Philosophy What is View on the View on the Methodology/Strategy Why teach

important to teacher Student How to teach

teach
1. ESSENTIALISM 4 R’S Master of knowledge Empty vessel - Subject Centered For the student to
- Reading Receiver of knowledge - Lecture method become useful, functional
- ‘riting - Use of textbook and model citizen
- ‘rithmetic - Drill -To obtain Basic
- Right conduct - Practice Knowledge and skills and
- Foreign Language - Memorization values.
- Literature - Discipline
2. PROGRESSIVISM -Concerned with teaching Facilitator of learning Active participant of the experiential method, problem To develop learners into
the Learners the skill to process & creator of learning process solving that encourage students becoming enlightened
cope with Change. activities - to make decisions and intelligent citizens of
-Give focus Teaching of Studentcentered instruction. -Heavily rely on the problem democratic society
skills or process in When a classroom operates solving method ( Scientific -Teach learners so they
gathering and evaluating with student- Method) may live fully now.
information and in centered instruction, Provoking games and puzzles
problem solving. students and instructors -John Dewey –advocate of
-Give emphasis on natural share the focus. Instead of progressivism
and social sciences. listening to -
the teacher exclusively,
students
and teachersinteract
equally. Group work is
encouraged, and students
learn to collaborate and
communicate with one
another.
3. PERENNIALISM - Evergreen Ideas Master of knowledge - Receiver -Center around teachers To develop students
 - Moral values - Learn from the past Teacher-centered instruction is intellectual and moral
- Perennialism where the teacher is the center Qualities
Teachers teach of knowledge and in charge of
are lifted from the learning. In such models
Great Books knowledge is transmitted from
instructor to students. Students
are usually passively receiving
information.
-Students engage in socratic
Dialogs

4. EXISTENTIALISM - Students are Helper Student has free will of Teacher provides activities. For the students to know
given a wide choice Students have options, they can themselves and
variety of options choose the method of learning appreciate their
from which they (e.g. through arts,music,etc.) and individuality and exposing
to choose all will learn the same thing. them to various paths.
- Tremendous
Emphasis is given
to humanities to
provide students
with vicarious
experiences that
will help unleash
their own
creativity and self
expression.
- Encourage
creativity and
imagination.
5. BEHAVIORISM Behavior Controls the environment The learner starts off as a Control the behavior of students Modification and shaping
-Teach students to of classroom to change clean slate and behavior is through reward for positive of students behavior by
respond favorably to learner’s behavior shaped through positive behavior and punishment to stop providing a favorable
various stimuli in the reinforcement or negative the negative behavior. environment.
environment reinforcement."

6. LINGUISTIC Communication skills Model of Philosophies Imitator Dialogue For the student to
communicate clearly and
receive message correctly.
7. CONSTRUCTIVISM Learning process & skills Facilitates the Give meaning based on Let students construct idea To connect student’s prior
construction of prior/ past ideas & connect through activity. knowledge to new lesson
knowledge / ideas to new lessons Let prior knowledge of students (if correct) and to correct
come out & connect to new it if it’s wrong.
lessons

Activity first, then present the

ideas