Documente Academic
Documente Profesional
Documente Cultură
where:
Vu = maximum shear based on the controlling
combination of factored loads
ϕv = resistance factor for shear
For ASD
where:
Va = maximum shear based on the controlling
combination of service loads
Ωv = safety factor for shear
For all doubly and single symmetric shapes except
round HSS, ϕv = 0.90, Ωv = 1.67
NOMINAL SHEAR STRENGTH, Vn
The Nominal Shear Strength, Vn of unstiffened or
stiffened webs, according to the limit state of shear
yielding and shear buckling, is
If the plate does not cover the full area of the support
where:
f’c = 28-day compressive strength of concrete
A1 = bearing area
A2 = full area of the support
If A2 is not concentric with A1, then A2 should be taken
as the largest area that is geometrically similar to A1
55.31
9.22 in
BIAXIAL BENDING
Biaxial bending occurs when a beam is subjected to a
loading condition that produces bending about both
the major (strong) axis and the minor (weak) axis
Such a case shown where a concentrated load acts
normal to the longitudinal axis of the beam but is
inclined with respect to each of the principal axes of
the cross-section.
For the beam shown, the load passes through the
shear center
The shear center in that point through which the loads
must act if there is to be no twisting or torsion of the
beam
The shear center is always located on an axis of
symmetry; thus the shear center will be at the
centroid of a cross section with two axes of symmetry
Case 1: Loads Applied Through the Shear Center
If the loads act through the shear center, the problem
is one of simple bending in two perpendicular
directions
The load can be resolved into rectangular
components in the x-and y-directions, each producing
bending about a different axis
The Specification deals with the combined loading
primarily through the used of interaction formula
If there is bending about both the x and y axes, the
interaction equation requires that the sum of the
ratios for the two effects be less than 1
Required x-axis moment strength Required y-axis moment strength ≤ 1.0
+
Available x-axis moment strength Available y-axis moment strength
For LRFD:
For ASD:
Weak Axis Moment Strength
Compact Shape