Digging into Artificial Intelligence

Figure 1. AI

(Team, 2019)

 
By:  
- Ruben Van Renterghem 
- Oliver Vileyn 
- Maarten Van Goethem 
- Ismail El Ouassif 
 
Course: 
- E-Skills by Eric Pollet 
 
University College: 
- Artevelde University College 
 

1
Table of Contents 
 
What is AI? 3

Do AI and data protection go together? 5

How will AI change the job market? 6

Conclusion 7

Bibliography 8
 

2
What is AI?
AI an abbreviation for Artificial
Intelligence also called machine
intelligence. The term Artificial
Intelligence describes devices that
imitate cognitive functions that
humans associate with other human
intellects, such as learning and
problem solving. (Artificial intelligence,
2019) Machines learn to try to copy
the reasoning of humans, trying to
render logical understand languages
and learn from mistakes. Complex
algorithms replicate the reasoning of
humans to be able to “think” themselves.

We can split AI into two sorts, strong and weak Artificial Intelligence. When we are
talking about strong AI, we are talking about software which can reason and solve
problems. We have the human-like strong AI which is software which reasons like a
real human. Then there is the not-human-like AI, AI which creates an own
computer-intelligence.
Weak-AI is used in search engines to create a search algorithm and expert systems.
This weaker sort of AI is specified on one task which can seem to be intelligent whilst
not being intelligent. (Kunstmatige intelligentie, 2019)

These days it is used in many things whilst it is still in the development. Companies
experiment with AI on different things. You have on the one hand production robots
but also Tesla and other automotive companies who are developing self-driving cars.
The gaming industry is using AI as well. when playing a video game like FIFA 2019,
a soccer game, and you play against the computer instead of to an online opponent,
the rival is being controlled by an AI engine. (Kunstmatige intelligentie, 2019)

In this report we are going to answer three questions about AI which we selected for
the course of E-Skills. We had an online skype meeting on which we came up with
the following interesting questions:

1.​ ​Has AI surpassed human intelligence?

2.​ ​Do AI and data protection go together?
3.​ ​How will AI change the job market?

3
Has AI surpassed human intelligence?
There is no clear answer on this question. But if we would have to give an answer, it would
be: it depends. In some cases AI certainly outperformed Human Intelligence. As explained
above, AI is based on several algorithms. This means that easy tasks, with an easy
algorithm, will be way more efficient when using AI instead of Human craft. And eventually, it
is very likely that AI will surpass us in everything we teached it. As a computer or such is
better in processing data and faster in processing this data as well, the things the machine is
designed to do. (Hall, 2018)

Some main advantages that AI already has over human intelligence are:
Speed of execution. It takes a doctor 10 minutes to make one accurate diagnose. A
computer can make one million accurate diagnoses in that same amount of time. AI also has
the advantage of being Less biased. Out of itself, a computer will never have a biased
opinion about persons, races,.... Something that can be a huge flaw for a person. And
thirdly, in terms of Accuracy: a machine is more accurate and consistent in performing a
simple action. (educba, /)

Something that will be something a bigger challenge to teach to AI is how to give it

human-like traits, such as compassion, emotions, honesty, ethics, … And so far, the
technology of AI is not that advanced yet. At least not as advanced as it could be. so far
Artificial Intelligence is only designed for handling a few tasks, while Human Intelligence can
do much more, they manage to learn hundreds of different skills during its lifecycle. Humans
are also more capable in working on multiple responsibilities as a machine needs a
considerably high time to be taught a new responsibility. But at this point, researchers even
have learned how to develop a technology so advanced that it will improve its algorithms
itself and adapt itself to obtain even more data. So the possibility that AI will surpass us at
some point is very likely, almost a certainty. (educba, /)

But this is not necessarily a bad thing. Humans are far from flawless. They are ‘designed’
with natural limitations in many aspects. The human brain for instance is not capable to
capture unlimited amount of data. It is good that there is a system that does, as it makes our
life easier. The chance that there will be one machine that surpasses us in everything, is less
likely to happen. Mainly because there still isn’t an answer on how to insert emotional
thinking and rationality in a machine. Some people state that AI has already surpassed in the
creation of Artificial Intelligence. ​(Sergeenkov, 2019)

Some companies already replaced human intelligence partly with the

AI variant of it, such as google, who uses artificial intelligence to
create machine learning software because the AI technology is more
efficient than the systems developed by humans. Even the military is
testing Artificial Intelligence on the battlefield and have discovered
that the new ALPHA AI system is capable of defeating a professional
expert in an air combat simulation. ​(Sergeenkov, 2019)

4
Do AI and data protection go together?
It is generally known that without data, you cannot have any artificial intelligence. The
question that rises is: Do AI and data protection go together? Due the rise of AI, a lot of data
is being collected. There are 2.5 quintillion bytes of data created each day at our current
pace. If you would put this number in perspective, this means that if you had 2.5 quintillions
in cents, you could cover the world 5 times.

Some people are afraid that data protection will be at risk if AI is collecting their data. The
fear is right because in the near future, AI will have a big impact and share in our society.
This concept is already in the rise in the automotive. Companies as Tesla invest a lot in AI to
be the first and be ahead of their competition. Today you have endless examples of AI in
different companies and sectors. But for the most people, this concept is still new and not
naturalized.

Now the question is: Is our data safe? This question is a very difficult one. It will be up to the
European Union to implement new laws and regulations considering data protection. They
already did a good thing to tighten the law of privacy. Big companies as Facebook will have
to do more to be able to use your data. Without the permission of the person, they won’t be
able to use something. This could also be a solution for the data protection.

We cannot deny that artificial intelligence is on the eve of a big boom. It will be very
important to have clear understanding and communication on what AI is and which data will
be used for which ‘AI-project’. Secondly the European and local organizations will have to
think today on how they will be controlling this new concept.

5
How will AI change the job market?
One of the main fears concerning AI is that AI will take over our jobs and what we wanted to
test if this fear will become truth. AI will certainly replace some jobs it is logical and we
cannot stop it, AI is just more efficient for some things. To state that we will lose a lot of jobs
and people will get unemployed because of AI is a little shallow. AI will also create a lot of
jobs, AI needs maintenance, installment, analysing,... As we can see the amount of
tech-related jobs are increasing and AI will only add to that because obviously AI is a new
technology. The growth of tech jobs isn’t the only thing, new jobs will also be created by AI
just think of: AI specialist, AI digital marketing manager or AI chatbot designer for example.
We can also see a shift in what people are specialising in and AI goes hand in hand with this
graph. AI will just force young people to choose something technology related, it is a
revolution and our workforce will have to shift to this revolution. On the third graph we see
that the US are leaders in AI skills but Belgium is also adapting very quickly. Highly
developed countries and economic forces do very well in this graph. (Perisic, 2019)

So we have established that AI will eliminate some jobs and create some jobs. The fear is
that highly educated people will have no problem finding a job but the middle sector might
experience some problems because a lot of those jobs can be automated by AI. Next to that
AI will also make some jobs easier for example and actually AI already makes our jobs
easier. Just think of word predictors to help you write your emails. AI can increase and
already does increase our efficiency and accuracy. Research showed that Doctors who use
AI to diagnose breast cancer are 99.5% accurate while without AI it only was 96%. This is
just an example of how AI can benefit us. (Neiger, 2019)

Something very important about AI is that it will streamline data analyzation. Currently we
store so much data that it is very difficult to get the useful stuff but with AI this will be fixed. It
will be like buying a bookshelf for all your books that just lay randomly on the ground.
(Morello, 2019)

As a conclusion to this question we think we can state that AI will certainly eliminate jobs and
in the beginning we will feel this. It will be the hardest for the uneducated people and the
middle sector, but a lot of sources say that AI will create more jobs eventually than it will
destroy jobs. AI will also make us more efficient as humans and will reduce car accidents for
example. We believe that every technological revolution has pros and cons just look at the
industrial revolution and there is no use in trying to stop the progress of technology as long
as we use it properly. (Bored articles, 2019)

6
Conclusion
Artificial intelligence is still for most people futuristic but it is growing and taking over. In this
report we answered on three questions about AI. The first questions talks about “Has AI
surpassed human intelligence?”. To answer this question in a proper way we had to do
some research, since we are no experts in the field of AI. Artificial Intelligence is already
developed in some markets, in these markets AI has already surpassed Human Intelligence.
Repetitive or easy tasks are easy to do for AI using simple algorithms. AI surpassing
Humans is not far from now. But AI faces some challenges like human traits, emotions,
ethics,… Companies like Google and the military are developing AI and replacing human
intelligence by it. The military found out when testing the new ALPHA AI system that it can
defeat a specialist, in an air combat simulation.

Is it possible to protect data when using AI, that is a question we asked ourselves? Of
course, AI needs data and collects it to become more intelligent. The fear of data being
mistreated is normal. There is still so much doubt about AI and how it will develop. The
European Union and other nations have to implement laws and regulations concerning data
protection. Privacy protection will become even more important and more difficult.

Our last question we explain how AI will change the job markets. As a lot of people are
concerned that robots (and AI) will take over our jobs, we will discuss if this fear is justified.
AI will take over some jobs, because it is more efficient to use. Jobs will not only disappear
because of AI but AI will also create jobs. Analyzing AI, installing, … makes the technology
job market grow. New jobs will be created. The highly educated people will experience no
problem finding a job this in contrast to the middle sector which will have more problems
finding a job. Repetitive and “easy” jobs will be automated by AI.

AI will increase our efficiency and accuracy. Jobs will get lost but jobs will be created as well.
Artificial Intelligence will in the future surpass human intelligence but this will still take time
and still have to evolve. Sectors like the technology sector will profit from AI whilst others will
experience disadvantages. A lot is still unknown about AI but what we know is that it is
probably going to change the entire world.

7
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