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Production of Pure Platinum and Palladium from Dore Yasemin Kılıç, Güldem Kartal Şireli, Servet Timur
Metals via Hydrometallurgical Methods İstanbul Technical University - Türkiye
587
18. Uluslararası Metalurji ve Malzeme Kongresi | IMMC 2016
UCTEA Chamber of Metallurgical & Materials Engineers Proceedings Book
preferred in this study too and after dissolving step refining 2.4. Evaporation of HNO3
of platinum and palladium was implemented by selective
precipitation. In this regard, refining process is started with Before moving on to platinum and palladium precipitation,
silver precipitation after the dissolution treatment in aqua the excess amount of HNO3 was evaporated in order to
regia is finished. After silver, in order to remove the gold provide a good oxidation.
from the solution, gold precipitation is achieved by Fe + or
NaHSO3 solutions. Following to this step, in order to 2.5. Oxidation of Pt(II) to Pt(IV)
discard the existence of excess amount of oxidant, the
evaporation of redundant nitric acid is performed. Once In order to precipitate platinum as (NH4)2PtCl6 salt,
precipitation of platinum as (NH4)2PtCl6 salt with NH4Cl platinum should be in +4 state. When pH<1, it is already in
addition, palladium is oxidized from Pd+2 to Pd+4 state and the form of +4 ion state, so there was no need for oxidation
is precipitated as (NH4)2PdCl6 salt with NH4Cl [4,8]. since precipitation was accomplished in acidic conditions.
In this study, pure platinum and palladium plaques are used Precipitation of (NH4)2PtCl6 salt was realized with NH4Cl
for examining dissolution parameters. For precipitation addition. In this step, precipitation time, NH4Cl amount and
parameters, alloys from a silver refining mud and resin temperature were determined as the parameters to be
recovery system of a plant were dissolved and these optimized.
solutions were used.
2.7. Oxidation of Pd(II) to Pd(IV)
After dissolution, silver precipitation step started. Once
silver was precipitated, gold also was precipitated and Steady state for palladium is +2. However, In order to
HNO3 evaporation step completed. Afterward, oxidant precipitate platinum as (NH4)2PdCl6 salt, palladium should
addition was done in order to precipitate platinum and be in +4 state. Therefore, a strong oxidant (perchlorate) was
palladium as chloro-complex salts. Finally, platinum and used.
palladium were precipitated respectively.
2.7. pH adjustment
2.1. Dissolution
In order to precipitate (NH4)2PdCl6 salt, pH value is very
Dissolution experiments were performed in aqua regia. Test significant. For the ideal precipitation, pH value was
parameters are dissolution time and HCl/Me(Pt-Pd) rate. determined as a parameter and precipitation yield was
After determining the optimum HCl amount in aqua regia, calculate for different pH values.
some studies were performed intended to reduce the
amount of HNO3 in aqua regia. The related equations are 2.8. (NH4)2PdCl6 precipitation
shown below.
After oxidation and pH adjustment steps, (NH4)2PdCl6
Pd + 3HCl + HNO3 ļ PdCl2 + 2H2O + NaCl (1) precipitation was actualized by addition of NH4Cl. Time,
temperature and amount of NH4Cl were determined as the
Pt + 4HCl + 4HNO3 ļ PtCl4 + 4H2O + 4NO + 2O2 (2) parameters to be optimized.
The silver included in the raw material was separated from In order to determine the acid mix proportion, a series of
the solution via cementation according to Eq.3 experiments were executed reliant to HCl/HNO3 rate and it
was observed that the mixing proportion should be
Cl- + Ag+ ļ AgCl (3) HCl/HNO34 (please see Fig.1). It is significant to have
this rate higher for avoiding the unnecessary boiling for the
2.3. Separation of gold (Au) evaporation of HNO3 in the precipitation step.
Fe+2 and NaHSO3 can be used for gold separation. Gold Other than this, the necessary amount of HCl in aqua regia
was removed from the solution by precipitating as gold was defined according to HCl/Pt=12 rate (cannot be
powders according to Eq. 4. The amount of chemicals used explained due to commercial reasons) and experiments
in this step was not examined as a parameter. were done also for HCl/Pt=24 and HCl/Pt=36 rates (Figure
2). HCl/Pt=12 is recognized sufficient for dissolution when
Au++Fe2+ļ Au+Fe3+ (4) environmental and economic factors and human health are
considered, hence this value was accepted as the optimum Table 1. Concentration of the solution at the beginning
value. Element Concentration[ppm]
Platinum (Pt) 2046.24
Palladium (Pd) 1990.66
Gold (Au) 1411.2
Silver (Ag) 0
Iron (Fe) 1538.4
Copper (Cu) 23685.6
Nickel (Ni) 52.4
Zinc (Zn) 838.8
589
18. Uluslararası Metalurji ve Malzeme Kongresi | IMMC 2016
UCTEA Chamber of Metallurgical & Materials Engineers Proceedings Book