - interrupt request LiPo - (also Li-Po) lithium-polymer
IRTS - Irish Radio Transmitting Society (battery technology)
ISB - independent sideband LNA - low noise amplifier
ISBN - international standard book LNTA - low noise transconductance
number amplifier
ISCAT - ionospheric scattering LO - local oscillator
ISM - Industrial, Scientific and Medical LotW - Logbook of the World
ISP - internet service provider LP - log periodic
ISS - International Space Station LPF - low pass filter
ITU - International Telecommunications LREM - Liga dos Radio Emissores de
Union Mocambique
ITS - Institute for Telecommunication LSB - least significant bit
Sciences (USA) LSB - lower sideband
J - joule LVD - Low Voltage Directive
JARL - Japan Amateur Radio League LVDS - low voltage differential signalling
JFET - junction field effect transistor LW - long wave (about 150 to 300 kHz)
JOTA - Jamboree on the Air LWIR - long wavelength infrared
JPL - Jet Propulsion Laboratory (NASA) M - mega (multiplier, x 1 000 000)
JTDX - [K1]JT modes for DXing m - metre
K - kelvin (NB: never °K) mA - milliamp (0.001 A, 1 000 µA)
K - (Morse) invitation to transmit mAh - milliamp-hour (e.g. battery
k - kilo (multiplier, x 1 000) capacity)
kb - kilobit (conventionally 1024 bits) MACRA - Malawi Communications
kB - kilobyte (conventionally 1024 Regulatory Authority
bytes) MARC - Marconi Amateur Radio Circle
kc/s - kilocycles per second (kilohertz) (Malta)
(deprecated) MARL - Malta Amateur Radio League
kg - kilogram (1 000 g) Mb - megabit (conventionally 1048576
kHz - kilohertz (thousand cycles per bits or 1024 kb)
second) MB - megabyte (conventionally
km - kilometre 1048576 bytes or 1024 kB)

MC - master of ceremonies NB - noise blanker
Mc/s - megacycles per second NB - nota bene (note well, take note
(megahertz) (deprecated) of)
MER - modulation error rate NDB - non-directional beacon
MF - medium frequency (300 kHz to 3 NEC - Numerical Electromagnetics Code
MHz) NF - noise figure
MFSK - multiple frequency shift keying NF - noise floor
MGM - machine-generated mode NFD - National Field Day
MHz - megahertz (million cycles per NMEA - National Marine Electronics
second) Association (USA)
MIMO - multiple input multiple output NOAA - National Oceanic and Atmospheric
MLS - maximum (or maximal) length Administration (USA)
sequence NOR - not-OR (logic function)
mm - millimetre (0.001 m) NiCd - nickel-cadmium (battery
MO - multiple operator technology)
MOLF - Memorable Order of the Lunatic NiFe - nickel-ion (battery technology)
Fringe NiMH - nickel-metal hydride (battery
MOSFET - metal oxide semiconductor field technology)
effect transistor NIR - near infrared
MOTA - Museums on the Air nm - nanometre (1 × 10-9 m)
MOTA - Mills on the Air NMOS - N-type metal-oxide-
MOTH - Memorable Order of the Tin Hats semiconductor
MPEG - Moving Picture Experts Group NPOTA - National Parks on the Air
MR - moonrise NRRL - Norsk Radio Relæ Liga (Norwegian
MS - meteor scatter national society)
MS - moonset NSD - noise spectral density
MSF - UK NPL standard time service NSRI - National Sea Rescue Institute
broadcast on 60 kHz NTSC - National Television Standards
MSHV - meteor scatter [software by Committee (USA)
LZ2HV] NVIS - near vertical incidence skywave
Msps - megasymbols per second NZART - New Zealand Association of Radio
MSB - most significant bit Transmitters
MUF - maximum usable frequency OBO - on behalf of
mult - multiplier (contesting) OCXO - oven controlled crystal oscillator
MW - medium wave (roughly 525 - 1 OCFD - off-centre fed dipole
600 kHz) OD - (or od) outside diameter
MW - megawatt ODX - longest distance (best DX)
MWIR - medium wavelength infrared OEM - original equipment manufacturer
n - nano (multiplier, x 0,000 000 001) OIRO - offer(s) in the region of
NAND - not-AND (logic function) OKOSA - Onafhanklike Kommunikasie
NARC - National Amateur Radio Centre Owerheid van Suid-Afrika
NARL - Namibian Amateur Radio League OLED - organic light-emitting diode
NWAGS – Namibian Worked All Grid ONO - or near offer
Squares OOK - on-off keying
NARS - Nasionale Amateurradiosentrum OPEX - operational expenditure
NASA - National Aeronautics and Space OQPSK - offset quadrature phase-shift
Administration (USA) keying

OQRS - online QSL request QRA - call sign
osc - oscillator QRM - interference from artificial sources
OTA - on the air QRN - interference from natural sources
OVNO - or very near offer QRO - high power
oz - ounce QRP - low power (usually <5 W)
p - pico (multiplier, x 0,000 000 000 QRPp - very low power (often well under
001) 1 W)
PA - power amplifier QRS - please send slower
PAL - phase alternating line QRS - slow Morse code
PBT - passband tuning QRSs - extremely slow Morse code
PCM - pulse code modulation (seconds to hours per dit)
PD - potential difference QRT - cease operating
PD - product detector QRV - (ready to) operate
PE - protective earth QRX - wait
pk - peak QRZ - who is calling me?
pk-pk - peak to peak QSB - fading
PLL - phase-locked loop QSK - listening (or interrupting) between
PM - phase modulation transmissions
PMG - Postmaster General QSL - confirmation of contact
PMOS - P-type metal-oxide- QSO - communication
semiconductor QST - general call to all stations (also,
PMR - private mobile radio QST - ARRL monthly magazine for
PN - phase noise members
POTA - Parks on the Air QSX - I am listening on [frequency]
POTRAZ - Postal and Telecommunications QSY - change frequency
Regulatory Authority of Zimbabwe QTH - position (e.g. address)
POTS - plain old telephone system QTHR - registered’ position (e.g., address
PPR - pulses per revolution as listed in callbook)
PRNG - pseudo-random noise generator Qu - unloaded quality factor
PROM - programmable read-only memory QUCS - Quite Universal Circuit Simulator
pp - peak to peak RAC - Radio Amateurs of Canada
p-p - peak to peak RadCom - RSGB monthly magazine for
P&P - packing and postage Members
PPM - pulse position modulation RAE - Radio Amateur Examination
PSK - phase shift keying RAFARS - Royal Air Force Amateur Radio
PSTN - public switched telephone Society
network RAOTA - Radio Amateurs Old Timers’
PTT - push to talk Association
PV - photovoltaic R&TTE - Radio Equipment and
PVC - polyvinyl chloride Telecommunications Terminal Equipment
PZK - Polski Zwiazek Krótkofalowców RAYNET - UK Radio Amateurs’ Emergency
(Polish national society) Network
Q - quadrature component of a signal RBN - reverse beacon network
or magnitude RBTV - reduced bandwidth television
Q - quality factor RC - radio club
QAM - quadrature amplitude modulation RC - resistor-capacitor (network, time
QPSK - quadrature phase shift keying constant etc)

RCF - Radio Communications SCART - Syndicat des Constructeurs
Foundation d’Appareils Radiorécepteurs et Téléviseurs
RDRc - Russian Digital Radio Amateur (French Radio and Television Receiver
Club Manufacturers’ Association)
RED - Radio Equipment Directive SCC - special contest callsign
REF - Réseau des Émetteurs Français SCCOM - Swaziland Communications
(French national society) Commission
REP - Rede dos Emissores Portugueses SCL - serial clock (I2C)
(Portuguese national society) SD - Secure Digital
RF - radio frequency SD - standard definition
RFI - radio frequency interference SDA - serial data (I2C)
RHS - right hand side SDR - software defined radio
RIT - receiver incremental tuning SECAM - Séquentiel couleur à mémoire
RL - return loss SFDR - spurious-free dynamic range
RMDR - reciprocal mixing dynamic range SFI - solar flux index
RMS - root mean square SHF - super high frequency (3 to 30
RNAS - Royal Naval Air Station GHz)
RNLI - Royal National Lifeboat Institution SI - Système international (d’unités)
ROM - read-only memory (international system of units)
ROTA - Railways on the Air sic - sic erat scriptum, “thus was it
RP - reverse polarity (e.g. RP-SMA) written” (meaning “this is an exact
RS - readability, signal quotation, not a transcription error”)
RS - register select SISO - single input single output
RSARS - Royal Signals Amateur Radio SK - silent key (the person is dead)
Society sked - scheduled contact (e.g. Alice calls
RSGB - Radio Society of Great Britain Bob every Monday at 2 pm on 145.450
RSS - Radio Society of Swaziland MHz)
RST - readability, signal, tone SLALIB - Subprogram Library A
RSZ - Radio Society of Zambia SMA - sub miniature version A connector
RTL - resistor-transistor logic SMB - sub miniature version B connector
RTO - regional telecommunication SMC - sub miniature version C connector
organisation SMD - surface mount device
RTS - request to send SMT - surface mount technology
RTTY - radio teletype S/N - signal to noise (ratio)
RW - read / write S/N - serial number
R/W - read / write SNR - signal to noise ratio
Rx - receive (or receiver) SO - single operator
s - second SO2R - single operator two radios
S - siemens (unit of conductance) SO2V - single operator two VFOs
S&P - search and pounce SOTA - Summits on the Air
SARL - South African Radio League SPI - serial peripheral interface
SARL HAMNET - the Emergency SR - symbol rate
Communications division of the SARL SS - spread spectrum
SAST - South African Standard Time (the SSB - single sideband
same as CAT) SSN - smoothed sunspot number
SAT - Sentraal Afrika Tyd SSPA - solid state power amplifier
SAW - surface acoustic wave SSTV - slow scan television

STARS - Support to the Amateur Radio UK&CD- United Kingdom [of Great Britain
Service (IARU programme) and Northern Ireland] and Crown
STEM - science, technology, engineering Dependencies
and mathematics UKAC - UK Activity Contest
STL - small transmitting loop UKSMG - United Kingdom Six Metre Group
SW - short wave (roughly 2 – 30 MHz) UKuG - United Kingdom Microwave
SWL - short wave listener Group
SWR - standing wave ratio uPVC - unplasticised polyvinyl chloride
T - tera (multiplier, x 1 000 000 000 URAC - Union des Radioamateurs du
000) Congo
T - turns (on an inductor) URE - Unión de Radioaficionados
TCRA - Tanzania Communications Españoles (Spanish national society)
Regulatory Authority URL - uniform resource locator
TCXO - temperature compensated crystal US - United States
oscillator USA - United States of America
TD - time division USB - Universal Serial Bus
TDD - time division duplexing USB - upper sideband
TDM - time division multiplexing USKA - The Union of Swiss Short Wave
TEC - Training and Education Amateurs (German, Union Schweizerischer
Committee Kurzwellen-Amateure, Italian, Unione
TEC - total electron content Radioamatori di Onde Corte Svizzeri,
(propagation) French Union des Amateurs Suisses
TL - transmission line d'Ondes Courtes)
TLA - three-letter acronym (or UTC - Temps Universel Coordonné
abbreviation) (Coordinated Universal Time)
TNC - threaded Neill-Concelman V - volt
(connector) VCO - voltage controlled oscillator
TNC - terminal node controller VDSL - very high bit-rate digital
TOR - teleprinter over radio subscriber line
TOR - The Onion Router (internet VERON - Vereniging voor Experimenteel
anonymity network) Radio Onderzoek Nederland (Dutch
TRAC - Tanzania Amateur Radio Club national society)
tropo - tropospheric propagation VFO - variable frequency oscillator
TS - transport stream VGC - very good condition
TTL - transistor-transistor logic VHF - very high frequency (30 to 300
TV - television MHz)
Tx - transmit (or transmitter) VHFCC - VHF Contest Committee
µ - micro (multiplier, x 0.000,001) VLF - very low frequency (3 to 30 kHz)
µA - microamp (0,000 001 A) VNA - vector network analyser
UBA - Royal Union of Belgian Radio VOACAP - Voice of America Coverage
Amateurs Analysis Program
UBN - Unique, Busted or Not-in-the-log VoIP - voice over internet protocol
(contesting) VOX - voice operated switch
UHF - ultra-high frequency (300 MHz to VPL - visual programming language
3 GHz) Vs - supply voltage
UK - United Kingdom of Great Britain VSWR - voltage standing wave ratio
and Northern Ireland VXO - variable crystal oscillator

W - watt WSPR - Weak Signal Propagation Reporter
WAB - Worked All Britain WWFF – Would Wide Fauna and Flora
WAC - Worked All Continents WWV - US Government standard
WAGS - Worked All Grid Squares frequency and time station 2.5, 5, 10, 15,
WAS - Worked All States 20 and 25 MHz
WARC - World Administrative Radio WX - weather
Congress X - impedance
WARD - World Amateur Radio Day xcvr - transceiver
WAZ - Worked All Zones xmtr - transmitter
WAZS - Worked all ZS XOR - exclusive-OR (logic)
WDM - wavelength division multiplexing xtal - crystal
WHY - what have you? (what do you XTLA - extended three-letter acronym (or
have [to offer]) abbreviation) (i.e. four letters)
Wi-Fi - type of wireless networking XYL - ex YL (wife)
WIA - Wireless Institute of Australia yd - yard (about 0.914 m)
WKD - (or wkd) worked YL - young lady
WLAN - wireless local area network YOTA - Youth on the Air
WPM - words per minute Z - impedance
WPS - Wi-Fi Protected Setup ZARS - Zimbabwe Amateur Radio Society
WPT - wireless power transfer ZICTA - Zambia Information and
WRC - World Radiocommunication Communications Technology Authority
Conference ZHR - zenithally hourly rate
WRPSA- World Radio Propagation Study Zo - characteristic impedance
Association
Common symbols
~ approximately (or almost) equal to

͌ approximately (or almost) equal to
≠ Not equal to
≡ Identical to (or in logic expression, iff)
± plus or minus
Δ Difference
≤ less than or equal to
≥ greater than or equal to
° degree (e.g. temperature or angle)
µ micro (multiplier x 0,000 001)
∞ infinity
λ wavelength
∏ pi (3,14159…)
ω frequency in radians (equal to 2 x ∏ x frequency in Hz) SOTA in South America
Ω ohm
“ inch (25,4 mm)
“ second (time or angle)
‘ foot (12 inches, ~305 mm)
‘ minute (time or angle)
√ square root

A diary for you and/or your Club * ‘n Dagboek vir jou en/of jou Klub
January/Januarie 2019
1 Tuesday
2 Wednesday
3 Thursday
4 Friday
5 Saturday
6 Sunday
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27 Sunday
28 Monday
29 Tuesday
30 Wednesday
31 Thursday

Februarie/February 2019
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3 Sondag
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5 Dinsdag
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March/Maart 2019
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April 2019
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May/Mei 2019
1 Wednesday
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6 Monday
7 Tuesday
8 Wednesday
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11 Saturday
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14 Tuesday
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26 Sunday
27 Monday
28 Tuesday
29 Wednesday
30 Thursday
31 Friday

Junie/June 2019
1 Saterdag
2 Sondag
3 Maandag
4 Dinsdag
5 Woensdag
6 Donderdag
7 Vrydag
8 Saterdag
9 Sondag
10 Maandag
11 Dinsdag
12 Woensdag
13 Donderdag
14 Vrydag
15 Saterdag
16 Sondag
17 Maandag
18 Dinsdag
19 Woensdag
20 Donderdag
21 Vrydag
22 Saterdag
23 Sondag
24 Maandag
25 Dinsdag
26 Woensdag
27 Donderdag
28 Vrydag
29 Saterdag
30 Sondag

July/Julie 2019
1 Monday
2 Tuesday
3 Wednesday
4 Thursday
5 Friday
6 Saturday
7 Sunday
8 Monday
9 Tuesday
10 Wednesday
11 Thursday
12 Friday
13 Saturday
14 Sunday
15 Monday
16 Tuesday
17 Wednesday
18 Thursday
19 Friday
20 Saturday
21 Sunday
22 Monday
23 Tuesday
24 Wednesday
25 Thursday
26 Friday
27 Saturday
28 Sunday
29 Monday
30 Tuesday
31 Wednesday

Augustus/August 2019
1 Donderdag
2 Vrydag
3 Saterdag
4 Sondag
5 Maandag
6 Dinsdag
7 Woensdag
8 Donderdag
9 Vrydag
10 Saterdag
11 Sondag
12 Maandag
13 Dinsdag
14 Woensdag
15 Donderdag
16 Vrydag
17 Saterdag
18 Sondag
19 Maandag
20 Dinsdag
21 Woensdag
22 Donderdag
23 Vrydag
24 Saterdag
25 Sondag
26 Maandag
27 Dinsdag
28 Woensdag
29 Donderdag
30 Vrydag
31 Saterdag

September 2019
1 Sunday
2 Monday
3 Tuesday
4 Wednesday
5 Thursday
6 Friday
7 Saturday
8 Sunday
9 Monday
10 Tuesday
11 Wednesday
12 Thursday
13 Friday
14 Saturday
15 Sunday
16 Monday
17 Tuesday
18 Wednesday
19 Thursday
20 Friday
21 Saturday
22 Sunday
23 Monday
24 Tuesday
25 Wednesday
26 Thursday
27 Friday
28 Saturday
29 Sunday
30 Monday

Oktober/October 2019
1 Dinsdag
2 Woensdag
3 Donderdag
4 Vrydag
5 Saterdag
6 Sondag
7 Maandag
8 Dinsdag
9 Woensdag
10 Donderdag
11 Vrydag
12 Saterdag
13 Sondag
14 Maandag
15 Dinsdag
16 Woensdag
17 Donderdag
18 Vrydag
19 Saterdag
20 Sondag
21 Maandag
22 Dinsdag
23 Woensdag
24 Donderdag
25 Vrydag
26 Saterdag
27 Sondag
28 Maandag
29 Dinsdag
30 Woensdag
31 Donderdag

November 2019
1 Friday
2 Saturday
3 Sunday
4 Monday
5 Tuesday
6 Wednesday
7 Thursday
8 Friday
9 Saturday
10 Sunday
11 Monday
12 Tuesday
13 Wednesday
14 Thursday
15 Friday
16 Saturday
17 Sunday
18 Monday
19 Tuesday
20 Wednesday
21 Thursday
22 Friday
23 Saturday
24 Sunday
25 Monday
26 Tuesday
27 Wednesday
28 Thursday
29 Friday
30 Saturday

Desember/December 2019
1 Sondag
2 Maandag
3 Dinsdag
4 Woensdag
5 Donderdag
6 Vrydag
7 Saterdag
8 Sondag
9 Maandag
10 Dinsdag
11 Woensdag
12 Donderdag
13 Vrydag
14 Saterdag
15 Sondag
16 Maandag
17 Dinsdag
18 Woensdag
19 Donderdag
20 Vrydag
21 Saterdag
22 Sondag
23 Maandag
24 Dinsdag
25 Woensdag
26 Donderdag
27 Vrydag
28 Saterdag
29 Sondag
30 Maandag
31 Dinsdag


2019 SARL Diary of Events and Information

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2019 SARL Diary of Events and Information

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The 2019 SARL Diary of

Events and Information

Die 2019 SARL Dagboek van

“Viering van Amateur Radio se bydrae tot die samelewing”

2019 Diary of Events and Information/2019 Dagboek van Gebeure en Inligting 1

The National Body for Amateur Radio in South Africa http://www.sarl.org.za

The National Amateur Radio Centre

Sender Technology Park, 1 Octave Street, Radiokop

2019 SARL Contest Manual http://www.sarl.org.za/public/contests/contestrules.asp

Hierdie is 'n amptelike Suid-Afrikaanse Radioliga-dokument en tel as 'n regverdiging vir

2019 Diary of Events and Information/2019 Dagboek van Gebeure en Inligting 2

LOYAL… offers loyalty, encouragement and support

PROGRESSIEF... Die Amateur is progressief en sy stasie is in tred met die wetenskap. Sy

2019 Diary of Events and Information/2019 Dagboek van Gebeure en Inligting 3

Vertaal deur en met dank aan Raoul, ZS1C

2019 Diary of Events and Information/2019 Dagboek van Gebeure en Inligting 4

2019 Diary of Events and Information/2019 Dagboek van Gebeure en Inligting 5

Wêreld Kanker Dag 4 Maandag

2019 Diary of Events and Information/2019 Dagboek van Gebeure en Inligting 6

2019 Diary of Events and Information/2019 Dagboek van Gebeure en Inligting 7

2019 Diary of Events and Information/2019 Dagboek van Gebeure en Inligting 8

2019 Diary of Events and Information/2019 Dagboek van Gebeure en Inligting 9

2019 Diary of Events and Information/2019 Dagboek van Gebeure en Inligting 10

2019 Diary of Events and Information/2019 Dagboek van Gebeure en Inligting 11

2019 Diary of Events and Information/2019 Dagboek van Gebeure en Inligting 12

2019 Diary of Events and Information/2019 Dagboek van Gebeure en Inligting 13

2019 Diary of Events and Information/2019 Dagboek van Gebeure en Inligting 14

2019 Diary of Events and Information/2019 Dagboek van Gebeure en Inligting 15

2019 Diary of Events and Information/2019 Dagboek van Gebeure en Inligting 16

Grid Call Sign Frequency Tone QTH Device

2019 Diary of Events and Information/2019 Dagboek van Gebeure en Inligting 18

2019 Diary of Events and Information/2019 Dagboek van Gebeure en Inligting 19

2019 Diary of Events and Information/2019 Dagboek van Gebeure en Inligting 20

The South African Maritime Mobile Net

The South African Maritime Net operates 7

06:30 UTC - starts on 14 316 kHz for 5 to 10

2019 Diary of Events and Information/2019 Dagboek van Gebeure en Inligting 21

Zone 6. Southern Zone of North America: XE (Mexico), XF4 (Revilla Gigedo).

2019 Diary of Events and Information/2019 Dagboek van Gebeure en Inligting 22

Zone 13. Southeast Zone of South America: CX (Uruguay), LU (Argentina),

Zone 14. Western Zone of Europe: C3 (Andorra), CT (Portugal), CU (Azores Island), DL

Zone 15. Central European Zone: E7 (Bosnia Herzegovina), ES (Estonia), HA (Hungary), HV

2019 Diary of Events and Information/2019 Dagboek van Gebeure en Inligting 23

Zone 20. Balkan Zone: E4 (Palestine), JY (Jordan), LZ (Bulgaria), OD (Lebanon), SV (Greece),

Zone 22. Southern Zone of Asia: A5 (Bhutan), S2 (Bangladesh), VU (India), VU (Lakshadweep

Zone 26. South-eastern Zone of Asia: * (Paracel Islands), 3W (Vietnam), E2 (Thailand), VU

2019 Diary of Events and Information/2019 Dagboek van Gebeure en Inligting 24

Zone 37. Eastern Zone of Africa: C9 (Mozambique), ET (Ethiopia), E3 (Eritrea), J2 (Djibouti),

Zone 39. Madagascar Zone: D6 (Comoros), FH (Mayotte), FR (Reunion),FT-G (Glorioso), FT-

(*) The Paracel Islands have no official or unofficial prefix

2019 Diary of Events and Information/2019 Dagboek van Gebeure en Inligting 25

Prefix Entity Continent ITU Zone CQ Zone AAA

2019 Diary of Events and Information/2019 Dagboek van Gebeure en Inligting 27

2019 Diary of Events and Information/2019 Dagboek van Gebeure en Inligting 28

2019 Diary of Events and Information/2019 Dagboek van Gebeure en Inligting 29

2019 Diary of Events and Information/2019 Dagboek van Gebeure en Inligting 30

2019 Diary of Events and Information/2019 Dagboek van Gebeure en Inligting 31

2019 Diary of Events and Information/2019 Dagboek van Gebeure en Inligting 32

2019 Diary of Events and Information/2019 Dagboek van Gebeure en Inligting 33

2019 Diary of Events and Information/2019 Dagboek van Gebeure en Inligting 34

Prefix Entity Continent ITU Zone CQ Zone

2019 Diary of Events and Information/2019 Dagboek van Gebeure en Inligting 35

2019 Diary of Events and Information/2019 Dagboek van Gebeure en Inligting 36

2019 Diary of Events and Information/2019 Dagboek van Gebeure en Inligting 37