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General
In all swimming pools, there are Average air temperature
problems of contamination caused by The following are general guidelines
substances introduced by the for chlorination equipment sizing.
swimmers and the environment. 1. Indoor pools
Eliminating the contamination to One (1) pound of chlorine feed
create a safe, pleasant and capability per day for each 5,000
comfortable place in which persons gallon capacity (20 g/h/20 m3)
can enjoy swimming and bathing, is
the objective of all owners, operators 2. Outdoor pools
and regulatory agencies. a. Cool temperatures - One (1) pound
per 5,000 gallons (20 g/h/20 m3) is obtained by using a small booster
The primary methods used to control
b. Moderate temperatures - One (1) pump or utilizing an existing
contamination are filtration and
pound per 4,000 gallons (20 g/h/16 circulating pump.
disinfection. This bulletin will discuss
disinfection only and the most widely m3) At swimming pools, the following type
accepted disinfectant, chlorine. c. Warm temperatures - One (1) of filtration equipment may be used
pound per 3,000 gallons (20 g/h/12 so chlorination may be installed in
Sizing different ways, as follows:
m3)
In chlorinating swimming pool water, 1. Pressure filter systems
These figures contain sufficient
factors to be considered in sizing the a. use a booster pump to operate the
excess capacity to cover most
chlorination equipment are: ejector (Figure 1).
installation needs even in times of
Pool volume and surface area overload (e.g. holidays, exceptionally b. There may be occasions where
Pool turnover rate - standard pool hot days, etc.) such that chlorine feed sufficient pressure drop is available
design generally provides for an 8- will average 1/3 of the rated for ejector operation. Use of this
hour turnover equipment capacity. Table I provides technique requires a complete
Location of pool - indoors or outdoors chlorinator capacity versus pool understanding of the hydraulics and
Configuration - a deep-diving pool volume based upon average air feed rate required since the pressure
exposing a small surface area has a temperature. drop across the filter increases as the
lower chlorine demand than a shallow System Operation filter is used (Figure 2).
pool of the same volume exposing a 2. Vacuum filter system
Chlorine feed from a gas chlorinator
very large surface areas. Factory requires sufficient vacuum to be Either use a separate booster pump
consultation is suggested in unusual created in a venturi for operation of to operate or take the discharge from
pool configurations. the chlorinator. Vacuum is created the filter pump to operate the ejector
using a differential in water pressure and feed the chlorine solution into the
to operate an ejector. The differential filter tank (Figure 3).
1. The reference to location by temperature is an aid to choosing chlorinator capacity. Temperatures refer to average
temperature for outdoor pools. 75°F (24°C) is considered cool, 80°F (27°F) is moderate, and 85°F (30°C) warm. Indoor
pools should use cool temperatures as a guide.
-1- 010.4012.0
Figure 1 - Pressure Filter System With Booster Bump
010.4012.0 -2-
Figure 3 - Vacuum Filter System
Anti-Siphon Ejector
A swimming pool filtering system that
is located above pool water surface
may drain back into the pool when the
filtering system is turned off. An anti-
siphon ejector should be used.
In Figure 4, the anti-siphon ejector
check valve assembly “D” is
mechanically locked in a closed
position by the push pin rods “C”
(attached to diaphragm assembly
“B”), in the absence of water pressure
in the ejector nozzle. Application of
water pressure to the nozzle will fill
cavity “E” through the nozzle bleed
hole compressing spring “A” by the
action of diaphragm assembly “B”.
Push pin rods “C” are pulled away
and the anti-siphon ejector check
valve assembly “D” is free to open
upon the creation of a vacuum by the
nozzle. The anti-siphon ejector/check
valve assembly maintains tight
closure of 30" of mercury vacuum.
-3- 010.4012.0
Summary
1. Use of Table I sizes the chlorinator. depending upon local requirement. 4. An analyzer may be used to
Automatic switchover systems may Generally, 1.3 pounds of soda ash continuously monitor chlorine
be desired for 100% standby. are required for each pound of residual.
2. The addition of gas chlorine to pool chlorine feed. 5. A free available chlorine residual of
water also affects pH. Corrective 3. The presence of foreign materials 0.5 ppm (mg/l) is suggested for
action with the addition of soda ash or (e.g. hair) can affect the ejector optimum bather comfort and safety.
similar material is required to keep vacuum. Care should be taken to
the pH at a level of 7.5 to 8.0, prevent any plugging by the use of
strainers and by cleaning the nozzle
and diffuser.