Nfpa 101

Koffel Associates, Inc.
NFPA 101® HOUSEKEEPING

LIFE SAFETY CODE®
2012 Edition Update
• Fire Alarm/Exits
22nd Annual Chesapeake Region Safety Council
• Breaks/Lunch
Conference and Expo • Pagers & Cell Phones
• Questions
Sharon Gilyeat, Principal
www.koffel.com sgilyeat@koffel.com
Expertly Engineering Safety From Fire
3 4
INTRODUCTION AUDIENCE
Introduction • Experience using?

• Category of user?
Goals
 LSC Basics • Occupancies?
 Why this Code is important • Previous training?
 Scope
 Significant Updates
NFPA 101®
5
AGENDA
LIFE SAFETY CODE®
• Basics/Use
2012 Edition
• Who uses this Code
• Core Chapters
• Occupancy Chapters General Requirements
• Special Structures
Module 1-6
• Building Rehabilitation
Proprietary Presentation by Koffel Associates, Inc. 1

CODE ORGANIZATION LSC CONCEPTS

• Occupancy Chapters
• Core chapters apply but occupancy chapters
 Chapters 12 - 42
override
• Core Chapters • Existing and new requirements
 Chapters 1 - 10 • Level of protection cannot be diminished
• Special Structures – Chapter 11 • Buildings and occupancies
• Rehabilitation – Chapter 43 • Multiple occupancies
• Annexes • AHJ
 Annex A - C • Building and Fire Codes
ANNEX B SUPPLEMENTAL EVACUATION EQUIPMENT CHAPTER 1
• Administration
No Changes
CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 2
• Referenced Documents referenced in this Code, either in

Publications whole or part are considered part of this Code
 Applied to Extent  Only to the extent called for;
Called for in the Code i.e. NFPA 10
 Application to Existing  Differing requirements - 101 rules
Buildings Limited  Existing nonconforming conditions may continue
o Do not pose a serious hazard

CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 2
• NFPA 92 Smoke Control Systems

• NFPA 289 Fire Test – Individual Fuel Packages • Standard practice for specifying preparation &
• NFPA 720 Carbon monoxide mounting … to assess surface burning characteristics
• ANSI/BHMA A156.3 Exit devices • ASTM E2404 textiles, paper or vinyl
• ASTM E1354 Test Method – heat & visible • ASTM E 2573 site fabricated stretch systems
smoke release rates • ASTM E 2599 reflective insulation & radiant barrier
materials
Module 1-13
CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 3 - DEFINITIONS
• ANSI/UL 305 Safety panic hardware

• ANSI/UL 1315 Metal waste paper containers
• Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary
CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 3
• Gross floor area – Elevators and shafts for • Building Code

building services not included
• Fire Code
• Normally unoccupied building service
equipment support area – areas for routing
ductwork, cables, or conduit & rarely visited by Annex note: where none is adopted NFPA 5000
persons and NFPA 1 should be used.

CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 3
• Contents & furnishings – Elevators and shafts • Noncombustible Material

for building services not included
 Will not ignite, burn, support combustion or
• Limited Combustible Material release flammable vapors, or
• Not NC & ≤3,500Btu/lb NFPA 259, and
 ASTM E 136, or
• can be either sheetrock or FSI ≤25
 ASTM E 2652 (E 136 P/F criteria)
CHAPTER 3 CHAPTER 3
• Healthcare Occupancies • Parking structure

Occupants of health care occupancies typically have
physical or mental illness, disease, or infirmity. They • Assisted mechanical type
also include infants, convalescents, or infirm aged • Automated type
persons.
• Enclosed
Use of wheel chairs, walkers, canes or crutches is not the same as • Open
incapable of self preservation. • Ramp type
STORIES IN HEIGHT CHAPTER 4
General

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FEATURES OBVIOUS TO THE PUBLIC
• AHJ can require 3rd party review
• 3rd party to provide evaluation and any

recommend changes to design/evaluation
Annex note expanded to clarify
• AHJ may require stamp of registered items such as dampers can be
made inoperative and left in
design professional place.
CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER 6
 Mixed Occupancies (2009 wording)

• Occupancy Classification &
Hazard of Contents
The means of egress facilities, construction type,
protection, and other safeguards in the building shall
comply with the most restrictive fire and life safety
requirements of the occupancies involved.
CHAPTER 6 CHAPTER 7
Mixed Occupancies (2012 wording)

Means of Egress
 The building shall comply with the most restrictive
requirements of the occupancies involved, unless
separate safeguards are approved.
 Assembly & Business - Evaluate CPT individually

MEANS OF EGRESS RELIABILITY EXIT ENCLOSURE
Short duration obstructions
 Awareness training
 Mitigation procedures
Supporting construction ≥1high-rise - New
EXIT ENCLOSURE PENETRATIONS FORCES TO OPEN A DOOR
Protected membrane penetrations on exit

access side permitted
FORCES TO OPEN A DOOR ELECTRIC CONTROLLED DOOR LOCKS
Do not apply to listed fire door assemblies  Door assemblies in the means of egress
after exposure to elevated temperatures in shall be permitted to be electrically locked
accordance with listing if equipped with …
 New locks = UL 294 Standard for Access

Controlled Systems Units

ONE RELEASING OPERATION RELEASING OPERATIONS
 2 permitted for existing hardware
 OL ≤3
 Does not require simultaneous operation
PANIC /FIRE EXIT HARDWARE NON-EGRESS REVOLVING DOORS
New Hardware
• ANSI/UL 305 Standard for

Safety Panic Hardware
• ANSI/BHMA A156.3 Exit

Devices Collapsing force ≤180 lbf applied at a point 3 in. from the
outer edge of the outer wing stile and 40 in. above the
floor.
41
INSPECTION OF DOORS DOOR INSPECTION
• Doors tested not less than annually

• w/panic/fire exit hardware
• w/special locking
• w/electrically controlled locks
• in exit enclosures
• Fire doors per NFPA 80

• Smoke doors per NFPA 105

TREADS AND RISERS - VARIATIONS MEASUREMENT
• New - 3/16 in.

• adjoining risers
• adjoining treads
• Existing
• adjoining risers 3/16 in.
• adjoining treads 3/8 in.
• “Crouch and sight” field test
STAIR PERIMETER MARKING SMOKEPROOF ENCLOSURES
• Within exit enclosures • Clarifies enclosure to the

• Expanded to a wall LED
• Emergency exit symbol 4 in. in height
• Clarifies stairs below
• ASTM E 2072, Specification for LED can be excluded if
Photoluminescent (Phosphorescent) Safety separated
Markings
• Illumination levels & lighting control device • Permits discharge into
restrictions the LED
48
TRAVEL DISTANCE @ STAIRS EXIT DISCHARGE - 50% RULE
Annex note – still an exit

49
INTERRUPTION AT LED ILLUMINATION OF MEANS OF EGRESS
Switch controller(s)
• Listed
Ramps now included
• Evaluated for this
purpose
• Activated by fire alarm
system if provided
NORMALLY UNOCCUPIED AREAS CHAPTER 8
• Hard classification Features of Fire Protection

• Egress doors
• Egress paths
• Illumination
• Number of means of egress
54
2-STORY OPENINGS ALCOHOL BASED HAND DISPENSERS

AS & draft
stop • Capacities
• Separation distances
• Maximum quantities
• Operation requirements

CHAPTER 9 DETECTION, ALARM, AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS
Building Service & Fire Protection

Equipment
SYSTEM PROTECTION FIRE EXTINGUISHERS
• In new, if not continuously occupied
• Smoke detection required Selected,

• Fire alarm control unit installed,
• Notification appliance current power inspected, &
extender maintained
• Supervising station transmitting per NFPA 10
equipment
SPRINKLER SUPERVISION CARBON MONOXIDE
NFPA 720 Standard for the Installation of

Carbon Monoxide (CO) Detection and
Warning Equipment

CHAPTER 10 CONTAINERS
• Interior Finish • Newly introduced containers for

rubbish, waste or linen ≥20 gal
• Contents & Furnishings capacity
• Lids required
• Noncombustible, or
• Peak rate of heat release ≤300
kW/m2 - ASTM E1354 or NFPA
271
CONTAINERS CHAPTER 11
Special Structures
• Newly introduced metal waste baskets
or metal containers for rubbish, waste and
or linen ≥20 gal capacity High-Rise Buildings
• Lids required
• Meet UL 1315
HIGH-RISE BUILDING TENTS
• Standby power connected to the following:

• Jockey pump
Smoking prohibited – posting required
• Air compressor serving dry pipe and pre-action
systems

OCCUPANCY CHAPTER - REFORMAT OCCUPANCY CHAPTER - REFORMAT

XX.2.4 Number of Exits Means of Egress.
XX.1.1.2 Administration. The provisions of Chapter 1
Administration shall apply. XX.2.4.1 The number of means of egress shall be in
accordance with Section 7.4.
XX.1.1.3 General. The provisions of Chapter 4 General
shall apply. XX.2.4.2 Not less than two separate exits shall be as
follows:
XX.1.4.1 General. For definitions, see Chapter 3 (1) Provided on every story
Definitions. (2) Accessible from every part of every story
and mezzanine; however, exit access
travel shall be permitted to be common
for the distance permitted as common
path of travel by XX.2.5
70
ASSEMBLY OCCUPANCIES STAGES AND PLATFORMS
Handrail
• Center
• 1 side only
Guard – not required

• ≤ 42 in. and
• Sightline issues
AISLE STAIRS & RAMPS SPRINKLERS
Height between landing requirements of (a) Bars with live entertainment

Chapter 7 are not applicable (b) Dance halls
(c) Discotheques
(d) Nightclubs
(e) Assembly occupancies with festival seating

74
SPRINKLERS STAGES AND PLATFORMS
• Stadia & arenas (under the roof)

• Over contest, performance, Combustible construction
allowed
entertainment areas
• Roof is >50 ft Combustible scenery
• Low hazard contents • NFPA 701
• NFPA 289
• Over seating areas
• Low hazard contents
75
EXHIBITION HALLS
EDUCATIONAL
NFPA 289
77 78
CORRIDORS WINDOWS FOR RESCUE
Another Option in Existing

 Lavatories not separated
from corridors provided
both criteria are met:
• Supervised sprinkler
system
• Smoke partition walls
separate the lavatory
from other rooms

EMERGENCY FORCES NOTIFICATION DAY CARE
Required to be automatic
when the fire alarm
system is replaced
MULTIPLE OCCUPANCIES MULTIPLE OCCUPANCIES
Where the mixed occupancies provisions of 6.1.14.3 are

16.1.2 Multiple Occupancies. utilized, the provisions of 16.1.2.2.1 and 16.1.2.2.2 shall
also apply.
16.1.2.1 Multiple occupancies shall be in accordance with
6.1.14. 16.1.2.2.1 General. The day-care occupancy shall be
separated from the other occupancies by not less than 1-
16.1.2.2.2 Day-Care Occupancies in Apartment Buildings… hour fire resistance–rated barriers constructed in
accordance with Section 8.3.
84
DOOR LATCHES DAY-CARE HOMES
Every door latch to closets, storage areas,

kitchens and other similar spaces or areas
shall be such that clients can open the door
from inside the closet space or area.

85
MEANS OF ESCAPE CARBON MONOXIDE
• Story above the LED  Install in new if client sleeping and

 Door to outside • Fuel fired equipment present
• Attached enclosed garage
 Door to outside stair
 Where
 ½-high-rise interior stair
• Outside of each separate dwelling unit sleeping area
in the immediate vicinity of the bedrooms
• Story below the LED
 Any of the above • On every occupiable level of a dwelling unit,
including basements, excluding attics and crawl
 Bulkhead enclosure spaces
EMERGENCY FORCES NOTIFICATION HEALTH CARE
when the fire alarm
system is replaced
MULTIPLE OCCUPANCIES CONTIGUOUS NON-HC OCCUPANCY
• Sections of health care facilities permitted to • Sections of health care facilities permitted to
be classified as other occupancies be classified as other occupancies
• Same - ≥ 4 inpatients & 2-high-rise • AHC as in the past

separation • AHC – diagnostic & treatment of inpatients
capable of self preservation

CONSTRUCTION TABLES LOCKING
• New footnote • Provisions shall be made for the rapid removal

of occupants by means of one of the following:
• The total number of stories of the building shall
be determined as follows: • Remote control of locks from w/in the
locked smoke compartment
• Start w/LED - end w/highest occupiable
• Keying of all locks to keys carried by staff at
story of the building.
all times
• Stories below LED not be counted
• Other reliable means available to the staff at
• Interstitial spaces not considered a separate
all times
story
• Mezzanines not counted as a story
93 94
CORRIDOR WIDTH-HEALTH CARE SUITE ARRANGEMENT
• Access to a corridor or
horizontal exit directly
from the suite
• Where ≥2 exit access

doors are required, one
can be an exit
Sleeping and Non-sleeping
Major Revisions
95 96
SUITES - MAXIMUM SIZE EGRESS MARKING
• Sleeping rooms
 5,000 ft2 existing Access to exits within rooms or sleeping suites
 7,500 ft2 shall not be required to be marked where staff is
 10,00 ft2 responsible for relocating or evacuating
occupants
• Non-sleeping
 10,000 ft2

97
COOKING EQUIPMENT ALCOHOL HAND DISPENSERS
• Food prep open to corridor • Adds aerosol ≤18oz
• ≤ 30 beds • ≤10 gal per smoke compartment

• Smoke compartment separated by smoke barrier
• Hood • Excludes in-room dispensers
• Suppression
• Fire extinguisher
• ≤95% alcohol content by volume
• Prohibits deep fat fryers & solid fuel
100
SPRINKLERS ROLLER LATCH
• Omitted in patient sleeping room clothes • Permitted for acute

closets psychiatric settings where
patient special clinical needs
require specialized protective
• ≤6 ft2 measures for their safety
• Room sprinkler reaches back wall of • Roller latch capable of

closet keeping the door fully closed
if a force of 5 lbf applied at
the latch edge the door
HEATING APPLIANCES COMBUSTIBLE DECORATIONS
• Direct vent gas fireplaces permitted • Flame retardant, NFPA 701, & 289
within smoke compartment containing
patient sleeping • Photos, paintings, & other artwork
• 20% w/o AS
• Solid fuel burning fireplaces permitted • 30% w/ AS
outside compartment • 50% w/AS - ≤ 4 persons sleeping room

RECYCLING CONTAINERS AMBULATORY HEALTH CARE
• Exempt from 32 gal & 0.5 ft2
• Clean waste or patient records

• ≤96 gal
• >96 gal – hazardous area
• If hazardous area – no limits
NUMBER OF MEANS OF EGRESS ALCOHOL HAND DISPENSERS
Any patient care room and any patient care • Adds aerosol ≤18oz
suite of rooms of more than 2500 ft2 shall
have not less than two exit access doors • ≤10 gal per smoke compartment
remotely located from each other.
• Excludes in-room dispensers
• ≤95% alcohol content by volume
COMBUSTIBLE DECORATIONS DETENTION/CORRECTIONAL
• Adds NFPA 701
• Adds NFPA 289

EMERGENCY POWER LOCKUP FACILITIES
The fire department with responsibility to

Emergency lighting
performance requirements
respond to a building that contains a lock-
used for power operated up shall be notified of the presence of the
locks and doors copied lock-up
into Chapter
111
LODGING & ROOMING HOUSES CARBON MONOXIDE
• In new if
• Fuel burning appliance
• Attached garage
• Open garage or mechanically ventilated
• Where
• Outside of each separate dwelling unit sleeping area
in the immediate vicinity of the bedrooms
• On every occupiable level of a dwelling unit,

including basements, excluding attics and crawl
spaces
113
HOTELS & DORMITORIES CARBON MONOXIDE
• In new if
• Attached garage
• Where
• Outside of each guest room or guest suite in the
immediate vicinity of the bedrooms
• On every occupiable level of a guest room or guest

suite

CARBON MONOXIDE DRILLS IN DORMITORIES
• Outside the guest room or suite as follows: • Egress and relocation drills
• Ceiling of room containing fuel-burning appliance
• Held with sufficient frequency to familiarize occupants
with all types of hazards to establish conduct of the drill
• Within occupiable space served by the 1st supply air
as a matter of routine
HVAC register
• Drills shall be conducted during peak occupancy periods
• Within occupiable spaces adjacent to a
and shall include suitable procedures to ensure that all
communicating attached garage
persons subject to the drill participate
118
EMERGENCY FORCES NOTIFICATION APARTMENT BUILDINGS
when the fire alarm
system is replaced
CARBON MONOXIDE CARBON MONOXIDE
• In new if • Outside the guest room or suite as follows:

• Ceiling of room containing fuel-burning appliance
• Attached garage
• Within occupiable space served by the 1st supply air
• Where HVAC register
• Outside of each dwelling unit sleeping areas in the
• Within occupiable spaces adjacent to a
immediate vicinity of the bedrooms
communicating attached garage
• On every occupiable level of the dwelling unit

EXISTING SINGLE EXIT RESIDENTIAL BOARD AND CARE
Maximum of 3 stories in height
• Exit stairway does not serve more than one-half of a

story below LED
• The travel distance from the entrance door of any
dwelling unit to an exit does not exceed 35 ft
• 1-hour exit stairway
• ½-hour corridors
• ≥½-hour unit separation
RESIDENTIAL BOARD AND CARE MERCANTILE
• Sprinkler Clarifications
• Some Clarification on protection features
INTERIOR FINISH HIGH RISE
Class C now permitted

Now required to meet all high-rise
requirements not just sprinklers

MALL BUILDINGS BUSINESS OCCUPANCIES
Each individual major tenant of a mall

building shall have a maximum minimum of
one-half of its means of egress independent
of the mall.
EXISTING SINGLE EXIT EXISTING BUSINESS
• Single-tenant space/building
Fire alarm to automatically notify
emergency forces when system is replaced
• ≤3 stories in height
• ≤OL 15 people per floor,
• Supervised automatic sprinkler system
& smoke detection throughout
• Travel to the outside ≤100 ft
INDUSTRIAL CHANGE OF SUB-CLASSIFICATION
Changing from one sub-classification of

industrial occupancy to another shall
comply with Chapter 43

HIGH RISE STORAGE
• Now required to meet all high-rise

• Standby power for jockey pumps, and air

compressors serving dry pipe and pre-
action systems shall not apply
HIGH RISE OPEN PARKING STRUCTURE
• Now required to meet all high-rise • 1.4 ft2 per linear foot
• 40% of perimeter or all on 2 sides
• Interior walls 20% open
CHAPTER 43 RECONSTRUCTION
Adds marking of the means of egress to

Building Rehabilitation illumination and emergency lighting

CHANGE OF USE CHANGE OF OCCUPANCY
• New hazardous areas • Assembly Occupancies

• Equal or lesser hazard
• Rooms <250 ft2 • Chapter 13
• Supervised automatic sprinkler system • Chapter 12
• Smoke partition enclosed • extinguishment
• fire alarm
• hazardous areas
• main entrance/exit
QUESTIONS AND DISCUSSION
Expertly Engineering Safety From Fire

Nfpa 101

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Koffel Associates, Inc.

NFPA 101® HOUSEKEEPING

Expertly Engineering Safety From Fire

Introduction • Experience using?

Proprietary Presentation by Koffel Associates, Inc. 1

CODE ORGANIZATION LSC CONCEPTS

ANNEX B SUPPLEMENTAL EVACUATION EQUIPMENT CHAPTER 1

• Referenced Documents referenced in this Code, either in

Proprietary Presentation by Koffel Associates, Inc. 2

• NFPA 92 Smoke Control Systems

CHAPTER 2 CHAPTER 3 - DEFINITIONS

• ANSI/UL 305 Safety panic hardware

• Gross floor area – Elevators and shafts for • Building Code

Proprietary Presentation by Koffel Associates, Inc. 3

• Contents & furnishings – Elevators and shafts • Noncombustible Material

• Healthcare Occupancies • Parking structure

STORIES IN HEIGHT CHAPTER 4

Proprietary Presentation by Koffel Associates, Inc. 4

TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE FEATURES OBVIOUS TO THE PUBLIC

• AHJ can require 3rd party review

• 3rd party to provide evaluation and any

 Mixed Occupancies (2009 wording)

Mixed Occupancies (2012 wording)

 Assembly & Business - Evaluate CPT individually

Proprietary Presentation by Koffel Associates, Inc. 5

MEANS OF EGRESS RELIABILITY EXIT ENCLOSURE

Short duration obstructions

Supporting construction ≥1high-rise - New

EXIT ENCLOSURE PENETRATIONS FORCES TO OPEN A DOOR

Protected membrane penetrations on exit

FORCES TO OPEN A DOOR ELECTRIC CONTROLLED DOOR LOCKS

 New locks = UL 294 Standard for Access

Proprietary Presentation by Koffel Associates, Inc. 6

ONE RELEASING OPERATION RELEASING OPERATIONS

 2 permitted for existing hardware

 Does not require simultaneous operation

PANIC /FIRE EXIT HARDWARE NON-EGRESS REVOLVING DOORS

• ANSI/UL 305 Standard for

• ANSI/BHMA A156.3 Exit

INSPECTION OF DOORS DOOR INSPECTION

• Doors tested not less than annually

• Fire doors per NFPA 80

Proprietary Presentation by Koffel Associates, Inc. 7

TREADS AND RISERS - VARIATIONS MEASUREMENT

• New - 3/16 in.

• “Crouch and sight” field test

STAIR PERIMETER MARKING SMOKEPROOF ENCLOSURES

• Within exit enclosures • Clarifies enclosure to the

TRAVEL DISTANCE @ STAIRS EXIT DISCHARGE - 50% RULE

Annex note – still an exit

Proprietary Presentation by Koffel Associates, Inc. 8

INTERRUPTION AT LED ILLUMINATION OF MEANS OF EGRESS

NORMALLY UNOCCUPIED AREAS CHAPTER 8

• Hard classification Features of Fire Protection

2-STORY OPENINGS ALCOHOL BASED HAND DISPENSERS

Proprietary Presentation by Koffel Associates, Inc. 9

CHAPTER 9 DETECTION, ALARM, AND COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEMS

Building Service & Fire Protection

SYSTEM PROTECTION FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

• In new, if not continuously occupied

• Smoke detection required Selected,

SPRINKLER SUPERVISION CARBON MONOXIDE

NFPA 720 Standard for the Installation of