Please read the instructions carefully

General Instructions:

1. Total duration of examination is 120 minutes.

2. This question paper consists of 2 sections, General Questions section for 40 marks and
the Problems Specific section for 60 marks. Both these sections are compulsory.
3. The General Questions section consists of 20 questions. Each carries 2 marks.
4. The Problems Specific section consists of 20 questions. Each carries 3 marks

PART-A
1) As the temperature increases, the efficiency of PV cell will
(a) improve (b) decrease (c) increase (d) remain unchanged

2) As the temperature increases

(a) the open circuit voltage value increases
(b) the peak power of PV cell increases
(c) the short circuit current value decreases
(d) the short circuit current value increases

3) Photovoltaic cells are sensitive to

(a) infra red portion of solar spectrum
(b) visible light portion of solar spectrum
(c) ultra violet light portion of solar spectrum
(d) RF portion of the solar spectrum

4) A photovoltaic panel has four modules connected in series, each module having an open-circuit voltage
(Voc ) of 10V and short-circuit current (Isc ) of 2A. What should be the voltage axis intercept of the I-V
characteristics of the series system?
(a) 10 V (b) 8 V (c) 40 V (d) 80 V

5) In a EE core, in each limb there is a winding as shown in the figure. Each winding is connected to a
source. Then which of the following statement is correct regarding the sources

(a) All three source can be voltage source

(b) All three source can be current source
(c)Two can be voltage sources & one can be current source
(d) Only one can be voltage source
6) In a grid connected application, in order to inject power at unity power factor into the grid, which of
the following is done?
(a) q-axis component of grid current reference (Iq*) is set to zero
(b) d-axis component of grid current’s reference (Id*) is obtained from MPPT block
(c) d-axis of the synchronously rotating frame is aligned with the grid voltage space vector
(d) DC-DC converter is interfaced between PV panel and inverter

7) Which of the following is appropriate for SLI batteries ?

(a) They can be used for longer period
(b)They can give immense amount of power but for a very short amount of time
(c) They can give immense amount of power for a very long time
(d) They have very low power density but very high energy density

8) Depth of discharge for Li-polymer batteries is

(a) 20 % (b) 30 % (c) < 50% (d) > 50%

9) Suppose that a boost converter is connected as an interface between PV panels and a DC bus for MPPT
and the operating point is at peak power point. Now if the insolation reduces, then
(a) Duty ratio of converter is to be decreased
(b) Duty ratio of converter is to be increased
(c) Load on the converter is to be decreased
(d) Load on the converter is to be increased

10) A lead-acid battery & a Li-Po battery are supposed to supply current to a common load. Then one
(a) should connect the batteries in series (b) should connect the batteries in parallel
(c) should not use batteries of different types (d) should use charge equalization
11) The I-V characteristics at the terminal of a source is given below. At point ’a’

(a) dP/dV > 0 (b) dP/dV < 0 (c) dP/dV = 0 (d) dP/dV <= 0

12) Nusselt number is a

(a) fluid flow measure (b) dimensionless quantity
(c) characteristic dimension (d) thermal impedance

13) Heat transfer process through solids is called

(a) conduction (b) convection (c) radiation (d) mass transport

14) Capacitor bank is connected to the terminals of a standalone induction generator (IG)
(a) To supply magnetizing current to IG
(b) To keep IG frequency constant
(c) To improve transient stability of IG
(d) To maintain the voltage constant

15) Heat transfer process without any medium is called

(a) conduction (b) convection (c) radiation (d) mass transport
16) The value of solar constant is approximately:
(a) 1 kW/m2 (b) 1.37 kW/m2 (c) 1 kWh/m2 (d) 1.37 kWh/m2

17) On what day approximately the sun will be overhead (noon) at a place located on the latitude 8.57 deg
(a) March 12 (b) April 12 (c) May 12 (d) June 12

18) At sunset and sunrise, the zenith angle is

(a) 0 deg (b) 90 deg (c) 180 deg (d) 45 deg

19) The length of the day will be approximately 12 hours on

(a) Equator (b) When the angle of declination is zero
(c) When the angle of declination is +/- 23.5 deg (d) Both a and b

20) At a given point on earth located on the 30 deg. latitude line, if the solar declination is −20 deg and
the hour angle is 45 deg, then the zenith angle is:
(a) 44.85 deg (b) 66.15 deg (c) 23.85 deg (d) 45.5 deg

PART-B
1) Few photovoltaic modules are connected in series-parallel configuration as shown in the figure below.
Each module has an I-V characteristic having the x-axis intercept as 31V and the y-axis intercept as 4.2A.
The short circuit current for the series-parallel system shown is

(a) 4.2 A (b) 8.4 A (c) 12.6 A (d) 25.2 A

2) For the photovoltaic module configuration shown in Figure.1, the open circuit voltage for the series-
parallel system is
(a) 93 V (b) 31 V (c) 62 V (d) 186 V

3) Two dissimilar PV cells are connected in parallel (no protection diodes are incorporated). Let the open-
circuit voltage and short-circuit current of one cell be 10V and 2A respectively. Let the open-circuit
voltage and short-circuit current of the other cell be 12V and 3A respectively. If Voc and Isc represent the
open-circuit voltage and short-circuit current of parallel cell combination, then
(a) Voc < 10V (b) Voc >12V (c) Voc = 10V (d) 10V<Voc<12V
4) A battery having a voltage of 48V is in series with a 10 ohm resistance. Across the terminals of this
series system, a load Ro is connected. Maximum power is transferred to Ro when
(a) 10 ohms (b) 20 ohms (c) 5 ohms (d) 24 ohms

5) V1 and V2 are two voltage sources having voltages 11V and 13V respectively. The series resistance of
each source is 0.25 ohms. The circulating current is

(a) 8 A (b) 4 A (c) 2 A (d) 24 A

6) A PV panel has an open circuit voltage of 40V and a short circuit current of 8A at 25 deg C. The
temperature has become 40 deg C. Each p-n junction develops an open circuit potential of 0.6V and it
decreases by 2mV for every degree increase in temperature. The open circuit voltage is now
approximately,
(a) 38 V (b) 39.95 V (c) 40.05 V (d) 42 V

7) Consider a 24V battery with a 10 ohm series resistance. This battery-resistance combination is required
to emulate a PV cell. The peak power that can be delivered is
(a) 120W (b) 3.6W (c) 14.4W (d) 240 W

8) A PV panel having an area of 1.5m2, gives the following readings under standard test conditions. The
short circuit current is 8A, the open circuit voltage is 40V, the voltage at peak power is 36.5V and the
current at peak power is 7A. The fill factor of the PV panel is found to be 0.72. The efficiency of the
panel is
(a) 17% (b) 25.5% (c) 72% (d) 16.2%

9) If the following circuit is used to test the maximum power point algorithm, then at maximum power
point, the voltage at the load will be

(a) V (b) V/2 (c) Depends on load (d) Depends on Rs

10) Consider an application where 4 batteries of 12V each are to be connected in series to achieve a 48V
dc bus. If a resistive charge equalization circuit is employed, then what is the loss in the charge
equalization circuit if 1k ohms is applied across each battery.
(a) 0.576 (b) 0.144 (c) 4.8 (d) 0.48

11) Four batteries each of 12V nominal are connected in series. A charge pump based equalization circuit
is employed. The reservoir capacitor voltage can be
(a) 96V (b) 72V (c) 48V (d) 36V
12) For a particular application, the watt hour requirement is 500Wh. Select a battery with a nominal
voltage of 12V and DoD of 50%. If the energy efficiency of the battery is 70%, then calculate the
capacity of the battery.
(a) 119 Ah (b) 15 Ah (c) 58 Ah (d) 30 Ah

13) Consider a PV application operated using tubular lead acid battery. The nominal voltage of the battery
is 24V. The battery has a DoD of 80% and energy efficiency of 70% . Let the load energy requirement
during sunlight hours be 560Wh and that at night be 1120Wh. If the number of days of autonomy is 0,
then the energy that the battery is required to supply is
(a) 1400 Wh (b) 1600 Wh (c) 1680Wh (d) 2160Wh

14) The solar declination angle on August 30, 1989 is

(a) 21.86 deg (b) -21.86 deg (c) 8.1 deg (d) 23.45 deg

15) Match the following for discharging conditions of direct PV array connected to load

a) g) p)

b) h) q)
(i)a-h-p (ii)b-g-q (iii) a-h-q (iv) b-g-p

16) Consider a PV application operated using tubular lead acid battery. The nominal voltage of the battery
is 24V. The battery has a DoD of 80% and energy efficiency of 70% . Let the load energy requirement
during sunlight hours be 560Wh and that at night be 1120Wh. If the number of days of autonomy is 0,
then the watt-hour required from the PV is
(a) 1400 Wh (b) 1600 Wh (c) 1680Wh (d) 2160Wh

17) Consider the daily energy incident on the last day of the year, at a specific location on the 10 deg.
latitude line. What is the tilt factor without considering atmospheric effects, if the collector is tilted at an
angle that is same as the latitude?
(a) 8.6746 (b) 1.1439 (c) 9.9232 (d) 1.4958

18) At sunset and sunrise, the air mass index is

(a) 0 (b) 1.5 (c) 38 (d) infinity
19) A buck converter is operated with the following specifications: Input voltage = 36V and
output voltage = 9V. If the average value of current through the diode is 0.375A, then
the input resistance of the converter is
(a) 96 (b) 288 (c) 384 (d) 144

20) A buck converter is operated with the following specifications: Input voltage = 36V and
output voltage = 9V. If the average value of current through the diode is 0.375A, the average value of
inductor current is
(a) 0.125A (b) 0.375A (c) 0.5A (d) 0.6A

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