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19/06/2018 PsycNET
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Any Field: ("dangerous games" OR (“non-oxygenation games” OR “choking game”) OR
("challenge games" OR “deodorant challenge” OR “cinnamon challenge”))
Result(s):
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PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, PsycBOOKS
APA PsycNET Records

1. Database: PsycINFO
Document Type: Dissertation
Galiano, G. M. (2017). High Potential Lethality (HPL) behaviors in adolescents: Choking game,
autoerotic asphyxiation, car surfing, and Russian Roulette. Dissertation Abstracts International:
Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, 78(2-B(E)).
Abstract
Adolescent risk-taking behaviors such as drug and alcohol use, driving while intoxicated, and sexual
activities have been researched and discussed for years. Teens have heard about the risks and possible
outcomes that are associated with these behaviors. But what about the risky activities that are discussed
less frequently or maybe not even at all, and have a greater risk of injury or death? These risky activities
have been identified as a subset of risk-taking behaviors and termed high potential lethality (HPL)
behaviors. HPL behaviors are defined as practices an adolescent takes part in for the thrill or rush that is
produced regardless of the direct association with death or serious injury. This paper will review the
current research on HPL behaviors and explain the importance and need for new terminology. The
similarities that exist between risk-taking and HPL behaviors will also be highlighted. The most salient
theories associated with adolescent risk-taking behaviors, neurological and psychosocial theory will be
reviewed to gain a better understanding of why adolescents are more likely to engage in risky behaviors.
Clinicians will be provided with a framework to help identify adolescents who engage in HPL behaviors.
Clinical tools, such as a list of HPL warning signs, will be provided to assist the field in proactively
intervening when a teen is at risk. Author's primary objective is to raise awareness about HPL behaviors
in an attempt to prevent adolescent death or harm. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights
reserved)
Unique Identifier
2017-01062-093
Title
High Potential Lethality (HPL) behaviors in adolescents: Choking game, autoerotic asphyxiation, car surfing, and
Russian Roulette.
Publication Date
2017
http://psycnet-apa-org.ez76.periodicos.capes.gov.br/search/print 1/41
19/06/2018 PsycNET
Language
English
Author
Galiano, Gina Marie
Affiliation
Galiano, Gina Marie Argosy University, Tampa, US
Source
Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering, Vol 78(2-B(E)), 2017, No
Pagination Specified.
ISSN
0419-4217 (Print)
ISBN
978-1369320879
Other Serial Titles

Dissertation Abstracts International
Publisher
US: ProQuest Information & Learning
Dissertation Details
UMI Order Number: AAI10289908
Open URL: http://gateway-proquest.ez76.periodicos.capes.gov.br/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-

2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqm&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:10289908
Advisor(s): Steven O'Brien
Degree: Psy.D., 2015
Institution: Argosy University, Tampa
Format Covered
Electronic
Publication Type
Dissertation Abstract
Document Type
Dissertation
Keywords
High Potential Lethality behavior; adolescent risk taking; neurological theories; psychosocial theories
Index Terms
* Behavior Analysis; * Risk Taking; * Adolescent Characteristics; Neurology; Psychosocial Factors; Theories
PsycINFO Classification
3300 Health & Mental Health Treatment & Prevention; 2100 General Psychology
Population Group
Human
Age Group
Adolescence (13-17 yrs)
Methodology
Literature Review
Release Date
20170706 (PsycINFO)
19/06/2018 PsycNET
Document Type: Journal Article
Ibrahim, A. P., Knipper, S. H., Brausch, A. M., & Thorne, E. K. (2016). Solitary participation in the
“choking game” in Oregon. Pediatrics, 138(6).
Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare characteristics of youth who participate in the
choking game alone versus those who participate in a group. Methods: Lifetime prevalence estimates
were obtained from the 2011 (n = 5682) and 2013 (n = 15 150) Oregon Healthy Teens survey. The 2011
and 2013 data sets were merged (N = 20 832) to compare youth who participate alone versus those who
participate in a group in the choking game. Multivariate modeling was conducted to examine individual
characteristics of young people who engaged in the choking game alone versus those who engaged in
the game in a group. Results: In 2011, 3.8% of eighth-grade participants reported a lifetime prevalence
of choking game participation; 3.7% reported lifetime prevalence of participation in 2013. In the merged
2011/2013 data set, 17.6% (n = 93) of choking game participants indicated that they had participated
alone. Compared with those who reported participating in a group, youth who participated alone had
significantly higher rates of suicide contemplation (odds ratio: 4.58; P < .001) and poor mental health
(odds ratio: 2.13; P < .05). Conclusions: Youth who participate alone in the choking game are a
particularly high risk group, exhibiting substantially higher rates of suicidal ideation and poorer mental
health compared with youth who participate in the choking game in a group. Adolescent health care
providers should be aware of these associations, assess whether prevention messaging is appropriate,
and be prepared to explain the high risks of morbidity and mortality associated with participation.
(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
Unique Identifier
2017-01403-015
Title
Solitary participation in the “choking game” in Oregon.
Publication Date
Dec 2016
Publication History
Accepted: Sep 27, 2016
Language
English
Author
Ibrahim, Alexandra P.; Knipper, Sarah H.; Brausch, Amy M.; Thorne, Elizabeth K.
Email
Knipper, Sarah H. sarah.knipper@state.or.us
Correspondence Address
Knipper, Sarah H.: Oregon Public Health Division, Adolescent and School Health Program, 800 NE Oregon St,
Suite 805, Portland, OR, US, 97232, sarah.knipper@state.or.us
Affiliation
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Ibrahim, Alexandra P. Hawaii State Department of Health, Honolulu, HI, US

Knipper, Sarah H. Oregon Public Health Division, Adolescent and School Health Program, Portland,
OR, US
Brausch, Amy M. Western Kentucky University, Bowling Green, KY, US
Thorne, Elizabeth K. Cairn Guidance, Portland, OR, US
Source
Pediatrics, Vol 138(6), Dec 2016, No Pagination Specified.
NLM Title Abbreviation

Pediatrics
ISSN
1098-4275 (Electronic); 0031-4005 (Print)
Publisher
US: American Academy of Pediatrics
Format Covered
Electronic
Publication Type
Journal; Peer Reviewed Journal
Document Type
Journal Article
Keywords
adolescents; choking game; prevalence
Index Terms
* Anoxia; * Epidemiology; * Games; Adolescent Characteristics
2800 Developmental Psychology
Population Group
Human; Male; Female
Age Group
Copyright
Holder: The American Academy of Pediatrics
Year: 2016
Location
US
Methodology
Empirical Study; Quantitative Study
Release Date
20170605 (PsycINFO)
Guilheri, J., Fontan, P., & Andronikof, A. (2015). Les « jeux de non-oxygénation » chez les jeunes
collégiens français: Résultats d’une étude pilote [“Asphyxial games” prevalence in young teenagers:
19/06/2018 PsycNET
The findings of French descriptive study]. Neuropsychiatrie de l'Enfance et de l'Adolescence, 63(8),

495-503.
http://dx.doi-org.ez76.periodicos.capes.gov.br/10.1016/j.neurenf.2015.09.001
Abstract
Introduction: Dangerous games and specifically fainting games like “choking game”, “space monkey” and
“blackout” have become a social phenomenon among children and adolescents, be it in school or
elsewhere. After a thorough review of the literature about this category of risk-taking behaviours in
children, we conducted a descriptive study aimed at investigating the context of children's initiation in
suffocation practices and the sort of games they generally prefer. Method: An ad hoc questionnaire with
16 questions was used in a sample of 246 children, mean age 11.6 years (10–14 years) in three schools
in France. The children were also encouraged to write their personal opinion on this sort of “games”.
Results: Results show that almost 1 in 4 children (n = 61) had already experienced a dangerous practice
of this type; age of first experience can be as early as 4 years old; places of first experience are varied
(on the streets, at home or on the Internet). Frequency of practice goes from “2 to 3 times a month” to
“every day”. The preventive role of information received (mainly by the parents) is striking: 31 % of the
children who practice suffocation declare having never received any information vs. 9 % of the other
children. Conclusion: Our results show that this phenomenon is complex, probably mixing group
pressures, sensation seeking, Internet influence, negligence in education and personality factors. These
results pointing a significant information for most contribution of prevention programs. (PsycINFO
Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
Unique Identifier
2015-54997-002
Title
Les « jeux de non-oxygénation » chez les jeunes collégiens français: Résultats d’une étude pilote. / “Asphyxial
games” prevalence in young teenagers: The findings of French descriptive study.
Publication Date
Dec 2015
Language
French
Author
Guilheri, J.; Fontan, P.; Andronikof, A.
Author Identifier
Guilheri, J. http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2368-3890
Email
Guilheri, J. juguilheri@gmail.com
Guilheri, J.: Laboratoire "IPSe–Psychopathologie de L’identite, de la Pensee et Processus de Sante", Universite
Paris Ouest Nanterre La Defense, EA 4430, 200, avenue de la Republique, Nanterre, France, 92001,
juguilheri@gmail.com
Affiliation
Guilheri, J. Laboratoire "IPSe–Psychopathologie de L’identite, de la Pensee et Processus de
Sante", Universite Paris Ouest Nanterre La Defense, EA 4430, Nanterre, France
Fontan, P. Laboratoire "IPSe–Psychopathologie de L’identite, de la Pensee et Processus de
19/06/2018 PsycNET
Andronikof, A. Laboratoire "IPSe–Psychopathologie de L’identite, de la Pensee et Processus de

Source
Neuropsychiatrie de l'Enfance et de l'Adolescence, Vol 63(8), Dec 2015, 495-503.

Neuropsychiatr Enfance Adolesc
ISSN
Other Serial Titles

Revue de Neuropsychiatrie Infantile et d'Hygiene Mentale de l'Enfance
Publisher
Netherlands: Elsevier Science
Other Publishers
France: Expansion Scientifique Francaise
Format Covered
Electronic
Publication Type
Document Type
Journal Article
Digital Object Identifier

http://dx.doi-org.ez76.periodicos.capes.gov.br/10.1016/j.neurenf.2015.09.001
Keywords
Choking game; Asphyxia; Suffocation practices; Risk behaviors; Children; Teenagers; Descriptive study;
Prevention
Index Terms
* Anoxia; * Childhood Development; * Games; * Risk Taking; Internet; Syncope
2800 Developmental Psychology
Population Group
Human
Age Group
Childhood (birth-12 yrs); School Age (6-12 yrs); Adolescence (13-17 yrs)
Copyright
Statement: All rights reserved.
Holder: Elsevier Masson SAS
Year: 2015
Location
France
Methodology
Release Date
20151221 (PsycINFO)
Correction Date
20170309 (PsycINFO)
19/06/2018 PsycNET
Document Type: Letter
Bosmia, A. N., & Leon, K. J. (2015). Lung injury and the cinnamon challenge: College students
should beware this Internet dare. Journal of Injury and Violence Research, 7(1), 41-42.
http://dx.doi-org.ez76.periodicos.capes.gov.br/10.5249/jivr.v7i1.541
Abstract
This letter discusses lung injury and the cinnamon challenge. The cinnamon challenge has existed for
nearly a decade. This dare consists of consuming one tablespoon of cinnamon powder within one
minute without drinking any fluids. The cinnamon challenge has become more popular among teenagers
and young adults over the past four years. According to the American Association of Poison Control
Centers (AAPCC), the number of calls to poison control centers concerning teenagers ages 13 to 19
who had undertaken the cinnamon challenge increased from 51 in 2011 to 222 in 2012. 2013, from
January 1 to July 31, 37 such exposures were reported to poison control centers. Not all persons who
intentionally abuse or misuse cinnamon powder will need medical attention. Of the 122 calls classified as
“intentional misuse or abuse” during the first three months of 2012, 30 required medical attention.5
However, episodes in which medical attention is warranted may be underreported. College students are
a population at risk for respiratory complications secondary to cinnamon toxicity. Educational efforts that
highlight the dangers of the cinnamon challenge should be implemented on college campuses in
addition to middle school, junior high school, and high school campuses. This Internet dare is not a
concern just for pediatricians, but also for general internists, family practitioners, and pulmonologists.
(PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Unique Identifier
2015-13142-004
Title
Lung injury and the cinnamon challenge: College students should beware this Internet dare.
Publication Date
Jan 2015
Publication History
Accepted: Sep 27, 2013
First Submitted: Aug 24, 2013
Language
English
Author
Bosmia, Anand N.; Leon, Kevin J.
Email
Bosmia, Anand N. anandb@uab.edu
Bosmia, Anand N.: Ambulatory Care Center, 1600 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL, US, 35294,
anandb@uab.edu
Affiliation
Leon, Kevin J.
Source
19/06/2018 PsycNET
Division of Pulmonology, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Journal of Injury and
University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, US Violence Research, Vol
7(1), Jan 2015, 41-42.

J Inj Violence Res
ISSN
PMID
24121450
Publisher
Iran: Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Format Covered
Electronic
Publication Type
Document Type
Letter

http://dx.doi-org.ez76.periodicos.capes.gov.br/10.5249/jivr.v7i1.541
Keywords
Lung injuries; cinnamon challenge; college students; Internet dare; at risk populations; poisoning
Index Terms
* At Risk Populations; * College Students; * Injuries; * Internet; * Toxic Disorders; Lung
3290 Physical & Somatoform & Psychogenic Disorders
MeSH
Animals; Cinnamomum zeylanicum; Female; Humans; Male; Pneumonia, Aspiration; Substance-Related
Disorders
Population Group
Human
Age Group
Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
Copyright
Holder: KUMS
Year: 2015
Release Date
20150511 (PsycINFO)
Pelladeau, É., & Coslin, P. G. (2014). Jeu du foulard et anxiété: Braver I'Interdit, faire face au
danger [Choking game and anxiety: Challenging the taboo, facing danger]. Bulletin de Psychologie,
67(1), 63-72.
19/06/2018 PsycNET
http://dx.doi-org.ez76.periodicos.capes.gov.br/10.3917/bupsy.529.0063
Abstract
This research treats of the connection between anxiety and the Choking Game observed among 10
secondary school students who admitted they sometimes take part in this "game": five boys and five girls
from the age of 13 to 15. This study is based on a guided interview about the importance of taboo and
the perception of danger as well as the self-easing aspect of the "game" in connection with the players'
anxiety (12 topics approached with 18 questions). The results show that this practice usually goes with a
more or less explicit awareness of the taboo and of the danger associated with this game. The results
also emphasize that, for most young people, the Choking Game has a self-easing aspect and that
players involved also show quite significant signs of anxiety. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA,
all rights reserved)
Unique Identifier
2014-14363-007
Title
Jeu du foulard et anxiété: Braver I'Interdit, faire face au danger. / Choking game and anxiety: Challenging the
taboo, facing danger.
Publication Date
Jan 2014
Language
French
Author
Pelladeau, Élise; Coslin, Pierre G.
Email
Pelladeau, Élise elise.pelladeau@gmaiI.com
Pelladeau, Élise: Universite Paris Descartes, PRES Universite Paris-Cite, Laboratoire Psychologie Clinique,
Psychopathologie, Psychanalyse (PCPP) (EA 4056), I'Institut Universitaire Paris-Descartes de Psychologie, 71
Avenue Edouard Vaillant, Boulogne-Billancourt, France, 92774, Cedex, elise.pelladeau@gmaiI.com
Affiliation
Pelladeau, Élise Universite Paris Descartes, PRES Universite Paris-Cite, Laboratoire Psychologie
Clinique, Psychopathologie, Psychanalyse (PCPP) (EA 4056), I'Institut
Universitaire Paris-Descartes de Psychologie, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
Coslin, Pierre G. Universite Paris Descartes, PRES Universite Paris-Cite, Laboratoire Psychologie
Clinique, Psychopathologie, Psychanalyse (PCPP) (EA 4056), I'Institut
Universitaire Paris-Descartes de Psychologie, Boulogne-Billancourt, France
Source
Bulletin de Psychologie, Vol 67(1), Jan-Feb 2014, 63-72.
ISSN
Other Serial Titles

Bulletin du Group d'Étude Psychologie de l'Université de Paris
Publisher
France: Bulletin de Psychologie
Format Covered
Print
19/06/2018 PsycNET
Publication Type
Document Type
Journal Article

http://dx.doi-org.ez76.periodicos.capes.gov.br/10.3917/bupsy.529.0063
Keywords
self-easing aspect; choking game; anxiety; taboos; danger; student attitudes
Index Terms
* Anxiety; * Dangerousness; * Games; * Risk Perception; * Self-Concept; Adolescent Psychopathology; Taboos
3230 Behavior Disorders & Antisocial Behavior
Population Group
Human; Male; Female
Age Group
Methodology
Release Date
20140825 (PsycINFO)
Correction Date
20160421 (PsycINFO)
Mechling, B., Ahern, N. R., & McGuinness, T. M. (2013). The choking game. Journal of
Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, 51(12), 15-18.
Abstract
Nurses working with children and adolescents should be cognizant of choking games, risky acts in which
pressure is applied to the neck and the airway is obstructed to achieve a high. Evidence supports that
many children and adolescents do not understand the grave consequences of choking games nor do
they view participation as dangerous. Parents, teachers, pediatricians, nurses, and psychiatric-mental
health professionals are not always aware that children and adolescents are engaging in choking
games. The purpose of this article is to describe the signs, changes over the years, consequences, and
educational resources available for addressing this behavior in children and adolescents. Understanding
the nomenclature of choking games, how to assess, and how to intervene when participation in this
behavior is suspected are also addressed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights
reserved)
Unique Identifier
2013-44259-003
19/06/2018 PsycNET
Title
The choking game.
Publication Date
Dec 2013
Publication History
First Posting: Nov 7, 2013
Language
English
Author
Mechling, Brandy; Ahern, Nancy R.; McGuinness, Teena M.
Email
Mechling, Brandy mechlingb@uncw.edu
Mechling, Brandy: University of North Carolina at Wilmington, College of Health and Human Services, School of
Nursing, McNeil Hall, 601 S. College Road, Wilmington, NC, US, 28403, mechlingb@uncw.edu
Affiliation
Mechling, Brandy University of North Carolina, School of Nursing, Wilmington, NC, US
Ahern, Nancy R. University of North Carolina, School of Nursing, Wilmington, NC, US
McGuinness, Teena M. University of Alabama at Birmingham, School of Nursing, Birmingham, AL, US
Source
Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, Vol 51(12), Dec 2013, 15-18.

J Psychosoc Nurs Ment Health Serv
ISSN
Publisher
US: SLACK
Format Covered
Electronic
Publication Type
Document Type
Journal Article
Keywords
choking game; nurses; mental health professionals; pediatricians; health personnel attitudes; terminology
Index Terms
* Anoxia; * Games; * Health Personnel Attitudes; * Nurses; * Pediatricians; At Risk Populations; Epidemiology;
Mental Health Personnel; Terminology
Population Group
Human
Age Group
Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
Copyright
Holder: SLACK Incorporated
19/06/2018 PsycNET
Release Date
20140120 (PsycINFO)
Correction Date
20170327 (PsycINFO)
Isaacs, D. (2013). The cinnamon challenge. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 49(11), 984.
http://dx.doi-org.ez76.periodicos.capes.gov.br/10.1111/jpc.12423_3
Abstract
This article discusses about the cinnamon challenge which involves swallowing a tablespoonful of
ground cinnamon in 60 s without drinking anything. Cinnamon is a caustic powder, and ingestion induces
severe gagging. Inhalation in rats causes granulomatous pulmonary inflammation. Video clips of
adolescents watching someone cough and choke as they attempt the cinnamon challenge are an
Internet sensation, with YouTube clips posted, one of which has been viewed over 19 million times. Most
recover, but US poison centers and emergency departments have been kept busy, and there have been
a number of hospitalizations for pulmonary complications. Adolescents show remarkable inventiveness
when it comes to risk-taking activities but should be encouraged to find other, more constructive ways of
putting spice into their lives. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Unique Identifier
2013-41213-022
Title
The cinnamon challenge.
Publication Date
Nov 2013
Language
English
Author
Isaacs, David
Email
Isaacs, David david.isaacs@health.nsw.gov.au
Isaacs, David: david.isaacs@health.nsw.gov.au
Source
Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, Vol 49(11), Nov 2013, 984.

J Paediatr Child Health
ISSN
Publisher
United Kingdom: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
19/06/2018 PsycNET
Other Publishers
United Kingdom: Blackwell Publishing
Format Covered
Electronic
Publication Type
Document Type
Journal Article

http://dx.doi-org.ez76.periodicos.capes.gov.br/10.1111/jpc.12423_3
Keywords
cinnamon challenge; ingestion; eating behavior; adolescent attitudes; risk-taking; swallowing
Index Terms
* Adolescent Attitudes; * Eating Behavior; * Ingestion; * Risk Taking; Swallowing
2840 Psychosocial & Personality Development
Population Group
Human
Age Group
Copyright
Holder: The Authors. Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health—Paediatrics and Child Health Division (Royal
Australasian College of Physicians)
Year: 2013
Release Date
20140303 (PsycINFO)
Bernadet, S., Purper-Ouakil, D., & Michel, G. (2012). Typologie des jeux dangereux chez des
collégiens: Vers une étude des profils psychologiques [Typology of dangerous games among
middle and high school students: Towards a study of the psychological profiles]. Annales Médico-
Psychologiques, 170(9), 654-658.
http://dx.doi-org.ez76.periodicos.capes.gov.br/10.1016/j.amp.2012.09.002
Abstract
Twelve percent of seven to 17 year-old children have been involved in a dangerous game [23].
Nowadays, it distinguishes non-oxygenation games, aggression games and challenge games. Often
mixed together, they are part of the broad spectrum of risk taking behaviors. The objective of this
research is to identify psychological factors associated with each type of dangerous games. A
multisource assessment (832 adolescents and 416 parents) found that asphyxial games could become
19/06/2018 PsycNET
addictive; challenge games would be the response to a high novelty-seeking and that aggression games
could be the indicator of an emotional detachment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights
reserved)
Unique Identifier
2012-31226-011
Title
Typologie des jeux dangereux chez des collégiens: Vers une étude des profils psychologiques. / Typology of
dangerous games among middle and high school students: Towards a study of the psychological profiles.
Publication Date
Nov 2012
Language
French
Author
Bernadet, Sabrina; Purper-Ouakil, Diane; Michel, Gregory
Email
Bernadet, Sabrina sabrina.bernadet@u-bordeaux2.fr
Bernadet, Sabrina: Laboratoire Psychologie Sante et Qualite de Vie, EA 4139, Universite Bordeaux-Segalen,
UFR Sciences de l’Homme, EA 4139, 3 ter, Place de la Victoire, Bordeaux, France, 33076, sabrina.bernadet@u-
bordeaux2.fr
Affiliation
Bernadet, Sabrina Laboratoire Psychologie Sante et Qualite de Vie, EA 4139, Universite Bordeaux-
Segalen, UFR Sciences de l’Homme, Bordeaux, France
Purper-Ouakil, Diane Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Saint-Eloi, Montpellier, France
Michel, Gregory Laboratoire Psychologie Sante et Qualite de Vie, EA 4139, Universite Bordeaux-
Segalen, UFR Sciences de l’Homme, Bordeaux, France
Source
Annales Médico-Psychologiques, Vol 170(9), Nov 2012, 654-658.

Ann Med Psychol (Paris)
ISSN
Publisher
France: Elsevier Masson SAS
Other Publishers
Format Covered
Electronic
Publication Type
Document Type
Journal Article

Keywords
19/06/2018 PsycNET
aggression games; middle school students; high school students; psychological factors; risk taking; dangerous
games; psychological profiles; at risk populations; parents; challenge games; asphyxia; risk factors;
psychopathology; coping behavior
Index Terms
* Adolescent Psychopathology; * Childhood Play Behavior; * Dangerousness; * Games; * Risk Taking;
Aggressive Behavior; Anoxia; Competition; Coping Behavior; High School Students; Middle School Students;
Risk Factors
Population Group
Human; Male; Female
Age Group
Childhood (birth-12 yrs); School Age (6-12 yrs); Adolescence (13-17 yrs); Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
Copyright
Statement: Tous droits réservés.
Year: 2012
Location
France
Methodology
Empirical Study; Interview; Quantitative Study
Tests and Measures

Children Depression Inventory
State Trait Anxiety Inventory For Children
Problem Questionnaire
Coping Across Situations Questionnaire
Conners Parents Rating Sale
Junior Temperament and Character Inventory http://dx.doi-org.ez76.periodicos.capes.gov.br/10.1037/t06403-000
Release Date
20130225 (PsycINFO)
Correction Date
20130318 (PsycINFO)
Bernacki, J. M., & Davies, W. H. (2012). Prevention of the choking game: Parent perspectives.
Journal of Injury and Violence Research, 4(2), 73-78.
Abstract
Background: Many preadolescents and adolescents have been reported to take part in forced
asphyxiation as a means of creating a feeling of being high without taking drugs. This activity goes by
different names, including the Choking Game, Blackout, and Space Monkey. The limited epidemiological
data suggest that about 6-11% of adolescents report having engaged in this behavior. Methods: This
study surveyed a predominantly Caucasian cohort of parents regarding their knowledge of the choking
19/06/2018 PsycNET
game and its associated risks, as well as their attitudes toward possible prevention efforts. Results:
Three quarters of parents responding reported being familiar with the choking game but considerably
fewer (20%) reported having talked to their children about this activity. Ninety-six percent of parents
reported knowing that unintentional death was a potential risk and ninety percent believe information
about this activity should be included in school health curricula. Conclusions: Parents of adolescents in
the United States appear to be quite knowledgeable about the Choking Game and its potential risks and
are overwhelmingly supportive of prevention measures. The parents surveyed understood the
importance of preventing children from engaging in the Choking Game, but may need specific help in
how to talk to their children about it. Further work is needed to confirm that the proportion of parents
identified as aware of this risk taking behavior is consistent across other populations and to urgently
identify effective prevention efforts that can be integrated into existing health curricula. (PsycINFO
Unique Identifier
2013-10777-004
Title
Prevention of the choking game: Parent perspectives.
Publication Date
Jul 2012
Publication History
Accepted: Mar 24, 2011
First Submitted: Jan 20, 2011
Language
English
Author
Bernacki, Jessica M.; Davies, W. Hobart
Email
Bernacki, Jessica M. josephjm@uwm.edu
Bernacki, Jessica M.: Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, 2441 E. Hartford Ave.,
Pearse Hall, Room 376, Milwaukee, WI, US, 53211, josephjm@uwm.edu
Affiliation
Bernacki, Jessica M. University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, US
Davies, W. Hobart University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI, US
Source
Journal of Injury and Violence Research, Vol 4(2), Jul 2012, 73-78.

J Inj Violence Res
ISSN
PMID
21502782
Publisher
Iran: Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences
Format Covered
Electronic
19/06/2018 PsycNET
Publication Type
Document Type
Journal Article
Keywords
choking game prevention; parental perspectives; risk factors; health curriculum; parent child communication
Index Terms
* Games; * Parent Child Communication; * Parental Attitudes; * Prevention; * Risk Factors; Anoxia; Health
Education
2956 Childrearing & Child Care
MeSH
Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Adult; Asphyxia; Awareness; Child; Communication; Female; Humans; Male;
Middle Aged; Parent-Child Relations; Parents; Risk-Taking; Self-Injurious Behavior; Wisconsin; Young Adult
Population Group
Human; Male; Female
Age Group
Adulthood (18 yrs & older); Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs); Thirties (30-39 yrs); Middle Age (40-64 yrs)
Copyright
Statement: All right reserved.
Holder: KUMS
Year: 2012
Location
US
Methodology
Release Date
20130930 (PsycINFO)

Ernoul, A., Orsat, M., Mesu, C., Garre, J.-B., & Richard-Devantoy, S. (2012). Les jeux de non-
oxygénation et l’hypoxyphilie: De l’asphyxie volontaire passagère à l’addiction? [The fating game
and erotic asphyxiation: From voluntary and temporary asphyxiation to addiction?]. Annales
Médico-Psychologiques, 170(4), 231-237.
Abstract
Introduction: There are two forms of voluntary and temporary asphyxiation: the “fainting game” better
known as “the choking game”, “blackout”, “space monkey” and the erotic asphyxiation. These conducts
involve inducing cerebral hypoxia with the aim of developing an altered, euphoric-like state. Unlike the
choking game, erotic asphyxiation implies a sexual activity. The objective of our work is to describe these
two types of asphyxiation, which are little known by the medical world and nevertheless responsible of
19/06/2018 PsycNET
numerous complications, including death. Method: We performed a systematic review (Medline, Science
Direct) between January 1988 and August 2011 to identify the frequency, as well as the clinical and
psychopathological data, and to present available ways of screening and management. Results: These
practices correspond to two different categories. The fating game concerns teenager risk behaviors.
Erotic asphyxiation is a characteristic of young adult masochistic activity. Both of these practices pose
the risk of evolving towards a behavioral addiction. According to the model of the affective-behavioral
addiction, the fainting game has an addictive potential mainly for teenagers displaying mental and other
addictive disorders. The erotic asphyxiation dependence is considered to be a paraphiliac addiction,
which also features the tolerance mechanism. Consequently, dependent subjects experience the need to
escalate exposure in order to reach the same level of pleasure. They increase the number, the time and
the intensity of hypoxia, thus heightening the risk of death and complications. A behavioral addiction is
therefore regarded as a risk factor. Conclusion: We encourage clinicians to acquaint themselves with the
main alert signs (preexisting risk factors, behavior modifications, neck erythema, unexplained somatic
disorders) to screen patients for this type of conduct and to take into account such an addictive
component in clinical settings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Unique Identifier
2012-14928-002
Title
Les jeux de non-oxygénation et l’hypoxyphilie: De l’asphyxie volontaire passagère à l’addiction? / The fating
game and erotic asphyxiation: From voluntary and temporary asphyxiation to addiction?
Publication Date
May 2012
Language
French
Author
Ernoul, Adrien; Orsat, Manuel; Mesu, Cosmin; Garre, Jean-Bernard; Richard-Devantoy, Stéphane
Email
Richard-Devantoy, richarddevantoy@orange.fr
Stéphane Correspondence Address
Richard-Devantoy, Stéphane: Department of Psychiatry, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, McGill University,
Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Douglas Institute, Frank-B. Common Pavilion, 6875 LaSalle
boulevard, Montreal, PQ, Canada, H4H 1R3, richarddevantoy@orange.fr
Affiliation
Ernoul, Adrien Centre Sante Mentale Angevin CESAME, Sainte-Gemmes-sur-Loire, France
Orsat, Manuel Departement de Psychiatrie et de Psychologie Medicale, CHU d’Angers, Angers,
France
Mesu, Cosmin Departement de Psychiatrie et de Psychologie Medicale, CHU d’Angers, Angers,
France
Garre, Jean-Bernard Departement de Psychiatrie et de Psychologie Medicale, CHU d’Angers, Angers,
France
Richard-Devantoy, Department of Psychiatry, McGill Group for Suicide Studies, McGill University,
Stéphane Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Douglas Institute, Montreal, PQ,
Canada
Source
Annales Médico-Psychologiques, Vol 170(4), May 2012, 231-237.

Ann Med Psychol (Paris)
19/06/2018 PsycNET
ISSN
Publisher
France: Elsevier Masson SAS
Other Publishers
Format Covered
Electronic
Publication Type
Document Type
Journal Article

Keywords
choking game; erotic asphyxiation; behavioral addiction
Index Terms
* Addiction; * Anoxia; Psychosexual Behavior
Population Group
Human
Copyright
Statement: Tous droits réservés.
Year: 2012
Methodology
Literature Review; Systematic Review
Release Date
20121008 (PsycINFO)

Brausch, A. M., Decker, K. M., & Hadley, A. G. (2011). Risk of suicidal ideation in adolescents with
both self-asphyxial risk-taking behavior and non-suicidal self-injury. Suicide and Life-Threatening
Behavior, 41(4), 424-434.
http://dx.doi-org.ez76.periodicos.capes.gov.br/10.1111/j.1943-278X.2011.00042.x
Abstract
This study examined adolescent participation in self-asphyxial risk-taking behaviors (SAB), sometimes
known as the "choking game," and its relationship with other adolescent risk behaviors, including non-
suicidal self-injury (NSSI). Researchers proposed that participation in SAB and NSSI would be
associated with suicidal behavior, disordered eating, and substance use. Using a large community-
19/06/2018 PsycNET
based sample, results revealed preliminary associations between SAB and other risk-taking behaviors.
Adolescents who had engaged in both SAB and NSSI reported more concurrent risk behaviors than
adolescents who participated in only one of the behaviors or neither behavior. Results indicate that
greater awareness of SAB is important, and continued research can evaluate the possible link between
the behavior and risk for suicide. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Unique Identifier
2011-19373-007
Title
Risk of suicidal ideation in adolescents with both self-asphyxial risk-taking behavior and non-suicidal self-injury.
Publication Date
Aug 2011
Publication History
Accepted: Oct 8, 2010
First Submitted: Jul 27, 2010
Language
English
Author
Brausch, Amy M.; Decker, Kristina M.; Hadley, Andrea G.
Email
Brausch, Amy M. abrausch@eiu.edu
Brausch, Amy M.: Department of Psychology, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL, US, abrausch@eiu.edu
Affiliation
Brausch, Amy M. Department of Psychology, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL, US
Decker, Kristina M. Department of Psychology, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL, US
Hadley, Andrea G. Department of Psychology, Eastern Illinois University, Charleston, IL, US
Source
Suicide and Life-Threatening Behavior, Vol 41(4), Aug 2011, 424-434.

Suicide Life Threat Behav
ISSN
1943-278X (Electronic); 0363-0234 (Print)
PMID
21631572
Other Serial Titles

Life-Threatening Behavior; Suicide
Publisher
United Kingdom: Wiley-Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
Other Publishers
US: Behavioral Publications
US: Guilford Publications
Human Sciences Press, Inc.
Format Covered
Print
Publication Type
19/06/2018 PsycNET
Document Type
Journal Article

http://dx.doi-org.ez76.periodicos.capes.gov.br/10.1111/j.1943-278X.2011.00042.x
Keywords
risk factors; suicidal ideation; adolescent development; self-asphyxia; risk-taking behavior; self-injuries
Index Terms
* Adolescent Attitudes; * Risk Factors; * Risk Taking; * Self-Injurious Behavior; * Suicidal Ideation; Anoxia
MeSH
Adolescent; Chi-Square Distribution; Data Collection; Feeding and Eating Disorders; Female; Humans; Male;
Prevalence; Risk-Taking; Self-Injurious Behavior; Sex Factors; Substance-Related Disorders; Suicidal Ideation;
Surveys and Questionnaires; Young Adult
Population Group
Human; Male; Female
Age Group
Adolescence (13-17 yrs); Adulthood (18 yrs & older); Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs)
Copyright
Holder: The American Association of Suicidology
Year: 2011
Location
US
Methodology
Tests and Measures

Youth Risk Behavior Survey
Grant/Sponsorship
Sponsor: Harrison and I Sing
Recipient: Decker, Kristina M.; Brausch, Amy M.; Hadley, Andrea G.
Grant Number: 888-550-7464
Release Date
20111024 (PsycINFO)
Correction Date
20130610 (PsycINFO)

Ullrich, N. J., Bergin, A. M., & Goodkin, H. P. (2008). "The choking game": Self-induced hypoxia
presenting as recurrent seizurelike events. Epilepsy & Behavior, 12(3), 486-488.
http://dx.doi-org.ez76.periodicos.capes.gov.br/10.1016/j.yebeh.2007.12.008
19/06/2018 PsycNET
Abstract
Risk-taking behavior resulting in accidental injury is common in adolescence. Self-induced hypoxia as a
means of self-stimulation, sometimes referred to as "the choking game," has recently become more
widely recognized, particularly with a series of well-publicized deaths in teenagers and with wider
visibility on national news and Internet sites. We report a case of self-induced hypoxia via carotid
compression and breath holding that presented as recurrent confusional episodes and seizurelike
events. Video/EEG monitoring was a useful tool in elucidating the neurological effects of the "game,"
which may result in prolonged neurological injury or life-threatening outcome. (PsycINFO Database
Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved)
Unique Identifier
2008-03370-019
Title
"The choking game": Self-induced hypoxia presenting as recurrent seizurelike events.
Publication Date
Apr 2008
Language
English
Author
Ullrich, Nicole J.; Bergin, Ann M.; Goodkin, Howard P.
Email
Ullrich, Nicole J. nicole.ullrich@childrens.harvard.edu
Ullrich, Nicole J.: Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Boston, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA, US,
02115, nicole.ullrich@childrens.harvard.edu
Affiliation
Ullrich, Nicole J. Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, US
Bergin, Ann M. Department of Neurology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA, US
Goodkin, Howard P. Department of Neurology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, US
Source
Epilepsy & Behavior, Vol 12(3), Apr 2008, 486-488.

Epilepsy Behav
ISSN
PMID
18218343
Publisher
Format Covered
Electronic
Publication Type
Document Type
Journal Article

19/06/2018 PsycNET
http://dx.doi-org.ez76.periodicos.capes.gov.br/10.1016/j.yebeh.2007.12.008
Keywords
self-induced hypoxia; recurrent seizurelike events; accidental injury; risk-taking behavior
Index Terms
* Anoxia; * Seizures; * Self-Stimulation; Accidents; Risk Taking
3200 Psychological & Physical Disorders
MeSH
Adolescent; Airway Obstruction; Anoxia; Electroencephalography; Humans; Male; Play and Playthings; Seizures
Population Group
Human; Male
Age Group
Methodology
Clinical Case Study
Release Date
20080414 (PsycINFO)
Correction Date
20171030 (PsycINFO)

Macnab, A. J., Deevska, M., Gagnon, F., Cannon, W. G., & Andrew, T. (2009). Asphyxial games or
"the choking game": A potentially fatal risk behaviour. Injury Prevention, 15(1), 45-49.
http://dx.doi-org.ez76.periodicos.capes.gov.br/10.1136/ip.2008.018523
Abstract
Objectives: To determine the prevalence of knowledge about and participation in asphyxial games,
sometimes called "the choking game", and how best to raise awareness of this risk-taking behavior and
provide preventive education. Design: Questionnaire; collaborative research model; lay advocacy
group/university researchers. Setting: 8 middle and high schools in Texas (six) and Ontario (two). A
recent death from playing the choking game had occurred in one Texas school, and two other fatalities
had occurred within the state. Subjects: Students in grades 4–12, aged 9–18 years. Intervention: None.
Outcome measures: None. Results: Of 2762 surveys distributed, 2504 (90.7%) were completed. The
mean (SD) age of the responders was 13.7 (2.2) years. 68% of children had heard about the game, 45%
knew somebody who played it, and 6.6% had tried it, 93.9% of those with someone else. Forty percent
of children perceived no risk. Information that playing the game could result in death or brain damage
was reported as most likely to influence behavior. The most respected source of a preventive education
message was parents for pre-adolescents (43%) or victim/victim’s family (36%) for older adolescents.
Conclusions: Knowledge of and participation in self-asphyxial behavior is not unusual among
schoolchildren. The age of the child probably determines the best source (parents or victim/victim’s
family) of preventive education. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
19/06/2018 PsycNET
Unique Identifier
2009-13231-005
Title
Asphyxial games or "the choking game": A potentially fatal risk behaviour.
Publication Date
2009
Publication History
Accepted: Oct 9, 2008
Language
English
Author
Macnab, A. J.; Deevska, M.; Gagnon, F.; Cannon, W. G.; Andrew, T.
Email
Macnab, A. J. amacnab@cw.bc.ca
Macnab, A. J.: Division of Critical Care, BC Children’s Hospital, Room L 408, Vancouver, BC, Canada, V6H 3V4,
amacnab@cw.bc.ca
Affiliation
Macnab, A. J. Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Deevska, M. Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Gagnon, F. Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Cannon, W. G. Department of Pediatrics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Source
Injury Prevention, Vol 15(1), 2009, 45-49.

Inj Prev
ISSN
PMID
19190276
Publisher
United Kingdom: BMJ Publishing Group
Format Covered
Electronic
Publication Type
Document Type
Journal Article

http://dx.doi-org.ez76.periodicos.capes.gov.br/10.1136/ip.2008.018523
Keywords
knowledge about & participation in asphyxial games; fatal risk behaviour; preventive education
Index Terms
* Anoxia; * Games; * Prevention; Risk Factors
19/06/2018 PsycNET
MeSH
Adolescent; Asphyxia; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Ontario; Recreation; Risk-Taking; Self-Injurious Behavior;
Texas
Population Group
Human; Male; Female
Age Group
Childhood (birth-12 yrs); School Age (6-12 yrs); Adolescence (13-17 yrs); Adulthood (18 yrs & older)
Location
Canada; US
Methodology
Release Date
20100315 (PsycINFO)

Document Type: Editorial
Thomas, S. P. (2009). The latest “cheap high” for teens. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 30(11),
659.
http://dx.doi-org.ez76.periodicos.capes.gov.br/10.1080/01612840903203294
Abstract
As you may recall, my editorial for issue #5 focused on a deadly game called the “choking game,” which
has caused 82 documented deaths in the United States between 1995 and 2007. Today I write to
heighten awareness of yet another way that teens are achieving a “high,” once again using a common
household product: computer keyboard cleaner. Once again, suspicion would not be aroused if computer
keyboard cleaner were found in a child’s room. This new way of getting high is called “doing duster.”
Although I was familiar with the practice of huffing glue, which has been around for quite awhile, I had
not heard about this new practice. My Google search of this topic yielded little more than teens’ blog
postings about their use of computer duster. I understand that there are You Tube clips as well, although
I haven’t viewed them. As with the “choking game,” there are so many unanswered questions. I invite
clinical and research papers. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Unique Identifier
2010-12573-001
Title
The latest “cheap high” for teens.
Publication Date
2009
Language
English
Author
Thomas, Sandra P.
Source
19/06/2018 PsycNET
Issues in Mental Health Nursing, Vol 30(11), 2009, 659.

Issues Ment Health Nurs
ISSN
PMID
19874093
Publisher
US: Informa Healthcare
Other Publishers
United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis
Format Covered
Electronic
Publication Type
Document Type
Editorial

Keywords
mental health; teens; computer keyboard cleaner; getting high
Index Terms
* Games; * Inhalant Abuse; Mental Health
3233 Substance Abuse & Addiction
MeSH
Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Airway Obstruction; Humans; Psychiatric Nursing; Self-Injurious Behavior;
Substance-Related Disorders; United States
Population Group
Human
Copyright
Holder: Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.
Release Date
20100830 (PsycINFO)
Correction Date
20150928 (PsycINFO)

Thomas, S. P. (2009). A deadly game for boys. Issues in Mental Health Nursing, 30(5), 287.
Abstract
19/06/2018 PsycNET
A disturbing phenomenon is just now coming to the attention of mental health professionals, although it
has existed for quite awhile—the “choking game.” Other names for this deadly “game” include “space
monkey,” “suffocation roulette,” “scarf game,” “cloud nine,” “pass-out game,” or “fainting game.” The
United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, 2008) has documented 82 deaths
between 1995 and 2007 attributable to the “choking game;” 87% of the victims were boys. There are
many unanswered questions about children’s motivations for engaging in this dangerous activity.
Quantitative researchers could investigate the predisposing and precipitating factors that create the
likelihood of playing the choking game. Qualitative researchers could interview survivors about their lived
experience of playing the game. Parents, teachers, and other adults in the child’s life-world could be
interviewed as well. I hope psychiatric/mental health nurses will become involved in some of this
research and submit manuscripts to IMHN. Clinical papers are welcomed as well. (PsycINFO Database
Unique Identifier
2009-07504-001
Title
A deadly game for boys.
Publication Date
May 2009
Language
English
Author
Thomas, Sandra P.
Source
Issues in Mental Health Nursing, Vol 30(5), May 2009, 287.

Issues Ment Health Nurs
ISSN
PMID
19437246
Publisher
United Kingdom: Taylor & Francis
Other Publishers
US: Informa Healthcare
Format Covered
Electronic
Publication Type
Document Type
Editorial

Keywords
19/06/2018 PsycNET
choking game; research initiatives; boys
Index Terms
* Anoxia; * Human Males; * Risk Taking; Experimentation
3300 Health & Mental Health Treatment & Prevention
MeSH
Adolescent; Airway Obstruction; Asphyxia; Brain Damage, Chronic; Cause of Death; Child; Euphoria; Humans;
Male; Motivation; Nursing Diagnosis; Play and Playthings; Risk-Taking
Population Group
Human; Male
Age Group
Childhood (birth-12 yrs); School Age (6-12 yrs); Adolescence (13-17 yrs)
Copyright
Holder: Informa Healthcare USA, Inc.
Year: 2009
Location
US
Release Date
20090601 (PsycINFO)
Correction Date
20150928 (PsycINFO)

Document Type: Chapter
Giggie, M. A. (2010). Psychological autopsy in children and adolescents. In E. P. Benedek, P. Ash,

& C. L. Scott (Eds.), Principles and practice of child and adolescent forensic mental health (pp. 431-
443). Arlington, VA, US: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc..
Abstract
This chapter reviews the use of psychological autopsies in the pediatric population. The first section
defines psychological autopsy, its various purposes, its use in evaluating both equivocal and unequivocal
pediatric deaths, and the various methods used to conduct one. The second section reviews the
epidemiology of pediatric suicide. The third section describes various types of equivocal deaths in
children and adolescents, including group suicides, autoerotic asphyxia, choking game, and Russian
roulette. The fourth section discusses legal issues relating to psychological autopsy, such as the
admissibility of a psychological autopsy in court and types of pediatric cases that utilize psychological
autopsy. The fifth and final section proposes a method to consider when conducting a psychological
autopsy in children and adolescents based on the methods currently in use. (PsycINFO Database
Unique Identifier
2009-20583-031
19/06/2018 PsycNET
Title
Psychological autopsy in children and adolescents.
Publication Date
2010
Language
English
Author
Giggie, Marisa A.
Affiliation
Giggie, Marisa A. University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL,
US
Source
Benedek, Elissa P. (Ed); Ash, Peter (Ed); Scott, Charles L. (Ed). (2010). Principles and practice of child and
adolescent forensic mental health , (pp. 431-443). Arlington, VA, US: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., xix,
511 pp.
ISBN
978-1-58562-336-5 (Hardcover)
Publisher
Arlington, VA, US: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc.
Format Covered
Print
Publication Type
Book; Edited Book
Intended Audience
Psychology: Professional & Research
Document Type
Chapter
Keywords
psychological autopsies; pediatric population; pediatric deaths; legal issues; court; children; adolescents;
admissibility
Index Terms
* Death and Dying; * Forensic Evaluation; * Legal Testimony; * Pediatrics; * Psychological Autopsy; Adjudication
4200 Forensic Psychology & Legal Issues; 3230 Behavior Disorders & Antisocial Behavior
Population Group
Human
Age Group
Childhood (birth-12 yrs); Adolescence (13-17 yrs)
Location
US
Release Date
20091221 (PsycINFO)

19/06/2018 PsycNET
Merrick, J., & Merrick-Kenig, E. (2010). The choking game revisited. International Journal of
Adolescent Medicine and Health, 22(2), 173-175.
Abstract
In 2006 we published an editorial based on several reports and newspaper articles describing a new
choking game in adolescence. Recently the Oregon Public Health Division published results from their
2008 survey, in which they added a question on the choking game to their 2008 Oregon Healthy Teens
survey. This study has some limitations as indicated in the publication, but we can still learn and use
information from it because of the 163 pediatricians and family practitioners who were surveyed, almost
one-third did not know about the choking game or the signs to be aware of in adolescents. (PsycINFO
Unique Identifier
2010-21700-001
Title
The choking game revisited.
Publication Date
Apr 2010
Language
English
Author
Merrick, Joav; Merrick-Kenig, Efrat
Email
Merrick, Joav jmerrick@zahav.net.il
Merrick-Kenig, Efrat efratmerrick@gmail.com
Affiliation
Merrick, Joav National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Division for Mental
Retardation, Ministry of Social Affairs, Jerusalem, Israel
Merrick-Kenig, Efrat National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Division for Mental
Retardation, Ministry of Social Affairs, Jerusalem, Israel
Source
International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health, Vol 22(2), Apr-Jun 2010, 173-175.

Int J Adolesc Med Health
ISSN
PMID
21061917
Publisher
Israel: Freund Publishing House
Other Publishers
Germany: Walter de Gruyter
Format Covered
Print
Publication Type
19/06/2018 PsycNET
Document Type
Editorial
Keywords
childhood play behavior; choking game; warning signs; child psychopathology; risk factors; health behavior;
health promotion
Index Terms
* Anoxia; * Childhood Play Behavior; * Health Behavior; * Risk Factors; * Warnings; Child Psychopathology;
Health Promotion
3365 Promotion & Maintenance of Health & Wellness
MeSH
Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Airway Obstruction; Child; Female; Humans; Male; Play and Playthings; Self-
Injurious Behavior; United States
Population Group
Human
Copyright
Holder: Freund Publishing House Ltd.
Release Date
20101206 (PsycINFO)
Correction Date
20120402 (PsycINFO)

Michel, G., Bernadet, S., Aubron, V., & Cazenave, N. (2010). Des conduites à risques aux
assuétudes comportementales: Le trouble addictif au danger [From risk-taking to behavioural
dependency: Addictive disorder to danger]. Psychologie Française, 55(4), 341-353.
http://dx.doi-org.ez76.periodicos.capes.gov.br/10.1016/j.psfr.2010.07.003
Abstract
Several studies show that playing a dangerous sport has a direct influence on the emotional state of
athletes. Engaging in such behaviour would not only reduce negative affect but also produce a positive
affect that does not equate only relief but an “extraordinary experienced”. Notwithstanding the unique
qualities of these sports, it is likely that some subclinical individual characteristics such as sensation
seeking, emotional–behavioural deregulation can promote a self-reinforcement of these practices or
even facilitated the installation of an addictive tendency. Risk and intense sensation are also at the heart
of dangerous games. Four points seem to motivate these practices: risk-taking, intensity, loss of
consciousness, and the “wake survival”. In addition, practitioners are characterized by a more severe
depressive symptomatology than non-practitioners. Some of these depressive elements are probably
anterior to the game, but it is also possible that others are the consequence; this has the effect of
strengthening the emotional–behavioural addiction. Through these extreme sports and games of non-
oxygenation, the level of danger appears to be a real source of excitement. Playing with death is going
to give inner magnitude to the experience. Without the sense of risk, the practice of the activity would not
19/06/2018 PsycNET
make sense. Psychological functioning of these sports and these “players” is based on the need to be
stimulated, to be excited by the risk or even the fear in order to be appeased. Also, treat the danger, but
also and mainly deal with emotions. The danger as a means of activation may fill in a toxic function of
emotional and behavioural self-regulation including a risk that this excitation will self-sustained. Indeed,
some of these athletes and these “players” increase their practice and push the safety threshold by
adopting behaviours more and more risky in order to experiment higher sensations. When some
semiological clues characterize the practice of risky activities like the repetition of a dangerous situation,
loss of control, the invasion of the psychic life, time spent at the expense of social, family and school
activities… they may reflect a real addiction to danger. It therefore becomes necessary for the clinician
and the researcher to identify all these prodromal symptoms and signs of addiction. Criteria for the
diagnosis of Addictive Disorder to Danger are proposed and discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record (c)
2017 APA, all rights reserved)
Unique Identifier
2010-25679-008
Title
Des conduites à risques aux assuétudes comportementales: Le trouble addictif au danger. / From risk-taking to
behavioural dependency: Addictive disorder to danger.
Publication Date
Dec 2010
Language
French
Author
Michel, G.; Bernadet, S.; Aubron, V.; Cazenave, N.
Email
Michel, G. gregory.michel@u-bordeaux2.fr
Michel, G.: EA 4139 "Sante et Qualite de vie", Laboratoire de Psychologie, Universite Victor-Segalen, Bordeaux
2, 3 ter, Place de la Victoire, Bordeaux, France, 33000, 2, gregory.michel@u-bordeaux2.fr
Affiliation
Michel, G. EA 4139 "Sante et Qualite de vie", Laboratoire de Psychologie, Universite Victor-
Segalen, Bordeaux, France
Bernadet, S. EA 4139 "Sante et Qualite de vie", Laboratoire de Psychologie, Universite Victor-
Aubron, V. EA 4139 "Sante et Qualite de vie", Laboratoire de Psychologie, Universite Victor-
Cazenave, N. EA 4156, Centre d’Etudes et de Recherches en Psychopathologie (CERPP),
Universite de Toulouse-Le-Mirail, Pavillon de la Recherche, Toulouse, France
Source
Psychologie Française, Vol 55(4), Dec 2010, 341-353.
ISSN
Publisher
Format Covered
Electronic
Publication Type
19/06/2018 PsycNET
Document Type
Journal Article

http://dx.doi-org.ez76.periodicos.capes.gov.br/10.1016/j.psfr.2010.07.003
Keywords
risk taking; behavioral dependency; addictive disorder; danger; disease diagnosis; sports
Index Terms
* Addiction; * Behavior; * Diagnosis; * Risk Taking; Dangerousness; Self-Regulation; Sports
3233 Substance Abuse & Addiction
Population Group
Human
Copyright
Holder: Société française de psychologie, published by Elsevier Masson SAS.
Year: 2010
Release Date
20110124 (PsycINFO)
Correction Date
20170803 (PsycINFO)

Ramowski, S. K., Nystrom, R. J., Rosenberg, K. D., Gilchrist, J., & Chaumeton, N. R. (2012). Health
risks of Oregon eighth-grade participants in the “choking game”: Results from a population-based
survey. Pediatrics, 129(5), 846-851.
http://dx.doi-org.ez76.periodicos.capes.gov.br/10.1542/peds.2011-2482
Abstract
Objective: To examine the risk behaviors associated with participation in the “choking game” by eighth-
graders in Oregon. Methods: We obtained data from the 2009 Oregon Healthy Teens survey, a cross-
sectional weighted survey of 5348 eighth-graders that questioned lifetime prevalence and frequency of
choking game participation. The survey also included questions about physical and mental health,
gambling, sexual activity, nutrition, physical activity/body image, exposure to violence, and substance
use. Results: Lifetime prevalence of choking game participation was 6.1% for Oregon eighth-graders,
with no differences between males and females. Of the eighth-grade choking game participants, 64%
had engaged in the activity more than once and 26.6% >5 times. Among males, black youth were more
likely to participate than white youth. Among both females and males, Pacific Islander youth were much
more likely to participate than white youth. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that sexual activity
and substance use were significantly associated with choking game participation for both males and
females. Conclusions: At >6%, the prevalence of choking game participation among Oregon youth is
19/06/2018 PsycNET
consistent with previous findings. However, we found that most of those who participate will put
themselves at risk more than once. Participants also have other associated health risk behaviors. The
comprehensive adolescent well visit, as recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics, is a
good opportunity for providers to conduct a health behavior risk assessment and, if appropriate, discuss
the dangers of engaging in this activity. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
Unique Identifier
2012-11884-018
Title
Health risks of Oregon eighth-grade participants in the “choking game”: Results from a population-based survey.
Publication Date
2012
Publication History
Accepted: Jan 10, 2012
Language
English
Author
Ramowski, Sarah K.; Nystrom, Robert J.; Rosenberg, Kenneth D.; Gilchrist, Julie; Chaumeton, Nigel R.
Email
Nystrom, Robert J. robert.j.nystrom@state.or.us
Nystrom, Robert J.: Oregon Public Health Division, 800 NE Oregon St, Suite 805, Portland, OR, US, 97232,
robert.j.nystrom@state.or.us
Affiliation
Ramowski, Sarah K. Oregon Health Authority, Public Health Division, Portland, OR, US
Nystrom, Robert J. Oregon Health Authority, Public Health Division, Portland, OR, US
Rosenberg, Kenneth D. Oregon Health Authority, Public Health Division, Portland, OR, US
Gilchrist, Julie Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention
and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, US
Chaumeton, Nigel R. Oregon Health Authority, Public Health Division, Portland, OR, US
Source
Pediatrics, Vol 129(5), 2012, 846-851.

Pediatrics
ISSN
PMID
22508913
Publisher
US: American Academy of Pediatrics
Format Covered
Electronic
Publication Type
Document Type
Journal Article
19/06/2018 PsycNET

http://dx.doi-org.ez76.periodicos.capes.gov.br/10.1542/peds.2011-2482
Keywords
health risks; choking game; mental health; pediatrics
Index Terms
* Health Behavior; * Mental Health; * Pediatrics; * Risk Taking; Self-Injurious Behavior
MeSH
Adolescent; Airway Obstruction; Brain; Brain Ischemia; Child; Comorbidity; Cross-Sectional Studies; Ethnic
Groups; Euphoria; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; Hypoxia, Brain; Male; Mental Disorders; Motivation;
Oregon; Play and Playthings; Risk-Taking; Sex Factors; Substance-Related Disorders
Population Group
Human; Male; Female
Age Group
Copyright
Holder: American Academy of Pediatrics
Year: 2012
Location
US
Methodology
Tests and Measures

Youth Risk Behavior Survey
Release Date
20120709 (PsycINFO)

Roma, P., Pazzelli, F., Pompili, M., Girardi, P., & Ferracuti, S. (2013). Shibari: Double hanging during
consensual sexual asphyxia. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 42(5), 895-900.
http://dx.doi-org.ez76.periodicos.capes.gov.br/10.1007/s10508-012-0035-3
Abstract
We describe a case of shibari, a double hanging sexual asphyxia practice, which ended fatally for one of
the two women involved. We present the autopsy findings and a psychiatric and psychometric evaluation
of the surviving participant. The survivor had a borderline personality disorder, had suffered sexual
abuse as a child, and had a history of illicit substance consumption, self-harm behavior, and sexual
dysregulation. This case study raises doubts regarding the safety measures adopted by participants in
masochistic practices and the engagement of people with psychiatric disorders in these extremely
dangerous games. Further case studies of living participants in such games are likely to shed light on
this practice and facilitate treatment. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved)
19/06/2018 PsycNET
Unique Identifier
2013-27150-013
Title
Shibari: Double hanging during consensual sexual asphyxia.
Publication Date
Jul 2013
Publication History
First Posting: Nov 28, 2012
Accepted: Aug 12, 2012
Revised: Aug 2, 2012
First Submitted: Dec 22, 2011
Language
English
Author
Roma, Paolo; Pazzelli, Floriana; Pompili, Maurizio; Girardi, Paolo; Ferracuti, Stefano
Author Identifier
Pompili, Maurizio http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1886-4977
Email
Roma, Paolo paolo.roma@uniroma1.it
Roma, Paolo: NESMOS Department (Neurosciences Mental Health and Sensory Organs) "Sapienza", Faculty of
Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome, Level 3, Room 113, Via di Grottarossa, Sant’Andrea Hospital
1035-1039, Rome, Italy, 00189, paolo.roma@uniroma1.it
Affiliation
Roma, Paolo NESMOS Department (Neurosciences Mental Health and Sensory Organs)
"Sapienza", Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, University of Rome, Rome, Italy
Pompili, Maurizio NESMOS Department (Neurosciences Mental Health and Sensory Organs)
Girardi, Paolo NESMOS Department (Neurosciences Mental Health and Sensory Organs)
Ferracuti, Stefano NESMOS Department (Neurosciences Mental Health and Sensory Organs)
Source
Archives of Sexual Behavior, Vol 42(5), Jul 2013, 895-900.

Arch Sex Behav
ISSN
PMID
23187701
Publisher
Germany: Springer
Format Covered
Electronic
Publication Type
Document Type
Journal Article
19/06/2018 PsycNET

Keywords
sexual asphyxia practice; autopsy; sexual abuse; borderline personality disorder; sexual dysregulation;
masochistic practices
Index Terms
* Borderline Personality Disorder; * Masochism; * Sexual Abuse; * Sexual Function Disturbances; Anoxia;
Autopsy
MeSH
Accidents; Adult; Asphyxia; Fatal Outcome; Female; Humans; Masochism; Paraphilic Disorders; Self-Injurious
Behavior; Sexual Behavior; Survivors
Population Group
Human; Female; Inpatient
Age Group
Adulthood (18 yrs & older); Young Adulthood (18-29 yrs)
Copyright
Holder: Springer Science+Business Media New York
Year: 2012
Location
Italy
Methodology
Brain Imaging; Clinical Case Study
Tests and Measures

Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory-III
Raven Progressive Matrices
Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis II Personality Disorders
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 http://dx.doi-org.ez76.periodicos.capes.gov.br/10.1037/t15120-
000
Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Axis I Disorders
WAIS-R (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised)
Release Date
20131014 (PsycINFO)

Document Type: Comment/Reply
Lee, E. M., Klement, K. R., & Sagarin, B. J. (2015). Double hanging during consensual sexual
asphyxia: A response to Roma, Pazzelli, Pompili, Girardi, and Ferracuti (2013). Archives of Sexual
Behavior, 44(7), 1751-1753.
Abstract
19/06/2018 PsycNET
Comments on an article by P. Roma et al. (see record 2013-27150-013 (record/2013-27150-013)). The

authors published a case study of a tragic event: A Bondage–Discipline/Dominance–
Submission/Sadism–Masochism (BDSM) scene that led to the death of one participant, the
hospitalization of a second, and the arrest of the third. The article contributes to a misunderstanding of
BDSM and its practitioners. Roma et al. correctly identified aesthetic and functional type of "rope
bondage," an activity falling under the physical restraint category of BDSM behaviors (Santilla,
Sandnabba, Alison, & Nordling, 2002). Rope bondage is an activity for which appropriate safety
measures can be taught and learned. Although Roma et al. accurately note the potential for drugs and
alcohol to impair judgment during BDSM activity, they did not mention that the BDSM community has
strong norms against drug and alcohol use. Thus, readers should be aware that safeguards exist within
the BDSM community designed to prevent such tragedies as the one observed in the case study, just as
safeguards exist within communities devoted to other potentially risky recreational activities such as
skiing or rock climbing. Given this, we believe it is inaccurate to characterize all BDSM activities as
extremely dangerous games.’’ Another problematic implication from the article is the characterization of
BDSM practitioners as pathological. Although Roma et al. asserted that the surviving victim showed
evidence of pathology, research suggests that this is the exception rather than the rule. For example,
Connolly ( 2006) compared BDSM practitioners to published norms on ten psychological pathologies.
Results revealed that, in comparison to non-BDSM practitioners, BDSM practitioners exhibited lower
levels of depression, anxiety, PTSD, psychological sadism, psychological masochism, borderline
pathology, and paranoia. Further, we would dispute the idea that if someone is diagnosed with a mental
disorder, then that individual necessarily would be unable to successfully engage in BDSM activities in a
safe and healthy manner. Finally, we concur with Roma et al. as to the importance of widespread sexual
education campaigns that could provide accurate information about BDSM so that people can learn how
to avoid engaging in unhealthy and unsafe BDSM. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights
reserved)
Unique Identifier
2015-41081-006
Title
Double hanging during consensual sexual asphyxia: A response to Roma, Pazzelli, Pompili, Girardi, and
Ferracuti (2013).
Publication Date
Oct 2015
Publication History
First Posting: Jun 16, 2015
Language
English
Author
Lee, Ellen M.; Klement, Kathryn R.; Sagarin, Brad J.
Email
Lee, Ellen M. EllenMorganLee@gmail.com
Lee, Ellen M.: Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, US, 60115,
EllenMorganLee@gmail.com
19/06/2018 PsycNET
Affiliation
Lee, Ellen M. Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, US
Klement, Kathryn R. Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, US
Sagarin, Brad J. Department of Psychology, Northern Illinois University, DeKalb, IL, US
Source
Archives of Sexual Behavior, Vol 44(7), Oct 2015, 1751-1753.

Arch Sex Behav
ISSN
PMID
26076926
Publisher
Germany: Springer
Format Covered
Electronic
Publication Type
Document Type
Comment/Reply

Keywords
sexual asphyxia practice; autopsy; sexual abuse; borderline personality disorder; sexual dysregulation;
masochistic practices
Index Terms
* Borderline Personality Disorder; * Masochism; * Sexual Abuse; * Sexual Function Disturbances; Anoxia;
Autopsy
MeSH
Accidents; Asphyxia; Female; Humans; Masochism; Paraphilic Disorders; Sexual Behavior
Population Group
Human
Copyright
Holder: Springer Science+Business Media New York
Year: 2015
Release Date
20160418 (PsycINFO)

Toblin, R. L., Paulozzi, L. J., Gilchrist, J., & Russell, P. J. (2008). Unintentional strangulation deaths
from the "choking game" among youths aged 6-19 years--United States, 1995-2007. Journal of
Safety Research, 39(4), 445-448.
19/06/2018 PsycNET
http://dx.doi-org.ez76.periodicos.capes.gov.br/10.1016/j.jsr.2008.06.002
Abstract
The "choking game" is defined as self-strangulation or strangulation by another person with the hands or
a noose to achieve a brief euphoric state caused by cerebral hypoxia. Participants in this activity typically
are youths (Andrew & Fallon, 2007). Serious neurologic injury or death can result from engaging in this
activity. Recent news media reports have described numerous deaths among youths attributed to the
choking game. Because no traditional public health dataset collects data on this practice, CDC used
news media reports to estimate the incidence of deaths from the choking game. This report describes
the results of that analysis, which identified 82 probable choking-game deaths among youths aged 6-19
years during 1995-2007. Seventy-one (86.6%) of the decedents were male, and the mean age was 13.3
years. Parents, educators, and health-care providers should become familiar with warning signs that
youths are playing the choking game (Urkin & Merrick, 2006). Impact of industry: By learning about the
risk factors for and warning signs of the choking game, parents, educators, and health-care providers
may be able to identify youth at risk for playing the game and prevent future deaths. (PsycINFO
Unique Identifier
2008-13188-014
Title
Unintentional strangulation deaths from the "choking game" among youths aged 6-19 years--United States,
1995-2007.
Publication Date
2008
Language
English
Author
Toblin, Robin L.; Paulozzi, Leonard J.; Gilchrist, Julie; Russell, Patricia J.
Email
Toblin, Robin L. rtoblin@cdc.gov
Toblin, Robin L.: rtoblin@cdc.gov
Affiliation
Toblin, Robin L. Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention
Paulozzi, Leonard J. Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention
Gilchrist, Julie Division of Unintentional Injury Prevention, National Center for Injury Prevention
Russell, Patricia J. MultiCare Health System, Tacoma, WA, US
Source
Journal of Safety Research, Vol 39(4), 2008, 445-448.

J Safety Res
ISSN
0022-4375 (Print)
19/06/2018 PsycNET
PMID
18786433
Publisher
Format Covered
Electronic
Publication Type
Document Type
Journal Article

http://dx.doi-org.ez76.periodicos.capes.gov.br/10.1016/j.jsr.2008.06.002
Keywords
US; neurologic injury; severity; risk factors; choking games
Index Terms
* Injuries; * Severity (Disorders); Warnings
3290 Physical & Somatoform & Psychogenic Disorders; 4090 Transportation
MeSH
Accidents; Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Adult; Age Factors; Asphyxia; Centers for Disease Control and
Prevention (U.S.); Child; Female; Health Surveys; Humans; Male; Risk-Taking; Self-Injurious Behavior; United
States
Population Group
Human; Male; Female
Age Group
Childhood (birth-12 yrs); School Age (6-12 yrs); Adolescence (13-17 yrs); Adulthood (18 yrs & older); Young
Adulthood (18-29 yrs)
Location
US
Methodology
Release Date
20081013 (PsycINFO)
© 2018 American Psychological Association.

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Open URL: http://gateway-proquest.ez76.periodicos.capes.gov.br/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-

Advisor(s): Steven O'Brien

Degree: Psy.D., 2015

Institution: Argosy University, Tampa

Ibrahim, Alexandra P. Hawaii State Department of Health, Honolulu, HI, US

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The findings of French descriptive study]. Neuropsychiatrie de l'Enfance et de l'Adolescence, 63(8),

Andronikof, A. Laboratoire "IPSe–Psychopathologie de L’identite, de la Pensee et Processus de

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Issues in Mental Health Nursing, Vol 30(11), 2009, 659.

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choking game; research initiatives; boys

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Giggie, M. A. (2010). Psychological autopsy in children and adolescents. In E. P. Benedek, P. Ash,

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