1) What gives the colour of an LED?

The active element.

The plastic it is encased in.
The type of gas used inside it.

2) A germanium diode is used for

rectification.
voltage stabilization.
modulation.

3) Why is a diode put in parallel with an LED?

To protect it from AC.
So it will work only above a certain voltage.
So it will work only below a certain voltage.

4) When testing the forward bias of a diode with a multimeter

the positive lead of the ohmmeter is placed on the anode.
it does not matter which terminal the positive lead of the ohmeter is placed.
the positive lead of the ohmmeter is placed on the cathode.

5) Which of the following describes the characteristics of a Thyristor?

High voltage handling.
High power handling.
High current handling.

6) Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs)

emit light of only one wavelength dependent on type.
have very wide viewing angles.
are easily damaged if forward biased b more than 5V.

7) In a semiconductor junction diode, electrons are the minority carriers

within the P region.
within the N region.
in both the N and P regions.

8) A silicon diode, when compared to a germanium diode has

a higher forward bias voltage.
the same forward bias voltage.
less forward bias voltage.

9) A zener diode
allows current to flow in one direction.
stabilizes voltage at a predetermined level.
acts like a switch.

10) A junction diode

is similar to a vacuum diode but cannot rectify.
has one p-n junction.
can handle only very small currents.
11) Reverse bias
raises the potential barrier.
lowers the potential barrier.
greatly increases the majority carrier current.

12) A diode connected across a relay coil is used to

dissipate coil spikes on switch off.
allow the coil to energize with only one polarity.
cause a delay in switching on.

13) To check the forward resistance of a diode with a multimeter, the lead connected to the positive
terminal is put to the
anode.
cathode.
either anode or cathode.

14) A thyristor has which of the following?

A positive temperature coefficient.
High resistance when switched off.
High resistance when switched on.

15) In an LED, what is used to make the colour?

The plastic lens cover.
The electrons.
The doping material.

16) An atom with 5 electrons in its outer shell is part of

a C type material.
a P type material.
an N type material.

17) A thyristor is commonly used for

overvolts regulation.
voltage regulation.
rectification.

18) A diode which emits photons when conducting is a

light emitting.
varactor.
zener.

19) The electrodes of an SCR are

gate, cathode, anode.
source, drain, gate.
anode, cathode, source.

20) What gives an LED its colour?

A gas.
The cover.
Composition and impurity of the compound.
21) Forward voltage of a silicon diode is
1.6v
0.6v
0.2v

22) What is the typical volts drop across an LED

0.2v
0.4v
1.6v

23) What diode gives off light photons when forward biased
LED.
Gunn diode.
Schottky diode.

24) The anode of a diode is connected to a +4V DC supply and the cathode is connected to a +2V DC
supply. The diode is
forward biased not conducting.
reverse biased not conducting.
forward biased conducting.

25) Using electron flow in a diode the current flows from

Anode to Cathode.
Cathode to Base.
Cathode to Anode.

26) When a hole diffuses from the p region to the n region

raises the potential barrier.
it becomes a minority carrier in the n region.
lowers the potential barrier.

27) A junction diode

can handle only small currents.
is similar to a vacuum diode but cannot rectify.
has one p-n junction.

28) A germanium diode

has a lower forward bias voltage than a silicon diode.
has a higher forward bias voltage than a silicon diode.
has the same forward bias voltage as a silicon diode.

29) What switches off a thyristor?

Reverse bias gate.
Remove the gate voltage.
Remove supply voltage.

30) When an SCR is switched on it has

low resistance.
no change in resistance.
high resistance.
31) What type of pulse is required to switch on an SCR?
Positive.
Negative.
Positive or negative.

32) A piece of pure Germanium

is electrically stable.
has a deficit of electrons.
has an excess of electrons.

33) When a diode is forward biased, current flow is mainly due to the
germanium bias junction.
majority carriers.
minority carriers.

34) When a diode is forward biased the

positive lead is connected to both N and P type.
positive lead is connected to the N type and negative to the P type.
positive lead is connected to the P type and negative to the N type.

35) What are the majority carriers for a forward biased PN junction device?
Electrons and holes.
Holes.
Electrons.

36) Germanium in its pure state is

negatively charged.
neutral.
positively charged.

37) Which diode has a lower forward bias voltage?

Silicon.
Germanium.
Both have the same forward bias voltage.

38) A Zener diode is used for

voltage stabilisation.
rectification.
voltage regulation.

39) A thyristor SCR is a

bi-directional device.
unidirectional device.
multidirectional device.

40) What component is used to turn AC to DC?

Thyristor.
Diode.
Transistor.

41) What is an intrinsic material?

One with added elements.
One with removed elements.
A pure material.

42) A diode is parallel to an LED in an AC circuit to

provide correct amount of current for LED when circuit is switched on.
prevent back EMF in the circuit when LED is switched off.
protect LED from AC current when switched on.

43) In a forward biased diode, current is carried by

majority carriers.
both.
minority carriers.

44) When checking a diode for reverse bias resistance the positive lead goes to
anode and negative lead to earth.
cathode and negative lead to anode.
anode and negative lead to cathode.

45) Zener diodes are used for

Current control.
Voltage control.
Temperature control.

46) Once started conducting an SCR switches off

only when the anode goes negative to the cathode.
automatically after a specific time.
only when the anode goes positive to the cathode.

47) In a forward biased diode, electrons leave the

the anode.
the cathode.
the doped area.

48) Diodes are

conductors.
semi-conductors.
Insulators.

49) To function, i.e. conduct, a junction diode made of silicon requires a forward bias of at least
0.2v
1.41v
1v

50) What is the average gain of an Op Amp?

20
200,000.
200.

51) Tunnel diodes have the following characteristics:

Heavily doped P-N junction with an extremely narrow depletion region.
Lightly doped P and N regions and a high reverse breakdown voltage.
Lightly doped P region, heavily doped N region and has a fast response time.

52) The capacitance of a varactor diode is

inversely proportional with reverse bias voltage.
a linear function of applied reverse bias voltage.
directly related to the forward bias voltage.

53) A semiconductor doped with an element having a valency of 5 will produce

an N type material.
either an N type or a P type depending on what type of semiconductor material is used.
a P type material.

54) In a diode clamper, if the resistor is removed making the time constant equal to C x r where r is
the reverse resistance of the diode, this will ensure a
long time constant.
short time constant.
Very Long Time Constant.

55) PIN diodes are used mainly for

linear rectifiers.
fast switching devices.
voltage operated rectifiers.

56) To enable an IMPATT diode to operate correctly, it must be

connected to a resonant circuit.
used in its reverse bias mode.
operated in its negative resistance range.

57) What type of diode would be used to stop voltage spikes across a coil of a relay?
Schottky diode.
Zener diode.
Gunn diode.

58) What is a schottky diode used for?

Rectification.
Stabilization.
Very high frequency applications.

59) When a hole diffuses from a p-region to the n-region it

becomes a minority carrier in the n-region.
lowers the potential barrier.
raises the potential barrier.

60) The junction barrier offers opposition to only

holes in the p-region.
free electrons in the n-region.
majority carriers in both regions.

61) Avalanche breakdown occurs when

reverse bias exceeds a certain value.
forward bias exceeds a certain value.
forward current becomes excessive.

62) If forward bias is increased from zero on a p-n junction, a rapid increase in current flow for a
relatively small increase in voltage occurs
when the flow of minority carriers is sufficient to cause an avalanche breakdown.
when the depletion layer becomes larger than the space charge area.
only after the forward bias exceeds the potential barrier.

63) A band pass filter excludes frequencies

below the frequency required only.
above and below the frequency required.
above the frequency required only.

64) In an unbiased p-n junction, current flow is

zero, because equal but opposite currents are crossing the junction.
zero, because no charges are crossing the junction.
due to the diffusion of minority carriers only.

65) What diode is used to stop power spikes in a coil?

Gunn diode.
Schottky diode.
Two directional zener diode.

66) What type of diode when forward biased holes and electrons recombine producing photons?
LED.
Photodiode.
Gunn.

67) A zener diode is designed to operate

below its breakdown voltage.
either above or below its breakdown voltage.
above its breakdown voltage.

68) A triac is a type of

thermistor.
transistor.
thyristor.

69) If a junction diode is reverse biased too far, the output current would
reverse direction.
cease to flow.
increase.

70) When a PN junction is forward biased, it conducts via

intrinsic carrier.
majority carrier.
minority carrier.

71) If the reverse bias voltage across a diode is too high

load current reduces to zero.
load current increases rapidly.
load current reverses.

72) An LED which emits green light uses

gallium phosphide.
gallium arsenide.
gallium arsenide phosphide.

73) An LED which emits red light uses

gallium phosphide.
gallium arsenide phosphide.
gallium arsenide.

74) A photodiode is operated under

reverse bias conditions.
forward bias conditions.
reverse or forward bias conditions.

75) To increase capacitance of a varactor diode

reverse bias voltage is increased.
reverse bias voltage is decreased.
forward bias voltage is decreased.

76) A bi-directional TRIAC has two SCRs connected in

series parallel.
inverse parallel.
parallel series.

77) A thyristor can be forward biased by a

positive or negative pulse.
negative pulse.
positive pulse.

78) In an electronic circuit, if the anode of a diode is clamped to ground. What is this called?
A negative clamping circuit.
A negative limiting circuit.
A positive clamping circuit.

79) To decrease the capacitance of a varactor

reverse bias should be decreased.
forward bias should be increased.
reverse bias should be increased.

80) A Zener diode is used across the output for a power supply circuit to
give a full wave rectification.
prevent thermal runway.
provide a steady DC voltage output without falling.

81) If a diode has gone open circuit in a full wave bridge rectifier, the output frequency ripple is
the same as the input frequency.
twice the input frequency.
half the input frequency.

82) In a full wave bridge rectifier

the output is pure DC. Frequency is 0 Hz.
the output frequency is twice the input frequency.
the output voltage is twice the input voltage.

83) After passing through a rectifier, alternating current becomes

smooth direct current.
pulsating direct current.
square wave form current.

84) A Zener diode usually works

only in reverse bias.
at variable voltages.
only in forward bias.

85) P type materials require

acceptors.
conductors.
donors.

86) Which of the following explains how the photodiode works?

Photodiodes are forward biased to conduct when light falls upon them.
Photodiodes are back biased not to conduct when light falls upon them.
Photodiodes are back biased to conduct when light falls upon them.

87) In an NPN transistor the P is the

collector.
emitter.
base.

88) When compared to a photo diode, a photo transistor

is less sensitive to light levels.
responds faster to changes of light.
is slower to respond to changes of light.

89) For correct operation of a transistor, the following conditions must apply
The base-emitter junction must be forward biased and the base-collector junction must be greater than 0.7
volts.
For an NPN transistor the base-emitter junction must be forward biased and for a PNP transistor the base
emitter junction must be reverse biased.
The base-collector junction must be reverse biased and the base-emitter junction must be forward biased.

90) When a positive voltage is applied to the base of a normally biased n-p-n common emitter
amplifier
the collector voltage goes less positive.
the emitter current decreases.
the base current decreases.

91) Which way does conventional current flow in a PNP junction?

Emitter to base.
Collector to base.
Collector to emitter.

92) For conduction of a transistor, the emitter junction is

forward or reverse as appropriate to the input signal.
reverse biased.
forward biased.

93) In a PNP transistor, which way does conventional current flow?

Base to emitter.
Collector to emitter.
Emitter to collector.

94) In a PNP transistor, conventional current will flow when

the emitter is more positive than the base.
the base is more positive than the emitter.
the collector is more positive than the emitter.

95) In a common collector circuit the output and input are

in phase.
out of phase by 60°.
out of phase by 90°.

96) For an NPN transistor to conduct the collector circuit has to be

more positive than the base.
less positive than the emitter.
more positive than the emitter.

97) The resistance measured using an AVO between the Collector and Emitter of a transistor is
smaller Collector to Emitter.
same both ways.
higher Collector to Emitter.

98) A transistor is used in

current amplifiers.
both current amplifiers and voltage amplifiers.
voltage amplifiers.

99) In which direction does the current flow on a PNP transistor when forward biased?
Emitter to base.
Emitter to collector.
Collector to emitter.

100) With an NPN transistor electrons leave the

Base.
Collector.
Emitter.

101) In a transistor, the arrow always points in the direction of

electron flow.
conventional current.
emitter.

102) In an NPN transistor the

collector is more positive than the base.
collector is the same as the base.
emitter is more positive than the base.

103) If light entering a photo transistor decreases, the current to the collector
decreases.
remains the same.
increases.

104) A silicon bi-polar transistor with two depletion zones

operates by varying electric fields.
is a voltage operated device.
consists of 3 slices of semiconductor material.

105) To decrease the voltage gain of a common emitter amplifier you would increase the resistance in
the
base circuit.
emitter circuit.
collector circuit.

106) The current I/P and O/P waveforms in a common emitter amplifier are
out of phase.
in phase.
90° out of phase.

107) Which mode of operation provides the best high frequency response? Common
emitter.
base.
collector.

108) A FET when compared to a junction transistor is

low impedance.
current operated.
high impedance.

109) One characteristic of the emitter follower is

low resistance output.
low current amplification.
high voltage amplification.

110) An amplifier current gain will be slightly less than 1, but its voltage gain will be high, if it is
connected in the
common base configuration.
common emitter configuration.
common collector configuration.

111) The common collector amplifier is sometimes called the emitter follower circuit because
the emitter voltage follows the collector voltage.
the emitter current follows the collector current.
the emitter voltage follows the base voltage.

112) Amplifiers may be classified as

voltage amplifiers or power amplifiers.
voltage amplifiers or impedance amplifiers.
common emitter or common collector amplifiers.

113) An amplifier can provide both voltage gain and current gain when it is connected in the
common collector configuration.
common emitter configuration.
common base configuration.

114) How do you increase voltage gain of an amplifier?

decrease base circuit bias.
decrease input resistance.
decrease output resistance.

115) The input and output signals of a common emitter amplifier are
in phase.
equal.
out of phase.

116) A transistor is said to be in the quiescent state when

no currents are flowing.
it is unbiased.
no signal is applied to the input.

117) A common base transistor circuit is so called because

the base is common to the emitter and collector circuits.
the base region is located between the emitter and collector region.
the base is n-type material.

118) In a FET, the junction connections are called

drain, source and gate.
drain, collector and junctions.
base, collector and emitter.

119) How is a push-pull transistor arrangement connected?

Collector to collector.
Emitter to emitter.
Base to base.

120) Thermal runaway in a transistor is caused by

excessive heat causing maximum current flow.
excessive heat causing minimum current flow.
low heat causing minimum current flow.

121) An advantage of a common emitter is

it has high power gain.
it is a voltage follower.
it has high voltage gain.

122) What class of amplifier is biased at cut off?

C.
B.
A.

123) When testing a transistor with an ohmmeter, what is the resistance of the emitter/collector?
Low resistance both ways.
High resistance one way.
High resistance both ways.

124) A transistor at saturation has

low resistance.
zero resistance.
high resistance.

125) A capacitor-resistor coupled multistage amplifier lets

DC pass only.
AC and DC pass to the next stage.
AC pass only.

126) An oscillator operating at its natural frequency has feedback which is

90 degrees out of phase.
180 degrees out of phase.
in-phase.

127) Which mathematical operation is performed by a modulator amplifier?

Addition.
Subtraction.
Multiplication.

128) A JFET is
either of the above depending on resistance in the circuit.
current sensitive.
voltage sensitive.

129) Thermal runaway in a transistor refers to

high current flow when temperature decreases.
low current flow when temperature increases.
high current flow when temperature increases.

130) Resistors and capacitors are used to couple stages of amplifiers so that
only DC can be applied.
only AC can be applied.
equal amounts of AC and DC can be applied.

131) An advantage of a FET when compared to a bi-polar transistor is

the switching time is quicker.
the input resistance is higher.
the input resistance is lower.

132) Where are decoupling capacitors used in digital circuits?

Between pins 1 & 8.
Close to the positive pin.
Close to the negative pin.

133) A Common Collector circuit has the following characteristics

Medium Voltage Gain, High Current Gain, Non-Inverted Output.
Low Voltage Gain, High Current Gain, Inverted Output.
Medium Voltage Gain, Low Current Gain, Inverted Output.

134) In a Common Emitter Amplifier RE is used for

load control.
biasing.
stabilisation.

135) The most suitable class of amplifier for a high fidelity radio transmitter is
B.
C.
A.

136) A transistor in Common Emitter mode gives

high voltage gain only.
high current gain only.
high power gain.

137) For a transistor in common emitter mode, the term Hfe indicates
the Voltage gain Vce/Vbe at Ib constant.
the Power gain Pin/Pout.
the current gain Ic/Ib at Vce constant.

138) In a differential amplifier the term "common mode voltage" means

output voltage with one input connected to common ground.
output voltage with non-inverting input at 0 volts.
output voltage when both inputs have equal voltages.

139) In an ideal current amplifier

input impedance must be low and output high.
input impedance must be high and output low.
both input and output impedances must be low.

140) In an ideal voltage amplifier

input impedance must be high and output impedance low.
input impedance must be low and output impedance high.
input impedance must be low and output impedance low.

141) The term ICE related to transistor in common emitter mode means
leakage current flowing between Collector and Emitter with Base open circuited.
forward current between Collector and Emitter with Base connected to signal.
leakage current between Collector and Emitter with Base connected to ground.
142) A common base amplifier has
high input and high output impedance.
low input and high output impedance.
low input and medium output impedance.

143) The emitter, base and collector currents in a common emitter circuit, follow ohm"s and
kirchoff"s law, which is
Ie = Ic - Ib.
Ib = Ie + Ic.
Ie = Ib + Ic.

144) What are the ideal characteristics of an Op Amp?

Infinite gain, infinite input Impedance and infinite output impedance.
Infinite gain, infinite input Impedance and zero output impedance.
Low gain, infinite input Impedance and zero output impedance.

145) What gate does the following Boolean expression represent F = A.B.C
AND.
OR.
NOT.

146) What gate does the following Boolean expression represent F = A+B+C
NOR.
OR.
NOT.

147) In an integrated circuit, the components are mounted

by metal screws.
by metal oxide film.
by means of wires connecting them.

148) A non-inverting op-amp

has an inverting input and a non-inverting output.
a non-inverting input connection only.
has a non-inverting input and an inverting output.

149) In an operational amplifier, the two input waves are the same amplitude, same frequency, but
exactly anti-phase. What would the output be?
Double.
Zero.
Half.

150) In the following Boolean algebra statement, which gate is described?. F = A + B + C

AND.
OR.
NOT.

151) In the Boolean algebra statement below, the gate described is F = A.B.C
NAND.
AND.
NOR.

152) Infinite gain, infinite input impedance and zero output impedance is characteristic of a
Class B amp.
Class A amp.
Op amp.

153) What is meant by a bistable circuit?

The circuit has 2 stable states and will stay in which one it is put.
The circuit has 1 stable state and it can be negative or positive.
The circuit has 2 stable states and will stay in both at the same time.

154) What does the output voltage of an op-amp depend upon?

The op amp bandwidth.
The gain of the op-amp.
The resistors in the circuit.

155) What type of gate is an OR gate with both inverted inputs and inverted outputs?
NAND gate.
NOR gate.
AND gate.

156) Diodes connected in parallel would act like an

an NAND gate.
an AND gate.
an OR gate.

157) The voltage supply to a Complimentary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS) integrated circuit
must be
0 V is 5 V DC.
3V to 18V DC.
3V to 15V AC.

158) How are the pins numbered on an op-amp IC?

from left to right from the dot.
counter clockwise from the dot.
clockwise from the dot.

159) On an integrated circuit the hole in the top left corner is pin 1. The pins are counted
clockwise.
from left to right.
anticlockwise.

160) A single integrated circuit Op Amp has how many pins?

7.
8.
4.

161) A logic circuit with more than one gate will have
2 or more outputs.
one of 2 states of logic output.
an analogue output.

162) A VLS IC has

more than 10,000 gates.
less than 1000 gates.
more than 1000 gates.

163) A momentary input at the reset input of a flip flop will

reset the true output to 0.
clock in new data from the data inputs.
reset the true output to 1.

164) Which type of flip flop has only 1 data input?

JK.
D.
RS.

165) When you use an op amp as a buffer it has

low input impedance and high output impedance.
high input impedance and low output impedance.
the same input an output impedance.

166) What is required for the switching of a monostable multivibrator?

One trigger pulse to both switch on and off.
One trigger pulse to switch on and two trigger pulses to switch off.
One trigger pulse to switch on and another to switch off.

167) An astable multivibrator is a

one which requires no input whatsoever.
one which requires an input to switch on and off.
free running vibrator.

168) Op amps use what power supply?

26 VAC.
5-15 VDC.
26 VDC.

169) A device which has a high input impedance, low output impedance and high voltage gain is a
Op-Amp.
Class A amp.
Class B amp.

170) In an integrated circuit, the components are mounted by

a three dimensional process with no connections between them required.
wires connecting them using conformal coating.
metal oxide film etched onto the surface.

171) In an integrated circuit, the components are inserted

automatically.
by doping in successive layers.
manually.
172) In an electronic circuit with an operational amplifier connected in the push-pull configuration,
the circuit
utilizes both sides of the input signal.
decreases impedance.
blocks half of the input signal.

173) Pin 3 on an op-amp has a + symbol. This designates

positive input DC pin.
non-inverting input.
positive offset null.

174) An integrated circuit is manufactured by

doping impurities into layers of intrinsic material.
etching copper tracks onto an insulating board.
computer hardware, which use individual circuits on ribbon.

175) A monostable vibrator

is switched on by a trigger pulse then within a pre-set time will eventually return to its original state.
uses a trigger pulse to turn on and the same pulse to turn off.
uses one pulse to turn on and another to turn off.

176) The negative feedback for an op-amp integrator is connected across a

resistor.
inductor.
capacitor.

177) The input resistance to an inverting op-amp is 100 Ohms. The feedback resistance is 100
kilohms. What is the amplifier gain?
1000.
1/1000.
-1000.

178) In an integrated circuit, active, passive and connecting components are

connected by fine gold wires.
mounted on the outside of the solid block.
embedded within the solid block.

179) When compared to a system that is constructed on one board, a modular system using Printed
Circuit Boards (PCBs) is
harder to fault find.
more expensive for spares.
easier to fault find.

180) A Printed Circuit Board (PCS) is constructed of a plastic laminate which has bonded to one or
both sides
a thin sheet of copper.
various thicknesses of copper.
a thick sheet of copper.

181) How is a PCB protected after manufacture?

By conformal coating.
With non-conductive varnish.
With wax.

182) A multi-layer PCB has

two or more layers on one or both sides.
one layer on either side.
two or more layers connected in series.

183) When removing a microprocessor

ensure the power is OFF to avoid static discharge.
no damage is done by static discharge.
considerable damage can be done by static discharge.

184) On a PCB, a decoupling capacitor is used to get rid of transient currents between which points?
The electronic circuit and the aircraft ground.
The negative rail and the rest of the circuit.
Interspaced along the circuit.

185) A decoupling capacitor in a PCB is used to

minimise transient currents.
pass DC only.
pass AC only.

186) What is the base material of a PCB?

Insulator.
Semiconductor.
Conductor.

187) In a printed circuit board , the surface resistance testing is

insulation resistance between adjacent printed conductor.
the resistance between the tow inductors.
between the board and the conductor.

188) What are printed circuit boards made of?

Fibreglass board coated with copper in which circuits are etched.
Synthetic resin board etched with copper.
Matrix board with components soldered on.

189) The output of a tachogenerator is

proportional to speed of rotation.
proportional to position.
proportional to acceleration.

190) AC power to a synchro system is supplied to

torque transmitter only.
both the torque receiver and torque transmitter.
torque receiver only.

191) A differential synchro

can be used as either a transmitter or a receiver.
can only be used as a receiver.
can only be used as a transmitter.

192) A resolver has

3 coils on the rotor and 2 coils on the stator.
2 coils on the rotor and 3 coils on the stator.
2 coils on the rotor and 2 coils on the stator.

193) The "null" point on a control synchro is when the two rotors are
wired in series.
at 90° to each other.
parallel to each other.

194) The rotor of a desynn indicator is

an electromagnet.
a permanent magnet.
an AC magnet.

195) The position feedback from a potentiometer is

anti-phase.
in phase.
90 degrees out of phase.

196) A differential synchro has

single phase stator, 2 phase rotor.
3 phase stator, 3 phase rotor.
3 phase stator, single phase rotor.

197) When a servomotor has stopped, the rate feedback from a tachogenerator is
maximum and in phase.
maximum and anti-phase.
zero.

198) A tachogenerator is usually used for

angular feedback.
rate feedback.
position feedback.

199) Differential synchros have

a transmitter and a receiver.
a transmitter only.
a receiver only.

200) In a torque synchro system, the power supply is connected to

the rotor windings of both the transmitter and receiver.
the stator windings of the transmitter.
the rotor windings of the transmitter only.

201) To reduce overshoot errors in a synchro

the gain of the amplifier is increased.
the system will have velocity feedback.
the system will have position feedback.

202) A synchro transformer is used to

add the output of two synchro transmitters.
derive an error voltage from a synchro transmitter signal and a shaft position.
obtain a 26 volt AC reference.

203) Reversal of the complete power to a torque synchro system will

displace the receiver rotor by 180o.
cause reverse rotation of the receiver rotor.
have no effect.

204) The power supply to a torque synchro system is

AC or DC.
AC.
DC.

205) An open loop system is one which has

no direct feedback loop.
rate feedback loop.
position feedback only.

206) Mechanical friction in a servo results in

increased inertia.
increased damping.
reduced gain.

207) The position feedback signal is

phase advanced by 90° with respect to the input signal.
in phase with the input demand signal.
in anti-phase with the demand signal.

208) A servo system that overshoots and oscillates is

under damped.
over damped.
critically damped.

209) The power supply to a torque synchro system is connected to

the transmitter rotor only.
the transmitter stator.
the transmitter and receiver rotors.

210) In a toroidal resistance transmitter indicator system, the power supply is connected to
the resistor slab.
the rotor.
the brushes.

211) When a servo has reached its null and stopped, the velocity feedback is
maximum and anti-phase.
maximum and in phase.
zero.
212) The primary purpose of rate feedback in a positional servo system is to
ensure system linearity.
prevent excessive overshoot.
ensure minimum response time.

213) In an AC rate servo, a steady input will result in the servomotor

rotating to a new datum position.
rotating at a constant speed.
oscillating about a new datum.

214) In a torque synchro that includes a differential synchro the power supply is connected to
all three rotors.
the transmitter and receiver rotors only.
the transmitter rotor only.

215) A differential synchro rotor has

three windings.
two windings.
one winding.

216) In a resolver synchro the stator windings are electrically displaced by

90°.
180°.
120°.

217) A resolver synchro output is obtained from a rotor with

two coils at 90°.
one single coil.
three coils at 120°.

218) In a speed control servo system (rate control), the purpose of the tachogenerator is
to make the velocity proportional to servo demand.
to make the deflection proportional to servo demand.
to make it run at constant speed.

219) The rotor of a torque synchro indicator is

supplied with an excitation voltage.
connected in series with the transmitter stator coil.
short circuited.

220) To increase the output of a servo amplifier, it is necessary to

reduce the tacho feedback.
increase the position feedback.
increase the tacho feedback.

221) Angular displacement of the control coils with respect to the reference coils in a two phase
induction motor are
90°, 270°.
0°, 180°.
90°, 120°.
222) A servomotor having only a tachogenerator as a feedback device will
vary its speed with input error voltage.
null out at a position dependant upon input error voltage.
have a constant speed for any given input voltage.

223) The null position of a torque synchro system is when

the TX and TR rotors are parallel to each other.
the TX and TR rotors are 90° to each other.
the TX and TR rotors are 120° to each other.

224) An AC tachogenerator stator has

two windings 180° apart.
three windings 120° apart.
two windings 90° apart.

225) When the rotor of an AC tachogenerator is stationary, the rotor has

no magnetic fields.
no circulating currents.
low circulating currents.

226) A closed loop servomechanism

must only have position feedback.
must have both position and velocity feedback.
can have either position or velocity feedback.

227) In a control synchro system the power supply is connected to the

transmitter and receiver rotors.
transmitter rotor and amplifier.
receiver rotor and amplifier.

228) Velocity feedback

opposes the demand input.
assists the demand input.
prevents dead space errors.

229) An increase in velocity feedback will

decrease the speed the load moves.
have no effect on speed.
increase the speed the load moves.

230) Rate feedback can be obtained from a

tachogenerator.
synchro.
potentiometer.

231) Positional feedback can be obtained from a

synchro.
potentiometer.
tachogenerator.
232) The "null" point in a control synchro is when the two rotors are
at 90° to each other.
wired in series.
parallel to each other.

233) In a control synchro the stator current ceases to flow when the
CT rotor is at null.
power is removed.
two rotors are aligned.

234) In a rate servo (speed control) the signal into the servo amplifier is
input voltage plus position feedback voltage.
input voltage plus tachogenerator output.
input voltage minus tachogenerator output.

235) To reduce oscillations about a demand position

the amount of velocity feedback would be increased.
the amount of velocity feedback would be decreased.
the amount of position feedback would be increased.

236) Positive feedback applied to a servomechanism

increases the response of the system.
opposes the demand signal.
decreases the response of the system.

237) A differential synchro rotor consists of

two windings at 90° apart.
one winding parallel to the transmitter rotor.
three windings at 120° apart.

238) A differential synchro transmitter used for addition has

the TDX S1 and S3 connections cross connected to the TX.
the TDX S1 and S3 connections cross connected to the TR.
the TDX R1, R3 and S1, S3 connections cross connected to the TX.

239) Differential transmitters are used to

add or subtract two electrical signals.
add or subtract a mechanical signal to an electrical synchro signal.
increase the operating speed of the synchro receiver.

240) When resolving a Cartesian input to a Polar output

the outputs are two voltages.
the inputs are a shaft angle and a voltage.
the inputs are two voltages.

241) A resolver synchro output is obtained from a rotor with

one single coil.
two coils at 90° to each other.
three coils at 120° to each other.

242) The output of a resolver synchro is

dependant upon the position of the rotor only.
proportional to the speed of input rotation.
a function of the rotor position and excitation voltage.

243) The rotor of an autosyn position indicating system is

a permanent magnet.
spring controlled.
an electromagnet.

244) The rotor of a magnesyn transmitter is

a permanent magnet.
an ac electromagnet.
a dc electromagnet.

245) Torque synchro systems are normally used when the

system accuracy is of extreme importance.
mechanical load is high.
mechanical load is low.

246) In a resolver synchro the stator windings are electrically disposed by

90°.
120°.
180°.

247) Torque synchro systems are normally used when the

system accuracy is of extreme importance.
mechanical load is high.
mechanical load is low.

248) What device transfers one energy type to another?

Transponder.
Transducer.
Transmitter.

249) Electrical power is supplied to a synchro rotor

through slip rings.
through a commutator.
directly.

250) In a synchro resolver, the stator coils are at what angle in relation to one another?
45 degrees.
80 degrees.
90 degrees.

251) An increase in negative feedback to the servo amplifier

has no effect.
increases amplifier stability.
decreases amplifier stability.

252) In a synchro, what is used to convert signals from one form to another?
Transducer.
Transmitter.
Transformer.

253) A control surface position feedback signal is

inversely proportional to surface position.
proportional to surface position.
non-linear.

254) A position gyro will provide

acceleration feedback.
velocity feedback.
positional feedback.

255) In velocity feedback the signal is

out of phase.
in phase.
equal to the error signal.

256) If velocity feedback in a servo system is above optimum, this will cause
no effect.
sluggish operation.
hunting.

257) The amount of rate feedback from a tachogenerator is

proportional to speed.
constant for all servo speeds.
inversely proportional to speed.

258) What control system is used on an input that gives a controlled predetermined output?
Control Servo.
Closed Loop.
Open Loop.

259) Increasing velocity feedback from optimum will give

faster performance.
sluggish performance.
no change on the output.

260) A rate control servo system with a steady input voltage will give
decreasing speed.
increasing speed.
constant speed.

261) An increase in amplitude of a rate feedback signal will cause

sluggish servo operation.
unstable operation.
reduced hunting.

262) An increase in negative feedback

decreases system sensitivity.
increases system sensitivity.
will make the driven device continuously rotate.

263) Position feedback is used to

indicate to the pilot the position of the load.
to prevent control surface oscillations while the surface is being moved.
ensure control surface moves to the demanded position by the controls.

264) The output from a control transformer is

torque.
AC voltage.
DC voltage.

265) The stator output voltages from a synchro resolver are

3 phase.
AC single phase.
DC.

266) A typical use for resolver synchros is

fly by wire system.
engine power instrumentation.
in compass comparator units.

267) What does a resolver do?

Adds two signals.
Resolves a movement into sine and cosine components.
Resolves a position into sine and cosine components.

268) If the feedback is ideally damped, the signal will

overshoots once and return back.
not overshoot.
oscillate.

269) In a tachogenerator the output voltage is

inversely proportional to the speed.
zero.
directly proportional to the speed.

270) The primary purpose of rate feedback in a positional servo system is to

ensure system linearity.
prevent excessive overshoot.
ensure minimum response time.

271) In a control surface position indicating system the feedback signal is

in phase with the control surface position.
indirectly proportional to the control surface position.
proportional to the control surface position.

272) Synchro systems depend on the principles of

electromagnetic induction.
capacitive reaction.
mutual Inductance.
273) A piezoelectric crystal is an example of
an analogue transducer.
a Pneumatic Transducer.
a Electro Acoustic Transducer.

274) The difference between an open and closed loop is

error signal.
feedback.
correspondence.

275) In a Desynn indicator system, where is power supplied to?

Transmitter and indicator.
Indicator only.
Transmitter only.

276) What does the Desynn indicator rotor consist of?

Electro magnet.
Permanent Magnet.
Aluminium cored coil.

277) When a servomotor overshoots after a step input and oscillates it is

under damped.
over damped.
critically damped.

278) A reduction from the optimum setting of the velocity feedback in a servo loop could cause
instability.
slow response.
ow servo gain.

279) The phase difference between the supplies of a two phase induction motor is
90°.
180°.
0°.

280) If the rotor of the receiver in a torque synchro system was prevented from aligning with the
transmitter rotor, then
the transmitter rotor will turn to align with the receiver rotor.
the receiver will hunt.
the receiver will overheat.

281) An E&I bar output at datum has

an imbalance of voltages in the secondary windings.
no induced voltage in the secondary windings.
equal and opposite voltages induced in the secondary.

282) The result of cross connecting two of the transmission leads in a torque synchro system and
then turning the rotor of the transmitter 60° clockwise would be
the receiver would move 60° clockwise.
the receiver would move 60° anticlockwise.
the receiver would move 120° anticlockwise.

283) The control windings of a two phase servomotor is supplied with AC voltage of
variable amplitude, variable phase.
variable phase.
constant amplitude.

284) If the rotor of a control synchro sticks

the system hunts.
the position feedback will oscillate.
high current will flow.

285) With the reversal of the connections to the rotor of the transmitter of a torque synchro, the
position of the receiver rotor will be
changed by 120°.
unchanged.
changed by 180°.

286) The application of a "stick-off" voltage to a control synchro servo system is

to overcome the effect of static friction.
to overcome the effect of viscous friction.
to prevent alignment to a false null.

287) A servo system may include a brake, an automatic trim system is one example where a brake is
used. The brake is
applied when trimming is complete to prevent stabilizer creep.
applied during trimming to prevent oscillations about the demand position.
applied during trimming to prevent servo runaway.

288) In a control synchro the stator current ceases to flow when

the CT rotor is at null.
when power is removed.
when the two rotors are aligned.

289) The result of reversing the rotor connections to the receiver of a torque synchro system is that
the rotor position
is changed by 180°.
is unchanged.
is changed by 120°.

290) A two phase induction motor used in a servomechanism

will always require a starter.
runs with no slip.
is self starting under light loads.

291) A hysteresis servo motor is used in a servomechanism because

it has good starting characteristics.
good speed/voltage relationship.
low inertia.

292) Reversal of two of the stator connections on a torque synchro receiver would cause
the transmitter to become the receiver.
the output to move the same direction as the input.
the output to move the reverse direction to the input.

293) The output of a tachogenerator should be

exponential.
linear.
sinusoidal.

294) With a constant input to a speed control servo, the servo motor
moves to a certain position.
moves at a constant speed.
oscillates, but otherwise does not move.

295) Critical damping in a servomechanism is

the point which allows just one overshoot before the load comes to rest.
the amount of damping that results in the load just not oscillating.
the critical damping required for the optimum damping of the servomechanism.

296) Reverse rotation of a control transformer rotor can be caused by

connections to the transmitter rotor reversed.
connections between the transformer rotor and the amplifier reversed.
short circuit between two transmission lines.

297) Velocity lag can be decreased by

keeping the error detector (summing point) output as low as possible.
introduction of an integrator.
decreasing the coulomb friction in the system.

298) A two phase motor will stop when

the control phase is reversed.
the reference phase is reversed.
the control phase is zero.

299) A tachogenerator output is

variable frequency, constant voltage.
variable frequency, variable voltage.
variable voltage, constant frequency.

300) If two of the stator leads are cross connected in a control synchro system, a 25° clockwise
rotation of the input rotor would result in the output rotor
moving 180° to rectify the defect.
moving 25° anticlockwise.
moving 25° clockwise.

301) Damping in a servomechanism is easier to apply if

the mechanism is light and has high inertia.
the mechanism is light and has low inertia.
the mechanism is heavy and has high inertia.

302) If the electrical connections to the feedback generator in a control synchro system were
disconnected, the
motor would run in the wrong direction.
input signal to the amplifier would reduce.
system would tend to oscillate.

303) An increase in servo amplifier gain

increases system response.
reduces tendency to hunt.
reduces the speed of the system.

304) The term "velocity lag" refers to a

speed error.
acceleration error.
position error.

305) The rotor of an AC tachogenerator

rotates at constant speed.
has skewed slots.
has a copper, brass or aluminium cylinder.

306) A servo system with transient negative velocity feedback

is damped with little velocity lag.
is underdamped with high velocity lag.
is damped with high velocity lag.

307) To reverse the direction of rotation of a two phase induction motor

reverse the polarity of both the control phase and reference phase.
reverse the polarity of the control phase.
shift the reference by 90°.

308) Loss of DC to a servo amplifier causes the motor to

reverse.
stop.
run continuously.

309) An AC servo demand can be converted to drive a DC motor by the introduction of a

rectifier.
demodulator.
modulator.

310) Synchro indicator systems are used when the indication is required to move
a fraction of the input distance.
at the same rate as the input.
slower than the input rate.

311) A linear variable differential transformer is used to measure position feedback where
an output whose phase is related to direction of movement and amplitude linear over a wide range.
360° of rotation and high angular accuracy is required.
is of limited importance but robust construction and reliability is important.

312) A low frequency sinusoidal input will cause a closed loop servomechanism load to
move to a demand position with no overshoot.
move backwards and forwards at the input frequency.
move to a demand position with overshoot.

313) If a servo amplifier is suffering from drift

the load would move to a new position, proportional to the drift and then return back to the datum position.
the load would move to a new position, proportional to the drift and stay there.
the load would oscillate about the datum position.

314) In a transient velocity feedback circuit, the tachogenerator output is summated with the
demand voltage
at all times when the load is moving.
only when the load is speeding up or slowing down.
only when the load is slowing down.

315) An LVDT has

an output winding which is wound in series opposition.
an input winding whose voltage will change with load movement.
an output winding whose voltage and frequency is linear to load angular movement.

316) To convert a differential synchro from subtraction to addition you would

change over two rotor and two stator connections.
change over all three stator windings.
reverse the reference phase supply.

317) In general the accuracy of a synchro system increases if the

stator current is low.
rotor current is high.
stator current is high.

318) The induced signal in the output coils of the magnesyn system
de-saturates the soft iron core.
is of a value of 800 Hz.
damps the pointer oscillations.

319) The direction of the induced (secondary) magnetic field in a synchro transmitter
in the same direction as the primary field.
is in the opposite direction to the primary field.
is 90° to the primary magnetic field.

320) The cogging effect in synchros is rectified by

using an elliptical cog.
skewing the rotor.
using carbon brushes.

321) Reversal of the power supply to either the transmitter or the receiver of a torque synchro
system would
make the receiver rotor rotate in the opposite direction.
cause a 180° displacement between the transmitter and the receiver.
have no effect on the indication, but would cause a heavy current to flow.
322) The purpose of a flywheel incorporated in a synchro is to
increase the driving force.
prevent insect ingress.
prevent oscillations.

323) In a synchro system, if two stator lines are crossed the receiver will
be 180° out.
not be affected.
reverse direction.

324) In an E and I signal generator at datum, the voltage on the secondary windings
is zero.
is maximum.
are equal and opposite.

325) In a synchrotel, the

stator coil is fixed and the rotor coil moves.
rotor coil and stator coil is fixed.
rotor coil is fixed and the stator coil moves.

326) An E&I transformer out of datum has

equal and opposite voltages in each windings.
unequal and opposite voltages in both windings.
no voltage in either winding.

327) When is maximum voltage induced into the rotor of a control synchro transformer?
90 degrees (null position).
0 degrees.
When spinning fast.

328) To check the output of a synchro stator it would be preferable to use

a Valve Voltmeter.
a Cambridge Bridge.
an Avometer.

329) Synchro capacitors are connected into synchro systems to

act as spark suppression due to wear of the slip rings.
increase the accuracy of the control synchro.
minimize the torque synchro stator current at null.

330) In a slab desynn transmitter the

pick-offs form part of the circuit resistance.
pick-offs rotate on the slab resister.
pick-offs are connected to a spark suppressor.

331) If, in a servo system, the amplitude from the feedback system is below normal, the servo will
be sluggish in operation.
oscillate.
be overdamped.

332) A desynn instrument has a positive regular increasing error, you would adjust
lever length.
lever angle and lever length.
lever angle.

333) Torque synchro receiver bearing friction will cause

improved accuracy.
misalignment.
hunting.

334) A control synchro system pointer is

actuated by a permanent magnet.
displaced by the torque of the stator.
motor driven.

335) A D.C. signal converted to a phase sensitive A.C. is

modulation.
demodulation.
phase conversion.

336) The rotor coil of a synchrotel

rotates only when a current flows in it.
rotates.
is stationary.

337) The purpose of synchro capacitors in a differential synchro transmission system

reduce stator circuit impedance.
to reduce stator current.
reduce rotor current.

338) The purpose of a flywheel in a synchro receiver indicator is to

increase driving torque.
prevent spinning or oscillation.
encourage spinning.

339) A linear variometer is

a special synchro giving ac output proportional to shaft angle.
a special auto transformer for synchro system power supplies.
an alternative term for a desynn system.

340) In a synchrotel the rotating winding is

the stator.
rotor.
neither.

341) The receiver rotor in a torque synchro system oscillates over an arc of approx 75 degrees. The
probable cause is
one stator line open circuit.
two stator lines reversed.
short circuit between two stator lines.

342) Synchro capacitors are fitted

to improve sensitivity and accuracy.
to provide critical damping.
to make additional damping features unnecessary.

343) The output of a control transformer is made

phase and amplitude sensitive by direction and magnitude of the transmitter rotor movement respectively.
phase and amplitude sensitive by magnitude and direction of the transmitter rotor movement respectively.
phase sensitive by transmitter rotor excitation and amplitude sensitive by direction of transmitter rotor
movement.

344) The letter "B" following the identification code on the case of a synchro denotes
that the synchro is second hand.
the modification status.
that the stator is rotatable.

345) TX is the abbreviation for a

torque transmitter.
control transformer.
torque receiver.

346) TR is the abbreviation for a

transmitter Resolver.
torque receiver.
torque synchro.

347) When a synchro system is in correspondence, its transmitter and receiver

are in phase.
are anti-phase.
are at 90° to each other.

348) The reference phase to a synchro is

50 Hz.
28 VDC.
400 Hz.

349) In rate feedback, when the motor has reached the commanded position, the output will be
maximum and in-phase with the input.
maximum and out-of-phase with the input.
zero.

350) What power is required for a desynn indicator system?

DC.
AC 400 Hz.
AC 50 Hz.

351) What material would have 3 electrons in the outermost orbit?

Majority Carrier material.
The donor to an N-Type semi-conductor material.
The acceptor to a P-Type semi-conductor material.

352) A microprocessor on a PCB

is not easily damaged by static-electricity.
is easily damaged by static-electricity if mishandling.
is only easily damaged by static-electricity if removed from teh PCB.

353) On a torque synchro, the AC power supply is applied to

the rotors of both the transmitter and the receiver.
the rotor of the transmitter only.
the stators of both the transmitter and the receiver.

354) The Characteristic Curve of a transistor is plotted on axis of

base current against Vec.
collector current against Vbe.
collector current against Vec.

355) Amplifier output characteristics are defined by

the collector resistance.
the effect of the load resistor.
the configuration of the transistor.

356) A device which provides cheap and convenient variable power supply is a
Diac.
Variac.
Triac.

357) This is a diagram of

an SCR.
a TRIAC.
a Schottky diode.

358) This symbol is

a transistor.
a diode.
a triac.

359) This symbol is

a photodiode.
a laser diode.
an LED.

360) What does the circuit shown do?

Full wave rectifier.
Half wave rectifier.
Voltage doubler.

361) With a small amplitude voltage, what type of diode would you use to produce the output
waveform?

Gunn
Zener
Schottky

362) In the Zener Diode suppressor shown, point X in respect to point Y should be

more Positive.
either positive or negative.
more negative.

363) The diagram shows a

voltage doubler.
half wave rectifier.
full wave rectifier.

364) Point X compared to point

Y is more negative.
Z is more positive.
Z is more negative.

365) Under normal operating conditions X will be

negative with respect to Z.
positive with respect to Z.
negative with respect to Y.

366) How is the amplifier in the diagram shown wired?

Common base.
Common emitter.
Common collector.

367) In the diagram shown, what is resistor R used for?

Amplification
Bias
Stabilisation

368) With reference to the circuit shown below, how is the transistor configured?

Common emitter.
Common collector.
Common base.

369) In the circuit diagram shown, R1 and R2 are used to

set the transistor gain.

increase the base voltage.
set the DC bias level.

370) The typical bandwidth for an audio frequency amplifier is shown by line
Z.
X.
Y.

371) In the diagram the relationship of the input to the output is

180 degrees out of phase.

90 degrees out of phase.
in phase.

372) Which curve is from a Broadband amplifier?

A
B
C

373) This is a diagram of a

differentiator.
adder.
integrator.

374) This is a diagram of a

integrator.
adder.
differentiator.

375) What is the output of the amplifier shown?

5V
3V
0V

376) What Type of Diode is this?

Varactor Diode.
Double Acting Diode.
Shottky Diode.