READING

COMPREHENSION
AND
SUMMARY
MODULE
PREPARED BY;

JULAIZAH BINTI MOHD JAIS – SMK TINGGI SETAPAK

FUZIAH BINTI MAT YAKOP – SMK BANDAR TASIK SELATAN

KAVITHA A/P CHELLAH – SMK CHERAS

ELSIE HO LEE CHOO – SMK BANDAR TUN RAZAK

AMBIGAH DEVI A/P MANIGAM – SMK TAMAN MALURI

GANESAN SUPRAMANIAM – SMK LA SALLE BRICKFIELDS

GUIDELINES FOR READING COMPREHENSION

1. Read through the whole passage once to get the general idea of what the passage
is about. Do not worry if you come across unfamiliar words. Sometimes, it is not
necessary to understand every word you read.

2. Read the passage again, if necessary. The second reading helps you take in the
details and improve your understanding.

3. Read the questions carefully. Be ALERT with the number of paragraph

mentioned in the questions. Answers can only be found in the paragraph referred to.
Use KEY WORDS in the questions to help you answer the questions. These can be the
“wh” words ( what, when, where, why, who, whose, how ) and action verbs ( identify,
find, list ).

4. Questions sometimes contain words found in the passage. Use these words to
help you identify the part of the passage where the answers can be found. Usually,
answers can be found BEFORE or AFTER the key word/words.

5. You can lift clauses or sentences from the passage to answer questions. However,
DO NOT OVER LIFT. Lift the required information only. You do not have to use your
own words unless you are told to do so.

6. Be alert with the vocabulary questions: a word or a phrase. If you are asked to
give a word, give only ONE word. Make sure you spell the word correctly. If you are
asked for a phrase, give the relevant phrase. A phrase can be a word or more.

7. Some questions require you to use your own words and you must do so.

8. Do pay attention to the tense used in the questions and do change the pronouns
( if necessary ) when formulating your answers.
GUIDELINES FOR SUMMARY WRITING

1. Read the question carefully. (Need not to read the whole passage again)

2. Underline the keywords in the question. (What are the key words you are required
to summarise)

3. Mark the first and last lines of the passage. Draw a box around those lines. Do not
lift information out of this box.

4. Then, begin to read carefully the lines/paragraphs in the box. As you read, underline
the relevant lines/ideas bearing in mind the key words.

5. Summarise these ideas/lines using condensation, reorganization or paraphrasing

skills. If you cannot paraphrase the ideas, see if there are words in the passage that you
can replace.

6. Do not add any of your own points.

7. Begin the summary with the 10 words given.

8. Arrange the ideas in the order in which they appear in the original passage. Use
proper linkers.

9. Note the word limit (The word limit is 130 words including the 10 words given)

10. Pay attention to the tense (and sometimes pronoun) used in the given 10 words.

11. Write out the summary in one paragraph. If you are able to use your own words,
it would be an advantage. However, you may lift the contents but lift intelligently.

12. Finalise by revising and counting the number of words.

HOW TO WRITE A SUMMARY

A summary is a shortened version of a text that highlights its key points. The
summary, therefore, should not contain extra material that not needed to serve its
purpose.

Leave out unnecessary details and relative clauses.

Example:

The boy who studied from morning till evening without much rest in between, obtained
the best results in the school.

Main idea – obtaining the best results

Unnecessary detail -studied from morning till evening without much rest in between

Summary: The boy obtained the best results in the school.

Do not include examples and lists that are unimportant.

Example:

Nisha wrote in her shopping list that she needed to buy stationery such as pencils, pen,
a ruler, an eraser, a sharpener and a test pad for her examination.

Main idea – Nisha needed some stationery

Unnecessary details -stationery such as pencils, pen, a ruler, an eraser, a sharpener

and a test pad. (Examples often follow words like “such as”, “like” and “for example”)

Summary:Nisha bought some stationery for her examination.

Do not include elaboration.

Example:

Henry came home late. It was after midnight that is after 12.30 a.m. He had been out
with his friends.

Main idea – the time that Henry came home.

Unnecessary details–the exact time when Henry came home and what he was doing.

Summary: Henry came home late.

Leave out repetition and redundant sentences.

Example:

He is a very fat man. He certainly is not thin. It is difficult for him even to pass through
the door.

Main idea – that the man is fat

Unnecessary details –that he is not thin and that it is difficult for him to pass through
the door

Summary: He is a very fat man.

Do not include details, unnecessary adjectives and lengthy descriptions.

Example 1:

She wore a pretty dress. It was made of pink lace with a huge bow at the back. There
were sequins which glittered under the light, all over the dress.

Main idea – what the girl wore

Unnecessary details –the type of dress and colour are unnecessary details

Summary: She wore a pretty dress.

Example 2:

Aishah, my best friend who sits next to me in class and is not only pretty but also
helpful, kind and generous, always helps me when I have problems.

Main idea – the friend who always helps

Unnecessary details–my best friend

Unnecessary adjectives – description of the friend : pretty, helpful, kind and generous

Unnecessary relative clauses – who sits next to me in class

Summary: Aishah always helps me when I have problems.

Example3:

My good friend, Priscilla was born in a small town called Raub in Pahang which is
about120 kilometres from Kepong. It is not very big town and is still not well developed.

Main idea – where the friend was born

Unnecessary details – lengthy description containing too many details about the place
where the friend was born and what kind of place it is.

Summary: My good friend Priscilla was born in Raub.

Change direct speech to indirect speech

If there is a dialogue in the passage and it contains a point, a change it to indirect

speech.

Example:

“You have to put in more effort. Do not spend so much time watching television. Also,
reduce the number of hours that you spend on the Internet and plan your time well. As a
result, you will do well,” said Daniel’s mother.

Summary: Daniel’s mother told him he had to put in more effort in order to do well.
Replace a words with one word, a sentence/sentences with a phrase.

Example1:

They had dinner which cost them a lot of money, at a restaurant. After dinner, they had
to walk home because they could not afford a taxi. They had spent everything on the
dinner.

Replace with a word– which cost them a lot of money

Replace with a phrase – could not afford a taxi ……had spent everything on the dinner

Summary: After ………. dinner at a restaurant they had to walk home as they had
…………..

Example 2 :

John is a person who always boasts about his achievements and how intelligent he is.

Replace with a word – who always boasts about his achievements and how intelligent
he is

Summary: John is an arrogant man.

Use a general term for a list of things.

Example 1:

Cars, lorries, buses, trucks, vans and motorcycles are responsible for dirtying the air we
breathe.

Replace with a general term – cars, lorries, buses, trucks, vans and motorcycles

Replace with one word– dirtying the air we breathe.

Summary: Vehicles are responsible for air pollution.

Example 2 :

We bought cupboards, dressing – tables, a set of chairs, a dining table, three double
beds and a garden set for our new house.

Replace with a general term – cupboards, dressing -tables, a set of chairs, a dining
table, three double beds and a garden set

Summary: We bought furniture for our new house.

Change the sentence structures to reduce the length.

Example:

She is very pampered as she is the only child in her family.

Summary: Being an only child, she is very pampered.

Use linkers and conjunctions for cohesion.

After that Eventually Later

Besides Finally Meanwhile
Contrary to First Moreover
Consequently Hence Nevertheless
Despite However Next

STEPS TO DO THE SUMMARY

B : Bracket or Box the relevant lines (eg: Line 10-32)

R : Read the question. (Identify the key words in the question)

U : Underline the relevant points as you read the referred lines

C : Combine the ideas using connectors

E : Edit the ideas/points (Make sure there are at least 10 ideas/points and written in 130
words including the 10 words given)
Exercise A: Underline the key words.

1. Based on the passage given, write a summary:

 on the steps that should be taken to plant a young vegetable seedling in

your garden

2. Based on the passage given, write a summary:

 about the similarities between whales and humans in quality and

behaviour

3. Based on the passage given, write a summary:

 on the uses of palm oil and

 on the beneficial properties of palm oil

4. Based on the passage given, write a summary:

 on the objectives of the programme

 on the qualities the trainees hoped to learn through the modules
 on the criteria of youths selected

5. Based on the passage given, write a summary:

 on the design characteristics of mosques built after independence in

Malaysia

6. Littering is a serious problem. Based on the passage given, write a summary on:

 steps that can be taken to improve the situation

Answers:
1. steps
2. similarities
3. uses, beneficial properties
4. objectives, qualities, criteria
5. design characteristics
6. steps
Exercise B: Shorten these sentences using the words in the brackets.

1. The students would like to take part in the competition. ( participate )

2. John is taking care of the children tonight. ( babysitting )

3. The food which was served by the hotel looked very attractive and tempting.
( appetising )

4. I have a new English teacher. She is very friendly and easy to talk to.
( approachable )

5. He acted on stage for the last time as ‘Julius Caesar’ before he passed away.
( appearance )

Answers:
1. They want to participate in the competition.
2. John is babysitting tonight.
3. The hotel’s food was appetising.
4. My new English teacher is very approachable.
5. His last appearance before his death was as ‘Julius Caesar’.

Exercise C: Summarize these paragraphs.

1. All animals need water and air in order to live. All plants too need water and air to
survive. Human beings too need water to live. Air and water are vital to life. Without
water and air, all living things will die.

2. When the boy came out of the boat, he was stunned to see so many people. First
the boy simply stood gazing at his father. Then he looked at his mother. He turned his
glance to his grandfather. Then to his grandmother. Slowly he turned towards his
brother. Next his eyes rested on his sister.

3. I acquired the habit of collecting bottles while I was on my assignment as a

freelance photographer. Bottle collecting has taken me to various destinations and
cultures. I am fascinated when I look at jam bottles. Jam bottles differ in size. Glass jars
for confectionery like sweets and fruits are different from jam bottles or pickle bottles.
They are different in shape and size. Medicine bottles also differ from the other kinds of
bottles.
Answers:
1. Water and air are vital for all living things.
2. When the boy came out of the boat, he was stunned to see all his relatives.
3. Bottles come in different shapes and sizes.

Exercise D: Match the sequence connectors with similar meanings.

COLUMN A Answers COLUMN B

1 in a short while ( ) meanwhile
2 in spite of ( ) firstly
3 last of all ( ) furthermore
4 in the first place ( ) despite
5 that is why ( ) lastly/finally
6 in addition ( ) therefore
7 for the time being ( ) soon
8 in the second place ( ) thirdly
9 in the third place ( ) consequently
10 as a result ( ) secondly

Answers:

COLUMN A Answers COLUMN B

1 in a short while ( 7 ) meanwhile
2 in spite of ( 4 ) firstly
3 last of all ( 6 ) furthermore
4 in the first place ( 2 ) despite
5 that is why ( 3 ) lastly/finally
6 in addition ( 5 ) therefore
7 for the time being ( 1 ) soon
8 in the second place ( 10 ) thirdly
9 in the third place ( 8 ) consequently
10 as a result ( 9 ) secondly
SAMPLE 1

Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow.

1 It is not an easy task to be a good sportsman. What is actually

sportsmanship? A good sportsmanship is a quality of someone who is inclined to
the area of sport and plays rather fairly by following the rules of the games.
Besides, the sportsman respects the judgement all the referees and all the officials
in the game, knowing that they are not biased. A good sportsman will also treat 5
the opponents with respect.

2 Practicing good sportsmanship in real life situations is not easy. However,

there are some guidelines in which one can follow.

3 Firstly, it is of the utmost importance to learn as much of the sports as possible.

This is because a good sportsmanship should play by the rules. The sportsman 10
must be cooperative by showing up for practice, working hard and realizing that
teamwork is important to ensure success.

4 In addition, it is important to talk politely and act courteously towards the

teammates, the opponents, the coaches and even the opponents’ coaches before,
during and even after the games or events. Furthermore, never forget to get in 15
touch with the officials presiding over the game and also the spectators.

5 Remember to stay cool. Never ever lose your temper. A good sportsman
should not give up easily. A game is only a game and the chances of winning are
fifty-fifty, so no matter how hard you have played the game, be realistic.
Remember that there is a winner and a loser in a game. No one likes to lose, 20
but learn to take defeat as a challenge.

6 Another thing in a good sportsman must remember is to avoid settling disputes

with violence. In case there is such a dispute, seek the advice of a coach or an
official. If you respond with violence, the problem is that as a sportsman, you can
be penalized. The effect is that your chances in winning a game are very slim. 25

7 It is important to cheer your teammates with positive statements. Every member

in the team is important. It is good to avoid thrash talking about the other team.

8 Moreover, remember to acknowledge and applaud the good plays. If your team
loses the game, do not feel disappointed. A good play should be given the credit.

9 Lastly congratulate your opponents if they win the game. Learn to accept 30
defeat gracefully. Congratulate your opponents on a game well played.
Answer all questions. You are advised to answer them in the order set.

1. From paragraph 1, list two qualities of a good sportsmanship

i) _______________________________________________________________

ii) ______________________________________________________________

(2 marks)

2. From paragraph 3,

(a) why is it important to learn as much of the sports as possible?

______________________________________________________________________

(1 mark)

(b) how can a good sportsman show his cooperation?

______________________________________________________________________

(1 mark)

3. From paragraph 4,

(a) which word in this paragraph has the same meaning as the word adversaries?

______________________________________________________________________

(1 mark)

(b) explain the meaning of the word presiding.

______________________________________________________________________

(1 mark)

4. (a) From paragraph 5, what are the chances in winning a game?

______________________________________________________________________

(1 mark)

(b) From paragraph 6, state the likely thing that will happen to a sportsman if a
dispute ends in violence.

______________________________________________________________________

(1 mark)
5. In paragraph 9, what are the ways a good sportsman should do if the opponents win
the game? Write in your own words.

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
(2 marks)
6. Based on the passage given, write a summary on:

 What is good sportsmanship and

 Ways to practice good sportsmanship

Credit will be given for use of own words but care must be taken not to change the
original meaning.

Your summary must:

 Be in continuous writing form (not in note form)

 Use materials from line 1 to the end
 Not be longer than 130 words, including the 10 words given below

Begin your summary as follows:

Demonstrating good sportsmanship is important in any games or sports…

(15 marks)

______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
Answers:

1. (From paragraph 1)
i. Fair play or playing the game fairly
ii. following the rules of the game / respecting the judgement of the referees and
the officials / treating the opponents with respect (lines 3-6)

2. (From paragraph 3)
a. to know the rules of the game well. (line 10)
b. the sportsman should show up for practice, work hard and ensure good
teamwork. (lines 11-12)

3. (From paragraph 4)
a. “opponents” (line14)
b. in charge of something (line 16)

4. (From paragraph 5)
a. Fifty-fifty (lines 18-19)
(From paragraph 6)
b. The sportsman can be penalized. (lines 24-25)

5. (From paragraph 9)
It is best to congratulate the opponents for a good game played and also to
accept the defeat gracefully.

6. Points for summary:

C1- A good sportsman should play the game by following the rules,
C2- respecting the judgement of the referees
C3- respecting the officials
C4 - treating the opponents with respect.
C5- A good sportsman must also play the game fairly
C6- learn as much of the sports as possible
C7- and play by the rules.
C8- Talk politely
C9- and act courteously towards everyone before, during and after the events.
C10- Stay cool
C11- and avoid any disputes.
C12- Any rash action can cause a player to be penalized.
C13- Remember to cheer the teammates with positive statements.
C14- Acknowledge and applaud any good plays.
C15- congratulate the opponents even if you lose the game.
SUMMARY:

(Applying BRUCE)

B : Bracket or box the relevant lines. (Use materials from line 1 to the end)
R : Read the question. (Identify the keywords in the question)
 What is good sportsmanship
 Ways to practise good sportsmanship
U: Underline the relevant points as you read the referred lines. ( Bear in mind the
keywords)

1 It is not an easy task to be a good sportsman. What is actually

sportsmanship? A good sportsmanship is a quality of someone who is inclined to
the area of sport and plays rather fairly by following the rules of the games.
Besides, the sportsman respects the judgement all the referees and all the officials
in the game, knowing that they are not biased. A good sportsman will also treat 5
the opponents with respect.

2 Practicing good sportsmanship in real life situations is not easy. However,

there are some guidelines in which one can follow.

3 Firstly, it is of the utmost importance to learn as much of the sports as possible.

This is because a good sportsmanship should play by the rules. The sportsman 10
must be cooperative by showing up for practice, working hard and realizing that
teamwork is important to ensure success.

4 In addition, it is important to talk politely and act courteously towards the

teammates, the opponents, the coaches and even the opponents’ coaches before,
during and even after the games or events. Furthermore, never forget to get in 15
touch with the officials presiding over the game and also the spectators.

5 Remember to stay cool. Never ever lose your temper. A good sportsman
should not give up easily. A game is only a game and the chances of winning are
fifty-fifty, so no matter how hard you have played the game, be realistic.
Remember that there is a winner and a loser in a game. No one likes to lose, 20
but learn to take defeat as a challenge.

6 Another thing in a good sportsman must remember is to avoid settling disputes

with violence. In case there is such a dispute, seek the advice of a coach or an
 official. If you respond with violence, the problem is that as a sportsman, you can
be penalized. The effect is that your chances in winning a game are very slim. 25

7 It is important to cheer your teammates with positive statements. Every member

in the team is important. It is good to avoid thrash talking about the other team.

8 Moreover, remember to acknowledge and applaud the good plays. If your team
loses the game, do not feel disappointed. A good play should be given the credit.

9 Lastly congratulate your opponents if they win the game. Learn to accept 30
defeat gracefully. Congratulate your opponents on a game well played.

Students’ content points for the summary:

(Students summarize the ideas)

1. A good sportsmanship is a quality of someone who is inclined to the area of sport

and plays rather fairly by following the rules of the games.

2. the sportsman respects the judgement all the referees and all the officials in the
game

3. A good sportsman will also treat the opponents with respect

4. it is of the utmost importance to learn as much of the sports as possible

5. a good sportsmanship should play by the rules

6. it is important to talk politely and act courteously towards (the teammates, the
opponents, the coaches and even the opponents’ coaches: everyone) before,
during and even after the games or events.

7. Remember to stay cool

8. a good sportsman must remember is to avoid settling disputes with violence

9. It is important to cheer your teammates with positive statements

10. remember to acknowledge and applaud the good plays

11. congratulate your opponents if they win the game

C : Combine the ideas using connectors

E : Edit the ideas/points (Make sure there are at least 10 ideas/points and written in
130 words including the 10 words given)

Students’ answer:

Demonstrating good sportsmanship is important in any games or sports. A good

sportsman is someone who is inclined to the area of sport and plays rather fairly by
following the rules of the games.(C1) Furthermore, a good sportman respects the
judgement all the referees(C2) and all the officials in the game(C3), and treats the
opponents with respect(C4). It is important to learn as much of the sports as
possible(C6) and play by the rules(C5). Besides, talk politely(C7) and act courteously
towards everyone before, during and after the games(C8). Remember to stay cool(C9)
and to avoid settling disputes with violence(C10). In addition, it is important to cheer
your teammates with positive statements(C11), acknowledge and applaud the good
plays(C12). Finally, congratulate your opponents if they win the game(C13).

(127 words)
SAMPLE 2
Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow.

1 It was Sunday afternoon and I was lazing around at home savouring

every bit of the weekend holiday. My growling stomach indicated that it was
way past lunch time but I could not seem to get myself off the couch. I became
ravenous with each passing minute and was forced out of my cocoon.

2 Though the weather was scorching hot, I gathered my courage to set out 5
in search of food. I decided to go to a nearby restaurant. The blazing hot sun
tempted me to drive but I aborted the idea as finding a parking space would be a
nightmare. So, I grabbed an umbrella and started walking.

3 The air was thick with humidity, causing me to sweat profusely and my
flimsy tissue shredded into pieces. When I was passing by a bus stop, I noticed 10
an elderly man looking my way longingly. I nodded and smiled at him out of
courtesy and moved on. All of a sudden, he put out a hand and stopped me. I
turned to him in astonishment and he asked: “Are you staying somewhere
around here?”

4 I was tempted to mutter a “yes” and walk away but my mind overruled it 15
as impolite. “My house is across the road and I am on my way to lunch,” I told
him. “What is the time now? My watch has stopped,” he said, pointing to his
wristwatch. Although I was getting impatient, I managed a smile and told him it
was three in the afternoon.

5 “I came here on an errand and am returning home. I have been waiting 20

for the bus for more than an hour but none showed up,” he said exasperatedly. I
really felt sorry for him because I had come across such situations before. The
buses plying the route did not stick to the schedule much to the annoyance of
the public. Until a year ago, I depended on public transport too and was very
much relieved when I could afford a car. 25

6 I asked him not to worry as the bus would come eventually. “But I am in
a rush. I am staying very far away and I have to take a couple of buses and the
Light Rail Transit (LRT) train before I could reach home,” he rambled on. The
awful weather and hunger took its toll on me and I butted in, “Yes, sir. I
understand your predicament but I can’t do much.” I regretted for making my 30
irritation visible but it was too late. Surprisingly, the man did not seem to take
offence.

7 To make amends for my terrible behaviour earlier, I asked him what he

wanted. He said in a measured tone, “I want to ask you a favour and hope that
you do not mind. Can you give me RM50 please? I am not feeling well and 35
can’t wait for the bus anymore. Moreover, this hot weather is unbearable. In
fact, I have asked a cab driver and he told that the charges would be more than
RM50. You know how unscrupulous the cabbies can be by refusing to use the
 meter. I have spent all my money and am left with RM10.”

8 I took a quick scan of him from head to toe. He looked like he was in his 40
50s. His curly black hair was combed neatly In terms of dressing; he looked
decent in a short sleeved shirt and a pair of matching slacks. The sheen on his
black shoes he was wearing proved that they were new. In short, he did not look
like a needy or disadvantaged person.

9 He waited for my reply patiently as I was getting alarmed. Is he pulling 45

a fast one and trying to fleece me? I have heard stories about how unsuspecting
people were conned when they acted on impulse. Finally, I decided not to part
with my money and told him that I did not have enough cash. But he did not
seem to give up. “Believe me, I am not cheating you, I am in dire need,” he
pleaded. “How would I know if you are telling me the truth? You could be 50
taking me for a ride to make a quick buck,” I told him unceremoniously and
turned on my heels, ignoring his request for help. Upon reaching the restaurant,
I ordered a plate of fried rice and iced lemon tea. I could barely finish half the
food as my appetite was lost. The thought of the man haunted me and I had no
choice but to ponder if I had done the right thing. 55

10 When I reached the bus stop, I was utterly shocked. There was a
commotion and a crowd had gathered. At closer inspection, I noticed the man in
distress being carried into a car which sped off. A good Samaritan had offered
to take him to the hospital. I asked an onlooker what had happened and he told
me that the man fainted while waiting for the bus and that he could not be 60
revived.

11 I froze in despair and headed home with a heavy heart. My eyes were
moist with tears and I kept blinking them away. I could have prevented his pain
and misery. I was judgemental and refused to see that there was more to it than
met the eye. Whoever he was, I prayed for his quick recovery. 65

Adapted from MEP Volume 04

1. From paragraph 2, why did the writer decide to walk instead of driving?
…………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]
2. From paragraph 4,
a) what made the writer stop to answer the man’s question?
………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
b) where was the writer heading to?
………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
3. From paragraph 6,
a) why did the writer interrupt the old man’s rambling?
………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
b) the old man faced a dilemma. Which word in the text means ‘dilemma’?
……………………………………………………………………………………...
[1 mark]
c) give a reason why you think the old man did not seem to take offense of the
writer’s attitude.
.………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

4. From paragraph 9,
a) what decision did the writer finally make towards the man’s request for money?
…….…………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
b) which sentence suggests that the writer felt guilty about ignoring his request for
help?
……..…………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
5. Would you give the RM50 to a roadside beggar? Provide two reasons to support your
answer.

Reason 1: ……………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

Reason 2: ……………………………………………………………………… [1 mark]

6. Based on the passage given, write a summary on:

 the predicaments that the man had to face in order to go home, and
 what happened to him at the end

Credit will be given for use of own words but care must be taken not to change the original
meaning.

Your summary must:

 be in continuous writing form (not in note form)
 use materials from line 20 to line 61
 not to be longer than 130 words, including the 10 words given below.

Begin your summary as follows:

The man was there on an errand and was returning ……….
[15 marks]
Answers

(Comprehension):

1. finding a parking space would be a nightmare

2. a) it was impolite to just walk away

b) she was on her way to lunch

3. a) the awful weather and hunger took its toll on her

b) predicament
c) he really needed her help/ he really needed the money

4. a) she decided not to part with her money/ she told him she did not have enough cash
b) I could barely finish half the food as my appetite was lost

5. Yes. Reason.
No. Reason.
(Accept any logical reason)

6. Summary Content – Each point scores 1 mark. Maximum: 10 marks

C1 - have been waiting for the bus for more than an hour
C2 - none showed up
C3 - in a rush
C4 - staying very far away
C5 - have to take a couple of buses
C6 - Light Rail Transit (LRT) train
C7 - not feeling well
C8 - hot weather is unbearable
C9 - the charges would be more than RM50
C10 - have spent all my money
C11 - left with RM10
C12 - man being carried into a car/ a good Samaritan had offered to take him to the
hospital
C13 - man fainted
C14 - man could not be revived

(APPLYING BRUCE)
B : Bracket or Box the relevant lines. (Use materials line 20 to line 61)
R : Read the question. (Identify the keywords in the question)
 the predicaments that the man had to face in order to go home, and
 what happened to him at the end

U : Underline the relevant points as you read the referred lines.

1 It was Sunday afternoon and I was lazing around at home savouring

every bit of the weekend holiday. My growling stomach indicated that it was
way past lunch time but I could not seem to get myself off the couch. I became
ravenous with each passing minute and was forced out of my cocoon.

2 Though the weather was scorching hot, I gathered my courage to set out 5
in search of food. I decided to go to a nearby restaurant. The blazing hot sun
tempted me to drive but I aborted the idea as finding a parking space would be a
nightmare. So, I grabbed an umbrella and started walking.

3 The air was thick with humidity, causing me to sweat profusely and my
flimsy tissue shredded into pieces. When I was passing by a bus stop, I noticed 10
an elderly man looking my way longingly. I nodded and smiled at him out of
courtesy and moved on. All of a sudden, he put out a hand and stopped me. I
turned to him in astonishment and he asked: “Are you staying somewhere
around here?”

4 I was tempted to mutter a “yes” and walk away but my mind overruled it 15
as impolite. “My house is across the road and I am on my way to lunch,” I told
him. “What is the time now? My watch has stopped,” he said, pointing to his
wristwatch. Although I was getting impatient, I managed a smile and told him it
was three in the afternoon.

5 “I came here on an errand and am returning home. I have been waiting 20

for the bus for more than an hour but none showed up,” he said exasperatedly. I
really felt sorry for him because I had come across such situations before. The
buses plying the route did not stick to the schedule much to the annoyance of
the public. Until a year ago, I depended on public transport too and was very
much relieved when I could afford a car. 25

6 I asked him not to worry as the bus would come eventually. “But I am in
a rush. I am staying very far away and I have to take a couple of buses and the
Light Rail Transit (LRT) train before I could reach home,” he rambled on. The
awful weather and hunger took its toll on me and I butted in, “Yes, sir. I
understand your predicament but I can’t do much.” I regretted for making my 30
irritation visible but it was too late. Surprisingly, the man did not seem to take
offence.
7 To make amends for my terrible behaviour earlier, I asked him what he
wanted. He said in a measured tone, “I want to ask you a favour and hope that
you do not mind. Can you give me RM50 please? I am not feeling well and 35
can’t wait for the bus anymore. Moreover, this hot weather is unbearable. In
fact, I have asked a cab driver and he told that the charges would be more than
RM50. You know how unscrupulous the cabbies can be by refusing to use the
meter. I have spent all my money and am left with RM10.”

8 I took a quick scan of him from head to toe. He looked like he was in his 40
50s. His curly black hair was combed neatly In terms of dressing; he looked
decent in a short sleeved shirt and a pair of matching slacks. The sheen on his
black shoes he was wearing proved that they were new. In short, he did not look
like a needy or disadvantaged person.

9 He waited for my reply patiently as I was getting alarmed. Is he pulling 45

a fast one and trying to fleece me? I have heard stories about how unsuspecting
people were conned when they acted on impulse. Finally, I decided not to part
with my money and told him that I did not have enough cash. But he did not
seem to give up. “Believe me, I am not cheating you, I am in dire need,” he
pleaded. “How would I know if you are telling me the truth? You could be 50
taking me for a ride to make a quick buck,” I told him unceremoniously and
turned on my heels, ignoring his request for help. Upon reaching the restaurant,
I ordered a plate of fried rice and iced lemon tea. I could barely finish half the
food as my appetite was lost. The thought of the man haunted me and I had no
choice but to ponder if I had done the right thing. 55

10 When I reached the bus stop, I was utterly shocked. There was a
commotion and a crowd had gathered. At closer inspection, I noticed the man in
distress being carried into a car which sped off. A good Samaritan had offered
to take him to the hospital. I asked an onlooker what had happened and he told
me that the man fainted while waiting for the bus and that he could not be 60
revived.

11 I froze in despair and headed home with a heavy heart. My eyes were
moist with tears and I kept blinking them away. I could have prevented his pain
and misery. I was judgemental and refused to see that there was more to it than
met the eye. Whoever he was, I prayed for his quick recovery. 65

Adapted from MEP Volume 04

Rewrite the underline phrases or sentences, then complete the diagram below with the
relevant information.
 1. I have been waiting for the bus for more than an hour but
none showed up
2. “But I am in a rush. I am staying very far away and I have to
take a couple of buses and the Light Rail Transit (LRT) train
before I could reach home
the predicaments 3. I am not feeling well and can’t wait for the bus anymore.
that the man had to Moreover, this hot weather is unbearable
face in order to go 4. I have asked a cab driver and he told that the charges would
home be more than RM50
5. I have spent all my money and am left with RM10

1 I noticed the man in distress being carried into a car which

sped off
what happened 2 A good Samaritan had offered to take him to the hospital
to him at the end
3 the man fainted while waiting for the bus and that he could not
be revived

NEXT STEPS
C : Combine the ideas using connectors

E : Edit the ideas/points (Make sure there are at least 10 ideas/points and written in
130 words including the 10 words given)

Students’ probable answer:

The man was there on an errand and was returning home. He had been waiting for the bus for
more than an hour (C1)but none showed up(C2). He was in a rush(C3). He was staying very far
away (C4) and had to take a couple of buses (C5) and the Light Rail Transit (LRT) train (C6)
before reach home. Besides, he was not feeling well (C7) and could not wait for the bus
anymore. He had asked a cab driver and the charges would be more than RM50(C9). However,
he had spent all his money (C10) and was left with RM10(C11). Later, the writer noticed the
man being carried into a car(C12) which sped off. A good Samaritan had offered to take him to
the hospital. The man fainted (C13) and could not be revived(C14).
(129 words)
Total of contents = 13 points
*** Notice the change of pronoun ( ‘I’ to ‘he’ ) and the tense (present to past)

PRACTICE 1
Read the passage below and answer the questions that follow.
1 It was an emotional farewell for many of the national service trainees at the
departure point. Many of them were in tears.” I feel so sad as we have to go
our separate ways,” said Saroja. “I don’t feel like going home as I’ve made so
many new friends from various races especially the Ibans and Kadazans from
Sarawak and Sabah. I don’t know when we are going to meet again. Although 5
three months is a short time, we have learnt so much from each other.”
2 Most of the trainees who complete their three-month stint gave their
thumbs-up for the programme. “I am willing to go back for a second stint if
given the chance,” said Ai Lin. “The training was excellent. I’ve learnt a lot and
made many new friends from all over the country. The training has also 10
helped me build self-confidence. On the whole, it was not that difficult as
expected. Those who will be called up for the next training programme should
not be afraid to take up the challenge.”
3 “I felt that the programme is too short,“ said Rosli. “It should be extended
to six months. Nevertheless, I have enjoyed myself most of the activities that I 15
participated. My most unforgettable experience was when we went on a four-
hour night trek through a jungle. We had to depend on just a compass. We
had to hack our way through the undergrowth as there was no path. We were
scared that we might come across elephants as we could hear them
trumpeting occasionally. The challenging stint has helped me become a better 20
person. I am now not scared of taking up challenges.”
4 “The national service was indeed an eye-opening experience for many of
us,” said Martin. “I had the opportunity to take part in a community service.
We became road sweepers for a small town under a cleanliness campaign. I
now understand the importance of community service. My only complaint is 25
the food served at the camp. Most of the time, it was too salty, oily or without
taste. We also seemed to the get the same food too often. Perhaps you can
say that I missed home-cooked food. I was also homesick during the first few
days. We also had some misunderstandings now and then but they only
served to strengthen our bond.” 30
5 “The programme is a success,” remarked a campus director. “Apart from
inculcating discipline and responsibility, it has created a better understanding
among the youths of various races in the country. It is a good way to promote
solidarity and unity. We do have some shortcomings but we will iron out
whatever problems for the next batch of trainees. Parents and those 35
concerned who called for a revision of the programme need not worry.”
6 “I think the national service programme is invaluable to the youth,” said a
parent. “My son who was apprehensive in the beginning is full of praises for it
after completing the stint. He seems to have ‘grown up’ overnight. He talks
with confidence and patience. More importantly, he is able to mix around with 40
people easily.”

A. VOCABULARY PRACTICE
Match the words/ phrases below with their meanings based on the passage
 stint (line 7) self-confidence (line 11) eye-opening (line 22) bond (line 30)
solidarity (line 28) shortcomings (line 34) iron out (line 34)
apprehensive (line 34)

Meanings Words
1. Get rid of
2. Training
3. Togetherness
4. Providing new experience
5. Belief in yourself
6. Closeness (of friendship)
7. Worried
8. Defects or faults

B. COMPREHENSION PRACTICE
Answer the following questions

1 From paragraph 1, give two reasons why many of the national service trainees ‘were in tears’.

a. _____________________________________________________________[1 mark]
b. _____________________________________________________________[1 mark]

2 From paragraph 2, ‘most of the trainees…gave their thumbs-up for the programme.’

a. Explain what is meant by the expression ‘thumbs-up.’

_____________________________________________________________[1 mark]
b. Give one reason why the trainees gave their ‘thumbs-up.’
_____________________________________________________________[1 mark]

3 From paragraph 3, give two examples how the national service has helped Rosli

_________________________________________________________________[2 marks]
4 From paragraph 4, what were Martin’s complaints about the national service?

_________________________________________________________________[2 marks]

5 From paragraph 5, according to the campus director, the national service programme ‘was a
success’. Give two reasons why he said so.

a. _____________________________________________________________[1 mark]

b. _____________________________________________________________[1 mark]

C. SUMMARY PRACTICE
Based on the passage, write a summary in which you describe:

 what the trainees have learnt or gained

 how they felt about leaving each other

Credit will be given for use of own words but care must be taken to maintain the original
meaning.

Your summary must:

 be in continuous writing (not in point form)

 use material from line 10 -41
 not be longer than 130 words, including the 10
 words given below.

Begin your summary as follows:

The programme has also helped the trainees build self-confidence …

[15 marks]

ANSWERS

VOCABULARY
 1. iron out
2. stint
3. solidarity
4. eye-opening
5. self-confidence
6. bond
7. apprehensive
8. shortcomings
COMPREHENSION

1. a. It was the end of the service and they had to leave each other.
b. They had made many new friends but they might not see each other again.

2. a. it means ‘approval’
b. the training has helped the trainees build self-confidence

3. He is no more scared of taking up challenges and has become a better

person

4. He complained about the food served at the camp and the few
misunderstandings among the trainees.

5. a. it helped to inculcate discipline and responsibility

b. it has created a better understanding among the youths of various races.

SUMMARY

The programme has helped the trainees build self-confidence. It was a new
happy experience to them. Those who took part in night trekking through a jungle learnt
how to deal with difficult situations. They are now more ready to take up challenges.
Those who took part in a cleanliness campaign learnt to understand the importance of
community service. The petty misunderstanding that the trainees had now and then only
served to strengthen the bond among themselves. More importantly, the programme
has helped inculcate discipline and responsibility. It has helped to create a better
understanding among the youths of various races. It is a good way to promote solidarity
and unity. The trainees now seem to be more confident and patient. They are now able
to mix around with ease.

(129 words)

PRACTICE 2
Questions 1 - 6 are based on the following passage.
1 Photography is the art of creating still or moving pictures by recording
them on film. The word “photography” itself is derived from the Greek word
(phos) meaning light and (graphis) meaning “stylus” or “drawing”. Put together
it simply means “drawing with lights”. Traditionally, the products of photography
have been called negatives and photographs, commonly shortened to photos. 5

2 All photography was originally monochrome, meaning the photographs

were black and white. Even after colour film was readily available, black and white
photography continued to dominate for decades, due to its lower cost and
its “classic” photographic look. It is important to note that some monochromatic
pictures are not always pure blacks and whites, but also contain other hues 10
depending on the process. The Cyanotype process produces an image of blue
and white for example. The albumen process which was used more than 150
years ago had brown tones.

3 Many photographers continue to produce monochrome images. One of

the renowned photographers in this field was Ansel Adams. Ansel Easton 15
Adam (February 20, 1902 – April 22 1984) was an American photographer best
known for his black-and-white photographs of the American West and
primarily Yosemite National Park. He played with exposure as well as adjusting
the contrast during post processing. The resulting clarity and depth
characterized his photographs. Adam’s timeless and visually stunning 20
photographs are reproduced on calendars, posters, and in books, making his
photographs widely recognizable. Adams also advocated the idea of
visualization, whereby the final image is “seen” in the mind’s eye before taking
the photo. He taught these and other techniques to thousands of amateur
photographers through his publications and his workshops. 25

4 Black and white photographs are considered to be very traditional;

however in today’s world a majority of photographers have embraced a more
modern technique of snapping monochromatic photographs. This includes
abstract photography which highlights the artistic argument of ‘art for art’s
sake’. In the same breath, a budding photographer could pose the obvious 30
question: why is it, with vibrant colours available in modern photography,
should one opt for black and white photos?

5 Depending on the subject, a photographer may use black and white film
to create a stark, sombre tone for his photos. This quality has paved the way for
black and white photography in photojournalism. The vibrancy of colour can, at 35
times, actually detract from the desired photographic effect. Subtle effects of
texture and lighting that can be lost in colour photographs will stand out in
black and white photography.

6 Black and white photos can also add an air of romance, class, colour
photo may look entirely different when seen in black and white. For this reason, 40
both wedding and gothic photography have embraced the timeless quality of
 black and white photos.

7 Without the distraction of colour, other elements of photography stand

out in black and white photos. Consequently, the photographer must pay extra
attention to lighting, textures and the basic photography composition within his 45
viewfinder’s frame. Black and white photos emphasize the play of light and
shadows without the distraction of colour. This is both a strength and weakness
for black and white photos. In the right lighting conditions, black and white
photographs are beautiful. However, when taken in the wrong light, black and
white images may look washed out or too dark. 50

8 Because shadow and light play such a key role in the effect of black
and white photography, two pictures of the same subjects can create very
different looks at different times of the day. Imagine the play of light through
trees. The contrast between dark tree trunks and light will look very different on
a sunny afternoon than on a misty morning. In both cases, however, the mood 55
achieved with black and white photography is still powerful.

9 Here are a few useful tips for amateur photographers. Because light
and shadow come to the fore in black and white photography, play with the
framing in your pictures. Taking black and white photos framed by, say, the
branches of a tree or an architectural arch can produce beautiful effects. 60
Another good tip is to opt for black and white photography when the colours in
a scene just don’t work together. For example if colours in a photograph clash,
opt for black and white to avoid colours that can distract the viewer’s eye.

10 While black and white photographs reach back to the very origins of
photography, digital cameras represent the forefront of modern photo 65
technology. At first glance, the two might not seem to go together. Yet, digital
cameras have enhanced the advantages of black and white photography. Many
digital cameras now have black and white settings. Whether you snap a photo
with a digital camera or a Polaroid, in black and white, the timeless and
nostalgic feel will always be in. 70

Adapted from Reader’s Digest 2013

1. From paragraph 1, where is the word ‘photography’ taken from?

…………………………………………………………………………………………..
[1 mark]

2. a) From paragraph 2, why does monochrome continue to dominate for decades?

………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]
b) From paragraph 3, give 2 ways how Adam taught his techniques to other
inexperienced photographers.
i) ………………………………………………………………………………
 [1 mark]
ii) ………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

3. From paragraph 5, why do some photographers prefer to use black and white film?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 mark]

4. a) From paragraph 8, why do you think the contrast between dark tree trunks and light will
look very different on a sunny afternoon than on a misty morning?
……………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]

b) From paragraph 10, which phrase means ‘everlasting and sentimental sensation’?
……………………………………………………………………………………….
[1 mark]

5. Would you consider using black and white photos for an important event in your life?
Give a reason to support your answer.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………......
[2 marks]

6. Based on the passage given, write a summary on:

 the outstanding features of black and white photography

Credit will be given for use of own words but care must be taken not to change the
original meaning.

Your summary must:

 be in continuous writing form (not in note form)
 use materials from line 7 to line 42
 not to be longer than 130 words, including the 10 words given below.

Begin your summary as follows:

Black-and-white photography continued to have the outstanding features that

dominate for decades ………

[15 marks]

ANSWERS:

1. From Greek word

2. a) due to its lower cost and its classic photographic look
b) i) he played with exposure as well as adjusting the contrast during post processing
level of creatinine was sky high
ii) Adam’s photograph are reproduce on calendars, posters and in books
iii) Adam also advocated the idea of visualization

3. to create a strak, somber tone for his photos

4. a) lights on a sunny afternoon is different on a misty morning (Accept any logical a

answer)
b) timeless and nostalgic feel

5. Yes. Reason.
No. Reason.
(Accept any logical reason.)

6. Summary Content – Each point scores 1 mark. Maximum: 10 marks

C1 - its lower cost and its “classic” photographic look

C2 - includes abstract photography which highlights the artistic argument of ‘art for
art’s sake’
C3 - create a stark, sombre tone for his photos
C4 - Subtle effects will stand out in black and white photography.
C5 - add an air of romance
C6 - class
C7 - timelessness
C8 - mystery
C9 - A run-of-the-mill colour photo may look entirely different
C10 - Without the distraction of colour, other elements of photography stand out
C11 - emphasize the play of light and shadows without the distraction of colour
C12 - in the right lighting conditions, black and white photographs are beautiful
C13 - two pictures of the same subjects can create very different looks at different
times of the day.
C14 - the mood achieved with black and white photography is still powerful.