Cold fluid: inner pipe, crude oil

(4) Flow area, a’t = 0.515 in2 [Table 10]

𝑁𝑡 𝑎′𝑡 158 𝑥 0.515
𝑎𝑡 = = = 0.141 𝑓𝑡2 [Eq.(7.48)]
144𝑛 144 𝑥 4

𝜔 149000 𝑙𝑏
(5) Mass vel, 𝐺𝑡 = 𝑎 = = 1060000 (ℎ𝑟)(𝑓𝑡 2 )
𝑡 0.141

(6) At 129 ℉, 𝜇 = 3.6

𝜇= 3.6 x 2.42 = 8.7 lb/(ft)(hr) [Fig. 14]
D = 0.81/12 = 0.0675 ft [Table 10]

𝐷𝐺𝑡 0.0675 𝑥 1060000

𝑅𝑒𝑡 = = = 8220
𝜇 8.7
(7) L/D = 16 / 0.0675 = 237
jH = 31 [Fig. 14]
(8) At 𝑡𝑐 = 129 ℉, c = 0.49 Btu/(lb)(℉) [Fig. 4]
k= 0.077 Btu/(hr)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(℉/𝑓𝑡) [Fig. 1]

1 1
𝑐𝜇 3 0.49𝑥 8.7 3
(𝑘) = ( 0.077 ) = 3.81

1
𝑘 𝑐𝜇 3
(9) ℎ𝑖 = 𝑗𝐻 ( ) 𝜙𝑝 [Eq.6.15a]
𝐷 𝑘

ℎ𝑖 31 𝑥 0.077 𝑥 3.81 𝐵𝑡𝑢

= = 135
𝜙𝑝 0.0675 (ℎ𝑟)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(℉)

ℎ𝑖𝑜 ℎ𝑖 𝐼𝐷 135 𝑥 0.810

(10) = 𝑥 = = 109 [Eq.6.5]
𝜙𝑝 𝜙𝑝 𝑂𝐷 1.0

(11) At tw = 221 ℉, µw = 1.5 x 2.42 = 3.63 lb/(ft)(hr) [Fig. 14]

ᶲt = (µ/ µw)0.14 = (8.7/3.63) 0.14 = 1.11 [Fig. 24 insert]

 ℎ𝑖𝑜
(12) Corrected Coeficient, hio =
ᶲt
ᶲt [Eq.6.37]

= 109 x 1.11 = 121 Btu / (hr)(ft2)(OF)

(13) Clean overall coefficient, Uc:

ℎ .ℎ 121 𝑥 162 𝐵𝑡𝑢
Uc = ℎ 𝑖𝑜+ℎ𝑜 = = 69.3 (ℎ𝑟)(𝑓𝑡 2 )(℉) [6.38]
𝑖𝑜 𝑜 121 +162

(14) design overall coefficient, 𝑈𝐷 :

a” = 0.2618 ft2/lin ft
total surface , A = 158 x 16’0” x 0.2618 = 662 ft2
𝑄 5100000
UD 𝐴 𝛥𝑡 = 662 𝑥 138 = 55.8 Btu / (hr)(ft2)(oF)

(15) Dirt factor Rd :

𝑈𝑐−𝑈𝐷 69.3−55.8
Rd= = 69.3 𝑥 55.8 = 0.00348(hr)(ft2)(oF)/ Btu [6.13]
𝑈𝑐 𝑈𝐷

Summary
162 h outside 121

𝑈𝑐 69.3
𝑈𝐷 55.8
Rd Calculated 0.00348
Rd Required 0.00300

PRESSURE DROP

Hot fluid: annulus, lube oil

(1’) For Red = 25300

f = 0.00175 ft2/in2 [Fig. 29]
s = 0.73 [Fig. 6]
Dd = 21.25/12 = 1.77 ft
(2’) No. of crosses , N + 1 = 12 L/B [Eq. (7.43)]
= 12 x 16/5 = 39
𝑓𝐺 2 𝐷𝑑 (𝑁+1)
(3’) ΔPd = 5.22 𝑑𝑥 1010 𝐷𝑒𝑆𝜙𝑑 [Eq. (7.44)]

0.00175 𝑥 2970002 𝑥 1.77 𝑥 39

=5.22 𝑥 1010 𝑥 0.0825 𝑥 0.73 𝑥 0.96 = 3.5 𝑃𝑠𝑖

Allowable ΔPd = 10.0 Psi

Cold fluid: inner pipe, crude oil

(1) For 𝑅𝑒𝑡 = 8220

f = 0.000285 ft2/in2 [Fig. 26]

s = 0.83 [Fig. 6]

𝑓𝐺𝑑2 𝐿𝑛
(2) ∆𝑃𝑡 = [Eq.(7.45)]
5.22 𝑥 1010 𝐷𝑒𝑆𝜙𝑑

0.000285 𝑥 10600002 𝑥 16 𝑥 4
= = 6.3 𝑃𝑠𝑖
5.22 𝑥 1010 𝑥 0.0675 𝑥 0.83 𝑥 1.11

𝑉2
(3) ∆𝐺𝑡 = 1060000; = 0.15 [Fig. 27]
2𝑔′
4𝑛 𝑣2 4𝑥4
∆𝑃𝑟 = = 𝑥 0.15 = 2.9 𝑃𝑠𝑖 [Eq.(7.46)]
𝑠 2𝑔′ 0.83

(4) ∆𝑃𝑇 = ∆𝑃𝑡 + ∆𝑃𝑟 = 6.3 + 2.9 = 9.2 𝑃𝑠𝑖 [Eq.(7.47)]

Allowable ∆𝑃𝑇 = 10.0 psi