ARDUINO BASED ULTRASONIC RANGE FINDER -

ABSTRACT:
The project is designed to develop distance measurement system using ultrasonic waves and interfaced with
microcontroller. We know that Human audible range is 20hz to 20khz. We can utilize these frequency range
waves through ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 and hence the ultrasonic waves can be used for finding range of
any obstacle. The distance can be measured using pulse echo and phase measurement method. Here the
pulse echo method is used.The measurement unit uses a continuous signal in the transmission frequency
range of ultrasonic transducers. The signal is transmitted by an ultrasonic transducer, reflected by an
obstacle and received by another transducer where the signal is detected. The time delay of the transmitted
and the received signal corresponds to the distance between the system and the obstacle

INTRODUCTION:
Rangefinder is an object-detection system that uses radio waves to determine the range of objects. It can be
used to detect aircraft, ships, spacecraft, guided missiles, motor vehicles, and weather formations,. A
rangefinder system consists of a transmitter producing electromagnetic waves in the radio or microwaves
domain, an emitting antenna, a receiving antenna to capture any returns from objects in the path of the
emitted signal, a receiver and processor to determine properties of the object.

The modern uses of rangefinder system are highly diverse, including air and terrestrial traffic control, radar
astronomy, air-defense systems, antimissile systems, marine radars to locate landmarks and other ships,
aircraft anti-collision systems, ocean surveillance systems, outer space surveillance and rendezvous
systems, meteorological precipitation monitoring, altimetry and flight control systems, guided missile target
locating systems and ground-penetrating radar for geological observations. High tech radar systems are
associated with digital signal processing, machine learning and are capable of extracting useful information
from very high noise levels.

COMPONENTS REQUIRED:
1.+5V Power Supply(using Arduino board ).
2.Arduino uno
3.Ultra Sonic Sensor(HC-SR04)
4.LCD 16x2
5.Buzzer
6. Connecting wires

WORKING:
Generally, the distance can be measured using pulse echo and phase measurement method. Here, the
distance can be measured using pulse echo method. The ultrasonic module transmits a signal to the
object, then receives echo signal from the object and produces output signal whose time period is
proportional to the distance of the object. The mechanism of the ultra-sonic sensor is similar to the
RADAR (Radio detection and ranging). This circuit calculates the distance of the object based on the
speed of the sound wave at normal temperature and displays the distance on LCD.
When HIGH pulse of 10us is applied to the TRIG pin, the ultrasonic module transmits 8 consecutive
pulses of 40 KHz. after transmitting 8th pulse the ECHO pin of the sensor becomes HIGH. When the
module receives reflected signal from the object, the ECHO pin becomes LOW. The time taken by the
signal to leave and return to the sensor is used to find out the range of the object

Application:
The System has various applications for security purposes and it is mainly used for mapping.
1.used to measure the obstacles distance.
2.This system is used in automotive parking sensors and
obstacle warning system.
3.used in terrain monitoring robots.
4. Used in path finding robots

ADVANTAGES:
1. Highly Sensitive
2. Low cost and reliable system.
3. Complete elimination of manpower.

CONCLUSION:
We have represented a project on Ultrasonic Rangefinder for security system for human or object
interference in a short range. The system has been successfully implemented and the aim is achieved
without any deviation. There is a lot of future scope of this project because of its security capacity. It
can be used in many applications. This project can also be developed or modified according to the
rising needs and demands.

REFERENCES:
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“Embedded System Based Radio Detection and Ranging (RADAR) System Using Arduino and
Ultra-Sonic Sensor” American Journal of Embedded Systems and Applications 2017
[2] Shreyes Mehta, Shashank Tiwari-“RADAR SYSTEM USING ARDUINO AND ULTRASONIC
SENSOR” IJNRD, Volume 3, Issue 4 April 2018
[3] Antonio Tedeschi ; Stefano Calcaterra , Francesco Benedetto-“ Ultrasonic RAdar System
(URAS): Arduino and Virtual Reality for a Light-Free Mapping of Indoor Environments” IEEE
Sensors Journal Volume: 17 , Issue: 14 , July15, 15 2017
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