Introduction

Residual petroleum hydrocarbons are derived from crude oil refining, and crude oil is a

complex mixture of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons (Eriksson et al. 2001, Zanaroli et al.

2010). Petroleum-derived contaminants constitute one of the most prevalent sources of

environmental abasement in the industrialized world; they severely damage the surrounding

ecosystems. Naturally, crude oil seepage was estimated to be 600,000 metric tons per year

with a range of uncertainty of 200,000 metric tons per year (Kvenvolden and Cooper, 2003).

Residual oil consists of hydrocarbon molecules, sulphur and nitrogen compounds that make

up crude oil, and petroleum products are highly toxic to many organisms, including humans,

causes organic pollution of ground water, soil infertility. This pollution of soil ecosystem

may be related to leaks or discharges of oil, gas, diesel and other petrochemical products

from storage tanks and wastes from oil industries, or accidents during hydrocarbon

transportation by trucks, ships or oil lines. The outstanding amount of spills in soil, water due

to increasing demand of petroleum related products as an energy resource, there is an urgency

to recover the ecosystem through a cost effective with green technology.

To recover the polluted soil, there were several methods such as physical (adsorption),

chemical (dispersion), mechanical, burying and biological method (bioremediation) to

remediate the contaminated soil (Bayat et al 2005; Thapa et al 2012), Among these methods,

biological method could be sparing, and efficient in large scale soil pollution.

Notwithstanding the low solubility and adsorption of high molecular weight hydrocarbons

limits their availability to microorganisms. Recovering of oil spills in water and soil through

Biodegradation is a complex procedure due to the different nature and quantity of

hydrocarbon present in contamination area, crude oil hydrocarbons can be separated into four
classes: the saturates, the aromatic, the asphaltenes (phenols, fatty acids, ketones, esters, and

porphyrins), and the resins (pyridines, quinolines, carbazoles, sulfoxides, and amides (Das

and Chandran, 2011). These hydrocarbon biodegradation in a wetland can be circumscribed

by available nutrients and available oxygen (Lee et al., 1993), addition of inorganic nutrients

can stimulate hydrocarbon biodegradation (Swannell et al., 1996). Mills et al (2004)

optimized these bioremediation strategies as well as evaluating additional treatment strategies

for wetlands and other shoreline systems. There are several types of microorganisms namely

bacteria, yeast, and fungi to put down the hydrocarbon in soil and other contamination area,

Adebusoye et al. (2007) reported that Arthrobacter, Burkholderia, Mycobacterium,

Pseudomonas, Sphingomonas, and Rhodococcus were found to be involved for alkyl

aromatic degradation. Similarly, Das and Chandran (2011) went over the microbial

degradation of crude oil and hydrocarbon, there are few strains P. aeruginosa, Bacillus

subtilis, Bacillus sp., Alcaligenes sp., Acinetobacter lwoffi, Flavobacterium sp., Micrococcus

roseus, and Corynebacterium sp capable to degrade the hydrocarbons . In addition, Chaillan,

et al., (2004) identified the potential hydrocarbon degrading microorganisms such as,

Gordonia, Brevibacterium, Aeromicrobium, Dietzia, Burkholderia, and Mycobacterium,

which was set apart from crude oil contaminated land. Biodegradation technology consists of

two important processes such as bio augmentation and bio stimulation, which are directly

affecting the degradation efficiency of hydrocarbon in soil. These above two operations are

controlled by Microbiological cultures, enzyme additives, or nutrient additives that

significantly increase the pace of debasement. Nevertheless, this bioremediation process

having the longer remediation times, which may strike several weeks to months. Longer

remediation period is not a good choice in order to recover the environmental system and

industrial orientation. The purpose of the present survey was to isolate the bacteria which

capable to degrade the hydrocarbon by using as a sole carbon and energy source with a
shortening bioremediation duration which could be having more advantages to recover the

upcoming hydrocarbon contamination.