SHTM-2023-Part-2-Access and Accommodation PDF

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Scottish Health Technical IV

Memorandum 2023
(Part 2 of 2)
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Good practice guide
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Access and accommodation for

engineering services
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Disclaimer
The contents of this document are provided by way of guidance only. Any party making any
use thereof or placing any reliance thereon shall do so only upon exercise of that party’s
own judgement as to the adequacy of the contents in the particular circumstances of its
use and application. No warranty is given as to the accuracy of the contents and the
Property and Environment Forum Executive, which produced this document on behalf of
NHSScotland Property and Environment Forum, will have no responsibility for any errors in
or omissions therefrom.
The production of this document was jointly funded by the Scottish Executive Health
Department and the NHSScotland Property and Environment Forum.
NHSScotland, P&EFEx, June 2001

SHTM 2023 (Pt 2): Access and accommodation for engineering services
Contents
1. Introduction page 6
2. General considerations page 7

2.2 Development planning
2.11 Working in confined spaces
2.15 Fire
3. Preliminary plan areas for engineering plantrooms page 10

3.1 General
3.3 Total engineering plan area (Figure 1)
3.6 Calorifier room plan area (Figure 2)
3.7 Ventilation plantroom plan area (Figure 3)
3.9 Lift wells and motor rooms plan area (Figures 4 and 5)
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3.10 Vertical plan area (Figure 6)
3.11 Water storage plan area (Figure 7)
3.12 Switchroom plan area (Figure 8)
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4. Engineering distribution principles page 12
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5. Common distribution requirements page 13
5.1 General
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5.2 Distribution
5.3 Distribution to plantroom
5.9 General access
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5.10 Frequent access

5.11 Intermittent access
5.13 Renewal of services
6. Site primary service distribution space requirements page 15

6.1 General
6.7 Ducts showing accommodation space for services, access and
working space
6.12 Subways
6.14 Crawlways
6.16 Walkways
6.18 Pipeworkdimensions
6.20 Electrical tray and cabling trunking
6.22 Ventilation ducts
6.23 Method of spacing services
6.27 Vertical ducts
6.31 Ha-ha and low-level piperuns – typical arrangement
6.32 Trenches
Version 2.0: June 2001 Page 2 of 92
© Borders General Hospital NHS Trust on behalf of
NHSScotland Property and Environment Forum
6.36 Chases
7. Plantrooms page 20
7.1 General
7.2 Ventilation plantrooms
7.8 Clean and dirty extract plant
7.12 High voltage sub-stations
7.13 Layout
7.18 Ducts
7.20 Low voltage switchrooms
7.20 Sitings
7.21 Layout
7.22 Electrical switchgear
7.22 Located within roof level plantrooms
7.23 Access and maintenance
7.24 Calorfier plantrooms
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7.24 Size
7.25 Site IV
7.26 Shape
7.27 Height
7.28 Construction
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7.29 Other services in the calorfier plantroom
7.30 Water storage rooms
7.31 Site
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7.32 Shape
7.33 Height
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7.34 Construction
7.35 Other services in cistern rooms
7.36 Storage of medical pathology and industrial gas cylinders
7.38 Operation considerations
7.40 Cylinder store design
7.42 General principles of cylinder storage
7.42 Key points
7.55 Location of main cylinder storage
7.62 Design and construction of main cylinder stores
7.65 Security
7.66 Requirements for manifolds for non-medical gases
7.69 Ready use stores
7.70 Medical air compression
7.70 Size
7.71 Site
7.72 Medical vacuum plant
7.72 Size
7.73 Site

7.74 Liquid Oxygen storage

7.74 Safety distances
7.75 Sterilizers
8. The zoning and routing of primary services in the hospital

street vertical shafts page 34
8.1 General
8.4 Standard shaft arrangement
8.5 Alternative shaft arrangement
8.6 Drawings
9. Service distribution within departments page 36

9.1 General
9.12 Structure
9.14 Drainage zones
9.17 Routing Drainage Systems
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9.17 Main collection drains (ground level)
9.19 Vertical drainage stacks IV
9.20 Drainage vents
9.23 Interfloor drainage
9.26 Ground floor damage
9.28 Pipework service zone
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9.28 Pipe main zones
9.29 Combined duct and pipe branch zone
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9.31 Pipe branches

9.32 Low pressure hot water
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9.32 Compensated temperature circuit

9.35 Constant temperature circuit
9.36 Hot and cold water services
9.36 Hot water service
9.37 Cold water service
9.39 Fire-fighting services
9.41 Medical gases
9.42 Electrical sub-main
9.42 Sub-main feeder cables
9.43 Trunking and conduit
9.44 Ceiling zone
9.47 Ventilation zones
9.48 Duct main zones
9.50 Fire dampers
9.52 Electrical zones
9.52 Electrical main zone
9.53 Departments with 3m high ceilings
9.55 Departments with 2.4m high ceilings

10. Definitions page 44
Figures page 46
References page 89
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1. Introduction
1.1 This part of Scottish Health Technical Memorandum (SHTM) 2023 gives
general guidance on the space requirements for mechanical, electrical and
public health engineering services in hospitals and provides data to assist in
the planning of those requirements. It relates services areas to hospital total
floor areas, and assesses the space requirements and clearances of pipework
and ventilation ductwork. Zoning principles are illustrated for a typical hospital
services installation.
1.2 Maintenance of building services can only be carried out satisfactorily if

adequate space for access is provided. This document establishes some
basic rules and principles for the allocation of space and engineering service
distribution in a hospital, and illustrates how a systematic approach can
improve design coordination and service installation on site.
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1.3 The data given is intended to assist in ensuring that space provision for future
schemes is adequate to enable easy installation and allow convenient access
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and sufficient working space for maintenance, renewal and possible extension
of the services.
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1.4 The guidance in this SHTM is based on information obtained from engineers
in the NHS, NHS Estates and consulting engineers, and is specially intended
for use during the initial stages of design when specific dimensional details of
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plant may not be available.
1.5 Variations in the structural system, department layout and engineering

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services provision will influence the extent to which this guidance can be
applied. Individual project solutions may differ, although most should be able
to adopt the principles of zoning and spacing for the services outlined in this
document.

2. General considerations
2.1 A modern hospital may require 50 or more different engineering services, and
others may be added later as new techniques are developed. Hospital
buildings can be expected to have a useful life of at least 60 years and during
this period engineering services will have to be renewed. Unless adequate
space is provided initially, the cost of renewing services will be excessive and
their extension may be impossible.
Development planning
2.2 With the increasing complexity of modern hospital services, it is more than
ever essential that the engineering and architectural aspects of a project are
developed simultaneously from its inception.
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2.3 The purpose of early collaboration is to ensure that the planning of medical
requirements and communications is properly integrated with the following
engineering aspects:
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a. services distribution;
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b. plant location;
c. future development.
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2.4 At the earliest stages of planning, designs should be based on an overall

conception of the complete scheme. It is essential to foresee as far as
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possible what provisions should be made for the passage of services, through
different parts of the structure, not only for present requirements but also for
possible future developments. It is important to ensure that any construction
does not preclude the accommodation of further services in the future.
2.5 Engineering services are necessarily continuous, and must not be obstructed
by structural design which might restrict such continuity. The effect of any
such obstruction will be felt far beyond its own locality, and may effectively
isolate large areas of buildings from services.
2.6 It is therefore most important that the basic structural design should permit
sufficient space for the services, and all such space must be regarded as
inviolable. Difficulties in this area will be minimised if the services engineer is
responsible for public health engineering.
2.7 The provision of extra space for future plant and services should be related to
the probable requirements. If there is little likelihood of an increase the extra
space allowed should be minimal, but a margin of up to one third above the
net basic requirement may well be justified. Possible developments in the
remote future should be dealt with at the time of their design.

2.8 The development of detailed engineering drawings will produce accurate

information on service space requirements, but these will not be available until
a later stage. If a satisfactory estimate of space requirements can be made
during the preparation of the sketch plans, serious and costly revisions will be
avoided.
2.9 Component data is not included in this document due to the wide variation in
sizes between manufacturers. The designer should make reference to actual
manufacturers’ data including drawings of the specific components or
assembly of components, for example air handling units, boilers, switchgear.
Reference may also be made to British Standards for specific components
and BSRIA technical note TN10/02 which provides space requirements for a
number of common service components.
2.10 Plant requirements will depend upon the design solution for the type, design
and function of the building. Consideration should be given to the following
points:
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a. services and plant to be accommodated;
b. optimum siting, in terms of distribution and the effect on adjacent
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accommodation;
c. optimum size;
d. floor loading when plant is fixed and during installation;
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e. space and access requirements for installation and possible subsequent
renewal;
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f. space and access requirements for proper and safe operation and
maintenance;
g. ventilation and combustion air;
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h. adequate lighting and heating;

i. fire precautions;
j. safety requirements;
k. the possibility of noise nuisance;
l. heat insulation;
m. minimum heights;
n. drainage;
o. surface finishes.
Working in confined spaces

2.11 Working within confined spaces should be covered by a “permit-to-work
system” covering safe working practices in accordance with the “permit-to-
work”. Reference should be made to Health and Safety Guidance Note GS5,
‘Entry to Confined Spaces’. The guidance note covers spaces where there is

a possibility of a build-up of gas or vapour, or where there is likely to be a

deficiency of oxygen.
2.12 The presence of asbestos products within a site will require implementation of
following approved codes of practice: ‘The Control of Asbestos at Work
Regulations 1987’ and ‘Work with asbestos insulation, asbestos coating and
asbestos insulating board, 1988’.
2.13 Where no “permit-to-work” system is in operation, it is important to ensure the

work is undertaken only after a full investigation and resolution of the following
matters has been completed, and the engineer has been informed in writing of
the proposals:
a. assessment of the task to be undertaken;

b. identification of the hazards of the task;
c. decision on methods of working to avoid hazards;
d. implementation of a system of work to incorporate these methods;
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e. monitoring of the operation of the system of work.
2.14
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Prior to the entry of personnel into the space and the commencement of work,
the space must be demonstrated to be safe by testing that no toxic or
asphyxiant gases are present and that oxygen levels are adequate.
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Fire
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2.15 Guidance on fire precautions is contained in NHS in Scotland Fire Safety

Management. Fire safety requirements should be established prior to
commencement of any services design work as the particular disposition of
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sub-compartment walls, cavity barriers and other physical fire precautions

may influence the service distribution and routing.

3. Preliminary plan areas for engineering platforms
General
3.1 This section provides guidance on initial plan areas for engineering services.
3.2 The information is based on data obtained from existing sites and new
hospital schemes. Measured service areas have been discussed with the
design engineers and confirmed or revised in the light of experience, and
where possible an inspection of the accommodation was made. The data
given is intended to be used during the early planning stages in conjunction
with schedules of accommodation. Figure 1 may be used before drawings are
available, and Figures 2 to 8 will assist during more detailed planning.
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Total engineering plan area (Figure 1)
3.3 The plan areas shown are for complete hospitals and the point of selection
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within the band should be related to:
a. the number and complexity of services;

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b. the shape and layout of buildings, which largely determines the amount of
ventilation required;
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c. the basic design of services, for example central or decentralised

calorifiers; electrical HV or MV distribution.
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3.4 The gross area referred to on Figure 1 is the sum of basic and additional
accommodation plus the circulation and communication areas, but does not
include engineering service areas.
3.5 Selection within the band will depend on the number of services to be
provided, and any special requirements for each service. The value obtained
from the graph should be checked against the sum of the areas required by
the separate services.
Calorifier room plan area (Figure 2)

3.6 It should be noted that several decentralised plantrooms require considerably
more space than one central room (but there may be some savings in
distribution services). The most appropriate policy for a particular hospital can
be determined by a financial appraisal of each option.

Ventilation plantroom plan area (Figure 3)

3.7 Ventilation requirements will depend upon the type of building, for example
the number of internal rooms and the extent to which full air conditioning is to
be provided.
3.8 The plan area for low level buildings with little mechanical ventilation will fall
well below the band shown on Figure 3, and the area required for a hospital
wholly or largely air conditioned will be well above it. An individual assessment
will be necessary in such instances.
Lift wells and motor rooms plan area (Figures 4 and 5)

3.9 The area required for lift wells and motor rooms is related to the number of
floors served. The band width indicates the variation due to service
requirements. For example, office accommodation does not require a bed lift,
but a block with a number of operating theatres may require several.
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Reference should be made to SHTM 2024; Lifts for further details on the
design of lifts. IV
Vertical ducts plan area (Figure 6)
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3.10 The requirement for vertical ducts will depend upon the number and size of
ventilation ducts and piped services to be accommodated, but shows no
appreciable relationship to building height.
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Water storage plan area (Figure 7)

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3.11 Figure 7 is based on examples where nearly all of the storage is internal. The
band width is attributable to variation in cistern depth and the estimated daily
consumption.
Switchroom plan area (Figure 8)

3.12 Figure 8 does not include accommodation for HV switch gear and
transformers (for which SHTM 2007; Electrical services: supply and
distribution shows dimensioned layouts). The graph shows the approximate
area required when space is specifically allocated for switchrooms.

4. Engineering distribution principles
4.1 The main engineering distribution principles, which are illustrated on the
exemplar hospital layout in Figures 9 and 10, are as follows:
a. each block may be serviced from the hospital street/corridor unless

internal ducts are appropriate for a specialist department, for example
pathology or operating theatres;
b. services (except drainage) will be contained within the particular floor they
serve, to minimise penetrations of the building structure between floors;
c. services to each department floor will have the means of isolation at the
hospital street interface;
d. the routing of the main engineering services to the departments and
plantrooms will be within or above the hospital street;
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e. major items of plant may be located:
(i) as a separate enclosure off the hospital street or service street (but
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not part of, or combine with, a life risk department);
(ii) in a discreet enclosure remote from the main building block;
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(iii) above the hospital street;
(iv) at roof level above a block;
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f. access to plantrooms will be achieved via general access stairways and a

covered walkway above the hospital street.
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5. Common distribution requirements
General
5.1 The assessment of requirements must be considered with respect to
communication, areas, plant and distribution, and be related to the site, size
and shape of buildings. Accommodation for vertical services will be decided
during the preparation of the development plan. This information will be in the
form of total areas required, to be sub-divided later as design work proceeds.
Distribution
5.2 As far as is practicable, departments that impose a heavy load on the
engineering services should be grouped and located near to the main
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distribution centres to avoid long runs of large capacity mains. It will generally
be found advantageous for services to follow the main communication routes.
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Distribution to plantrooms
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5.3 Generally, the first plantroom to be sited is the energy centre, so that the main
services routes can be determined. Energy centres are usually sited in a
service centre complex for the hospital, located centrally to the primary energy
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users, although consideration may be given to siting at roof level.
5.4 The next step will be to decide the areas required for other plantrooms.
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5.5 Consideration should be given to the degree of flexibility that is necessary to

allow for possible changes in the use of hospital departments.
5.6 In multi-storey buildings, a smaller number of large vertical ducts with

adequate provision for horizontal distribution above ceiling level and below
structural members may give the most flexible arrangement. A large number
of smaller vertical ducts with ceiling spaces for horizontal distribution as
necessary, will generally be less flexible.
5.7 The omission of space above ceilings produces the least flexible
arrangement.
5.8 Convenient access should be provided to all service spaces.
General access
5.9 Access to services, excluding requirements for initial installation, should be
considered for operation, maintenance and replacement.

Frequent access
5.10 Plant, valves, switchgear, and all equipment requiring frequent attention for
operation of the system or for maintenance, need immediate access. If
enclosed, access should be by hinged doors and adequate clearance should
be provided for ease of working on the equipment.
Intermittent access
5.11 Items not in frequent use or requiring maintenance only at intervals of some
months, need ready access, which may be by means of floor traps or
removable panels in walls, partitions and false ceilings. It is recommended
that access panels be fixed by means of quick-release fasteners, such as
carriage locks, rather than by screws and cups.
5.12 Access should be arranged, as far as possible, to enable work to be carried

out without affecting hospital routine. Access points should be convenient to
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items requiring attention, and in the case of rodding eyes sufficient space
provided to facilitate rodding of the pipework.
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Renewal of services
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5.13 Some services may have to be renewed once or twice during the useful life of
a building. Accommodation should be planned to allow for this and take into
account both weight and size of major items. Where emergency renewals are
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not envisaged the removal of door frames, windows, and even partitions and
non structural walls may be considered. The renewal of minor items does not
usually create problems, except for pipe lengths and allowance should be
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made for passing pipe lengths into the ducts at a later date.
5.14 The destruction of finishes to open up a trench or vertical duct or to increase

the size of an existing means of access could be more economical than the
provision of expensive, rarely used permanent access. The saving must be
considered with regard to the cost and inconvenience incurred at the time of
replacement.

6. Site primary service distribution space

requirements
General
6.1 This section presents, in tabular and diagrammatic form, information on the
space requirements for the distribution of site services, with suggested
arrangements.
6.2 Dimensions given will allow sufficient access to services for inspection,
adjustment or replacement. Where applicable, British Standards or British
Standard Codes of Practice should be complied with.
6.3 Dimensional allowances for lighting, drainage, wash down, ventilation, power
supply, access points and finishes are to be made as additions to the spaces
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required for the services.
6.4
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Detailed dimensions of access traps, doors, etc. are not given as these will
vary considerably with circumstances, but access clearances should not be
less than 450 mm square.
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6.5 The main requirements are:
a. adequate space to operate valve controls;

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b. unobstructed access to rodding eyes, etc;

c. easy access for inspection and maintenance;
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d. sufficient space to enable repairs and replacements to be carried out;

e. entry points large enough for the passage of equipment, materials and
tools likely to be required during replacement and extension work, for
example pipes, valves, pumps, welding equipment, etc.
6.6 Where pipes, ducts, etc, are placed behind fully demountable ceilings, walls,
partitions etc, the provision for working space given here need not be allowed.
However, services in such positions should have access doors or traps for
valves, rodding eyes, etc.
Ducts showing accommodation space for services, access

and working space
6.7 Figure 11 illustrates four possible arrangements for installing services in
horizontal ducts. Dimensions will depend on the number and size of pipes and
fittings to be accommodated, and on ease of access for jointing, installation,
branches and maintenance.

6.8 All four spaces may be combined in any permutation conducive to economy,
good engineering practice, efficient distribution and access. The sizes of the
service areas can be calculated from Figures 15 to 20.
6.9 Consideration should be given to leaving a space or part of a space free to

allow for future increases in service loadings.
6.10 The clear space should allow convenient access to install and maintain
services (see Figures 12 to 14).
6.11 The above arrangements are suitable for service corridors. It is preferable to
locate services to sides rather than overhead to allow access to the pipework
and cables.
Subways
6.12 Figure 12 shows engineering services accommodated on either side or
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overhead as required. Figures 15 to 20 give the dimensions of service spaces
which are additional to the clearance space values listed in Table 1.
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Table 1: Clear space dimensions
Dimensions of free Pedestrian use only Pedestrians and Pedestrians and
space trolleys powered vehicles
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A 2.0 m 2.0 m *2.0 m
B 1.1 m 1.2 m *1.4 m
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* These dimensions and turning radii to suit type of powered vehicles.
6.13 Allowances must be made for any services which cross the subway. Extra
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width in lay-bys must be included when the subway has to provide for two-way
traffic.
Crawlways
6.14 Figure 13 shows engineering services provided on either or both sides of a
duct, allowing minimum working space. Reference should be made to Figures
15 to 20 for the dimensions of service spaces, which should be added to the
dimensions shown.
6.15 Access should be provided at each end of the crawlway, for example from
plantrooms, and access openings with removable covers provided at intervals.
The distance between access points should be decided by consideration of
the particular circumstances and the installed services. When making
provision for access, consideration should be given to the removal and
replacement of lengths of pipe where this is practicable. The crawlway should
be ventilated to provide fresh air and prevent possible toxic gas build up or
excessive ambient temperatures.

Walkways
6.16 Figure 14 shows engineering services accommodated on either or both sides
of a walkway allowing clear space dimensions for movement and working.
Reference should be made to Figures 15 to 20 for the dimensions of service
spaces which should be added to the dimensions shown.
6.17 Access through removable covers should be provided at intervals to allow for
ventilation as well as the entry for materials, etc.
Pipework dimensions
6.18 Figure 13 indicates the clearances for pipes and valves to allow for
accommodation, servicing or renewal.
6.19 Table 2 lists the values of A and B (see Figures 15 to 19) for a series of pipes
and valves whether insulated (I) or uninsulated (U).
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Table 2: Pipes and valves, clearance dimensions
Pipe Dimension A (mm) Dimension B (mm)
diameter
(d)
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mm Welded or Flanged Cast iron Gas Water Steam
screwed
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I U I U I U
80 350 300 350 350 350 300 475 600 650
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100 375 325 400 375 375 325 550 700 800
150 475 425 475 425 425 400 700 800 950
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225 600 _ 600 550 550 475 750 1050 1325
Electrical tray and cable trunking

6.20 Figure 16 shows cable trays and trunking of nominal dimensions A and B, and
Table 3 indicates the minimum access space required for installation or
replacement of cables over the top, C, and at either or both sides, D.
Table 3: Dimensions of space requirements for trays and trunking

Trays (mm) Trunking
(mm)
A *B C D A B C D
100 12 225 225 75 50 225 225
150 12 225 225 100 100 225 225
300 18 300 450 150 150 225 225
450 18 300 450 225 100 225 225
* B is a nominal dimension and will vary according to manufacturer

6.21 For installation and replacement cable trays and trunking installed vertically
require front access of no less than dimension C. These minimum dimensions
are applicable only where a crawlway or walkway access is available.
Ventilation ducts
6.22 Figure 17 shows minimum areas required around ducts for access to dampers
and for making slip or flanged joints. See Figure 18 for clearance dimensions
C and D, for appropriate duct dimensions A and B.
Method of spacing services

6.23 Figure 19 shows a recommended arrangement for services in ducts.
6.24 Installation areas (taken from Figure 15) may overlap provided there is
reasonable access to services. The overlap should not exceed (A - d)/2 where
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A is the clearance distance and d the diameter of the smaller pipe.
6.25 Double banking should be avoided as it will create difficulties with

maintenance or renewal of services.
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6.26 If double banking is unavoidable, banked services should be paired (for
example flow and return) and the method of support should be such as to
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facilitate access.
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Vertical ducts
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6.27 Figure 20 shows typical vertical ducts of dimensions A x B with frontal access
for installation, maintenance and replacement of services.
6.28 The dimensions A and B will depend on the number and size of services to be
accommodated (allowing the clearance indicated in Figures 15 to 19).
6.29 Dimensions C and D will vary as follows:
a. with arrangement I, C will be equal to the full opening A and no clearance

depth D will be required as there is free access from outside the duct;
b. with arrangement II, C should ensure convenient access, and be not less
than 0.5 m. D can be the minimum necessary to clear valve projections;
c. with arrangement Ill, C and D should be at least 1.1 m and 0.75 m
respectively, and the access opening should have a minimal clearance
width E of 0.75 m and a clearance height of 1.8 m.
6.30 Rodding eyes should be easily accessible.

Ha-ha and low-level piperuns - typical arrangement

6.31 Figures 21 and 22 show services carried on supports or hung from cross
members. Provision should be made for movement of pipework due to
expansion and contraction. The accommodation should allow for original
installation, maintenance and replacement of services. Provision should be
made for drainage of the ha-ha and for the clearing of fallen leaves, etc.
Trenches
6.32 Figures 23 and 24 show services in trenches. The arrangement of services
accommodated in trenches will be dictated by the fact that installation can
only be carried out from above.
6.33 Trenches can be finished with cast in-situ concrete covers, or preformed
covers bedded in sealant and finished, for example, with screed or tarmac.
The exposure of the trench may require destruction of the finish (such as
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earth and grass) to obtain access and renewal on completion of servicing.
6.34 If there is need for frequent access after installation the covers should be
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readily removable precast units or filled metal trays.
6.35 When detailing trench runs, special attention should be given to the depth of
the trench to allow for cross-over points, falls in pipework and for drainage of
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the trench floor. The strength of the covers should relate to their span and
anticipated traffic loadings.
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Chases
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6.36 Figure 25 shows services in chases. Chases are mainly used for
accommodating electrical conduits and smaller sized piped services, etc.
6.37 The maximum depth of chases will be governed by the thickness and
properties of the material being chased. The width of chases will be limited by
the need to prevent cracking of plaster cover, etc, and should be mutually
agreed by architect and engineer.
6.38 An alternative is to use a trunking with removable covers which allows

convenient access for servicing and installing additional services.

7. Plantrooms
General
7.1 The space requirements for the engineering plant and equipment must be
identified early in the design planning stage. For guidance on escape routes
and escape route lighting, reference should be made to BS 5266:Part 1:1988:
‘Code of practice for emergency lighting’ with European amendment as
introduced; BS 5499: ‘Fire safety signs, notices and graphic symbols; NHS in
Scotland Firecode – Fire precautions in NHS Premises and Building
Standards (Scotland) Regulations.
Ventilation plantrooms
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7.2 Ventilation plant can best be accommodated at roof level. The space
allocation will depend on the extent to which ventilation is provided in the
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departments which interface with the particular hospital street section. In the
exemplars, the ventilation plant serves only the department interfacing with
the hospital street above which it is located.
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7.3 As the combinations of departments change to suit project needs so will the
space requirements for ventilation plant. It is therefore considered
inappropriate to prepare standard detailed plantroom layouts. General space
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provision for various ventilation plant requirements have therefore been

prepared in block diagram format to provide basic planning advice.
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7.4 Due consideration needs to be given to those departments which are almost
totally air conditioned or mechanically ventilated, and those which have 24-
hour or day (9 am to 5 pm) operation. The combinations of these will greatly
influence the number and size of the ventilation plants and therefore the
space requirements.
7.5 Where 24-hour-a-day departments are located together, and turn down ratios
are reasonable, a single ventilation plant may be the best choice. If turn down
is impracticable then separate plants will be necessary (see Figures 28, 29
and 31).
7.6 The ventilation plant space requirements for the operating department, where
individual plants per theatre suite are necessary and a separate plant is
required for the ancillary accommodation, are shown in Figures 34 to 37
inclusive.
7.7 Optional designs of plantrooms may accommodate boilers, calorifiers and

other plant (see Figure 42).

Clean and dirty extract plant

7.8 Ventilation plantrooms will also need to house the clean and dirty extract fan
units, and these may be floor or duct mounted. Exhausts from these units
must be positioned to discharge clear of air intake louvre and department
openable windows (see Figures 35 to 37).
7.9 Consideration should be given to the possibility of installing run-around coils

and associated equipment where heat recovery from these items is feasible.
7.10 Fans for special extract systems conveying hazardous or toxic products may
need to be sited in ventilation plantrooms. The discharge from these systems
should be at high level to atmosphere - the height and location is to be
determined in consultation with the appropriate authority (Environmental
Health Officer, Health and Safety Executive).
7.11 Extract fans for the smoke extract hood systems are also located in these
plantrooms and they should discharge to atmosphere above the plantroom
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roof level (see Figure 29).
High voltage sub-stations

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7.12 Sub-stations should be accessible from a road to allow easy access for
transformer changing, fire appliances, maintenance vehicles, etc. There are
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safety restrictions for personnel access to high voltage sub-stations, and
emergency exit doors of the approved “crash bar” type must be provided at
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regular 20 m intervals, and be located in suitable places to prevent

entrapment of personnel.
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Layout
7.13 The cable trench layout should allow adequate space for pulling in and
terminating cables, and wall clearances for servicing switchgear or cubicles.
The size of the sub-station should be related to the anticipated total
development, either by building an unequipped extension for future additions
or by locating and designing the sub-station so that future building extension
is possible.
7.14 Headroom should be sufficient to ensure adequate natural cooling and space
for luminaires and fire protection equipment; typical layouts are shown in
Figures 44 to 47. A work space should be provided at the end of the
switchboard for maintenance work on at least one circuit breaker. In the event
of an equipment fault it must be possible for the transformer to be moved into
the open air and a crane used.
7.15 Ring anchor fixing should be available for hauling transformers into position or
out to the open air.

7.16 The cable entries and ducts should be routed to avoid obstructing the
installation or removal of the transformer.
7.17 The following minimum clearances are recommended:
a. between transformer and wall – 1.0 m;

b. headroom above transformer tank – 1.6 m;
c. headroom above switchboard – 0.9 m;
d. between rear of HV and LV switchgear wall – 0.8 m;
e. at front of LV switchboard – 1 m vertically, and to the wall 2 m, for
horizontally isolated switching devices.
Ducts
7.18 Cable trenches and ducts should be constructed to avoid paths along which
surface water, leaking mineral oil or synthetic fluid will flow. If this is
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unavoidable, or if cable entries or exits occur at or below ground level, then
outside cover edges should be sealed with a suitable weather sealant. All
outside cable trench covers should be sealed against water penetration.
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7.19 Cable trenches and ducts should have fire-resistant barriers provided in
accordance with NHS in Scotland Firecode.
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Low voltage switchrooms
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Siting
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7.20 Switchrooms other than those associated with sub-stations should be sited as
close as possible to the load centre and arranged to allow convenient direct
entry to rising ducts, horizontal ducts, crawlways etc.
Layout
7.21 The layout should allow adequate space around the switchboard for servicing
purposes. Suggested minimum clearances between the switchboard and
walls are 0.8 m minimum at the rear and 1 m in front, plus additional space
recommended by the manufacturer for withdrawing switchgear. Where
provision is made for bus-bars to be extended, adequate space should be
allowed at one end of the switchboard for this purpose.

Electrical switchgear
Located within roof level plantrooms
7.22 The distribution strategy proposed in Chapter 6 for the routing of the main
electrical cables suggests the optimum position of the sub-main switchgear to
be within the roof level ventilation plantrooms (see Figures 28 to 39). In this
location, good access for maintenance and repair can be provided without
disturbing staff or patients. The option to position the switchgear within the
hospital street area or another selected location is, however, not ruled out.
Access and maintenance
7.23 Sufficient space should be provided for normal operating access,

maintenance and plant inspection and removal. Provision should also be
made for the lifting and removal of large or heavy items of plant or equipment.
Wherever possible the “line” of the rooftop walkway should continue through
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the plantroom to ease plant movement and general access.
Calorifier plantrooms
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Size
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7.24 Figures 48 and 49 show minimum plantroom areas required for the
accommodation of calorifiers, associated plant and equipment.
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Site
7.25 Calorifier rooms should be located as near as practicable to the load centres
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or between the load centres and the source of heat supply. They should
preferably have direct access to the outer air. Consideration should be given
to the effect on adjacent rooms of heat transfer through walls and ceiling.
Shape
7.26 In general the room shape should vary between a square and rectangle with a
maximum ratio of 3:1.
Height
7.27 A minimum room height of 2.7 m is recommended for the accommodation of

horizontal calorifiers. Vertical calorifiers may require a height of more than one
storey to achieve the necessary headroom.
Construction
7.28 The calorifier base should be designed to carry the weight of the calorifier and
its contents. The walls and ceiling may be required to support pipework and
minor items of plant. Bases for pumps should be designed to minimise

vibration from the pump and motor. It may be necessary to provide sufficient
space to allow for lifting equipment to be used during the installation or
renewal of the larger items of plant.
Other services in the calorifier plantroom
7.29 Space for general lighting will be required, with suitable electric power points.
Adequate provision should be made for the removal of heat losses from plant
to prevent an excessive rise in temperature in the plantroom. This should be
achieved by natural ventilation wherever possible. Drains will be required for
normal drainage and emptying down. If the plantroom is below drain level,
space for a sump and sump pumps will be necessary.
Water storage rooms

7.30 The area required to accommodate water storage cisterns is readily
calculated from the required storage capacity and the available room height.
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Additional space may be required for pressurisation plant or circulating
pumps. Figure 50 shows the minimum clearance that should be provided
around cisterns.
Site
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7.31 The most suitable location for internal storage is either the roof or the
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basement, except in very tall buildings where cisterns may be required on
intermediate floors. Water towers or concrete underground reservoirs may be
considered for external storage with the capacity of the high level cisterns in
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buildings reduced accordingly. Siting cisterns over vertical shafts such as

staircases may facilitate supporting the weight of the cisterns.
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Shape
7.32 The proportions of the cistern may have to suit the available site. The
cost/capacity ratio of the cistern increases as its shape departs from square,
therefore cisterns should be designed to be as close to square as is
practicable.
Height
7.33 The height will generally be governed by standard plate sizes and a clearance
space of approximately 1000 mm above and 450 mm below the sectional
cisterns.
Construction
7.34 Sectional cisterns using standard flanged pressed plates are most commonly
used for water storage. Adequate supports and supporting structure should be
provided. Curbs of adequate height should be provided around descending
ducts and at doorways to prevent the spread of spilled or leaking water. A tell-
tale overflow should be provided from the floor.

Other services in cistern rooms
7.35 Space for adequate lighting will be required around the tanks. A suitable
power point may be required in the cistern room. Adequate ventilation is
required for internal cistern rooms. Heating for frost protection should be
considered.
Storage of medical pathology and industrial gas cylinders

7.36 The following sections provide guidance on the storage of medical pathology
and industrial gas cylinders. Figure 51 shows typical layouts of manifold
rooms.
7.37 In respect of liquefied petroleum gas storage (LPG), it should be noted that
the principles of ‘The Highly Flammable Liquids and Liquefied Petroleum
Gases Regulations 1972’, should be followed as appropriate. Detailed
guidance on the storage of LPG is given in the Health and Safety Executive
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Guidance Notes CS4 and CS5, and the advice which follows is given without
prejudice to that contained in these documents.
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Operational considerations
7.38 This guidance represents the minimum standard applicable to all new
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installations, and the general principles should be followed on existing
installations so far as is reasonably practicable. Normally, existing installations
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will have been designed to comply with the recommendations of NHS in

Scotland Firecode and/or SHTM 2022; Medical gas pipeline systems as
appropriate, that is gas cylinders will have been stored either in a storeroom
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which is part of a health building or in a separate, specially constructed

building, both areas being used exclusively for medical gas cylinders. These
installations will usually be satisfactory if adequate ventilation is provided.
7.39 In cases where there are difficulties in meeting the requirements contained in
this document for either new or existing installations, for example on a
restricted site, the advice of the gas supplier or Property and Environment
Forum Executive) should be sought as appropriate. Where significant
problems exist, the local inspector of the Health and Safety Executive should
be consulted. Overall, the principles contained in this document should be
followed as far as is reasonably practicable.

Cylinder store design

7.40 Cylinders should ideally be stored in the open air, but where this is not
practicable, the store should be adequately ventilated to minimise the
possibility of gas accumulating in the event of a leak. Details of suitable
construction for a store are given in paragraphs 7.62 to 7.64.
7.41 Within the storage area, cylinders whose contents are incompatible, those
containing flammable and oxidising gases should not be stored together
unless there is adequate separation. Details of the storage area layout are
given in paragraph 7.62 to 7.64.
General principles of cylinder storage

Key points
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7.42 The cylinder storage area should be:
a. well ventilated;
b. clearly labelled;
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c. secure (but with clear access);
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d. used exclusively for cylinders;
e. for flammable and oxidising gases, free from naked flames and all
sources of ignition, and in a “no smoking” area;
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f. provided with barriers for cylinder segregation and to prevent cylinders

falling.
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7.43 Storage of cylinders containing compressed, liquefied or dissolved gases

within unsuitable buildings may increase the risk of fire or explosion. All full
and empty cylinders, apart from those in use or required for immediate use,
should be kept in specially designed stores, which should be sited away from
occupied premises, and used exclusively for the storage of cylinders.
7.44 Wherever possible, cylinders should be stored in the open air.
7.45 Where storerooms have to be used, they should be specially designed and
used solely for this purpose. A high standard of natural ventilation to the open
air should be provided at high and low level. If used for flammable gases,
adequate explosion relief should be incorporated, for example by provision of
a roof of lightweight, friable material (see paragraph 6.4 of the British
Compressed Gases Association Code of Practice CP8, ‘The safe storage of
gaseous hydrogen in seamless cylinders and similar containers’. Automatic
fire detection should be installed if appropriate as required by SHTM 82;
Alarm and detection systems).
7.46 Sources of ignition should be eliminated from all areas where gas cylinders
are kept. Smoking and naked lights should be prohibited, and suitable notices
should be posted in prominent positions to this effect in accordance with the

EEC directive which came into effect on 1 January 1981. For further guidance
see the Health and Safety Sign and Signals Regulations 1996; BS 5499 ‘Fire
Safety Signs, Notices and Graphic Symbols’; and BS 5378 ‘Safety Signs and
Colours’.
7.47 The store should be clearly labelled to indicate the type of cylinders it
contains, action to be taken in an emergency and the location of the key(s).
The graphic symbols in BS 5499 and BS 5378 may also be used as
appropriate.
7.48 If the store contains more than one section, each should be clearly labelled to
show which types or classification of cylinders may and may not be stored.
7.49 The store should have adequate means of access to facilitate movement of
cylinders on trolleys. The cylinder bays should similarly be arranged to allow
the safe loading and manoeuvring of trolleys.
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7.50 Industrial and medical gases recognition charts should be displayed, in
accordance with BS EN 1089-3 and BS EN 850.
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7.51 Cylinders should not be stored in bulk except in specially designated stores.
However operational policy may require small quantities of gases to be held
outside the main store in ready for use stores. The general considerations
outlined in this section will also apply to ready use stores.
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7.52 Full cylinders should be stored separately from empty ones in a clearly
identified area. Empty cylinders should be stored in the same way as full
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cylinders.
7.53 The store should normally be locked and access restricted to authorised
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personnel – see paragraph 7.65.
7.54 Cylinders should be properly secured to prevent toppling or rolling. Vertical

storage is recommended for cylinders containing dissolved or liquefied gases
and is essential for cylinders fitted with dip tubes.
Location of main cylinder stores

7.55 For guidance on the fire hazards associated with inappropriately located
cylinder stores and in buildings adjoining stores, reference should be made to
NHS in Scotland Firecode.
7.56 Main cylinder stores should be located at ground level; never underground, for
example in basements.
7.57 Where necessary, protection from vehicular damage should be provided for
example by a low wall, crash barriers or bollards. This should not significantly
restrict the ventilation, and should not create a ‘tank’ in which gases could
accumulate.

7.58 Adequate access should be provided to stores to allow safe delivery and
manipulation of cylinders.
7.59 Stores should be located close to the delivery point. Wherever possible, there
should be only one delivery supply point on each site.
7.60 No parking should be permitted within the delivery and storage areas, other
than for loading and unloading.
7.61 Stores should be located in the shade wherever possible (cylinders of liquid
ammonia require special protection from direct sunlight).
Design and construction of main cylinder stores

7.62 Stores should be constructed so as to provide maximum ventilation.
7.63 Where practicable, cylinders should be stored in the open air, with open mesh
fences for security. Protection against weather, debris etc. should not reduce
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the provision for natural ventilation below that given in Table 4 which should
be regarded as a minimum standard.
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Table 4: Design of main cylinder stores
Classification Sides Roof
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Medical and non – medical At least one major side open Light, non – combustible
inert and oxidising gases only. wire mesh (see notes). material, designed to prevent
Remaining sides brick or accumulation of gases in
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other non – combustible event of leak.

material. Where the sides are
not required to be “ fire –
resisting” they should
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incorporate suitably distributed

opening (for example air
bricks) at high and low level to
promote cross – ventilation.
Non – medical including At least 2 – sides open wire As above.
cylinders of flammable, toxic mesh (wherever possible
and / or corrosive gases. opposite rather than adjacent
sides). Remaining sides as
above.
Notes:
1. The sides should be at least 2 m high.
2. The open wire mesh should be industrial quality, chain link fence or similar material to
provide security and free ventilation.

7.64 The floor and hard standing should be level and constructed of concrete or
other non-combustible, non-porous material. A concrete finish is preferred and
is likely to have a longer life.
NOTE: Bituminous or other similar carbonaceous materials should not be

used for surfacing in the vicinity of cryogenic storage installations (especially
liquid oxygen), and in any area where spillage of cryogenic liquid may occur
(for example tanker delivery areas). (See SHTM 2022; Medical gas pipeline
systems.) The floor should be laid to a fall, to avoid the accumulation of water
in any undrained area of the storeroom.
Security
7.65 Unauthorised access to the store should be prevented. A perimeter fence of
industrial quality chain-link or equivalent, at least 2 m high, should be
adequate unless protection is otherwise provided (see also Chapter 6).
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Requirements for manifolds for non-medical gases
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7.66 Wherever possible, manifolds for gases other than medical gases should be
located in the open air. If this is not possible, the above guidelines on manifold
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rooms should be followed, with particular emphasis on good ventilation.
7.67 Explosion relief for flammable gas manifold rooms should be incorporated into
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the exterior walls or roof of the manifold room. It should be designed so that if
an explosion occurs, the pressure would be relieved safely. The area of
explosion relief should be equivalent to the area of one of the largest sides or
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the roof and relief may be achieved by using a roof of lightweight, friable
material or via openings in the walls/roof of the store (see also BCGA Code of
Practice CP8).
7.68 Manifold control panels for open air service should be suitably constructed
and protected against the weather for such a location. Such weather
protection should incorporate adequate natural ventilation to prevent the
accumulation of any gas leakage.
Ready use stores

7.69 In some areas it will be essential to hold small numbers of spare cylinders for
immediate use, for connection to anaesthetic machines, and for sudden
unanticipated demands. Such areas would include: operating department,
accident and emergency department, coronary care unit, central delivery suite
of maternity department, special care baby unit, intensive therapy unit
sterilizing and disinfecting unit, etc.

Medical air compressor

Size
7.70 The area required to accommodate a medical air compressor set is shown in
Figure 52. Reference should also be made to SHTM 2022; Medical gas
pipeline systems.
Site
7.71 Ground level or roof level are suitable locations for medical air compressors.
Allowance should be made for isolating the noise generated by the plant
during operation from adjacent areas. Adequate fresh air intake will be
required to the plantroom.
Medical vacuum plant
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Size
7.72 The area required to accommodate the medical vacuum plant is shown in
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Figure 53. Reference should also be made to SHTM 2022; Medical gas
pipeline system.
Site
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7.73 Ground level or roof level are suitable locations for medical vacuum plant.
Allowance should be made for isolating noise generated by the plant during
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operation from adjacent areas.

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Liquid oxygen storage

Safety distances
7.74 The area required to accommodate the liquid oxygen storage unit is related to
the surrounding buildings. Figures 54 and 55 and Table 5, 6 and 7 show the
required clearance for various situations. Reference should be also be made
to SHTM 2022; Medical gas pipeline systems.
Sterilizers
7.75 The area required for sterilizers is provided in Table 8 and typical layouts for
the plant are given in Figure 56. Reference should be made to SHTM 2010;
Sterilization.

Table 5: Separation distances: liquefied flammable gases, flammable

liquids and oxygen storage
a) LPG storage
Size of storage
Liquid oxygen vessel LPG vessels
(tonnes)
Weight capacity Equivalent liquid Separation distance
3
(tonnes) capacity (m ) 15°C metres
Up to 200 0 – 1.1 0 – 2.2 6.0
1.1 – 4.0 2.2 – 7.8 7.5
4.0 – 60.0 7.8 – 117.0 15.0
60.0 – 150.0 117.0 – 124.0 22.5
150.0 & above 294.0 & above 30.0
LPG cylinders and other liquefied flammable 7.5
gas* cylinders above 50 kg total capacity
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See also HS(G)34 ‘Storage of LPG at Fixed Installations’ and LPGITA COP 1 ‘Code of
Practice - Installation and Maintenance of Bulk LPG at Customer Premises’.
b)
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Other bulk flammable liquids and liquefied flammable gases
The separation distances listed above for LPG should be applied to the
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3
same stored volumes (m ) of other bulk liquefied flammable gases and
3
may be used for the same stored volumes (m ) of bulk flammable
liquids (+). These distances may be reduced depending on the nature
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of the flammable liquid and any protective measure and in these cases
an individual assessment of the proposed location should be carried
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out.
* Common examples of liquefied flammable gases supplied in cylinders include ammonia,
hydrogen sulphide and ethylene oxide.
+ Common examples of bulk flammable liquids include acetone, methanol, diesel, petrol.
Table 6: Separation distances: compressed flammable gases and

oxygen storage
3
Compressed flammable gas cylinders (m ) Liquid oxygen storage up to 200 tonnes
3 separation distance (metres)
(gas volume measured as Nm at 1013 mbar
and 15°C)
Up to 70 5.0
Above 70 8.0
Notes:
1. For liquefied flammable gas cylinders, see Table 1
2. Distances in Table 2 are based on hydrogen cylinders. Reference: BCGA CP8 (1986).
For separation distance for Acetylene, BCGA CP 6 (1986) should be referred to.

Table 7: Separation distances: flammable liquid or gas lines with union

flanges etc and oxygen storage.
Flammable liquid or gas line size (nominal) Liquid oxygen storage up to 200 tonnes
separation distance (metres)
mm bore inches bore metres
Up to 25 1 6.0
Up to 50 2 10.0
Above 50 2 15.0
Notes:
1. The above separation distances are intended to provide protection for the LOX
storage tank against jet flame impingement from an ignited release from the
flammable liquid/gas line.
2. The distances are based on LPG as the contents of the flammable liquid/gas line and
are given as a “worst case”.
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3. For flammable liquids or gases other than LPG in the line, the above distances should
be used, unless it can be shown that smaller distances are adequate to avoid jet flame
impingement.
4.
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If some means of protection from jet flame impingement (such as shielding of the joint
by fire resistive material) can be provided between the union/flange on the flammable
liquid/gas line and the LOX storage, and this can be shown to provide an equal or
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greater degree of protection than the separation distances shown, the separation
distances may be reduced.
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Usable Nominal Dimensions as Figure 56 Weight (a) Portage for
Chamber vessel mm Kg Installation and removal (b)
Space capacity maximum Maximum
3
m
Type of
sterilizer
mm
HxWxD
Version 2.0: June 2001

A B C Height Installed Fully mm Weight
Minimum (c) loaded HxWxD kg
maximum maximum
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0.28 Vertical chamber machine – refer to manufacturer
Porous load and LTS 780x635x635 0.4 1000 1200 1750 2060 1550 1740 2000x1050x1750 1400
LTS and F 780x635x935 0.6

C 1000 1200 1950 2060 1850 2070 2000x1050x2100 1600
780x635x635 0.4 1000 1200 1750 2060 1550 1970 2000x1050x1750 1400
Fluids 780x635x935 0.6 1000

H 1200 1950 2060 1850 2340 2000x1050x2100 1600
780x635x1250 0.8 1000 1200 2200 2060 1950 2500 2000x1050x2420 1800
a. Weight should be distributed using a minimum of 4 pads each measuring a minimum of 150 mm x 150 mm.
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b. Where possible sterilizers should be transported as a whole and not partially stripped.

c. Chamber opening should not be less than 915 mm x 660 mm.
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d. Laboratory and EO sterilizers should be sized to suit their particular application. Where a multi-purpose laboratory sterilizer is to be installed it
should comply with the data given for the porous load.
Table 8: Planning Dimensions for preferred sizes of sterilizer
Page 33 of 92
8. The zoning and routing of primary services in the

hospital street vertical shafts
General
8.1 Engineering services may be distributed to departments via service shafts
located within the hospital street. As well as facilitating vertical
communication and distribution of services between plantrooms and
departments, these shafts form the main vertical distribution zone. It is
important, therefore, that sufficient space should be provided within these
shafts to accommodate the services provisions for the whole building.
8.2 Where possible, services should be positioned to interface directly with the
departmental zoning and spacing principles set down in Chapter 9. Figures
57 and 58 illustrate how space is allocated within the shaft to allow smoke
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canopy extract ducts on each floor level to be taken up to roof level
plantrooms in a separate fire-rated enclosure. A similar enclosure is included
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for the distribution of the departmental electrical feeder cables and isolators.
At each floor level, direct access from the hospital street to the electrical
enclosures is recommended. Engineering shafts, apart from those
containing electrical services, generally need not be carried below the
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ground floor ceiling zone down through to the ground floor slab. Access to
these shafts for the isolation of services to ground floor and first floor may be
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accomplished at first floor level (see Figures 57 and 58).
8.3 The space provision for ventilation ductwork in each shaft will be determined
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by the functional, clinical and fire requirement of particular departments, and

also the limitations imposed by the available service void heights inside the
building. Piped water services are generally grouped in one shaft, while
medical gas services are contained in another.
Standard shaft arrangement

8.4 The standard arrangement shown consists of two rectangular shafts
interfacing directly with a department which does not contain a lift or
stairway.
Alternative shaft arrangement

8.5 This arrangement is only appropriate where a lift and/or stairway is
incorporated within the department entrance. The services provision is
similar to the standard arrangement but the shafts are contained within the
zone by the lift or stairway.

Drawings
8.6 The drawings depict basic zoning principles for typical departmental
accommodation and show how they may be interpreted for typical services
routing into engineering shafts positioned at the hospital street interface.
These drawings are illustrative only and teams will need to consider local
project requirements when designing structural variations and other options
for accommodating services not included within this guidance.
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9. Service distribution within departments
General
9.1 This chapter provides guidance for all floor levels where a full width ceiling
void can be utilised for the distribution of engineering services.
9.2 All the engineering services principles referred to in this section apply to a
typical departmental layout. The zoning principles developed and described
below have been based on the maximum expected service requirements for
a hospital complex containing various departments, each approximately
2
1400 m in area, and with a minimum ceiling height of 2.7 m (excluding
corridors and WCs). For areas requiring a ceiling height of 3 m, such as
operating theatres and X-ray departments, these rules may need to be
modified accordingly.
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9.3 In some departments on the top floor, roof lights may be provided and the
routing of the services will need to be coordinated to suit the particular type
and application.
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9.4 The services provision to each department will dictate the extent to which
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individual service zones will be utilised. Flexibility is not allowed in the pipe
or duct mains zone where services have pre-determined routes dimensioned
in the horizontal plane. Branch pipes and ducts should be grouped within the
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particular zone to provide good access and supports arrangement.
9.5 Figures 57 and 58 illustrate typical department services layouts. These plans
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indicate the routing of services within the department zone and show how
services are connected to:
a. the mains distribution system located in the hospital street;

b. rooftop plantrooms via the vertical services shafts.
9.6 Individual services have been allocated a zone or zones through which they
may be routed and, apart from vertical penetration by other services, each
zone is generally reserved for the assigned service or services. By zoning
the services in this manner the difficulties of coordination between them are
kept to an absolute minimum. The final design solution for individual
services is left to the planning team.
9.7 When dealing with a Whole Hospital design the collection of departments is
varied in size and functions and service requirements. A standard
arrangement for the services at the hospital street/development interface is
therefore essential if the design of the hospital street is not to be over-
complicated by different solutions at every interface. This does not mean
that a standard arrangement at the interface will solve all problems, but it will

enable standard zoning and spacing arrangements within the hospital street
to be workable and easier to apply.
9.8 Drainage has more significant constraints than any other service and, as a
consequence, it is more important that its zones are not penetrated by other
services. Moreover the services void for a particular department will contain
the drainage zone for the department located on the floor above. It is
therefore essential that no intrusions into the drainage zone above the false
ceiling are made. It is permissible, however, for a department’s services to
pass through its own drainage zone, that is, below floor level. Such an
arrangement should be avoided, however, since it increases costs and the
need for coordination.
9.9 The physical integration between services and the components of the
building, such as structure, partitions and ceiling support system, are
determined in such a way as to suit individual departmental arrangements
and service requirements.
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9.10 Each department floor may be serviced independently, from its interface with
the hospital street. The following basic rules relate to the overall routing of
services within the department and should be applied during the early
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planning stages of the engineering design. The rules aim to simplify the
design and routing of services, keep the service loads and therefore sizes to
a minimum at departmental entrances, minimise coordination, and lead to
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the better preparation of engineering drawings.
9.11 Although each block can accommodate a part of one, or a number of

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individual departments, the basic service routing, illustrated in Figures 57

and 58, remains the same.
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Structure
9.12 The zoning and routing of mechanical and electrical engineering services in
this document has been set out according to a notional department
structural grid. The structural grid may be modified to accommodate the
structural variations within hospital developments and the designer will be
required to modify the zoning as appropriate. The suggested minimum
beam/floor slab depths are assumed to be as illustrated by Figure 59.
9.13 Mechanical and electrical vertical shafts or ducts are located at the
department and hospital street interface. These allow vertical
communication of services between plantrooms and the main horizontal
distribution system into each floor.

Drainage zones
9.14 The drainage branch zone and the perimeter drainage zone contain all
drainage pipework. Where a department is single storey or where it
constitutes the top floor of a block, this zone may be utilised for rain-water
pipework.
9.15 The drainage vent pipe may be routed within the combined pipe and duct
branch zone, and will need to be coordinated with the other services using
this zone.
9.16 The drainage system should be contained fully within the drainage zones
and should not impinge on any other zone. Similarly no other service should
impinge on the drainage zone unless it is related to the department to which
the drainage design is associated.
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Routing drainage systems
Main collection drains (ground level)
9.17
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The route of each main collection drain is either towards the hospital street
or preferably towards the periphery of the building for connection into the
main hospital drain.
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9.18 Separate main collection drains convey the soil and waste and surface water
drainage from each departmental department into the main hospital drain.
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Vertical drainage stacks

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9.19 Vertical drainage stacks may rise at the corners of each module of the
departmental unit for a vertical drainage duct to accommodate the soil and
waste vent stacks, the surface water stack and the drainage vent pipes.
Drainage vents
9.20 Drainage ventilation pipework should be kept to a minimum.
9.21 A 50 mm diameter vent pipe may be required at the high point of all heavily
loaded main drains and spine or branch drains of exceptional length.
9.22 For top floor locations having a pitched roof, the drainage vent pipe may be
contained solely within the combined duct and pipe branch zone, and routed
towards a corner stack location. The connection to the stack may not be
possible within the building and in this situation the vent may terminate
through the roof adjacent to this position. The service branches will be
positioned and routed, and then the vent pipe(s) coordinated with them.

Interfloor drainage
9.23 The drainage system employed for above-ground templates is basically
horizontal in concept (shallow gradient). The zones through which the
drainage pipework from above-ground floor departments is routed are
located in the service void of the department below, and are reserved for
drainage systems only.
9.24 Outlets from sanitary appliances may drop vertically through the structural
slab into the drainage branch zone below, and connect into collecting spine
drains to discharge into the perimeter drainage zone at each side of the
module.
9.25 The design should allow blockages to be cleared from above floor level via
an access point located either at or adjacent to each sanitary appliance or
fitting. Rodding eyes at floor level and access to pipework below the floor
slab are not generally acceptable.
E
Ground floor drainage
IV
9.26 The ground floor does not impose the same restrictions on the penetration
and zoning of the drainage pipework. A similar concept may, however, be
followed.
H
9.27 Internal manholes should be provided at the junction between spine and
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main drains only in areas where they are clinically acceptable.

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Pipework service zone

Pipe main zones
9.28 The pipe mains are contained in zones within the services void as follows:
a. Central pipe main zones – these zones contain all piped distribution
services with the exception of the drainage pipework and the
compensated low pressure hot water (LPHW) heating mains (see Figure
60);
b. Perimeter pipe mains zones – these zones, which run down the
perimeter of each side of the block, contain only the compensated
LPHW heating mains. The positions shown should be adhered to since
they generally allow for the most economic runs of the services.

Combined duct and pipe branch zone
9.29 To fully utilise the total space requirements of the engineering services void,
the duct and pipe branch zones are combined. This will entail a greater
degree of coordination of services and therefore will necessitate
identification of the ventilation requirements at an early stage.
9.30 When routing the branch ducts in this zone an overall dimensional allowance
of 50 mm should be made for flanges, supports and insulation.
Pipe branches
9.31 Branch pipes do not have prescribed routes within the branch zone. They
need, therefore, to be coordinated with the branch ventilation ductwork and
the electrical services where they pass through the crossover zone or
electrical zone.
Low pressure hot water heating
E
Compensated temperature circuit
9.32
IV
The general pipework arrangement within the service void of each
department unit for radiator and convector systems is shown in Figure 60.
H
9.33 The branch pipework to local low level circuits at the perimeter should drop
within a vertical (100 mm min) engineering zone at the perimeter of the
block.
C
9.34 Terminal emitters sited internally within the department can be served via
local partitions. In this instance, isolating and regulating valves should not be
AR
positioned within the partitioning unless suitable access to them can be

arranged.
Constant temperature circuit

9.35 Ceiling mounted fan convectors, and duct mounted heating coils requiring
constant temperature low pressure hot water, may have control valves
located within the false ceiling. As no alternative is available to the siting of
these valves, every effort should be made to ensure that good access to and
around these fittings is made available.

Hot and cold water services

Hot water service
9.36 Each department may be served separately from the hospital street by a
conventional two-pipe flow and return system. The pipework is routed
horizontally in a predetermined position through the service void to dropper
positions adjacent to the draw-off points. Careful consideration must be
given to the routing of branch flow and return pipework to draw-off points
particularly to avoid venting problems.
Cold water service
9.37 Provision has been made within the rules for a single potable cold water
service (CWS) pipe. The main enters the department from the hospital street
and runs in a predetermined position within the service void. The system
design must observe all the necessary precautions against back siphonage
E
as outlined in SHTM 2027; Hot and cold water supply, storage and main
services. IV
9.38 The CWS pipework to draw-off points will drop from the high level
distribution pipework to draw-off points either within the thickness of the
partition or via vertical pipe ducts adjacent to a fitting or range of fittings.
H
Fire-fighting services
9.39 Reference should be made to NHS in Scotland Firecode.

C
9.40 Where a sprinkler system is installed, the distribution pipes may be run in
the combined duct and pipe branch zones and coordination will be required
AR
where the branch pipes pass through the electrical and ceiling zones to
connect to the sprinkler heads.
Medical gases
9.41 Consideration should be given to the siting of the main isolation valves at
department entrances and nurses' station. The valves will need to be
accessed in an emergency and for maintenance; they should therefore be
located in a site that is readily accessible and unlikely to be obstructed by
equipment. See SHTM 2022 for specific requirements.

Electrical sub-main
Sub-main feeder cables
9.42 The main feeder tray which carries the essential and non-essential sub-main
feeder cables to the departmental switchcupboard should have a
predetermined route dimensioned in the horizontal plane within the hospital
street.
Trunking and conduit
9.43 There is no predetermined horizontal position for the distribution trunking

and fire conduit. However, it is recommended these be routed within the
main services zone in a readily accessible position above corridor areas,
where practical, or in areas where normal departmental routines will not be
interrupted.
E
Ceiling zone IV
9.44 This zone provides the spatial requirements necessary to accommodate the
ceiling and the support members.
9.45 Access will be required through the ceiling zone into the space above for the
H
inspection and maintenance of all plant and equipment located in the ceiling
zone.
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9.46 Items of equipment which require regular attention should be positioned in

areas which will cause minimum disruption to department routines.
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Ventilation zones
9.47 An allowance of 50 mm is included in the depth of the ventilation zone for
flanges, supports and insulation, and to provide a clearance between
adjacent zones.
Duct mains zones
9.48 Supply, clean and dirty extract air ducts may enter the department from the
vertical engineering services shafts at the hospital street interface. They
then may run horizontally within the duct mains zones which run down each
side of the block.
9.49 Duct mains, to serve the side areas of the department, are routed initially
into the combined duct and pipe branch zone. Once the perimeter drainage
zone within the side module has been cleared, the ducts may then rise back
into the main ventilation zone of the side module.

Fire dampers
9.50 Fire dampers are required in ducts which pass through fire compartment
floors and walls. Regular access will be required to check and reset all fire
and smoke dampers. Adequate space for access to the fire damper should
be provided to allow service personnel access to service and reset the
damper.
9.51 Further advice and information on the provision of fire dampers is contained
in NHS in Scotland Firecode.
Electrical zone
Electrical main zone
9.52 This zone contains both the essential and non-essential sub-main feeder
cables which run from the electrical riser switchroom in the hospital street to
E
the department switchcupboard. The department switchcupboard should be
located centrally within the department.
IV
Departments with 3 m high ceilings
9.53 Basic spacing and zoning principles can be applied to departments, such as
H
X-ray and operating theatres, which have a ceiling height of 3 m.
9.54 In all cases the drainage zone related to such a department should not be
C
penetrated unless the precise routing of these drains is known.
Departments with 2.4 m high ceilings

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9.55 A 2.4 m high ceiling will not normally involve any major engineering routing
problems. It will also be possible to maintain the basic zoning and spacing
principles for the main through services within the department and where
these interface with the hospital street.
9.56 The drawings in this chapter depict, for ground, intermediate and top floor
locations, basic zoning principles and how they may be interpreted for typical
services provision. These drawings are illustrative only and design teams
may need to include local project variations to suit particular needs. In this
respect roof profiles, structural systems and roof lights can often impose
zoning and routing constraints not included within this guidance.

10. Definitions
10.1 Chase: An accommodation for small services cut or formed in the building
fabric and covered by the normal finish. Subsequent access is usually
obtained by destroying the finish.
10.2 Crawlway: An enclosed horizontal space for services large enough to permit
a person to crawl along for a reasonable distance or work in cramped
conditions for a reasonable period according to circumstances and installed
services, when all services have been installed.
10.3 Duct (horizontal): A general term referring to an enclosed space used for
the distribution of horizontal services.
10.4 Duct (vertical): An enclosure specifically designed for the controlled
E
movement of air.
10.5 Ha-ha: An open trench with one or both sides sloped in which services are
IV
run to avoid spoiling the general appearance of the landscape.
10.6 Lift well: A vertical space through a building in which lifts will be installed.
H
10.7 Plant: Equipment supplying or served by the engineering services or used
for their maintenance.
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10.8 Public health engineering: The drainage system within the building,
including waters, overflows, soil pipes, and rainwater pipes.
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10.9 Service corridor: A passageway at or above ground level, primarily

intended for the use of hospital personnel. Part of such a passageway may
be suitably separated for the accommodation of services.
10.10 Services: The mechanical, electrical and public health engineering services
distributed throughout the hospital.
10.11 Subway: An underground traffic route between buildings through or

alongside which provision may be made for the installation of services.
10.12 Trench: A covered horizontal services space in the floor or ground with
access from above.
10.13 Void: A space formed in the construction of a building, which can be used
for the installation of services, but is not necessarily constructed for that
purpose.
10.14 Walkway: An enclosed space for horizontal services, large enough to permit
a person to walk freely and work comfortably when all services have been
installed.

10.15 Department: the building envelope containing a department which may be

on a single floor or multi-floors.
10.16 Template: the floor of a block which can be isolated as a single entry within
a hospital development and may contain more than one department.
10.17 Ready use store: a local store within a particular department for a limited
number of medical gas cylinders - usually one day’s supply for reserve
purposes, and cylinders for immediate use.
10.18 Fire Safety Officer: as defined in NHS in Scotland Firecode.
10.19 Flammable: capable of burning with a flame.
10.20 Main cylinder storage area: the main area where all cylinders on a site are
stored, excluding only those cylinders in use in manifold rooms or in ready
use stores.
10.21 Manifold rooms: a purpose built room designed to accommodate a cylinder
E
manifold installation, and reserve cylinders as appropriate.
10.22
IV
Medical gases: gases used for clinical purposes.
10.23 Non-medical gases: all other gases including those used for industrial
purposes and in laboratories and pathology departments.
H
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From top:
Figure 1: Total engineering area per gross floor area
Figure 2: Calorifier plantroom/gross floor area
Figure 3: Ventilation plantroom/gross floor area

T O T A L E N G IN E E R IN G A R E A S Q . M .
5000
E N G I N E E R IN G A R E A C O M P R IS E S :
C A L O R IF IE R P L A N T R O O M S
4000 V E N T I L A T IO N P L A N T R O O M S
L IF T W E L L S A N D M O T O R R O O M S
UPPER
V E R T IC A L D U C T S
W ATER STO R AG E
3000 S W IT C H R O O M S
LOW ER
2000
1000
E
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
A R E A O F C A L O R I F I E R P L A N T R O O M ( S Q . M .)
G R O S S F L O O R A R E A ( E X C L U D I N G E N G I N E E R IN G A R E A S ) 1 0 0 0 S Q . M .
F IG U R E 1 T O T A L E N G IN E E R IN G A R E A P E R G R O S S F L O O R A R E A
500
IV
400
UPPER
H
300
LOW ER
200
C
100
AR
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
A R E A O F V E N T IL A T I O N P L A N T R O O M ( S Q . M .)
F I G U R E 2 C A L O R I F IE R P L A N T R O O M /G R O S S F L O O R A R E A
1250
1000
UPPER
750
LOW ER
500
250
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

From top:
Figure 4: Lift wells and motor rooms/gross floor area.
Figure 5: Lift wells and motor rooms/gross floor area.
Figure 6: Vertical duct area/gross floor area.
AREA OF LIFT WELLS AND MOTOR ROOMS SQ. M.
1250
AREA COMPRISES: LIFT WELL(S)

SIZE x NUMBER OF FLOORS
1000 SERVED + AREA OF MOTOR ROOMS
SIX TO TEN FLOORS
750
500
250
THREE TO SIX FLOORS
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
E
GROSS FLOOR AREA (EXCLUDING ENGINEERING), 1000 SQ. M.
IV
AREA OF LIFT WELLS AND MOTOR ROOMS SQ. M.
500
AREA COMPRISES: LIFT WELL(S)

SIZE x NUMBER OF FLOORS
400 SERVED + AREA OF MOTOR ROOM(S)
SIX TO TEN FLOORS

H
300
C
200
100
THREE TO SIX FLOORS
AR
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20
1000
AREA OF VERTICAL DUCTS SQ. M.
800
600
400
200
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

From top:
Figure 7: Water storage room/gross floor area
Figure 8: Switchroom/gross floor area
500
AREA OF WATER STORAGE ROOMS, SQ. M.
400
300
200
100
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
E
500
IV
AREA OF SWITCHROOMS, SQ. M.
400
H
300
C
200
100
AR
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Figure 9: Main engineering distribution within hospital
Detached plant area at

ground level in close
proximity to energy centre
Mains Distribution to Development.
housing the high voltage
electrical intake standby
generator transformers,
medical gas stores and
flammable liquids store.
Internal Duct
Internal Duct
serving Specialist An energy centre may be integrated with the hospital
serving Specialist
Dept. e.g. and located close to the primary energy consumers to
Dept. i.e. Pathology
Pathology ensure short distribution routes for mains.
Operating Theatre.
Operating Theatre Energy Dept.
E
Horizontal Distribution at High or Low
IV level to Departments.
H
C
Figure 10 Figure 9: Main Engineering Distribution within Hospital

AR
Roof Level Plant room.

Horizontal service
distribution zones
Ceiling Void Ceiling Void
Department Department
Hospital Street
First floor
Horizontal Service
Ceiling Void Distribution Ceiling Void
into Dept.
Vertical Service
Distribution Hospital Street
Ducts.
Ground floor
Floor or Basement
Main Engineering Distribution Principles Duct for Horizontal
Hospital Street - Department Interface. Distribution.

Figure 11: Composite of duct and service spares
E
IV
H
C
AR
Figure 12: Typical cross-section
Figure 14: Typical cross-section

of walkway
Figure 13: Typical cross-section of crawlway

Figure 15: Clearance areas around pipes and valves
E
Figure 16: Typical cross-sections
IV
H
C
AR
Figure 17: Typical cross-section of ventilation duct areas

Figure 18: Clearance dimension around duct
500
SIDE CLEARANCE D
400
CLEARANCE SPACE (mm)
300
TOP AND BOTTOM CLEARANCE C
200
100
E
0 5 10 15 20IV 25 30 35 40 45 50
WIDTH (OR DIAMETER) A OR DEPTH B OF DUCT (mm)
H
C
AR

Figure 19: Typical cross-section showing spacing of services
E
Figure 20: Typical cross-sections of vertical ducts.
IV
H
C
AR

Figure 21: Typical cross-section of ha-ha
10 mm clearance to
Insulation
Roller
Drain Channel
Cement Plinth
Roller Guide
E
IV
H
C
Drain Channel
AR
Walkway

Figure 22: Typical cross-section of ha-ha
E
IV
H
C
AR

Figure 23: Typical cross section of service trench - internal
Figure 25: Typical cross-section showing

chases in brickwork or concrete
E
IV
H
C
AR
Figure 24: Typical cross-section of service trench – external.

Figure 26: Anthropometric data – body dimensions
KNEEL
PRONE
CRAWL
E
IV
H
C
SQUAT
AR
MAINTENANCE REACH LEVELS
GENERAL
Passageway
STOOP

Figure 27: Anthropometric data – climbing dimensions
E
IV
H
C
AR

Figure 28: Typical plantroom 1 serving a combination of 24 hr and 9-5

accommodation departments. End location
SMOKE
EXTRACT FAN
CONTROL
2.6 m
PANELS
AIR HANDLING UNIT
(AHU)
SECTION
E
FRESH AIR
CLEAN EXTRACT
INLET
LOUVRES
(AIR HANDLING UNIT)
IV ( C / EXT )
AHU FOR 9-5 PLANT
ACCOMMODATION
H
1.5 m ³/S MECHANICAL SERVICES
CONTROL PANEL
DIRTY EXTRACT
C
SHAFT SHAFT
(D / EXT)
11.6m
PLANT
AR
TWIN SMOKE
EXTRACTS
AHU FOR 24 HR ELECTRICAL DISTRIBUTION

ACCOMMODATION PANEL
HEATING & CH WATER MAINS
1.5 m ³/S SERVING AHU BATTERIES
SHAFT SHAFT
FIRE MAIN CONN.
15.6m


accommodation departments
SPECIAL EXTRACT
PLANT /FANS
CONTROL
PANELS
SMOKE
3.3m
EXTRACT
FAN
AHU AHU
SECTION
FRESH
E
AIR
INLET SPECIAL EXTRACT
LOUVRES PLANT FANS AT HIGH LEVEL
A H U FOR 24hr
IV
ACCOMMODATION 0.6m ³/ S A H U FOR DAY
ACCOMMODATION
5.0m ³/ S
H
D / EXT C / EXT
PLANT PLANT
(TWIN)
11.6m
MECH
C
SHAFT SHAFT
SMOKE ELEC
AR
EXTRACTS
HEATING & CH WATER
MAINS SERVING
A H U BATTERIES
SMOKE EXTRACTS
FIRE SHAFT SHAFT

MAIN
CONN
15.6m


CONTROL SMOKE
PANELS EXTRACT
FAN
3.3m
AHU
AHU
SECTION
E
IV
D / EXT
C / EXT
H
PLANT
FRESH AIR PLANT
(TWIN)
INLET LOUVRES
A H U FOR 9-5
ACCOMODATION
3.5m ³/s
C
0.6 m ³/s
SMOKE EXTRACTS
A H U FOR 24HR
ACCOMODATION
AR
11.6m
MECH.
SHAFT SHAFT
ELEC. HEATING AND C H WATER

MAINS SERVING A H U
FIRE MAIN SMOKE BATTERIES
CONN. EXTRACTS
SHAFT SHAFT
15.6m

Figure 31: Typical plantroom 4 serving combined 24 hr and 9-5

accommodation
CONTROL PANELS AHU FOR 24HR 9-5
3.7m
ACCOMMODATION
SECTION
HEATING & CH
WATER MAINS
CABLE ROUTE FROM ENERGY
FROM LV SW RM TO CENTRE TO AHU
E
FEED L.H. SIDE OF LV SWITCH ROOM BATTERIES IN
HOSPITAL PLANT ROOM
CABLE ROUTE TO
SERVE R.H SIDE OF
IV HOSPITAL
H
ELEC. MECH.
C
SMOKE EXTRACTS
FIRE
6.1m
AR
MAIN MAINS PIPE WORK AHU AT HIGH

CONN AT HIGH LEVEL LEVEL 1.0m ³/S
SHAFT
SHAFT
SMOKE
EXTRACTS
15.6m


HEATING AND CH SMOKE

WATER EXTRACT
CONTROL PANEL
MAINS SERVING FAN
AHU BATTERIES
3.3m
AHU AHU
SECTION
E
FRESH AIR
INLET LOUVRES
SPECIAL AHU to 9-5

DEPT 0.25m³/s
IV AHU FOR 9-5
ACCOMMODATION
4.0-4.3m³/s
H
SPECIAL EXTRACTS
FROM 9-5 DEPT
AHU FOR 24 hr
ACCOMMODATION 0.6m ³/s SMOKE EXTRACTS
D/EXT
C
PLANT
11.6m
(TWIN)
AT H/L
MECH.
SHAFT SHAFT
AR
HEATING & CH
ELEC. WATER MAINS
SERVICING A H U
BATTERIES
SMOKE EXTRACTS
C/EXT
FIRE MAIN CONN. SHAFT PLANT SHAFT
15.6m

Figure 33: Typical plantroom 6 serving 24 hr accommodation

department
SMOKE EXTRACTS
3.3m
AHU CONTROL PANELS
SECTION
E
IV
D/EXT
C/EXT
PLANT
H
FRESH AIR PLANT
(TWIN)
INLET LOUVRES
AHU FOR 24Hr
ACCOMMODATION 5.2m³/s
C
SMOKE EXTRACTS SPECIAL EXTRACTS

AR
11.6m
MECH.
SHAFT SHAFT
HEATING AND CH WATER

MAINS SERVING AHU ELEC.
BATTERIES
SMOKE EXTRACTS
SHAFT SHAFT
FIRE MAIN
CONN.
15.6m

Figure 34: Arrangement ‘A’ of plantroom 7 serving a combination of 24

hr operating theatres (4) and 9-5 accommodation
C/EXTRACT FANS AT HIGH

LEVEL IN PLANT ROOM
D/EXT
PLANT
FRESH AIR
(TWIN)
INLET LOUVRES
AHU FOR 24 HR
ACCOMMODATION 5.5m ³/S C/EXTRACT FROM
OTHER DEPTS
C/EXTRACT
FROM OTHER SMOKE
E
DEPTS EXTRACTS
SHAFT SHAFT
17.1m
MECH.
IV
ELEC.
H
FIRE MAIN SMOKE EXTRACTS ACCESS TO
CONN MEZZANINE FLOOR
AHU FOR OP.TH.,
C
ANCIL. AREAS & 9-5

DEPTS. 2.3m ³/s SHAFT

AR
MAINS SERVING AHU BATTERIES
AHU FOR OP. TH. ABOVE C/EXTRACT FANS AHU FOR OP. TH. ABOVE
AHU FOR OP. TH. BELOW MOUNTED AT AHU FOR OP. TH. BELOW
1.3m ³/s MEZZ LEVEL 1.3m ³/s
C/EXTRACT FROM C/EXTRACT FROM

OP.THEATRES OP.THEATRES
15.6m

Figure 35: Section through arrangement (plantroom 7)
SMOKE
C/EXTRACT EXTRACT
C/EXTRACT
HEATING & CH WATER
MAINS TO AHU BATTERIES
CONTROL
A H U FOR 24 HR PANELS
E
D/EXT
ACCOMMODATION (ELEC & MECH) PLANT
IV
H
C
AR
OP. TH 2 AHU OP. TH 3 AHU
OP. TH 1 AHU OP. TH 4 AHU

Figure 36: Typical plantroom serving a combination of 24 hr operating

theatres (4) and 9-5 accommodation
C/EXTRACT FANS AT HIGH

LEVEL IN PLANT ROOM
D/EXT
PLANT
FRESH AIR
(TWIN)
INLET LOUVRES
AHU FOR 24 HR
ACCOMMODATION 5.5m ³/S C/EXTRACT FROM
OTHER DEPTS
C/EXTRACT
FROM OTHER SMOKE
DEPTS EXTRACTS
SHAFT SHAFT
17.1m
MECH.
E
ELEC.
FIRE MAIN
IV SMOKE EXTRACTS ACCESS TO
CONN MEZZANINE FLOOR
AHU FOR OP.TH.,
ANCIL. AREAS & 9-5
SHAFT
H
DEPTS. 2.3m ³/s

MAINS SERVING AHU BATTERIES
C
AHU FOR OP. TH. ABOVE C/EXTRACT FANS AHU FOR OP. TH. ABOVE
AHU FOR OP. TH. BELOW MOUNTED AT AHU FOR OP. TH. BELOW
1.3m ³/s MEZZ LEVEL 1.3m ³/s
AR
C/EXTRACT FROM C/EXTRACT FROM

OP.THEATRES OP.THEATRES
15.6m

Figure 37: Section through arrangement (plantroom from Figure 36)
AHU FOR 24HR C/EXT

ACCOMMODATION PLANT D/EXT
PLANT
E
IV
H
C
CLEAN EXTRACT CLEAN EXTRACT

FROM 2 OP. TH. FROM 2 OP. TH.
AR
AHU FOR OP. TH.1 AHU FOR OP. TH.2 4.5m

Figure 38: Typical plantroom serving a combination of 24 hr operating

theatres (2) and 9-5 accommodation. End location.
FRESH AIR
INLET LOUVRES
AHU FOR 24hr

ACCOMMODATION
5.2m ³/s
MECH.
SMOKE EXTRACTS
SHAFT
ELEC.
SHAFT
E
17.1m
MAINS SERVING AHU D/EXT
FIRE MAIN
CONN
BATTERIES
IV SMOKE EXTRACTS
PLANT
(TWIN)
H
SHAFT SHAFT
C
C/EXT
PLANT
AHU TO OP TH
1.3m ³/S
AR
AHU TO OP TH
1.3m ³/S
15.6m

Figure 39: Section through plantroom from Figure 38
SMOKE
EXTRACT FAN
HEATING & CH WATER

MAINS TO A H U
BATTERIES
CONTROL
3.3m
PANELS
AHU 5.2m ≥/ σ ³/ s
E
IV
H
C
AR

Figure 40: Typical plantroom. End location
SMOKE EXTRACT
CLEAN EXTRACT FAN
DIRTY EXTRACT
2.6m
AIR HANDLING UNIT
E
SMOKE EXTRACT FAN
IV CONTROL PANEL
SECTION
SHAFTS SMOKE EXTRACTS

CONTROL PANEL
H
CONST. TEMP. HEATING &
CHILLED WATER F & R TO
HEATER AND COOLER
C
BATTERIES DIRTY EXTRACT
WALKWAY
AR
2.6m
AIR HANDLING PLANT
3.0m³/s TO 3.5m³/s
CLEAN EXTRACT
16.3m
PLAN

Figure 41: Typical plantroom serving a combination of 24 hr and 9-5

accommodation
FROM DIRTY EXTRACT FANS

SMOKE EXTRACT FAN
FROM CLEAN
EXTRACT FAN
FRESH AIR INLET
CONTROL
2.6m
PANEL
Access 2 Operating 2 Operating
FRESH AIR
Door Theatres Theatres
SUPPLY PLENUM
A/H Plant A/H Plant
E
SECTION
16.3m
CLEAN EXTRACT
IV
TO CLEAN EXTRACT FANS
H 2 OPERATING THEATRES AIR
HANDLING PLANT
2 OPERATING THEATRES AIR

HANDLING PLANT
CONTROL PANEL
2.3m³/s
C
2.3m³/s
SHAFTS
16.30
AR
DIRTY EXTRACT
SMOKE EXTRACTS
16.3m
WALKWAY WALKWAY
FRESH
AIR
INLET
FRESH AIR INLET PLENUM
NOTE
CONST. TEMP. HEATING AND
CHILLED WATER CONNECTIONS TO
HEATER & COOLER BATTERIES
OMITTED FOR CLARITY
AIR HANDLING PLANT

2.5m³ /S
PLAN

Figure 42: Typical plantroom including hot water boilers and HWS
calorifiers
SMOKE EXTRACT
CLEAN EXTRACT FAN
FROM DIRTY
AIR HANDLING PLANT EXTRACT FANS
2.6m
CALORIFIER
H.W.S. BOILERS BOILERS

PUMPS
PUMPS
SECTION
16.3m
E
NOTE
CONST. TEMP. HEATING AND CHILLED
AIR
IV WATER CONNECTIONS TO HEATER AND
COOLER BATTERIES OMITTED FOR
CLARITY
GRILLE
H
AIR HANDLING PLANT
5.0m³/s
C
SHAFTS
CONTROL PANEL
AR
SMOKE EXTRACTS CLEAN

EXTRACT
WALKWAY WALKWAY
16.3m
DIRTY
H.W.S. EXTRACT
CALORIFIERS
CONSTANT
TEMP COMPENSATED
HEATING TEMP. HEATING
HWS PUMPS PUMPS
PUMPS
BOILERS
2 x 900Kw
PLAN

MECHANICAL ELECTRICAL
SERVICES SERVICES
VENTILATION
DUCT
0.6m
MINIMUM
FINISHED FLOOR LEVEL

LUMINAIRE
ACCESS
PANELS IN
AR
SUSPENDED
CEILING MINIMUM
DISTANCE
C 1.0m
MECHANICAL AND 2.0m

BUILDING SERVICES
MINIMUM
CORRIDOR DISTANCE
H 0.9m 1.1m
MINIMUM
MECHANICAL
ELECTRICAL SERVICES DISTANCE
SERVICES ELECTRICAL
SERVICES
IV
TEMPORARY TEMPORARY
LIGHTING/ LIGHTING/
Figure 43: Typical segregated routes for services
POWER POWER
SOCKETS SOCKETS

E

DRAINAGE DRAINAGE
TYPICAL CEILING VOID CHANNEL SUBWAY OR WALKWAY CHANNEL CRAWLWAY SERVICES
SERVICES IN A CORRIDOR SERVICES TUNNEL TUNNEL OR TRENCH
DUCTS TO BE WATERPROOFED
NOT TO SCALE
not to scale
Page 74 of 92
Figure 44: Sub-station with HV ring main switchboard, two

transformers and low voltage switchboard cubicle type
C OV E R E D C A BLE C OV E R E D C A BLE
T RENCH T RENCH
D U C TS D U C TS
CB
W IT H D R A W AL
S PACE A
T R A NS F O RME R
A W IT H D R A W AL
A S PACE
H V S W IT C H BO AR D
L V S W IT C H B O A R D
D OO R D OO R S
P LA C ED
O P P O S ITE
E ND TO
E SCA PE
D O OR B
B
B
H V S W IT C H T R IP A N D T R A NS F O RME R
C LO S E B AT TE R Y S P A C E F OR
C H A R GE R F U TU R E
F IR E B A R R IE R S IN E X T E N S ION
E
C AB LE T R E N C H
L O U V R ED D OOR
E SCAPE
D O OR
IV
F ig u re 4 4 S u b-st at io n wi th H V ri ng m a in sw it ch b o ard, t w o t ra ns fo rm ers a n d lo w vo lt age switch boa rd cu bicle typ e
H
C
Figure 45: Sub-station with single HV switch, dry transformer and

low voltage switchboard D RY
T DRY
RA NSTRANSFORMER
F O RM E R C UB ICL E
CUBICLE
AR
D UC T S
DOOR
C A B L E T R E NCH
S T E E L S CRE E N
(RE M O V A B LE )
L.V .
D U C T OR W IT H D RA W A L
S W ITCH
T R E N CH S P A CE
B O A RD
HV E S C A P E DO O R
R E A R A C CE S S S W ITC H
D U CT
D O O RS
D UC T S
F IR E S C RE E N F LO O R
T O CE IL ING
P LA N

Low level air
inlet ventilators Exhaust
with adjustable silencer
Exhaust pipe
louvers.
wall clearance
Lagged exhaust
T pipe at high level
Bench
Temperature
controllers
door
Anti-vibration

mountings
Flexible Engine radiator
section
AR
Daily
Roller door
Service
3.6m approx.
Fuel
C Tank
H 7.0m approx.
Battery
415v switchboard and

control panel door
Battery
IV
CP charger
T T T

E

door High and low Electric room
Figure 46: Typical diesel generator installation (100kW)
room temperature heating thermostat

alarm thermostat
NOTE: Typical operating values for engine room temperature alarms:

high temperature 35 °C
low temperature 7 °C
Remote indicator lamps and audible alarm positioned at a permanently
Page 76 of 92
manned station, for example in the boiler house.
Figure 47: Typical layout for two 300 kW diesel generator sets
Adjustable louvred
ventilators at low level
for air inlet
Engine starting doors

battery charger
Space heating
T T controls
Battery cable trench
E
Duct between
engine radiator Daily
and louvred 300kW DIESEL
service
GENERATOR
air outlet
IV fuel tank
1.8m 0.6m
Switchgear
and control
7.5m approx.
equipment
H
2.5m
Acoustic wall
Roller doors and window
C
Battery
Ventilating fan
at high level
AR
door
T Rotor draw out
1.2m
clearance
Engine starting
battery charger
door
T
Bulk fuel oil storage
Roller doors
tank
Oil retaining
wall fitters bench
Fire resisting 240v socket outlet

enclosure
Note: Layout not to scale.

Figure 48: Plantroom areas for HWS storage calorifiers
E
IV
H
C
AR
Figure 49: Plantroom areas for heating calorifiers

Figure 50: Sectional elevation on cistern
Minimum clearance
around cistern
excluding 500mm
800mm min
minfor
foraccess
access 1000mm clearance
allowance for
access to valves
and other
equipment
800mm 800mm
E
600mm
450mm min
min below
sectional cisterns
sectional tanks
IV
H
NOTE: Clearance below sectional cisterns to be in accordance with
C
manufacturers’ requirements which may be greater than 600 mm.

AR

Figure 51: Typical arrangement of combined manifold and gas cylinder

storage rooms
2300 m m
E m e rg e n cy
M a n ifo ld
2700 m m
P re s su re R e g u la to rs
gauges and
C o n tro l U n it.
2 x 4 M a n ifo ld
S p a re c ylin d e rs
o n ra ck a ro u n d
w a ll.
E
IV 2300 m m
H
P re s s u re re g u la to rs
g a u g e s a n d C o n tro l U n it
2700 m m
2 x 6 M a n ifo ld
C
S p a re c ylin d e rs o n W a ll R a ck
a n d c e n tra l d o u b le su p p o rt ra ck .
AR
3960 m m
M a x im u m E x te rn a l
2 x 8 M a n ifo ld D ia m e te r o f
C ylin d e rs 2 0 0 m m
S p a re C y lin d e rs a rra n g e d v e rtica lly

o n ra ck s a n d a t 2 2 5 m m c e n tre s
C ylin d e rs o n
M a n ifo ld s a t
2 5 0 m m c e n tre s
3050 m m

Figure 52: Typical plan of medical air compressor plantroom
F .A .D . 7 .2 b a r L e n g th 'A ' L e n g th 'B ' R o o f H e ig h t

(litre s ) m in im u m (m m ) m in im u m (m m ) m in im u m (m m )
180 3800 3700 2400

1400 4700 4900 3200
3800 5700 5900 3800
D ry e rs a n d F ilte rs
W a ll m o u n te d C o n tro l P a n e l
R e c e iv e r
T w in
c o m p re s s o r
u n it
E
IV
F ig53:
Figure u re Typical
5 2 T y pplan
ic a l pof
la nmedical
o f m e d vacuum
ic a l a ir c oplantroom.
m p re s s o r p la n tro o m
H
C a p a c ity a t m in u s L e n g th 'A ' L e n g th 'B ' R o o f H e ig h t
5 0 0 H g (L itre s /m in ) m in im u m (m m ) m in im u m (m m ) m in im u m (m m )
C
180 4200 3900 2600

1400 4300 4100 2600
3800 5800 4700 2600
AR
5000 6100 7900 2600
W a ll m o u n te d
C o n tro l P a n e l
T ra p s
&
F ilte rs
V acuum
V acuum
Pum p
Pum p
n o .1
n o .2
R e c e iv e r

Figure 54: Safety distances: distances between oxygen storage and

typical exposure for storage tanks up to 20 tonnes net liquid capacity
(in metres)
E
IV
H
C
AR

Figure 55: Distance between oxygen storage and typical exposure for
storage tanks of 20 tonnes to 200 tonnes net liquid capacity (in metres)
E
IV
H
C
AR

Figure 56: Typical layouts not to scale
Air outlet
Piped services at
A
high level
A B C
C
Fascia
Emergency Power
Isolation
SINGLE STERILIZER
E
IV
A
A
A A A A
H
C
C
B B B
AR
Emergency Power
Isolation Access for
STERILIZER GROUP maintenance
and testing
1.Sliding doors are illustrated.

2.Lighting fittings should be installed between and not over sterilizers.
3.Refer to Table 8.5 for dimensions.
4.For temperature sensor access a 50mm aperture with a swing single
fixing cover should be fitted on the fascia at a low level and between
each sterilizer.
5.An electrical isolator for each sterilizer should be located in the
plantroom.
6.In the working area the distance between the fascia and the opposite
wall should be 3m or twice the length of the loading carriage.
7.Ventilation air to the plant room may be taken in at a low level from
the working area or from an independent source.

Figure 57: Standard arrangement – engineering shafts level plan
E
IV
H
C
AR

Figure 58: Standard arrangement – engineering shafts section at street

interface
E
IV
H
C
AR

Figure 59: Typical sectional elevation through a multi-storey department

showing suggested minimum service zones
Finished Floor Level

Floor slab
Beam Depth use for Drainage
Zone 250mm
1200mm Main Service Zone 350mm
Crossover zone 200mm
Electrical 100mm
Ceiling grid 100mm
2700mm typical floor to ceiling

height
Activity Space
E
IV
H
C
AR

400 x 650 x 400 x
850 350 2600 x 350 2750 x 350 PIPE MAINS ZONE 200 900 400 900 200 350 900 300 PLANT ROOM FLOOR 350 850
PERIMETER VENTILATION ZONE FOR FIRST 2.05M FROM HOSPITAL STREET MEDICAL VENTILATION ZONE PERIMETER
PIPE GASES HEATING
MAINS ZONE MAINS
ZONE ZONE
STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURAL
STRUCTURAL
ELECTRICAL
MAINS ZONE
ZONE OPTION 'B'

ZONE OPTION 'A'
ZONE OPTION 'B'
1200 AT INTERFACE
EXIT FROM SHAFT
interface
PLANT ROOM FLOOR
175
250
350
1150

200
75
100
600 1200 1200 1200

CENTRES OF
CEILING SUPPORT
GRID
AR
2700
100 400
850 850
2700
ZONING PRINCIPLES
STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING ZONE
ZONE (BELOW F/CEILING)
C
7900 7900
OXYGEN CORE ZONE SUPPLY AIR
CORE ZONE SUPPLY AIR COMP. TEMP.
SANITATION COMP. TEMP. L.P.H.W. FLOW L.P.H.W. FLOW
MEDICAL VACUUM
VENT
COMP. TEMP. L.P.H.W.
RETURN
H.W.S. FLOW
H.W.S. RETURN
H
SMALL POWDER &
LIGHTING CABLE
TRUNKING, FIRE ALARM OPTIONAL MEDICAL GAS
DIRTY
EXTRACT
SUPPLY AIR
CLEAN
EXTRACT
COMP. TEMP.
L.P.H.W. RETURN
DIRTY SERVICES
CLEAN CONDUIT &
EXTRACT FIRE MAIN
EXTRACT COMMUNICATIONS CABLE SUPPLY AIR SANITATION
SUPPLY SUPPLY TRUNKING LOCATED MAIN CABLE
C.W.S. OPTIONAL TRAY VENT
AIR AIR ABOVE CORRIDOR
POSITION FOR
ALTERNATIVE
SERVICES
PROVISION
IV
PLANT ROOM FLOOR

E

950 200
PRIMARY CEILING
200 950
SUPPORT MEMBERS
1300 550 325 500 600 400 400 600 500 275 600
1400 100 1300
4000 150 300 150 150

150
VENT PIPE FROM
VENT PIPE FROM CLEANERS SINK
STAFF W.C.'S
Figure 60: Standard arrangement – flat slab section at department
TYPICAL SERVICES PROVISION

Page 88 of 92
References
NOTE:
Where there is a requirement to address a listed reference, care should be taken to ensure
that all amendments following the date of issue are included.
Publication Title Publisher Date Notes

ID
Acts and Regulations
The Building (Scotland) Act HMSO 1959
Clean Air Act HMSO 1993
Electricity Act HMSO 1989
Health and Safety at Work etc Act HMSO 1974
Registered Establishments (Scotland) HMSO 1998
E
Act
The Water (Scotland) Act HMSO 1980
SI 2179 &
187
IV
The Building Standards (Scotland)
Regulations (as amended)
HMSO 1990
The Building Standards (Scotland) HMSO 1998

Regulations: Technical Standards
H
Guidance
SI 1460 Chemicals (Hazard Information and HMSO 1997
C
Packaging for Supply) Regulations

(CHIP2)
SI 3140 Construction (Design and Management) HMSO 1994
AR
Regulations
SI 437 Control of Substances Hazardous to HMSO 1999
Health Regulations (COSHH)
SI 635 Electricity at Work Regulations HMSO 1989
SI 1057 Electricity Supply Regulations (as HMSO 1988
amended) (amd
1994)
SI 2372 Electromagnetic Compatibility HMSO 1992
Regulations (as amended)
SI 2451 Gas Safety (Installation and Use) HMSO 1998
Regulations
SI 917 Health & Safety (First Aid) Regulations HMSO 1981
SI 682 Health & Safety (Information for HMSO 1989
Employees) Regulations
SI 2115 Control of Asbestos at Work Regulations HMSO 1987
(as amended)
SI 1713 Confined Space Regulations HMSO 1997


ID
SI 2792 Health and Safety (Display Screen HMSO 1992
Equipment) Regulations
SI 341 Health and Safety (Safety Signs and HMSO 1996
Signals) Regulations
SI 1380 Health and Safety (Training for HMSO 1990
Employment) Regulations
Highly Flammable Liquids and Liquefied HMSO 1972
Petroleum Gases Regulations
SI 2307 Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment HMSO 1998
Regulations (LOLER)
SI 3242 Management of Health and Safety at HMSO 1999
Work Regulations
SI 2793 Manual Handling Operations HMSO 1992
Regulations
E
SI 1790 Noise at Work Regulations HMSO 1989
SI 3139 Personal Protective Equipment (EC
IV HMSO 1992
Directive) Regulations (as amended)
SI 2966 Personal Protective Equipment at Work HMSO 1992
(PPE) Regulations
SI 2306 Provision and Use of Work Equipment HMSO 1998
H
Regulations (PUWER)
SI 3163 Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and HMSO 1995
Dangerous Occurrences Regulations
C
(RIDDOR)
SI 3004 Workplace (Health, Safety and Welfare) HMSO 1992
Regulations
AR
British Standards
BS 349 Specification for identification of the BSI 1973
contents of industrial gas containers Standards
(AMD 6132, 5189)
BS 1319 Specification for medical gas BSI 1976
cylinders, valves and yoke Standards
connections (AMD 3029, 6179, 4603,
6184)
BS 5378 Safety signs and colours BSI
Standards
BS 5499 Fire safety signs and graphic BSI
symbols Standards
BS 5266 Code of practice for emergency BSI 1988
lightning Standards
BS 8313 Code of practice for accommodations BSI 1997
of building services in duct Standards


ID
Scottish Health Technical Guidance
SHTM 2007 Electrical services supply and P&EFEx 2001 CD-ROM
distribution
SHTM 2010 Sterilization P&EFEx 2001 CD-ROM
SHTM 2011 Emergency electrical services P&EFEx 2001 CD-ROM
SHTM 2014 Abatement of electrical interference P&EFEx 2001 CD-ROM
SHTM 2020 Electrical safety code for low voltage P&EFEx 2001 CD-ROM
systems (Escode – LV)
SHTM 2021 Electrical safety code for high voltage P&EFEx 2001 CD-ROM
systems (Escode – HV)
SHTM 2022 Medical gas pipeline systems P&EFEx 2001 CD-ROM
SHTM 2024 Lifts P&EFEx 2001 CD-ROM
SHTM 2025 Ventilation in healthcare premises P&EFEx 2001 CD-ROM
E
SHTM 2027 Hot and cold water supply, storage and P&EFEx 2001 CD-ROM
main services
SHTM 2045 Acoustics
IV P&EFEx 2001 CD-ROM
SHPN 1 Health service building in Scotland HMSO 1991
SHPN 2 Hospital briefing and operational policy HMSO 1993
H
SHTN 1 Post commissioning documentation for HMSO 1993
health buildings in Scotland
C
SHTN 4 General Purposes Estates and EEF 1997

Functions Model Safety Permit-to-Work
Systems
AR
NHS in Scotland – PROCODE P&EFEx 2001 Version

1.1
NHS in Scotland Firecode

SHTM 81 Fire precautions in new hospitals P&EFEx 1999 CD-ROM
SHTM 82 Alarm and detection systems P&EFEx 1999 CD-ROM
SHTM 83 Fire safety in healthcare premises: P&EFEx 1999 CD-ROM
general fire precautions
SHTM 84 Fire safety in NHS residential care P&EFEx 1999 CD-ROM
properties
SHTM 85 Fire precautions in existing hospitals P&EFEx 1999 CD-ROM
SHTM 86 Fire risk assessment in hospitals P&EFEx 1999 CD-ROM
SHTM 87 Textiles and furniture P&EFEx 1999 CD-ROM
SFPN 3 Escape bed lifts P&EFEx 1999 CD-ROM
SFPN 4 Hospital main kitchens P&EFEx 1999 CD-ROM


ID
SFPN 5 Commercial enterprises on hospital P&EFEx 1999 CD-ROM
premises
SFPN 6 Arson prevention and control in NHS P&EFEx 1999 CD-ROM
healthcare premises
SFPN 7 Fire precautions in patient hotels P&EFEx 1999 CD-ROM
SFPN 10 Laboratories on hospital premises P&EFEx 1999 CD-ROM
UK Health Technical Guidance
EH 40 HSE Occupational Exposure limits HSE Annual
MES Model Engineering Specifications NHS Estates 1997 As
required
Approved The Control of Asbestos at Work HMSO 1987
code of Regulations
practice
E
Approved Work with Asbestos Insulation, Asbestos HMSO 1988
code of Coating and Asbestos Insulating Board
practice
HSE Publications
IV
CS 4 Keeping of LPG in cylinders and similar HMSO 1986
containers
H
CS 5 Part 1: Entry into confined spaces HMSO 1977
Part 2: Cleaning and gas freeing of tanks
containing flammable residues
C
Miscellaneous References
Space allowances for building services Building 1992
distribution systems: detail design stage Services
AR
(TN 10/92) Research

and
Information
Association
(BSRIA)
The safe storage of gaseous hydrogen British 1986
in seamless cylinders and similar Compressed
containers (CP 8) Gases
Association


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Scottish Health Technical IV

Access and accommodation for

NHSScotland, P&EFEx, June 2001

2. General considerations page 7

3. Preliminary plan areas for engineering plantrooms page 10

5.10 Frequent access

6. Site primary service distribution space requirements page 15

Version 2.0: June 2001 Page 3 of 92

7.74 Liquid Oxygen storage

8. The zoning and routing of primary services in the hospital

9. Service distribution within departments page 36

9.31 Pipe branches

9.32 Compensated temperature circuit

Version 2.0: June 2001 Page 4 of 92

10. Definitions page 44

Version 2.0: June 2001 Page 5 of 92

1.2 Maintenance of building services can only be carried out satisfactorily if

plant may not be available.

1.5 Variations in the structural system, department layout and engineering

Version 2.0: June 2001 Page 6 of 92

2.4 At the earliest stages of planning, designs should be based on an overall

Version 2.0: June 2001 Page 7 of 92

2.8 The development of detailed engineering drawings will produce accurate

h. adequate lighting and heating;

Working in confined spaces

Version 2.0: June 2001 Page 8 of 92

a possibility of a build-up of gas or vapour, or where there is likely to be a

2.13 Where no “permit-to-work” system is in operation, it is important to ensure the

a. assessment of the task to be undertaken;

2.15 Guidance on fire precautions is contained in NHS in Scotland Fire Safety

sub-compartment walls, cavity barriers and other physical fire precautions

Version 2.0: June 2001 Page 9 of 92

3. Preliminary plan areas for engineering platforms

a. the number and complexity of services;

c. the basic design of services, for example central or decentralised

Calorifier room plan area (Figure 2)

Version 2.0: June 2001 Page 10 of 92

Ventilation plantroom plan area (Figure 3)

Lift wells and motor rooms plan area (Figures 4 and 5)

Water storage plan area (Figure 7)

Switchroom plan area (Figure 8)

Version 2.0: June 2001 Page 11 of 92

4. Engineering distribution principles

a. each block may be serviced from the hospital street/corridor unless

f. access to plantrooms will be achieved via general access stairways and a

Version 2.0: June 2001 Page 12 of 92

5. Common distribution requirements

users, although consideration may be given to siting at roof level.

5.5 Consideration should be given to the degree of flexibility that is necessary to

5.6 In multi-storey buildings, a smaller number of large vertical ducts with

5.8 Convenient access should be provided to all service spaces.

Version 2.0: June 2001 Page 13 of 92

5.12 Access should be arranged, as far as possible, to enable work to be carried

5.14 The destruction of finishes to open up a trench or vertical duct or to increase

Version 2.0: June 2001 Page 14 of 92

6. Site primary service distribution space

a. adequate space to operate valve controls;

b. unobstructed access to rodding eyes, etc;

d. sufficient space to enable repairs and replacements to be carried out;

Ducts showing accommodation space for services, access

Version 2.0: June 2001 Page 15 of 92

6.9 Consideration should be given to leaving a space or part of a space free to