Digna Rita (F52212027)

2014 RESEARCH ON TEFL FINAL EXAM

1. How do you find an interesting, unique, important, contributive, and meaningful topic
to conduct in a research?
2. Write a model for no: 1 as a title of your research!
3. What should you write in a research background? (What should be covered and why?)
4. Write a model of your background (related to your title no:2) only for the first
paragraph of your background!
5. Research problem and research question are different. Why? How do you state your res
earch questions, then?
6. Write a model of your research questions (see title no:2)!
7. Is terminology the same as definition? Why or why not? Then, What should be written
in Terminology?
8. Write a model of your terminology (see title no:2)
Integrating Language Skills

The word integrate refers to “to combine two or more things so that they work together”
(Hornby, 2000,p.706). in this study, the writer combines two skills which are listening
and speaking in order to achieve the learning goals. The issue of integration is clearly
raised in language learning than in other school participants. Nunn (2006) asserts that the
language learning theory has seen a gradual move towards a more holistic view of
language use. According to Wagner (1985), integrating the language arts means
providing natural learning situations in which listening, speaking, reading, and writing
can be developed together for real purposes and real audiences. Literature on language
learning supports the integration of the language arts and asserts its significance in
developing language learners’ communicative competence and enhancing their language
proficiency level (e. g., Darn, 2006; Jing, 2006).

9. How do you develop your frame of theory (literature review)?

The strategies to develop of my frame of theory, first, Examine my thesis title and
research problem. The research problem anchors my entire study and forms the basis
from which i construct my frame of theory. Second, I consider what to be the key
variables in my research. Answer the question, what factors contribute to the presumed
effect? Third, review related literature to find answers to my research question. then, list
the constructs and variables that might be relevant to my study. Group these variables
into independent and dependent categories. After that I review the key social science
theories that are introduced to me in my course readings and choose the theory or theories
that can best explain the relationships between the key variables in my study. The last, I
 discuss the assumptions or propositions of this theory and point out their relevance to my
research.A theoretical framework is used to limit the scope of the relevant data by
focusing on specific variables and defining the specific viewpoint (framework) that the
researcher will take in analyzing and interpreting the data to be gathered, understanding
concepts and variables according to the given definitions, and building knowledge by
validating or challenging theoretical assumptions.

10. Write a model of a paragraph in your literature review where you put quotation in it!
Teaching certain skill however, cannot easily be separated from other skills for that
reason, in this mini research the writer want to find out the English teachers’ perspective
about integrated of materials listening and speaking skills. These listening and speaking
skills are closely related. Human beings usually can speak or pronounce some word after
they listen it from other people. Asher states that,” children develop listening skill before
they develop the ability to speak”(as cited in Richards and Roger, 2001,p. 74).

11. What do you know about frame of concept? Is it about the procedures or about your
concept in solving the research questions based on theories you have in literature
review? Explain!

The frame of concept is the way how I solve , think the problem in conducting the
research by using the theory as “knife” to analyze the data and solve the findings in my
research.

12. Write a model of a paragraph which reflects the core of your concept in solving the
research questions! (see no:5)

After analyzing the result of the interview that was conducted to find out the problem that
might happen in teaching learning process, especially in listening and speaking activities,
the writer tried to think about the method or strategy that might be used in conducting the
teaching. According to Curtain and Pesola (1994), “. . . in content-related instruction, the
foreign language teacher used concepts from the regular curriculum to enrich the program
with academic content . . . The curriculum content is chosen to provide a vehicle for
language learning and to reinforce the academic skills needed by the students” (p. 35). In
the newest curriculum 2013, the teaching learning activity focus on students as the center
of teaching learning process. As English teachers, we need to teach, “Both of skills in
speaking and listening, I usually use communicative approach. Communicative approach
means that between teacher and the students give feedback to each other. There is
stimulus and response and then the students will not be passive learners. The students
become the center. The teacher just helps the students how to build their skills. And as a
facilitator.” The integrated materials can be a good way out to overcome the problem that
the students and teacher find in the learning process.
 13. How do you choose an appropriate method for your research? (detail
considerations/reasons for title no:2)
In choosing the method of my research, I consider many aspects. I deal with the
perspective of the teacher about the integrated materials for teaching. So, I need to
deal with the words to analyze the data that also in form of words. The only appropriate
method, I think, for analyzing my data is qualitative method. I use the interview format
to conduct my research. There are many types, they are life history interview, semi-
structured interview and structured interview. Here, I choose semi-structured interview
because I want to compare the data from one teacher to others.

14. How do you take the population and sample (or subject of the research)? (see title
no:2)
I took the population and sample of the research about “the teacher’s perspective in
using the integrated materials listening speaking skills” by conducting the interview
with the English teachers especially senior high school in different schools around
Bengkayang city.

15. What instruments do you plan to collect the data? Why?

In collecting data, I used semi-structured interview because by conducting the

interview, I can get more detail data to support my findings.

16. Write a model of your (valid) instruments! (see title no:2)

THE TEACHER’S INTERVIEW RESULT

NO QUESTIONS ANSWERS

1 How often do you have the listening and For speaking and listening class, I usually
speaking class? did it twice or three times a month.

2 Do you usually separate between I usually separate it. For the first meeting I
speaking and listening activities? give the listening activity and the second
meeting, I give the speaking activity.

3 What kind of activities that you usually I usually read monolog and then, especially
 do in listening class? for my listening activity and then make a
short conversation with the students for the
speaking activity.

4 What kind of activities that you usually As I said before like make short conversation
do in speaking class? and then role play. I give some expressions
for example expressing sympathy and then
they make their own conversation.

5 What are the resources for the listening For listening class, I take from the lesson
class? book and then tape or CD.

6 How do the students respond to the They look happy and become curious during
material? the lesson. Some of them like to talk actively
in the class during the lesson. They speak
actively when I give some questions and then
when I ask them about for example the
unfamiliar words, they give me the respond
in English too.

7 How is the students’ participation in In listening class, because their main activity
listening class? is listening, they quite calm, passive because
in the listening activity, I read some
monologs.

8 How is the students’ participation in In speaking class, they like to talk actively
speaking class? by asking and giving comment about
something

9 In what level is your students’ level? In listening, most of my students are in

intermediate level but in speaking,
hmm..most of them feel poor in speaking.
May be because of they have no self-
confident, their vocabulary is lack.

10 What is your opinion about this kind of The main problem in learning especially in
problem especially for speaking? speaking in here their problem is the lack of
vocabulary. Why it happened? Because our
students have no willing to find the
unfamiliar words. We have to force them to
do that. Sometimes, some of them do not
have dictionary and then just like to be a
good listener and just wait the other students
 find the word.

11 What kind of suggestion do you give to I usually encourage them to be active not to
them for solving this problem? be passive students who just wait other
students find the meaning of the words. I
also use think pair technique, they think
themselves and then work in pair and share it
in a big group.

12 What are the characteristic of your Some of my students are active learners but
students? some of them are slow learners. We have to
force them to be more active in our class.

13 What kind of treatment do you give to I usually ask the fast learners to guide the
them? slow learners in learning activity.

14 What are the students’ difficulties? As I said before the first, the lack of
vocabulary and then have no self-confident,
then lack of facilities in learning and then
there is no motivation from inside
themselves to make their listening and
speaking skill well.

15 What are the students’ favourite In listening, some of my students like to

materials in listening? listen a monolog for example, short story,
fairy tale,. They like easy and short text

16 What are the students’
materials in speaking?
favourite In speaking my students like to make short
conversation. The example of the activity, I
usually give my students questions, then I
read short monolog and then they answer the
questions after the finish their listening
activity.

17 Do you think we can combine or Yes, we can integrate them. For example
integrate the both of skills? when to answer the questions, the students
listen to the teacher and after that, checking
the students’ answer teacher can ask them
about their answer orally.

18 What is your opinion about integrating

speaking and listening skills in your
 English class?

19 What kind of method or approach that Both of skills in speaking and listening, I
you usually use in listening and speaking usually use communicative approach.
class? Communicative approach means that
between teacher and the students give
feedback to each other. There is stimulus and
response and then the students will not be
passive learners. The students become the
center. The teacher just helps the students
how to build their skills. And as a facilitator.

20 Do you think the method works well?

21 Do you find any strengths and

weaknesses in using integrated skills?

22 Does the school have enough supporting Even we have CD player or tape player and
devices to help the teacher in conducting then many lesson books, but I think it
the teaching process? doesn’t enough to create a good learning
process because we still don’t have a
language laboratory. You know, when we
want to conduct a good learning process, we
need it, especially in listening, we need
language laboratory because we cannot do
listening in crowded environment.

17. How do you plan to analyze the data? Why?

After doing the interview, I listen to the tapes and write down the script in complete
one. So, here, I need a plan for analyzing my data. The analysis plan is intended as a
starting point for the analysis. It ensures that the analysis can be undertaken in a targeted
manner. However, both the research questions and the analyses may be revised during the
data analysis. It may also be that certain options are not yet clear before the start of the
data analysis. Even explorative data analysis is possible. The findings and decisions made
during the analyses may be documented at a later stage in the analysis plan, meaning the
analysis plan becomes a dynamic document.
18. Write a model of your steps to analyze the data! (see title no:2)

After collecting data and I think I have found what I really need to know (findings), I start
the analysis process by “getting to know” my data. I do this by
listening to my tapes, transcribing interviews from tape to paper, and reading
over the written transcripts. After doing this, I might have a general feeling or idea of
what people are saying and what your results are looking like; but, sometimes I’ll be
surprised at how much more information is contained in my data once i start going deeper
and begin a systematic and rigorous analysis by comparing the data and analyze them
using the qualitative approach.

19. How do you differentiate your research topic (S2 level) compared to S1 level?

S1 level can only use 1 variable but for S2 level it must be 2 or 3 variables.

20. Why is philosophy important to support your research project?

Whether we are aware of it or not, we all operate on a belief system. Sometimes we are
able to articulate this, but most of the time it is hidden to us. When we operate on a
hidden belief system, we are not aware of our prejudices. As researchers, it is vital that
we know where we stand before we embark on our research. Being aware of our belief
system (paradigm) is part of our education and the gold standard, Doctor of Philosophy,
is an illustration of this. Understanding our own belief systems also emancipates us as we
begin to see the underlying beliefs and possible prejudices in others' work. We can
challenge the views of our own subject groups, who might be operating in a manner
imposed on them by others through time. Being aware of our belief system makes us
conscious beings and enables us to confidently challenge the standard positions of our
discipline.