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(a) ( tan 2 x 1) dx
e cos x
( cos x) d (e )
x x
sec 2 x dx
e
cos x e cos x dx
x x
tan x C
e x
cos x e d (sin x)x
e x
cos x e sin x sin x d (e )
x x (b) (1 cot 2 x) dx
e x
cos x e sin x e sin x dx
x x
(1 1 cosec 2 x ) dx
1
( 2 cosec 2 x ) dx
e sin x dx e x (sin x cos x) C
x
2 2 x cot x C
Thus the integrand can be found by the proposed way.
x
2 cos
2
(c) dx
2
Classwork (p.12.20)
1 x
(a) sin 1 0.3 0.305 rad
2 2 1 cos 2 2 dx
(b) cos 1 ( 0.8) 2.50 rad
cos x cos x
1 cos x 1 cos x dx
cot x cosec x dx
(b)
cosec x C
2 cosec x C
5 2 cos 3 x
(a)
cos 2 x
dx
Quick Practice 12.5 (p.12.9)
5
cos x 2 cos x dx
2
(a) cos 6 x dx
1
(5 sec x 2 cos x) dx
2
6
cos 6 x d (6 x )
5 tan x 2 sin x C
1
sin 6 x C
6
1 1 1
2 sin(2 x 1) d (2 x 1)
5
cos 5 x cos 3 x C
3
1
cos(2 x 1) C
2 Quick Practice 12.9 (p.12.12)
x x
sin 3 cos 3 dx
3 4
cos x sin x dx
2 4
2
sin x (1 sin x) d (sin x)
4 2
1 1
cos ec 7 2 x cos ec 5 2 x C
(sin x sin x) d (sin x)
4 6
14 10
1 1 Quick Practice 12.12 (p.12.15)
sin 7 x sin 5 x C
7 5
tan tan
2 4 2
x sec x dx x sec 2 x d (tan x )
tan
2
x (1 tan 2 x ) d (tan x )
(b) sin 3 x cos 2 x dx
(1 cos
(tan x tan 4 x ) d (tan x )
2
2
x ) cos 2 x d (cos x )
1 1
(cos x cos 2 x ) d (cos x ) tan 5 x tan 3 x C
4
5 3
162
12 Indefinite Integration (II)
cos ec 4 x dx
cos ec
2
x d (cot x )
1
(1 cot
2
x ) d (cot x ) x 2
9 x 2 16
dx
1
cot 3 x cot x C 4 9 sec 2
3
3 16 tan 2
16 tan 2 16
d
25 x cos
2
dx 3
16 sin 2
d
25 (5 sin ) 5 cos d
2
3 1
sin d (sin )
2
5 cos 5 cos d 16
3
C
25 cos d 16 sin
2
25 9 x 2 16
2
(1 cos 2 ) d C
16 x
25 25
2
cos 2 d
2
Quick Practice 12.17 (p.12.24)
25 25
sin 2 C
2 4 Let x 6 sec , where 0 or .
25 25 2 2
sin cos C We have dx 6 sec tan d .
2 2
25
sin 1
x
25 x
1
x2
C For x 6, 0 .
2 5 2 5 25 2
1
25
2
sin 1
x
5
x
2
25 x 2 C x x 36 2
dx
sec tan
Quick Practice 12.15 (p.12.22)
sec 36 sec 2 36
d
5 5
Let x tan , dx sec 2 d sec tan
1
2 2
sec 6 tan d
4x 2
25
dx
1
6
1 d
5 sec 2
2 25 (tan 2 1)
d
1
6
C
1
10
1 x
1 d sec 1 C
6 6
1
C For x 6, .
10 2
1 2x
tan 1 C
10 5
163
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions
1 x2
dx
x d (e x )
2
dx
ex
x x 36
2
x 2e x
e d (x )
x 2
sec tan
sec 36 sec 2 36
d
x 2e x
2 xe dx x
sec tan
sec ( tan ) d
x 2e x
x
2 x d (e )
x 2e x
x x
2 xe 2 e dx
1
6
1 d x e 2 x
2 xe x
2e x
C
1
C Quick Practice 12.21 (p.12.30)
6
e cos 2 x dx
cos 2 x d (e )
x x
1 x
sec 1 C
e cos 2 x e d (cos 2 x )
x x
6 6
1 1 x
e cos 2 x 2 e sin 2 x dx
x x
sec C, for x 6
e cos 2 x 2 sin 2 x d (e )
1 6 6
x x
e cos 2 x 2e sin 2 x 2 e
x x x
dx
d (sin 2 x )
x x 36 1 sec 1 x C, for x 6
e cos 2 x 2e sin 2 x 4 e
x x x
cos 2 x dx
2
1 x
6 6 e cos 2 x dx e (cos 2 x 2 sin 2 x) C
x
∴ 5
e dx
x
1
2 e u du , where u x , du
u
dx
2 x
Quick Practice 12.18 (p.12.28)
2 u d (e ) u
x sin x dx
x d (cos x )
2 ue 2
e du
u u
x cos x
cos x dx
x cos x sin x C 2 ue u 2e u C
2( x 1)e x
C
Quick Practice 12.19 (p.12.28)
Exercise
ln x
x3
dx
Exercise 12A (p.12.6)
1 1
Level 1
ln x d 2
2 x 1. 2 sin x dx
2 cos x C
ln x 1 1
2x 2
2 x2
d (ln x)
1
ln x 1
2
1
dx
2.
6 ( x cos x) dx
2x 2 x3
x cos x
ln x
2
1
C 6 6 dx
2x 4x 2
x2 sin x
C
12 6
Quick Practice 12.20 (p.12.29)
3. ( 2 cos x sin x ) dx
2 sin x cos x C
4. cot 2 x dx
(cosec 2 x 1) dx
cot x x C
164
12 Indefinite Integration (II)
(sec x tan x sec x ) dx
2
(cosec x cos x ) dx
2
5. tan x sec x C
cot x sin x C
1 1
6. (3 3 tan 2 x) dx 13.
sin 2
x
dx
cos 2 x
3
(co sec
2
sec x dx 2
x sec 2 x ) dx
3 tan x C cot x tan x C
sin x
7.
sin 2
x 1
dx 14.
sin 2 x
sin 3 x
dx
sin x 1
cos x cos x
dx
2 cos x
sin x dx 2
tan x sec x dx
2 cot x cosec x dx
sec x C
2 cosec x C
x x
cos sin 2 dx 2 sin 3 x 1
2
8.
2 2 15. dx
sin 2 x
1 1
2 (1 cos x ) 2 (1 cos x ) dx
( 2 sin x cosec 2 x ) dx
2 cos x cot x C
cos x dx
sin x C
5
9.
1 cos 2 x
dx
Level 2
5 1
2
sin 2 x
dx
16.
1 cos 2 x
dx
cos 2 x
5
2
cosec 2 x dx
2 sin 2 x
cos 2 x
dx
5
cot x C
2 tan x dx 2
2
2 (sec x 1) dx 2
2 sin x dx
sin 2 x cos x
2 cos x C
17. dx
sin 3 x
2 cot x dx
3
sin x
2
11. dx
(1 cos x )(1 cos x ) 2
(csc x 1) dx
2
3
sin x
sin x dx 2
2(cot x x ) C
sin x dx 18. (tan x cot x ) 2 dx
cos x C
( tan 2 x 2 cot 2 x ) dx
tan x cot x C
165
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions
4 1 1 sin 2 t 1 sin 2 t
19.
2
2
dx
cos x 2 sin x
1 cos 2 t 2 sin 2 t
1 2 1 1 sin 2 t
4 sec x cosec x dx 24. (a)
2
2 2 sin 2 t
1
4 tan x cot x C 1
2 (cosec 2 t 1)
2
1
[1 4(cosec x 1)] dx ( cot t t ) C
2
2
(5 4 cosec x) dx
2
sin 2 cos 2 sin 2 cos 2 dx
2 2 2 2
sin x cos x
(sin x cos x ) 2
x x
(b)
sin x cos x
dx
sin 2 cos 2 dx
1
2 2
1
(sin x cos x) dx
2
(1 cos x ) (1 cos x ) dx
2
sin x cos x C
cos x dx Exercise 12B (p.12.16)
sin x C Level 1
1. cos 3 x dx
1
22. (a) f ( x ) sin x x cos x
3
cos 3 x d (3x)
1
(b) x cos x dx
3
sin 3 x C
( x cos x sin x sin x ) dx
( x cos x sin x ) dx
sin x dx 2. sin 5 x dx
x sin x cos x C
1
5 sin 5 x d (5 x)
1 1 1
sec 2 cosec 2 cos 5 x C
cos sin 2
2
5
23. (a) sin 2 cos 2
sin 2 cos 2 sin 2 x
1
3.
cos 2
2x
dx
cos 2 sin 2 1
2
tan 2 x sec 2 x d ( 2 x )
1 1 1
sin 2
2
d
4 sin cos d
2 2
2
sec 2 x C
1 1
(b)
4 sin cos
2
d 2 4. sin (3 x) dx
1
4
sin (3 x ) d (3 x )
(sec x cosec x ) dx
2 2
cos (3 x ) C
1
(tan cot ) C
4 5. sec 2 3 x dx
166
12 Indefinite Integration (II)
1 1
3
sec 2 3 x d (3 x )
2 sin 2 ( x 2 1) d ( x 2 1)
1 1
tan 3 x C
3
4
[1 cos 2 ( x 2 1)] d ( x 2 1)
1 1
6. cosec 2 4 x dx
( x 2 1)
4 8
cos 2 ( x 2 1) d [ 2 ( x 2 1)] C
1 1 1
x 2 sin 2 x 2 2 C
cosec
2
4 x d (4 x) 4 8
4
1
cot 4 x C
4 14. tan 2 ( 6 x 1) dx
1
7. cos 2 x sin x dx
6
tan 2 (6 x 1) d (6 x 1)
1
cos
[sec 2 (6 x 1) 1] d (6 x 1)
3
x d (cos x )
6
1
cos 2 x C 1
3 tan (6 x 1) x C
6
cos x
8.
x
dx 15. cos 2 3 x dx
1
2
2 sin
cos
x C
x d( x)
3 cos 2 3 x d (3 x )
1 1
3 2
(1 cos 6 x) d (3 x )
9. sec 3 x tan 3 x dx
1 1
1 x
cos 6 x d (3 x ) C
3
sec 3 x tan 3 x d (3 x ) 2
1
6
1
1
sec 3 x C
2
x
12
cos 6 x d (6 x ) C
3 1 1
x sin 6 x C
2 12
1 1
10.
x 2
sec 2 dx
x
1 1
sec
2
d
x
sin 4 dx
x x 2
16.
1
tan C
x x
4 d 4
x
4 sin 2
1 x x
2 1 cos 2 d 4
11. ( 2 x 1) sec ( x 2 x ) tan ( x 2 x ) dx
4
sec ( x x ) tan ( x 2 x ) d ( x 2 x )
2
x x
sec ( x 2 x ) C
1 cos 2 d 2
1 x
12. x 2 cos ( 2 x 3 5) dx
2
x sin C
2
1
6
cos ( 2 x 3 5) d ( 2 x 3 5)
x
1
sin ( 2 x 3 5) C
6
17.
tan 2
2
dx
13. x sin 2 ( x 2 1) dx
167
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions
x x 1
2
tan d
2 2
2
2
(cos 5 x cos 2 x ) dx
1 1
x x sin 5 x sin 2 x C
2 sec 2 1 d
2 2
10 4
x
2 tan x C
2 24. sin 4 x cos x dx
sin 4
x d (sin x )
(cos 2 x sin 2 x ) 2
18. dx 1
sin 5 x C
5
(1 sin 4 x) dx
1
1 dx 4 sin 4 x d (4 x) 25. sin x cos 3 x dx
cos
3
1 x d (cos x )
x cos 4 x C
4 1
cos 4 x C
4
(2 cos x sin x)
2
19. dx
dy
26. sin 3 x cos 3 x
dx
(4 cos x 2 sin 2 x sin x) dx
2 2
1
y
(sin 3x cos 3x) dx
2
(1 cos 2x) dx 2
sin 2 x dx
2
(1 cos 2 x ) dx
1
3
(sin 3 x cos 3 x) d (3 x )
1 1
2 x sin 2 x cos 2 x x sin 2 x C
2 4 1
( cos 3 x sin 3 x ) C
5 3 3
x sin 2 x cos 2 x C
2 4 1
∵ y = f(x) passes through P , .
3
20. sin 4 x cos 2 x dx 1 1
( cos 3 sin 3 ) C
1 ∴ 3 3
2 (sin 6 x sin 2 x) dx C 0
1 1 1
cos 6 x cos 2 x C ∴ f ( x) (sin 3 x cos 3 x )
12 4 3
dy
27. (a) x 2 sin 2 x
21. sin 3 x sin 2 x dx dx
1
(cos x cos 5 x ) dx
y
( x 2 sin 2 x) dx
2 1 2
1 1 x cos 2 x C
sin x sin 5 x C 2
2 10 ∵ The y-intercept is 4.
1
∴ 4 0 2 cos 2(0) C
2
C 3
22. cos 5 x sin x dx ∴ The required equation is
1 1
2 (sin 6 x sin 4 x) dx y x 2 cos 2 x 3 .
2
1 1
cos 6 x cos 4 x C
12 8
dy
(b) 0 2 sin 2(0) 0
dx x 0
3x 7x
23.
cos 2
cos
2
dx When x = 0, y = 4.
∴ The equation is y = 4.
dy
28. cosec 2 x cot 2 x
dx
168
12 Indefinite Integration (II)
5 0 5
y
co sec 2 x cot 2 x dx ∴
0 2 sin
2
0 C1
3 2
1
2
cosec 2 x cot 2 x d ( 2 x ) C1 3
1 5t 5
cosec 2 x C ∴ s (t ) 2 sin t 3
2 2 3 2
∵ The curve passes through A , 1 .
4 Level 2
1
1
cosec 2
C
31. cos 5 x sin x dx
2 4
5
∴
cos 2 x d (cos x )
3
C 2
2 cos 7 x C
7
1 3
∴ The required equation is y cosec 2 x .
2 2
x3 x
a (t ) 5 sin t 2 cos t
32.
sin 2 ( x 4 2 x 2 2)
dx
a (t ) dt
29. v (t ) 1 1
sin ( x 2 x 2) d ( x 2 x 2)
4 2
2 4 2
5 cos t 2 sin t C 4
0 5 cos 0 2 sin 0 C 1
4
∴ cosec ( x 2 x 2) d ( x 2 x 2)
2 4 2 4 2
C 5
∴ v (t ) 5 cos t 2 sin t 5 1
cot ( x 4 2 x 2 2) C
4
25 5t
30. a (t ) sin
2 2 3 (cos 2 x 2 cos x 3) sin x
v (t )
a (t ) dt
33.
cos 2 x 2 cos x 1
dx
4 sin x
5
5t 5t
sin 2 3 d 2 3
sin x dx
cos x 2 cos x 1
2
dx
1
5t
5 cos C
2 3
cos x 4
(cos x 1) 2
d (cos x 1)
∵ v(0) = 0 4
cos x C
5 0 cos x 1
0 5 cos C
∴ 2 3
5 34.
C
2
cosec x cot x dx
cosec
3 2
x d (cosec x )
5t 5
∴ v (t ) 5 cos
2 3 2 1
cosec 3 x C
3
v (t ) dt
s (t )
5t 5 cos 3
x dx
(1 sin 2 x ) d (sin x )
5 cos dt
2 3 2
35.
1
sin 3 x sin x C
3
5t 5t 5
2
cos 2 3 d 2 3 2
dt
sin x dx
(1 cos 2 x ) d (cos x )
3
5t 5
2 sin t C1
2 3 2 36.
(cos 2 x 1) d (cos x )
∵ s(0) = 0 1
cos 3 x cos x C
3
169
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions
1
sin sin x cos x d (cos x)
3
x cos 4 x dx 2 4
x tan x 2 dx tan x 2 d ( x 2 )
2
(1 cos x) cos x d (cos x)
2 4
1 1
cos x sin x d ( x )
2 2
1 1 1 1
cosec x cot x d (cot x)
4 4 42.
4 2 cos 2 x 4 2 (1 cos 4 x) dx
38.
cot x (1 cot x ) d (cot x )
4 2 2
3 1 1
(cot x 2 cot x cot x ) d (cot x )
4 6 8
8 2 cos 2 x 8 cos 4x dx
1 2 1 3 1 1
cot 9 x cot 7 x cot 5 x C x sin 2 x sin 4 x C
9 7 5 8 4 32
39. 3
sec 2 x
dx (tan x ) 2
d (tan x )
sin sin x cos x d (sin x) tan 3 x
4
x cos 5 x dx 4 4
43.
2
C
4 2 2
sin x (1 sin x) d (sin x )
tan x
(sin x 2 sin x sin x) d (sin x)
4 6 8
1 2 1
sin 9 x sin 7 x sin 5 x C 44.
9 7 5
2 4
sin x cos x
tan x (1 tan x) d (tan x)
4 2 2
(sin x cos x) 2 cos 2 x
4 6 8
2 (tan x 2 tan x tan x) d (tan x)
1 1
sin 2 x (1 cos 2 x) 1 2 1
tan 9 x tan 7 x tan 5 x C
2 2 9 7 5
1
40. (1 cos 4 x)(1 cos 2 x)
16
tan 2 x sec 2 x dx
3 3
1
(1 cos 2 x cos 4 x cos 4 x cos 2 x )
16 1
2
3
tan 2 x sec 2 x d ( 2 x) 3
1 1 1
cos 4 x (1 cos 4 x) cos 2 x
1
2
16 16 16 2
tan 2 x sec 2 x d (sec 2 x) 2
1 1 1 45.
cos 4 x sin 2 2 x cos 2 x 1
2
16 16 8 (sec 2 x 1) sec 2 x d (sec 2 x)
2 2
1 1
(sin x cos x) dx
2 sec 2 x 2 sec 2 x d (sec 2 x)
2 4 4 2
1 1 1
16 16 cos 4 x 8 sin 1 1
2
2 x cos 2 x dx sec 5 2 x sec 3 2 x C
10 6
x 1 1
16
sin 4 x sin 2
2 x d (sin 2 x )
16 64 46.
x 1 1
sin 4 x sin 3 2 x C
16 64 48
41.
170
12 Indefinite Integration (II)
1 dy
sec 4 3x tan 3 3x dx
3 sec 4 3x tan 3 3x d (3 x) dx
sin 3 x cos x
1
sec3 3 x tan 2 3x d (sec 3x ) 50.
y
sin 3 x cos x dx
3
1
sin 3 x d (sin x )
sec 3 x (sec 3 x 1) d (sec 3 x)
3 2
3 1
sin 4 x C
1 4
3 (sec5 3x sec 3 3 x) d (sec 3 x) 1
∴ 1 4 sin (0) C
4
1 1
sec 6 3x sec 4 3x C C 1
18 12
1
∴ The required equation is y sin 4 x 1 .
1 4
cosec 2x dx 2 cosec 2x d (2x)
6 6
dy
1 cos 2 x sin 2 x
2
cosec 2 x d (cot 2 x) 4
dx
y
(cos x sin x) dx
2 2
1
2
47. (1 cot 2 x) d (cot 2 x) 2 2
1
51.
cos 2 x dx
2
(1 2 cot 2 x cot 2 x) d (cot 2 x)
2 4
1
2
cos 2 x d ( 2 x )
1 1 1
cot 5 2 x cot 3 2 x cot 2 x C
1
sin 2 x C
10 3 2 2
2 1
48. ∴ sin 2 C
4 2 8
C0
cot x dx
5
1
4 ∴ The required equation is y sin 2 x .
cot x
cosec x d (cosec x) 2
(cosec 2 x 1) 2 52.
cosecx d (cosecx) f
f
"
(
( x )
x )
1
cosec x 2 cosec x d (cosec x )
3
co sec x
f ( x )
1
cosec 4 x cosec 2 x ln sin x C ∵ y = f(x) passes through (0, 2).
4 ∴
x x x 1 1
sec 6
2
dx 2 sec 6 d
2 2
2
3
sin 3(0) cos 2(0) C1 (0) C 2
2
3
x x C2
2 sec 4 d tan
2 2
2
∵ y = f(x) passes through , 0 .
2
x x
49.
2 1 tan 2 d tan 2
2 2 ∴
x x x
2 1 2 tan 2 tan 4 d tan
2 2 2
0
1 1 3
sin 3 cos 2 C1
2 5 x 4 3 x x 3 2 2 2 2 2
tan tan 2 tan C
5 2 3 2 2 8
C1
3
∴
1 1 8 3
f ( x) sin 3 x cos 2 x x
3 2 3 2
171
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions
d2y 1
2 sec 2 2 x f ' ( x)
dx 2 1
x 2 sin 2
dy
53.
dx
2 sec 2 2 x dx
1
x
sec 2
2 x d ( 2 x)
f ( x)
x
sin 21
dx
2
tan 2 x C
x
55. 1 1
∴ 1 tan 2 (0) C
C 1
sin 2
1
d
x
∴ x
1 1
y
(tan 2 x 1) dx
cosec 2 d
x x
sin 2 x 1
cot C
cos 2 x 1 dx
x
1
1 1 2 cot C
2 cos 2 x d (cos 2 x) 1 dx ∴ 4
1
ln cos 2 x x C1
2 C 1
1 1
0 ln cos 2 (0) 0 C1 ∴ f ( x ) cot 1
∴ 2 x
C1 0
56.
1
∴ y ln cos 2 x x
2 f " ( x) x
f ( x )
54.
1
2
f " ( x )
1 6 co
f ( x )
∴ 02
(0) cos (0)
C 6 c
2
3 c
C 1
3
co
f ' ( 0) 0 1
∵
f ( x) x 2 cos x 1 dx
∴ 0 cos 3 2(0) C ∴ 2
C 1 1
x 3 sin x x C1
6
( cos 2 x 1) dx
f ( x) 3
1
1 0 (0) 3 sin 0 0 C1
2
∴ 6
1 dx 3
cos 2 x d ( 2 x)
∴ C1 0
1
1 dx
2
(1 sin 2 x) d (sin 2 x)
2
1 3
∴ f ( x) x sin x x
6
1 1
x sin 2 x sin 3 2 x C1
2 6
∵ f ( 0) 0 v
a dt
1 1
0 0 sin 2(0) sin 3 2(0) C1
∴ 2 6
57. (a)
48 sin 2t dt
3
C1 0
∴ f ( x)
1
6
1
sin 3 2 x sin 2 x x
2
24
sin 2t 3 d 2t 3
24 cos 2t C
3
∵ v = 12 when t = 0
172
12 Indefinite Integration (II)
∴
12 24 cos 2 0 C
2
sin 3t d (3t )
3 2 cos 3t C1
C0 1 2 cos 3 (0) C1
∴ The required velocity is ∴
C1 1
24 cos 2t m/s . ∴ The required displacement is
3 ( 2 cos 3t 1) m .
s
v dt Exercise 12C (p.12.25)
24 cos 2t dt
3
Level 1
1. Let x 5 sin , dx 5 cos d
1
12
cos 2t 3 d 2t 3 25 x 2
dx
5 cos
12 sin 2t C1
3
25 25 sin 2
d
s 8 3 when t = 0
1 d
∵
8 3 12 sin 2 0 C1 C
∴ 3
x
sin 1 C
C1 2 3 5
∴ The required displacement is
4 4
12 sin 2t 2 3 m . 2. Let x sin , dx cos d
3 5 5
1
(b) Put sin 2
1.
3
16 25 x 2
dx
Displacement 4
cos
[12 ( 1) 2
(12 2 3) m
3] m
5
16 16 sin 2
d
1
C
v
a dt 5
1 5x
sin 1 C
58. (a)
(18 cos t ) dt 5 4
18
w
cos t d ( t )
x 1 1
18
sin t C 3. 3 x 2
dx
2 3 x 2
d (3 x 2 )
w
18 3 x2 C
0 sin (0) C
∴
C 0
Since the maximum speed is 6 m/s,
18
sin t 6 4.
18 1
sin t 6
x 5 2 x 2 dx
4 5 2 x 2 d (5 2 x 2 )
18 1
3
6 (5 2 x 2 ) 2 C
6
3
5. Let x 4 sec , dx 4 sec tan d .
(b) s
( 6 sin 3t ) dt
For x > 4, i.e. 0 ,
2
173
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions
1 1
x x 2
16
dx
2
C
4 sec tan 1 5x
4 sec 16 sec 2 16
d sec 1
2 2
C
2
4 sec tan For x , i.e. ,
4 sec ( 4 tan )
d
1
5 2
1
1 d x 25 x 2 4
dx
4
1 2
C sec tan
4 5 d
1 x 2
sec 1 C sec 4 sec 2 4
4 4 5
sec tan
For x < 4, i.e.
2
,
sec ( 2 tan )
d
1
1
x x 2 16
dx
2
1 d
4 sec tan 1
C
4 sec 16 sec 2 16
d 2
1 5x
4 sec tan sec 1 C
4 sec ( 4 tan )
d 2 2
1
1 1 5x 2
4
1 d
sec
2 2 C , for x
1
1 5
C
4 ∴ dx
1
sec 1 C
x
x 25x 2 4 1 sec 1 5x C, for x 2
4 4
2 2 5
1 1 x
sec C, for x 4
1 4 4 1 1
7. Let x sec , dx sec tan d .
∴ dx 2 2
x x 2 16 1 sec 1 x C, for x 4
1
3
dx
4 4 ( 4 x 1) 2 2
1
sec tan
2 2 2
6. Let x sec , dx sec tan d 3
d
5 5
(sec 2 1) 2
2
For x , i.e. 0 , 1 sec tan
5
1
2
2 tan 3
d
dx 1
x 25 x 2 4
2
2
cot cosec d
sec tan 1
cosec C
5 d 2
2
sec 4 sec 4
2
1 2x
5 C
2 4x 2 1
sec tan
sec (2 tan )
d
x
C
1 4x 2 1
2 1 d
174
12 Indefinite Integration (II)
8. Let x
2
sec , dx
2
sec tan d . 36 x 2 dx
3 3
36 36 sin 2 6 cos d
x 3 x 2 4 dx
36
cos d
2
2
sec 4 sec 2 4
2
sec tan d 18
(1 cos 2 ) d
3 3 18 9 sin 2 C
8 18 18 sin cos C
sec tan 2 d
2
3 x x 36 x 2
18 sin 1 C
8
tan
6 2
2
d (tan )
3
8 1 13. Let x sin , dx cos d .
tan 3 C
3 3 x2
1
3 1 x2
dx
(3 x 2 4) 2 C
9 sin 2 cos
1 sin 2
d
sin d
2
1 1
8 sec 2 sin 2 C
64 tan 2 64
d 2
1
4
1
1 sin cos C
8
1 d
2
1
2
1 1
1 sin x x 1 x 2 C
C 2 2
8
1 x
tan 1 C 14. Let x 12 tan , dx 12 sec 2 d .
8 8
1
x2 x 2 12
dx
10. Let x 2 tan , dx 2 sec d . 2
12 sec 2
x2
dx
12 tan 2
12 tan 2 12
d
x2 4
4 tan 2 1 cos
4 tan 2 4
2 sec 2 d
12 sin d 2
1 1
2
tan d 2
12 sin d (sin )
2
2 (sec 1) d 2
1
(sin ) 1 C
2 ( tan ) C 12
x 2 tan 1
x
C x 2 12
2
C
12 x
x
4x 2 1
dx 15. Let x
18
2
tan , dx
18
2
sec 2 d .
11. 1 1
8 4x 1
2 d ( 4 x 2 1)
x 2
1
4 x 2 18
dx
1
ln ( 4 x 2 1) C
8
Level 2
12. Let x 6 sin , dx 6 cos d .
175
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions
4
1 sec
9 tan d 2
sec tan (3 tan )
sec
d
1 cos
9 sin d 2 3
tan d
2
1 3 (sec 1) d
2
(sin ) 1 C
9
3 tan 3 C
4 x 2 18
C 4x
18 x 16 x 2 9 3 sec 1 C
3
3
2 2 For x , i.e. ,
16. Let x tan , dx sec d .
2 4 2
3 3
16 x 2 9
1 dx
3
dx x
sec tan 9 sec 2 9
(3 x 2 4) 2 3
2 sec 2
4 3
sec
d
3 (4 tan 4) 3
d 4
sec tan ( 3 tan )
2 2
d
sec
2 1 sec 2
3
8 sec3
d 3
tan d
2
1
3 (sec 1) d 2
3
cos d
4 3 tan 3 C
1 4x
sin C 16 x 2 9 3 sec 1 C
4 3 3
x
C
16 x 2 9
4 3x 2 4
dx
x
17. Let x 3 sin , dx 3 cos d .
∴ 1 4 x 3
1
dx
16 x 2
9 3 sec C , for x
x2 9 x2 3 4
cos
3
9 sin 2
9 9 sin 2
d 16 x 2 9 3 sec 1 4 x C , for x 3
3 4
1
cosec d
2
9
19. Let x 4 sec , dx 4 sec tan d .
1
cot C
9 For x 4, i.e. 0 ,
2
9 x2
C 1
9x x3 x 2 16
dx
3 3
18. Let x sec , dx sec tan d .
4 4
3
For x , i.e. 0 ,
4 2
16 x 2 9
x
dx
176
12 Indefinite Integration (II)
sec tan
64 sec
sec sec 1 sec tan d
3 2
4 d
3
16 sec 16 2
sec tan d
4 2
1 sec tan
sec (4 tan ) d
16 3
(1 tan ) tan d (tan )
2 2
1 1
64 sec
1 1
d tan 3 tan 5 C
2 3 5
1 1 1
128
( x 1) 3 ( x 2 1 ) 5 C
2
(1 cos 2 ) d 3 5
3
1
1 1 ( x 2 1) 2 (3 x 2 2) C
sin 2 C 15
128 256
1 1
sin cos C 21. Let x = 2 sec , dx = 2 sec tan d .
128 128
x3
1
sec 1
x x 16
C
2
x2 4
dx
2
8 sec d 4
1
dx
x3 x 2 16
8 (1 tan ) d (tan )
2
sec tan
4
64 sec 3
16 sec 16 2
d 8 tan
8
3
tan 3 C
3
1 sec tan x2 4 8 x 2 4
16
sec 3 ( 4 tan )
d 8
2
3
2
C
1 1 1 2
64
sec 2
d
3
( x 8) x 2 4 C
1
128
(1 cos 2 ) d
22. Let x
1
sec , dx
1
sec tan d .
1 1 3 3
sin 2 C 1
128 256 For x , 0 ,
1 1 3 2
sin cos C
128 128 9x 2 1
1 x x 2 16
x3
dx
sec 1 C
128 4 32 x 2 1 sec tan sec 2 1
1
3 3
d
x
1
sec
3
dx 3
3
x 16
2
sec tan (tan )
1
9
sec 3
d
x x 16 2
∴
sec 1 tan 2
C , for x 4
128 4 32 x 2
9
sec d 2
9 sin d 2
1 1 x x 2 16
sec C , for x 4 9
2
128 4 32 x 2 (1 cos 2 ) d
9 9
sin 2 C
2 4
9 9
sin cos C
20. Let x sec , dx sec tan d . 2 2
x3 x 2 1 dx
9
sec 1 3 x
9x 2 1
C
2 2x 2
177
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions
1 sec 2 tan 2 1
For x , ,
3 2
tan 6
d
9x 12
sec 3
x3
dx
tan 6
d
3
(1 sin 2 )
sec tan ( tan )
sin 6
d (sin )
9
sec 3
d
1 1
(sin ) 5 (sin ) 3 C
tan 2 5 3
9
sec 2
d
1 x
5
1 x
3
C
9 sin d 5 x 2 1 3 x 2 1
2
3
9
2
(1 cos 2 ) d (2 x 2 3)( x 2 1) 2
C
9 9 15 x 5
sin 2 C
2 4
24. Let x = 2 tan , dx = 2 sec2 d .
9 9
sin cos C 1
2 2 x 4
x2 4
dx
9 9x 2 1
sec 1 3 x C 1 sec 2
2 2x 2
8 tan 4 tan 2 4
4
d
9x 2 1
1 sec
x3
dx
16 tan 4
d
1 cos 3
9 9x 1 2
1
16
sin 4
d
sec 1 3x
∴
C , for x 1 (1 sin 2 )
2 2x 2 3
d (sin )
16 sin 4
9 1 9x 2 1 1
1
(sin ) 3
1
(sin ) 1 C
sec 3x C , for x 48 16
2 2x 2 3 3 1
1 x
1 x
C
23. Let x = tan , dx = sec2 d . 48 x 2 4
16 x 2 4
x2 1
x6
dx
( x 2 2) x 2 4
24 x 3
C
1 1
25. Let x tan , dx sec2 d .
2 2
x3
2x 2 1
dx
178
12 Indefinite Integration (II)
1 tan 3 sec 2 f ( x) 4 x 2 12 x 25
4 tan 2 1
d 28. (a) 4 x 2 12 x 9 16
( 2 x 3) 2 42
1
4
sec tan 3 d
1
1
4
(sec 2 1) d (sec ) (b)
4x 2
12 x 25
dx
1 1
sec 3 sec C 1
12
1
4
1
(2 x 3) 4 dx 2 2
( 2 x 2 1) 3 ( 2 x 2 1) C
1 1
12
1 2
4
( x 1) 2 x 2 1 C
2 ( 2 x 3) 4
d ( 2 x 3)
2 2
6 1 4 sec 2
2 16 tan 2 16
d (Let 2 x 3 4 tan )
26. Let x = 2 tan , dx = 2 sec2 d . 1
(x
1
dx
8
1 d
2
4) 2 1 2x 3
tan 1 C
sec 2
2 d 8 4
(4 tan 2 4) 2
1 sec 2
29.
d
8 sec 4
1
1
8
cos 2 d ( x 1) 2
( x 1) 2 4
dx
1
1
16
(1 cos 2 ) d
( x 1) 2
( x 1) 2 4
d ( x 1)
1 1
sin 2 C sec 2
16
1
32
1
2
4 tan 2 4 tan 2 4
d (Let x 1 2 tan
sin cos C
1 sec
16
1
16
x x
4 tan 2
d
tan 1 C 1 cos
2 8( x 4)
2
16 d
4 sin 2
1
g ( x) 5 4 x x 2 (sin ) 2 d (sin )
4
5 ( x 2 4 x 4) 4
27. (a) 1
9 ( x 2) 2 (sin ) 1 C
4
32 ( x 2) 2
x 2 2x 5
C
4( x 1)
1
(b) 5 4x x 2
dx
x 2 2x 5
C
4(1 x)
1
3 ( x 2) 2
2
d ( x 2)
30.
1
64 ( 2 x 1) 2
dx
cos
3
9 9 sin 2
d (Let x 2 3 sin )
1 d
C
x2
sin 1 C
3
179
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions
x2 9 9 tan 2 9
By using (a) and putting a = 1, x = ex, we have
ex
x
dx
3 tan
3 sec 2 d
dx
sec 3
1 e 2x
1
3
tan
d
d (e x ) 1
1 (e ) 3
d
x 2
sin cos 2
sin 1 (e x ) C
x2 9
(ii)
e x e x
dx
(ii)
x
dx
11 e 2 x e 2 x
1
9 (e 2x
2e 2 x
)
d (e x e x )
1
3 (e e
2 x x
) 2
d (e x e x )
1
3 2 (e x e x ) 2
d (e x e x )
e x e x
sin 1 C
3
180
12 Indefinite Integration (II)
1 1
3
sin cos d 2
2
x d (sin 2 x )
sin 1 1
3
sin cos d
2 2
x sin 2 x
2 2
sin 2 x dx
1 1
3
1
(1 u ) u du (Let u cos )
2 2
x sin 2 x
2 4
sin 2 x d ( 2 x )
1 1
1 x sin 2 x cos 2 x C
3
u (u 1)(u 1) du
2
2 4
1 1 u 1
3 ln C (2 x 1) e dx
(2 x 1) d (e )
x x
u 2 u 1
e (2 x 1)
e d (2 x 1)
x x
3 4.
1
e (2 x 1) 2 e dx
x x
1 1 x 9
2
3 ln C
e x (2 x 1) 2e x C
3 2 3
1 (2 x 3)e x C
x 2 9 x2 9
3 x 2 9 3
x 2 9 ln
2 x2 9 3
C ln x dx x ln x
x d ( ln x)
1
5. x ln x
2 dx
1
x ln x xC
2
1
xe dx
2x
x d (e 2 x )
2
1 1
6. xe 2 x
2 2
e 2 x dx
1 1
xe 2 x e 2 x C
Exercise 12D (p.12.31) 2 4
Level 1
1. xe x dx
1
x ln 2x dx 2 ln 2x d (x )
2
x d (e x )
1 1
2
xe x e x dx
x ln 2 x 2
x d (ln 2 x) 2
7. 2
xe x
e x d ( x)
1 1
2
xe x e x C x ln 2 x 2
x dx
2
1 2 1
x ln 2 x x 2 C
2. x sin 2 x dx
2 4
1
2
x d (cos 2 x)
ln x 1
1
x cos 2 x
1
cos 2 x dx
x 5
dx
4
ln x d ( x 4 )
2 2 1 1
1 1
x cos 2 x sin 2 x C
2 4
ln x x 4
4 4
x 4 d (ln x)
ln x 1
8. 4
4x 4
x 5 dx
3. x cos 2 x dx
ln x 1 4
4 x C
4 x 16
1
(4 ln x 1) C
16 x 4
181
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions
3 sin x
x ln x dx
2
3
ln x d ( x 2 ) tan x dx cos x dx
13. (a) (i) 1
2
3
2 2
3
cos x d (cos x)
x 2 ln x
3 3
x d (ln x)
ln | cos x | C
3 1
2 2
3
9. x 2
ln x x 2
dx
3 x sec 2 x dx
x d (tan x )
3 3 (ii)
2 4
x 2 ln x x 2 C
x tan x
tan x dx
3 9 x tan x ln | cos x | C
3
2
x 2 (3 ln x 2) C
9 x tan 2 dx
x (sec 2 x 1) dx
(b)
x sec 2 x dx
x dx
1
1 2
x 3 ln x dx ln x d ( x 4 ) x tan x ln | cos x | x C
4 2
1 1
x 4 ln x
4 4
x 4 d (ln x)
L.H.S.
2x 2
1 1 x2
10. x 4 ln x
4 4
x 3 dx
(2 x 4) 2
1 1 14. (a)
x 4 ln x x 4 C x2
4 16 2
1 4 2
x (4 ln x 1) C x2
16 R.H.S.
1 ln x 1 (b) ln ( x 2 2 x ) dx
x 2
dx (1 ln x) d
x
x ln ( x 2 2 x )
x d [ ln ( x 2 x)]
2
1
(ln x 1) d
x 1
1 1
x ln ( x 2 2 x)
x x 2 x (2 x 2) dx
2
(ln x 1) d (ln x 1)
x x 2x 2
x 2 dx
11.
x ln( x 2 2 x)
1 1
(ln x 1)
x x2
dx
2
1 1 1
x ln( x 2
x 2 dx
2 x) 2
ln x C
x x x 1
1
ln x C
x ln( x 2 2 x ) 2 x 2
x 2 dx
x x ln ( x 2 2 x ) 2 ln ( x 2) 2 x C
e x ( x 1)
(e x e x ) dx
1 2
dx x x
x2
1 2
e x dx e x dx
x x
1 2
x d (e ) e x dx x x
Level 2
12.
1 1 2
x e e d (x ) e x
x x x
dx
1 2 2
x e e x dx e x
x x x
dx
x
e
C
x
182
12 Indefinite Integration (II)
1
(2t t )e t dt
(2t t ) d (e t )
2 2
x cos 2 x dx x (1 cos 2 x) dx
2
( 2t 2 t )e t
e d (2t t )
t 2
1 1
2
x dx
2
x cos 2 x dx ( 2t 2 t )e t
t
e ( 4t 1) dt
1 1
( 2t 2 t )e t
t t
15. 19. e 4t dt e dt
x dx x d (sin 2 x)
2 4
( 2t 2 t )e t
t t
4 t d (e ) e
1 1 1
x 2 x sin 2 x
4 4 4
sin 2 x dx C
( 2t 2 t )e t
t
4 te 4 e dt e t t
1 1 1 ( 2t 2 t )e t 4te t 4e t e t C
x sin 2 x cos 2 x x 2 C
4 8 4 ( 2t 2 3t 3)e t C
r r
e
16. x sin x cos 3 x dx r
cos dr 2 e r d sin
1 2 2
2
x (sin 4 x sin 2 x) dx
r r
1 1
2e r sin 2 sin d (e r )
2 2
x sin 4 x dx x sin 2 x dx
2 2 r r
1 1
2e r sin 2 e r sin dr
20. 2 2
x d (cos 4 x) x d (cos 2 x)
8 4 r r
2e r sin 2 2 e r d cos
2 2
1 1
x cos 4 x cos 4 x dx
8
4
x cos 2 x cos 2 x dx
r r r
2e r sin 4e r cos 4 cos d (e r )
1 1 1 1 2 2 2
x cos 4 x sin 4 x x cos 2 x sin 2 x C r r r
r r r
8 32 4 8 2e sin 4e cos 4 e cos dr
1 1 1 2 2 2
x ( 2 cos 2 x cos 4 x) sin 4 x sin 2 x C∴
8 32 8
r 2 r r r
e
r
cos dr e sin 2 cos C
2 5 2 2
cos d d (sin )
2 2
sin sin d ( )
e 2 s sin 4s ds
2 2
21.
sin 2 sin d
2
17.
1
2
sin 2 d (cos )
4
e 2 s d (cos 4 s )
sin 2 cos θ 2 cos d
2
1 1
2sin 2 cos θ 2 sin C
e 2 s cos 4 s
4 4
cos 4 s d (e 2 s )
1 2 s 1
1
e cos 4 s
e 2 s cos 4 s ds
x 2 e 2 x dx
2
x 2 d (e 2 x ) 4
1 2 s
2
1
1 2 2x 1 e cos 4 s
e 2 s d (sin 4 s )
xe
2 2 e2x d ( x2 ) 4
1
8
1 1
1 2 2x
x e xe 2 x dx
e 2 s cos 4 s e 2 s sin 4 s
4 8 8
sin 4 s d (e 2 s )
2 1 1 1
18.
1 2 2x 1
xe
x d (e 2 x )
e 2 s cos 4 s e 2 s sin 4 s
4 8 4
e 2 s sin 4 s ds
2 2 ∴
1 1 1
1 2 s
x 2e 2 x xe 2 x e 2 x dx
e
2s
sin 4 s ds e (sin 4 s 2 cos 4 s ) C
2 2 2 10
1 1 1
x 2e 2 x xe 2 x e 2 x C
2 2 4 22. e ax cos bx dx
1 2
(2 x 2 x 1) e 2 x C
4
183
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions
1 1 1
b
e ax d (sin bx ) 1 cos 2 x dx 2cos 2 x
dx
1
1 1
e axsin bx
b b
sin bx d (e ax ) 3.
2
sec 2 x dx
1 a 1
e axsin bx
b b
e axsin bx dx tan x C
2
1 a
e axsin bx 2
e ax d (cos bx)
sin x sin x
b b
1 cos 2 x dx 2cos 2 x
dx
1 ax a ax a
cos bx d (e 4.)
1
e sin bx e cos bx
ax
sec x tan x dx
b b2 b2 2
1 a ax a2 1
e cos bx dx
sec x C
e ax sin bx e cos bx ax
2
b b2 b2
∴
e ax 1
x sin ( x 2 ) dx
sin ( x
2
e ax cos bx dx (b sin bx a cos bx) C ) d (x 2 )
a b2
2
5. 2
1
cos ( x 2 ) C
2
e cos x dx
cos x d (e )
x x
e cos x e d (cos x)
x x
1
23. (a)
x
e cos x e sin x dx x
x cos 2x dx 2 x d (sin 2x)
1 1
2
e cos x sin x d (e )
x x
x sin 2 x sin 2 x dx
2
e cos x e sin x e d (sin x) 6.
x x x
1 1
4
x sin 2 x sin 2 x d (2 x)
e cos x e sin x e cos x d x
x x x
2
∴ 1 1
1
x sin 2 x cos 2 x C
e cos x dx e x (cos x sin x ) C 2 4
x
x
(b) Let y = ln x.
We have e y x , e y dy dx . tan 2
6 12
dx
∴ x x
6 tan 2 d
6 12 6 12
cos(ln x ) dx
x x
6
sec 1 d
7. 2
cos y e dy 6 12 6 12
y
1 y x x
e (cos y sin y ) C (by (a)) 6 tan 6 C
2 6 12 6 12
1
x [cos(ln x ) sin(ln x )] C x
2 6 tan xC
6 12
Revision Exercise 12 (p.12.34)
Level 1 8.
1. (4 3 cos x 4 sin x ) dx
4 3 sin x 4 cos x C
184
12 Indefinite Integration (II)
x
5 x 1 5 dx
2 cot x cosec x dx 2
x ln(5 x 1)
1
2 cot x d (cot x )
5 x 1 dx
x ln(5 x 1) 1
cot 2 x C
1 1
5 5x 1
x ln(5 x 1) x d (5 x 1)
14.
1
x ln(5 x 1) ln(5 x 1) x C 1
1
5
cos x cos 5 x dx 2 (cos 6 x cos 4 x) dx
x ln(5 x 1) x C 1 1
5 sin 6 x sin 4 x C
12 8
dy 1 cos 2 x
15.
dx 1 cos 2 x
2 cos 2 x 1
2 sin 2 x sin 6 x sin 2 x dx 2 (cos 4 x cos 8 x) dx
9. cot 2 x 1 1
sin 4 x sin 8 x C
y
cot x dx 8 16
2
(cosec x 1)dx
2
3
cot x x C
16.
sin(4 x 1) cos 3x 4 dx
dy
sin 3 x cos 4 x
1 1 1
dx
1
[sin 7 x sin x]
sin 4 x 4 cos 3 x 4 d x 4
2 1
10.
1
sin 4 A cos 3 A dA Let A x
y
2
(sin 7 x sin x) dx
1
4
2
1 1 (sin 7 A sin A) dA
cos x cos 7 x C
2 14 1 1
cos 7 A cos A C
14 2
1 7 1 1
sin
2
3 x dx (1 cos 6 x ) dx 1
cos 7 x cos x C
11. 2 14 4 2 4
1 1
x sin 6 x C
2 12
sin x cos x dx
sin
7 7
x d (sin x )
17.
cos 3 x cos 3 x 1
sin 8 x C
dx dx 8
cos 4 x 1 2 sin 2 2 x
1 cos 3 x
12.
2 (2 sin x cos x) 2
dx 18.
1
cos 2 x sin 2 x dx
2 5
8
cot x cosec x dx
1
2
1 2
cos 2 x sin 2 x d (cos 2 x ) 4
cosec x C
8 1
2
cos 2 x (1 cos 2 x ) d (cos 2 x )
2 2 2
13. 1
2
cos 2 x 2 cos 2 x cos 2 x ) d (cos 2 x )
2 4 6
1 1 1
cos 7 2 x cos 5 2 x cos 3 2 x C
14 5 6
185
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions
19.
tan x sec 5 x dx
sec 4 x d (sec x )
x x x x x
2
cot 2 cot cos ec cos ec 2 d
2
1
sec 5 x C 2 2 2 2 2
5
x x x x
x x
2 2 cos ec 2 1 2 cot cos ec d
2 2 2 2
20.
sin 4
4
cos3 dx
4 x x
4 cos ec 4 cot x C
x x x 2 2
4
sin 4 cos 2 d sin
4 4 4
25. Let x 3 sin , dx 3 cos d .
x x x
4
sin 4 1 sin 2 d sin 1
4
x
4
x
4
x
9 x2
dx
4
sin 4 sin 6 d sin
4 4 4 3
cos
d
4 x 4 x 9 9 sin 2
sin 7 sin 5 C
7 4 5 4
1 d
C
cos x sin 2 x dx x
3 3
sin 1 C
3
cos x (2sin x cos x) dx
3 3
8
cos x sin x dx
6 3
x
21. 26. dx
8
cos x (1 cos x) d (cos x) 4 x2
6 2
1
1
(cos x cos x) d (cos x)
8 6 8
(4 x 2 ) 2 d (4 x 2 )
2
8 8
cos 9 x cos 7 x C
9 7 4 x2 C
22.
3 3
27. Let x tan , dx sec 2 d .
2 2
tan 2 x sec 4 x dx
tan 2 x sec 2 x d (tan x )
1
tan 2 x (1 tan 2 x ) d (tan x ) 4x 2
9
dx
( tan 2 x tan 4 x ) d (tan x ) 3 sec 2
2
2
d
1
tan 5 x
1
tan 3 x C 3
5 3 4 tan 9
2
3 sec
2
2 9 tan 2 9
d
1
6
1 d
23.
1
C
6
cot 3x cosec 3x dx
3 3
1 2x
tan 1 C
1
3
2
cot 3 x cosec 3 x d (cosec 3 x ) 2 6 3
1
3
(cos ec 3 x 1) cos ec 3 x d (cosec 3 x )
2 2
28.
1 Let x 2 sec , where 0 or .
3
(cos ec 3 x cos ec 3 x ) d (cosec 3 x)
4 2
2 2
We have dx 2 sec tan d .
1 1
cos ec 5 3 x cos ec3 3 x C
15 9 For x > 2, 0 .
2
1
x x
2
dx
24.
cot cos ec dx
2 2
x x2 4
186
12 Indefinite Integration (II)
sec tan
2
2 sec 4 sec 2 4
d
Level 2
tan
2 tan
d 31.
sin 2 x 3 sin 2 x 3 dx
1
2 1 d
1
2
cos
2
3
cos 4 x dx
1
C 1 2 1
2
1 x
2
cos
3
dx
2
cos 4 x dx
sec 1 C 1 1 1 sin 4 x
2 2 x C
2 2 2 4
For x < 2, . 1 1
2 sin 4 x x C
1 8 4
x x2 4
dx
sec tan
x
sin x cos
2
2 sec 4 sec 2 4
d 32.
2 dx
(1 cos x ) 2
tan
2 tan
d
2 sin
x x
cos cos
x
2 d x
1
2
1 d
2
2
4 cos 4
2
x 2
2
1
C x
2 sin
2 d x
1
sec 1 C
x
cos 2
x 2
2 2
2
1 1 x
x
tan sec d
x x
tan 2 x dx2
x x
3
x cos dx 3 x d sin
3
34.
1
2
(sec 2 x 1) d (2 x)
2
x x
30.
3x sin 3 sin dx
3 3
1
tan 2 x x C
x x x 2
3
3x sin 9 sin d
3 3
35.
x x
3x sin 9 cos C
3 3
187
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions
cos(cos x )sin x dx
x3 sec3 sec tan
cos(cos x ) d (cos x )
dx 256 d
sin(cos x ) C x 2 16 16 sec 2 16
sec 4
1 1 1 1 1 1
256
d
x 2
sec tan dx
x x sec x tan x d x 4
36.
64 (1 tan ) d ( tan )
2
1
sec C
x 1
64 tan tan 3 C
3
3
1 1 2
37. x cos 2 (ln x)
dx
sec 2 (ln x ) d (ln x) 16 x 2 16
3
( x 16) 2 C
tan(ln x ) C 1
x 2 16 ( 48 x 2 16) C
3
38. 1
( x 2 32) x 2 16 C
3
e 2 x sin 2 x 1 1
e cos 2 x
2x
dx
2
e cos 2 x
2x
d (e 2 x cos 2 x)
1
ln e 2 x cos 2 x C
2
1
sec x cosec x dx
2 2
dx 42. Let x 5 sin , dx 5 cos d .
sin x cos 2 x
2
3
sin 2 x cos 2 x
(5 x
2
) dx
2
dx
sin 2 x cos 2 x
39.
1 1
cos x sin x dx
3
2 2 5
cos (5 5sin 2 ) 2 d
(sec x cosec x) dx
2 2 3
5 52
cos cos d
3
tan x cot x C
25
cos d
4
3 3 2
Let x sin , dx cos d . 1 cos 2
2 d
40.
2 2 25
3
9 4 x 2 dx
2 cos 9 9 sin 2 d
25
4
(1 2 cos 2 cos 2 ) d 2
9
2 cos 2 d
25
4
25
4 2cos 2 d
25 1 cos 4
4
2
d
9
(1 cos 2 ) d 25 25 25
4 32
4 cos 2 d ( 2 ) (1 cos 4 ) d (4 )
4
9 9
sin 2 C 25 25 25 25
4 8 sin 2 ( 4 ) sin 4 C
4 4 32 32
9 9
sin cos C 25 25 75
4 4 sin 4 sin 2 C
32 4 8
9 2x 1
sin 1 x 9 4x2 C 25 25 75
4 3 2 [4sin cos (1 2 sin 2 )] sin cos C
32 2 8
41. Let x 4 sec , dx 4 sec tan d . 25 75
sin cos [(1 2 sin 2 ) 4] C
8 8
75 x 1
sin 1 x(25 2 x 2 ) 5 x 2 C
8 5 8
188
12 Indefinite Integration (II)
3 x 3 12 x 2 cos x dx
cos x d [( x ) ]
2
dx
x2 4
sec 2 ( 24 tan 3 24 tan 2)
2
x cos x d ( x )
2
4 tan 2 4
d 46.
2
x d (sin x )
1
2 6 tan 3 6 tan d
2
2 x sin x 2 sin x d( x)
2 x sin x 2 cos x C
12 tan d 12 tan d
1 d
3
1
x cos 2x dx 2 x(1 cos 4x) dx
2
12 (sec 1) tan d 12 tan d 1 d
2
12 tan sec d
1 d 1
1
2
2
x dx x cos 4 x dx
2
12 sec d (sec )
1 d 1 1
6 sec 2 C
47. x dx x d (sin 4 x)
2 8
1 1 1
x2 4
6
4
tan 1
x
2
C
2 x dx x sin 4 x
8 8
sin 4 x dx
1 1 1
3 2 x x 2 x sin 4 x cos 4 x C
x tan 1 C 4 8 32
2 2
48.
x 2 sin 2 x dx
1
2 x 2 (1 cos 2 x) dx
1 1
e sin x sin 2 x dx 2
e sin x sin x cos x dx
2 x 2 dx
2
x 2 cos 2 x dx
1 1
2
e sin x sin x d (sin x )
2 x 2 dx
4
x 2 d (sin 2 x )
1 1 1
44. 2 sin x d (e sin x )
x 2 dx x 2 sin 2 x sin 2 x d ( x 2 )
2 4 4
2e sin x sin x 2
e sin x d (sin x )
1 1 1
2e sin x sin x 2e sin x C
2(sin x 1)e sin x C
2 x 2 dx x 2 sin 2 x
4 2
x sin 2 x dx
1 1 1
2 x 2 dx x 2 sin 2 x
4 4
x d (cos 2 x )
1
x sin 2x dx 2 x d (cos 2x) 1
1 1 1
2 2
x 2 dx x 2 sin 2 x x cos 2 x cos 2 x dx
2 4 4 4
1 1
2
x cos 2 x 2
cos 2 x d ( x ) 2 1 3 1 2 1 1
x x sin 2 x x cos 2 x sin 2 x C
2 6 4 4 8
1 1
2
x cos 2 x 2
2 x cos 2 x dx
2
1 1
49. x (ln x ) 2 dx
2
45. x cos 2 x 2
x d (sin 2 x)
2
1 1 1
2
x cos 2 x x sin 2 x
2
sin 2 x dx
2 2
1 1 1
x 2 cos 2 x x sin 2 x cos 2 x C
2 2 4
2x 1
2
1
cos 2 x x sin 2 x C
4 2
189
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions
1 5
(ln x) d ( x )
2 2
∵ f
2 2 6
1 1
2
∴
x (ln x )
2 2
x d (ln x ) 2 2
2
1 1 5
1 cos 2 sin 3 4 C '
x (ln x ) x ln x dx
2 2
2 2 3 2 2 6
2
1 1 C ' 2
2
x (ln x )
2 2
ln x d ( x ) 2
∴
2 1 1
1 1 1 f ( x) cos 2 x sin 3 x 4 x 2
2
x (ln x ) x ln x
2 2 2
x d ( ln x ) 2 2 3
2 2
1 1 1
2
x (ln x ) x ln x
2 2 2
x dx ds
2 2 52. (a) ∵ v 3 16 s 2
dt
1 1 2 1
x 2 (ln x ) 2 x ln x x 2 C dt 1 1
2 2 4
∴ ds ds 3 16 s 2
1
x [ 2(ln x ) 2 ln x 1] C
2 2
dt
4
(b) Let s 4 sin , ds 4 cos d .
dt 1
2
50. ( x ln x ) dx
ds 3 16 s 2
x( x ln x ) 2
x d ( x ln x) 1
1
2
t ds
3 16 s 2
x 3 (ln x) 2
x 2 x ln x (ln x 1) dx 4 cos
x 3 (ln x) 2
2 x (ln x) dx 2
2
x ln x dx
2 2
3
16 16 sin 2
d
1
2
x 3 (ln x) 2
2 ( x ln x) dx
3
1 d
2 3
ln x d ( x )
3
2 2
x (ln x)
2 ( x ln x) dx x ln x
3
1
3 2 2 3 3
x d (ln x) C
3
3
2 2
x 3 (ln x) 2
2 ( x ln x) dx x ln x x C
2 3 3
1 s
3 9 sin 1 C
∴ 3 4
When t = 0, v = 12, we have
2 2
( x ln x ) dx x (ln x ) x 3 ln x x 3 C 12 3 16 s 2
2 3 2
3
3 9 16 16 s 2
1 3
( x ln x ) 2 dx
27
x [9 (ln x ) 2 6 ln x 2] C s0
1 0
∴ 0sin 1 C
3 4
51. (a)
f ( x )
( 2 cos 2 x 3 sin 3 x ) dx C 0
1 s
cos 2 x d ( 2 x )
sin 3 x d (3 x ) t sin 1
3 4
sin 2 x cos 3 x C
∴ s
sin 3t
∵ f 4 4
2 s 4 sin 3t
∴ sin 2 cos 3 C 4 53. (a)
2 2
C4
∴ f ' ( x ) sin 2 x cos 3 x 4
(b)
f ( x)
(sin 2 x cos 3x 4) dx
1 1
cos 2 x sin 3 x 4 x C '
2 3
190
12 Indefinite Integration (II)
dy d d
1 sin 2
d
(b) (b) ∵
1
dy
n cos n x ( n 1)cos n 2 x
1 x 2
dx sin 1 x C (by (a))
dx
1
d (sin 1 x) dx
y
n cos n x dx ( n 1)
cos n 2 x dx ∴
1 x2
cos cos
n2
n n
x dx y ( n 1) x dx
sin
1
x dx x sin 1 x x d (sin 1 x )
cos n 1 x sin x n 1
cos cos
n 2
n
x dx x dx
x
n n
x sin 1 x dx
1 x2
(c) (i) cos 4 x dx 1 1
x sin 1 x
2 1 x 2
d (1 x 2 )
cos 4 1 x sin x 3
1
x sin x 1 x C 2
cos 2 x dx (by (b))
4 4
cos 3 x sin x 3 cos 2 1 x sin x 1 u sec x tan x
4
4 2
2
cos 2 2 x dx
du (sec x tan x sec 2 x ) dx
3 2. (a) (i)
cos x sin x 3 3 [sec x ( tan x sec x )] dx
cos x sin x x C
4 8 8 du
sec x dx
u
(ii) ∵ 1
sec x dx u du
cos 4 x sin 4 x (cos 2 x sin 2 x )(cos 2 x sin 2 x) ln u C
cos 2 x ln sec x tan x C
∴ sin 4 x cos 4 x cos 2 x
(ii) Let x sec u , dx sec u tan u du .
sin 4 x dx
cos 4 x dx
cos 2 x dx
1
dx
x 1 2
sec u tan u
cos 3 x sin x 3 3
cos x sin x x
sec u 1 du 2
4 8 8
1
sin 2 x C '
sec u du
2 ln sec u tan u C (by (a)(i))
cos 3 x sin x 5 3
cos x sin x x C ln x x 2
1 C
4 8 8
1 x2
dx
191
NSS Mathematics in Action Module 2 Vol.2 Full Solutions
u 2 1 du
u u2 1
u d ( u 1)
2
2
u
u u2 1
u 1 du 2
u2 1 1
u u2 1
u2 1
du
u 2 1
1
u u2 1
u 2 1 du
u2 1
du
2
u 2 1 du
1
u u2 1
u2 1
du
4
u 2 1 du
2u u 2 1 2 ln u u 2 1 C ......(2)
1 x x2 4
x 2 4 dx
2
x x 2 4 2 ln
2
C
1
x x 2 4 2 ln x x2 4 C
2
192