Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
CONTRIBUTION OF TOURISM
TOWARDS AN ECONOMY
ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT: Tourism is one of the sectors
which plays an important role in development and also generates
foreign revenues. This sector is peaceful and reflects the nature
and beauty of the country.
For many countries tourism is seen as a main instrument for
regional development, as it stimulates new economic activities.
Tourism may have a positive economic impact on the balance of
payments, on employment, on gross income and production
Tourism's contribution to economic growth is highest in Africa,
Asia and Latin America and the Caribbean. It is slightly negative
in Europe, North America and Oceania.
CULTURAL GROWTH: It establishes and reinforces identity, it
helps build image, it helps preserve the cultural and historical
heritage, with culture as an instrument it facilitates harmony and
understanding among people.
As cultural tourism is employment demanding, there is an
increase in employment in the area, as guests participate and
appreciate local culture. This helps keep people in the region,
which is a positive catalyst for regional development.
PROVIDES EMPLOYMENT & INCREASES REVENUE EARNING
Tourism is an important factor in combating unemployment. It
represents a high percentage use of labour force per invested
capital where labour is plentiful and unemployed and provides a
solution.
Tourism is a labour intensive industry. The provision of tourists’
services generates employment opportunities. It increases the
employment level by creating new employment in the sector and
by stimulating the creation of others, such as construction,
transport etc.
INTEGRITY: Tourism is an important factor in bringing about
integrity and unity in India. A special branch of tourism called
Community tourism .Community tourism is prevalent in almost
all countries of Asia .Many community tourism projects have
brought people together and strengthened the community.
ENTERTAINMENT: Festivals, events, International concerts,
Amusement parks or any International Sport leagues such as the
Olympics, FIFA, ICC World Cricket league, etc. attract tourist
.These fall under the Entertainment Industry of a country. This
industry gathers the largest number of tourists within a short
period of time. A huge amount of income is done by this industry.
DOMESTIC
A total of 1.61 billion domestic tourism trips were registered by
India’s Ministry of Tourism in 2016, compared to 1.43bn in 2015,
marking year-on-year growth of 12.7%.
The most popular states in terms of number of domestic tourist
visits during 2016 were Tamil Nadu (343.8 million), Uttar
Pradesh (211.7m), Andhra Pradesh (153.2m), Madhya Pradesh
(150.5m) and Karnataka (129.8m). Maharashtra (116.5m),
Telangana (95.2m), West Bengal (74.5m), Gujarat (42.3m) and
Rajasthan (41.5m) completed the top 10.These 10 states
accounted for more than 84% of the total number of domestic
tourist visits within India in 2016.
Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh and Andhra Pradesh have maintained
the top three rankings from 2015, while Madhya Pradesh
overtook Karnataka into fourth place, with year-on-year growth of
93%.Punjab (+50%) and the Andaman & Nicobar Islands (+30%)
also experienced strong growth rates in 2016.
INTERNATIONAL
In India, international tourist arrivals grew from 14.57 million in
2016 to 15.54 million in 2017. International tourism receipts for
India grew from $22.42 billion in 2016 to $27.36 billion in 2017.
It said that international tourist arrivals grew 6.8% in 2017, the
highest increase since the 2009 global economic crisis and well
above UNWTO's long-term forecast of 3.8% per year for the period
2010 to 2020. Results were driven by sustained travel demand
for destinations across all world regions, including a firm
recovery of those suffering from security challenges in recent
years.
Wildlife tourism
India has a rich forest cover which has some beautiful and exotic
species of wildlife – some of which that are even endangered and
very rare. This has boosted wildlife tourism in India. The places
where a foreign tourist can go for wildlife tourism in India are the
Sariska Wildlife Sanctuary, Keoladeo Ghana National Park, and
Corbett National Park.
Medical tourism
Tourists from all over the world have been thronging India to
avail themselves of cost-effective but superior quality healthcare.
There are several medical institutes in the country that cater to
foreign patients and impart top-quality healthcare at a fraction of
what it would have cost in developed nations such as USA and
UK.
Pilgrimage tourism
India is famous for its temples and that is the reason that among
the different kinds of tourism in India, pilgrimage tourism is
increasing most rapidly. The various places for tourists to visit in
India for pilgrimage are Vaishno Devi, Golden temple, Char
Dham, and Mathura Vrindavan.
Eco tourism
Ecotourism entails the sustainable preservation of a naturally
endowed area or region. This is becoming more and more
significant for the ecological development of all regions that have
tourist value. For ecotourism in India, tourists can go to places
such as Kaziranga National Park, Gir National Park, and Kanha
National Park.
MICE tourism
MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences and Exhibitions)
tourism is also one of the fastest growing in the global tourism
industry. It largely caters to business travellers, mostly corporate.
Cultural tourism
India is known for its rich cultural heritage and an element of
mysticism, which is why tourists come to India to experience it
for themselves. The various fairs and festivals that tourists can
visit in India are the Pushkar fair, Taj Mahotsav, and Suraj Kund
mela.
PROBLEMS
India’s share in the tourist arrival has been growing at a snail’s
pace from 0.23 per cent in 1975 to 0.28 per cent in 1980 and
0.42 per cent in 2004. This small percentage comes under sharp
focus when we see that in 2004, India received only 2.9 million
foreign tourists.
In India, tourism provides 5.6 per cent of the total jobs, China
that just pulled its iron curtain, is doing better with 7 per cent.
Tom apart by civil war Sri Lanka still has 7.4 per cent of its jobs
coming from the tourism sector.
Still there are large areas which are untapped from the tourist
point of view. Traditionally a popular destination, North India still
draws about 49 per cent of the tourists; whereas only 4 per cent
go to east.
Foreign tourists often fail to get suitable accommodation in hotels
and go back as a dissatisfied lot. At the beginning of the
millennium, India’s shortage was estimated at 30,000 rooms.
Today we need at least 90,000 more rooms (in five star segments)
which require a huge investment of Rs. 80,000 crore, just to fall
in line with the internationally-benchmarked tourism models.
Another problem of recent origin is that Indian tourists have
started travelling abroad rather than travelling within the
country. In 2004, as many as 6.2 million Indian tourists went
abroad in contrast to only 2.9 million foreign tourists visiting
India. With each outgoing Indian tourist spending an average of $
3 000 an estimated amount of Rs. 72,600 crore went out of the
country.
PROSPECT
With a view to improve tourism and at the same time taking care
of the environment, the central and state governments are
coming forward with new development plans. Although tourism is
the responsibility of the state governments, the Central
Government lends all help to develop tourism.
The central Department of Tourism is extending financial
assistance for improving tourism infrastructural facilities like
yatri niwas, tourist lodges, wayside facilities, restaurants,
cafeterias, tourist bungalows, etc. It also extends financial
assistance for adventure sports activities, tourist transport,
tented accommodation, etc.
Travel Trade and Tourist Service Division of the Department of
Tourism is helping the travel trade, both national and
international. Department of Tourism has simplified and
streamlined the rules from April 1992, regarding the grant of
approval to travel agents, tour operators and tourist transport
operators so that their services are standardised and are made
broad-based, both for domestic and foreign tourists.
Indian railways have also recognised its role in tourism
development. The launching of Rajdhani and Shatabdi trains is a
step in the right direction. ‘Palace on Wheels’ is already
operational in Rajasthan. Another special tourist train ‘Orient
Express’ has been introduced in Gujarat and one more covering
temple towns of Tamil Nadu will become operational soon.
PROGRAMS OF INDIAN
GOVERNMENT REGARDING
TOURISM
1) PRASAD scheme: Pilgrimage Rejuvenation and Spiritual
Augmentation Drive (PRASAD) scheme was launched by
the Ministry for the development and beautification of
pilgrimage sites to tap the growth of domestic tourists
driven by spiritual or religious sentiments.
ECO TOURISM
Ecotourism is a form of Tourism involving visiting fragile,
pristine, and relatively undisturbed natural areas, intended as a
low-impact and often small scale alternative to standard
commercial mass tourism. It means responsible travel to natural
areas, conserving the environment, and improving the well-being
of the local people. Its purpose may be to educate the traveller, to
provide funds for ecological conservation, to directly benefit the
economic development and political empowerment of local
communities, or to foster respect for different cultures and for
human rights.
Generally, ecotourism deals with interaction with biotic
components of the natural environments.[4] Ecotourism focuses
on socially responsible travel, personal growth, and
environmental sustainability. Ecotourism typically involves travel
to destinations where flora, fauna, and cultural heritage are the
primary attractions.
Ecotourism is tourism which is conducted responsibly to
conserve the environment and sustain the well-being of local
people. It...
Builds environmental awareness
Provides direct financial benefits for conservation
Provides financial benefits and empowerment for local
people
Respects local culture
Supports human rights and democratic movements such
as:
o conservation of biological diversity and cultural
diversity through ecosystem protection
o promotion of sustainable use of biodiversity, by
providing jobs to local populations
o sharing of all socio-economic benefits with local
communities and indigenous peoples by having
their informed consent and participation in the
management of ecotourism enterprises
o Tourism to unspoiled natural resources, with minimal
impact on the environment being a primary concern.
o minimization of tourism's own environmental impact
o affordability and lack of waste in the form of luxury
o local culture, flora, and fauna being the main
attractions
o Local people, who benefit from this form of tourism
economically, and often more than mass tourism.
CONCLUSION
Tourism commodifies cultures and their associated Businesses
and goods. Tourism can also overshadow or in the opposite
direction drastically change the indigenous cultures of a place. It
effects the environment in many harmful ways, including the
habitats of many endangered animals.
Tourism is not all bad. The education that can come about when
travelling and interacting can be greater than that gained from
any textbook. Travelling does have its' downfalls which need to
be made known so a solution can be found.
Tourists need to make sure they do everything in their power to
prevent these negative effects of tourism. They should get
vaccines, stay in designated areas, and respect and preserve the
culture put before them. With these simple measure travellers of
all ages can help reduce the footprints left behind by tourism.