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This blog provides with the required marpol, solas, imo regulations and study materials for class
4 mmd exams in india including orals. online exams for marine engineers with papers like
electrical, safety, naval.
Safety questions
Camber:-The transverse curvature of the deck from the centerline down to the sides. This
camber is used on exposed deck to drive water to the sides of the ship.
Sheer:- The curvature of the deck in a fore & aft directions, rising from midship to the maximum
at the ends. It makes a ship more seaworthy by raising the deck at the fore & after ends further
from the water and by reducing the volume of water coming on the deck.
Tumble Home:- In some ships, the midship side shell in the region of the upper deck is curved
slightly towards the centre line, thus reducing the width of the upper deck & decks above.
Rise of Floor:- The bottom shell of ship is sometimes sloped up from the keel to the bilge to
facilitate drainage. The rise of floor is very small.
Freeboard:-It is the distance from the waterline to the top of the deck plating at the side of the
deck amidships.
Reserve Buoyancy:- It is the potential buoyancy of a ship and depends upon the intact,
watertight volume above the waterline.
When a mass is added to ship, or buoyancy is lost due to bilging, the reserve buoyancy is
converted into buoyancy by increasing the draught. If the loss in bupyancy exceeds the reserve
buoyancy the V/L will sink.
The openings in the tankers are small than of other ship & also the permeability is more.
4. what do u mean by stability of ship. How a stable ship returns to upright posn if heeled by
external force.
STABILITY OF SHIP: The tendency of ship to come back to its upright position when healed by
external force is defined as the stability of the ship.
When a ship is healed the centre of buoyancy shifts, this forms a righting lever . thus the wt. of
the ship
Tender Ship:- The ship with a small Metacentric height has a small righting lever at any angle &
will roll easily is said to be tender ship. In tender ship, In it the centre of gravity lies below the
transverse metacentre. The GM is more than GZ. & these kind of ship are more stable.
Stiff Ship:- The ship with a large Metacentric height has a large righting lever at any angle & has
considerable resistance to rolling. A stiff ship is very uncomfortable. In it the Centre of Gravity
lies above the transverse metacentre.
6. 6. What is free surface effect. How knowledge of free surface effect will be useful. How it is
reduced constructionally.
Free Surface Effect:- When a tank of liquid is partially filled & the mass of liquid is moved. This
movement affects the Metacentric height. This is called free surface effect.
Purpose:-
Location
o Location is such that it is not so much forward as to get damaged on impact , Neither it
should be too far aft so that compartment flooded forward causes extensive trim by head. As a
rule located at minimum distance to get maximum space for cargo.
b. Corrugated Bulkhead
c. Longitudinal Bulkhead
d. Transverse Bulkhead.
e. Watertight Bulkhead
f. Non-Watertight Bulkhead
j. Collision Bulkhead.
k. insulated bulkhead
Corrugated Bulkhead:-
15. Methods of reducing rolling. Sketch of attachment of bilge keel. What ensures ship side will
not be damaged if bilge keel suffers a damage.
a. Fin stabliser
b. Bilge keel
It is half of the length of the ship. Starting from midship to fore & aft equally distanced.
Margin Line:- It is the imaginary line which is drawn 75mm below the uppermost continuous
deck. It Denotes the limit, upto which can be flooded/ loaded without sinking.
Angle of LOL:- It is the angle at which the ship with initial negative Metacentric height will lie at
rest in still water.
If the ship is further inclined to an angle less than angle of loll, the ship will sink.
14. what are GZ and KN curves.
The propeller enters the shaft outside from the ship, acting as its barrier. In case of water cooled
Stern Tube, Gland packing are used to prevent water ingress inside. But incase of Lignum vitae
bearing, some water is allowed to go.
In case of Oil cooled Stern tube, the rubber seals fitted with springs are used.
17. what is block coefficient. If we say that block coefficient of one ship is 0.9 and 0ther 0.95.
what does it mean.
Block Coefficient:- It is the ratio of volume of displacement to the product of the length, breadth
& draught.
Cb = Volume of displacement / (L x B x d)
18. Regulations for pumping out ER bilges in Special areas and outside special areas.
Any discharge into the sea of oily or oily mixtures from ships of 400 GRT & above shall be
prohibited except when all the following conditions are satisfied:-
3. The oily content of the effluent without dilution does not exceeds more than 15ppm.
4. The oily mixture does not originate from cargo pump room bilges on oil tankers.
5. The oily mixture, in case of oil tankers, is not mixed with oil cargo residues.
2. The oily mixture is processed through an Oil filtering Equipment approved by the
Administration.
3. The oil content of the effluent without dilution does not exceeds more than 15ppm.
4. The oily mixture does not originate from Cargo pump room bilges on oil tankers.
5. The oily mixture in case of oil tankers, is not mixed with oil cargo residues.
6. Any discharge into sea of oil or oily mixtures from any ship shall be prohibited in Antarctic
area.
1. Mediterranean Sea
2. Baltic sea
3. Black sea
4. Red Sea
5. Gulf area
7. Antarctic area.
2. The tanker is more than 50 nautical miles away from the nearest land.
4. The instantaneous rate of discharge of oil content does not exceeds 30litres/ nautical miles.
5. The total quantity of oil discharged into the sea does not exceeds 1/30000 of the total
quantity of the particular cargo.
6. The tanker has in operation an Oil Discharge Monitoring and Control System & slop tank
arrangement approved by the Administration.
2. Inform the nearest port authority or the port where the V/L is heading.
e. Open the overboard valve , open sea water valve & bilge pump inlet and outlet valve.
g. Start the bilge pump & fill the OWS with sea water. Let the OWS run on sea water for 10-15
mins.
h. Slowly close the sea water inlet valve & start opening the outlet valve of the bilge tank.
Every oil tanker of 150GRT and above and every ship other than oil tanker of 400GRT & above
shall carry onboard a SOPEP approved by the administration.
1. The procedure to be followed by Master & other person having charge of the ship to report an
Oil Pollution incident.
4. The procedures & point of contact on the ship for co-ordinating ship board action with
national & local authorities.
24. Garbage disposal how.
As per MARPOL Annex V, Regulation for the prevention of pollution by Garbage from ship.
1. The disposal into the sea of all plastics, plastic garbage bags and incinerator ashes from plastic
products which may contain toxic or heavy metal residues is prohibited.
2. The disposal of garbage i.e., dunnage, lining & packing materials to be made 25 Nautical miles
away from the nearest land.
3. Disposal of food wastes and all other garbage including paper products, rags, glass, metal to
be made 12 Nautical miles away from the nearest land.
4. Disposal of food wastes can be permitted if it has passed through a comminuter or grinder ,
distance is more than 3 Nautical miles from the nearest land. Such comminuted or ground
garbage shall be capable of passing through a screen with openings no greater than 25mm.
25. What chapter of Solas refers to Bulk carriers, Chemical tankers, ISM code, ISPS code
Bulk Carrier : SOLAS Chapter 12 Additional Safety Requirement for Bulk Carriers
ISM Code: SOLAS Chapter 9 Management for the safe operation of ship.
ISPS Code: SOLAS Chapter 11-2 Special Measures to enhance maritime security.
Marking on Lifeboat.
a. Name of Ship
b. Port of Registry
c. IMO Number
d. Lifeboat dimension
e. Carrying Capacity
f. Maker Name
g. Serial number
Marking on Liferaft:
a. Name of Ship.
b. Port of Registry
c. IMO Number
d. Carrying Capacity
e. Maker Name
f. Serial Number
1. Centrifugal brake
2. Deadman Handle
To prevent the overloading of motor, in case the person operating the heaving of lifeboat gets
unconscious.
Sprinkler System.
Enclosed type
Oxygen bottle.
31. What type of fixed fire extinguishing system on board. Description. Mainteannace.
Testing procedure
a. Close the section isolating valve, this will raise an alarm indicating zone isolation.
b. Now, open the test valve, if no water comes out, then it means the NR valve placed after the
section isolating valve is not leaking.
c. Since, the section after the NR valve remains pressurized, opening of the drain valve will cause
the water pressure in the section line to decrease. A pressure switch sensor senses the
decreased pressure & raises an alarm.
d. Now, close the drain valve, open the section isolating stop valve. To check the flow switch,
open the flow test switch to activate an alarm.
e. All the above alarms will be indicated on the navigation bridge, E/room as well as in the Fire
Control Room. The alarm will also indicate the particular zone from where it has risen.
f. If all the alarm conditions are satisfied, close all the testing valves, open the section isolating
valve, purge the sprinkler line by air and again keep the line pressurized. Check from the
pressure gauge, that proper pressure has been maintained or not.
16. Check the hinges of the CO2 Room door & grease it.
20. If Manual pull cables operate the remote release controls, they should be checked to verify
the cables & corner pulleys are in good condition and freely move and do not require an
excessive amount of travel to activate the system.
22. The discharge piping & nozzles should be tested to verify that they are not blocked. The test
should be performed by isolating the discharge piping from the system & flowing dry air or
nitrogen from test cylinder or through any other suitable means.
23. The hydrostatic test of all the cylinders should be done once in 10 years atleast.
25. The CO2 Lines should be blown through with service air.
37. Why fire line fitted with relief valve and drain valve
Relief valve:- Relief valve is provided if pumps are capable of developing the pressure exceeding
the design pressure of water service pipes, hydrants & hoses. It assists to avoid any overpressure
to develop in any part of the fire main.
The fire line is fitted with relief valve to prevent the damage to pipe in case , the V/L is fighting
fire with the help of shore while in dry-dock.
Drain Valve :- Drain valve is fitted to drain the fire line when not in use & also prevent the
damage to pipe due to icing, while V/L is operating in Sub-zero temperature area.
An isolating valve is fitted to separate the section of fire main within machinery space containing
main fire pumps from the rest of fire main.
As per SOLAS Chapter II-2, Regulation 10 :- Construction Fire Detection, Fire Extinction & Fire
Prevention.
Dimension:-
O.D – 178mm
I.D – 64mm
ISM Code:- As per SOLAS Chapter IX. Management for the Safe Operation of Ship.
ISM is International Safety Management Code for safe operation of ships & for pollution
prevention as adopted.
Purpose of this code is to provide an international standard for safe management and operation
of ships and for pollution prevention.
The objective is to ensure safety at sea, prevention of human injury or loss of life & avoidance of
damage to the environment , in particular to marine environment and to property.
On Navigational Bridge
STCW’95
51. Enclosed space entry. How to prepare a tank for enclosed space entry.
52. IG system, function of PV valve, high velocity vent.
Tanker type 1:- Oil Tankers above 20000 DWT, not having segregated ballast tank(SBT)
Tanker Type 2:- Oil tankers above 20000 DWT having SBT.
CAS Applies to only Type 2 tankers. Which are to be phased out in segregated manner by April
2015.
CAS is a method of checking structural integrity of ship, & its certification by regular inspection
by authority. The said inspections are carried on annually by authorities.
The bearings on which rudder weight is coming will wear down fastly.
62.What are the routine tests and maintenance on high expansion foam system?
63. What are the preparations before the ship going for drydocking?
64. Your have just joined a ship then how will you identify that the ship is following the
regulations of Marpol Annex 1?
As per MARPOL Annex 1. Regulation 17. Regulation for the prevention of pollution by oil.
Enteries done in Oil Record book are:-
a. Ballasting or cleaning of fuel oil tanks.
Alarms in IG System
e. High O2 Content
Trips in IG System
Alarms in Boiler
Trips in Boiler
c. Flame failure
Checks on SCBA
b. Examine inhalation/ exhalation valve and face mask is clear, clean & dry.
c. Open cylinder valve, listen for audible leaks( with positive pressure sets)
e.To check actual cylinder air pressure & that there are no leaks in the system. Open the cylinder
valve & read the pressure registered on the gauge, compare with full pressure marked on the
cylinder. Close the valve & observe the pressure gauge. Pressure should not drop more than 10
bars in 1 min.
f. Check correct operation of the audible warning whistle. When 80% of Oxygen is consumed
whistle should blow automatically telling wearer that only 20%( 10 mins) of air is left inside.
g. Tightness of face mask & wearer’s face be checked for effective tightness of the seal.
69. WHAT IS THE DIFF betn stiffeners of collision BKHD and normal BKHD .
70.What safeties on deck on tanker?
SOLAS Chapter 4 refers to Radio communication. In this chapter International Navtex, Sea Area
A1, A2, A3 & A4 , GMDSS, Digital selective Calling are defined.
SOLAS Chapter 5 refers to Safety of Navigation . This chapter tells about Voyage Date Recorders,
Navigation Bridge visibility, steering gear testing & drills.
SOLAS Chapter 11-1 refers to Special measures taken to enhance maritime safety. In this chapter,
it is told about Ships Identification Number, Continuous Synopsis Record.
76.Meaning of Panting,Pounding?
Panting :- As the waves pass along the ship they cause fluctuations in water pressure which tend
to create an in- and- out movement of the shell plating. The effect is mostly found to be greatest
at the ends of the ship, particularly at the fore end. Such effect is termed as Panting.
Pounding:- When a ship meets heavy weather and commences heaving and pitcxhing, the rise of
the fore end of the ship occasionally synchronises with the trough of the wave. The fore end
then emerges from the water and re-enters with a tremendous slamming effect known as
pounding.
As per MARPOL Annex 1, Regulation 33. Regulation for the prevention of pollution by oil .Every
crude oil tanker of 20000 Dwt and above shall be fitted with cargo tank cleaning system using
crude oil washing.
The purpose of COW is to reduce accumulation of sludge in tanks & reduce the amount of carry
over cargo.
During operation of COW, tanks must have oxygen content less than 8 % and under positive IG
Pressure.
The advantage of COW is that tank remains clean & ROB cargo is less & hence increases cargo
carrying capacity.
79. What IG System Requirement. Why IG System not used on ships which are less than 20000
dwt?
Every oil tanker of 20000 DWT or above should be provided with an IG System.
IG System is not used on ship which are less than 20000Dwt because COW is not applicable to
ship which are lesser than 20000 DWT .
81. Explain Sprinkler system operation, bulb colour code operation & draw diagram of quartzoid
bulb?
a. SPAN Gas:- SPAN gas consists of 99.99% Nitrogen. As per it the O2 analyser should show 0.01%
oxygen.
b. The analyzer is kept in fresh air where it should show 20.97% oxygen.
84. Limits of NOx & SO x and why they are not applicable to boilers? What are the precautionary
& prevention measure to reduce? What are the certificates concerning this?
Limits of NOx:-
b. 45.0 x n -0.2 g/Kw-h when is 130 or more but less than 2000 rpm
Limits of Sox.
Outside SECA the Sox content in fuel oil should not be more than 4.5 %.
Inside SECA the Sox content in fuel oil should not be more than 1.5 %.
If the fuel oil taken in SECA is having more than 1/5 % Sox content , then Exhaust Gas Cleaning
system be fitted to reduce the total emission of sulphur oxides from ship, including both auxiliary
and main propulsion engines to 6.0 g Sox / Kw-h or less.
MARPOL Annex VI:- Regulation for the prevention of pollution by air from ships.
Any deliberate emissions of Ozone depleting substance shall be prohibited. Deliberate emissions
include emissions occurring in the course of maintaining, servicing, repairing or disposing of
systems or equipments.
New installations which contain ozone depleting substance shall be prohibited on all ships,
except that new installations containing HCFCs are permitted until January 2020.
The substances & equipment containing such substances, shall be delivered to appropriate
reception facilities when removed from ships.
This regulation applies to the diesel engine with a power output of more than 130 KW which is
installed on a ship constructed on or after 1st January’2000. & to diesel engines with a power
output of more than 130 KW which has undergone major conversion on or after 1st
January’2000.
This regulation does not applies to emergency diesel engine, engines installed in lifeboats & any
device intended to be used solely in case of emergency.
The sulphur content of any fuel used on board ships shall not exceed 4.5% m/m.
In SECA Area the sulphur content should not exceed 1.5% m/m.
If in SECA area fuel used is having sulphur content more than 1.5% m/m , then exhaust gas
cleaning system to be provided to limit emission of Sox to 6.0g Sox /Kw-h or less.
88. Why the ship's rudder stock diameter is always preferred to be more than 230 mm?
89. what is the difference between flame arrester and flame screen?
Flame Arrrester will not let the fire to come out from inside.
Flame Screen will not let the fire to come in from outside.
it helps give the ship a streamline finish and also reduces eddies formed
code - a book which has recommendatory legal mandate, published after a convention.
31. Which Type of Pump is used to Drain Water from Cahin Locker?
Centrifugal pump.
1. Overload trip.
5. Emergency stop.
6.
7. How You will Identify in Fixed CO2 Installation System that Which Particular Bottel is
Leaking.
34. How We Will Drain The Water & Mud From Chain Locker.
35. What are the regulation regarding use of Low Expansion Foam system on deck?
The ratio of low expansion foam system used on deck should not have ratio more than 1:12.
It is the tonnage obtained by deduction from the Gross Tonnage, the tonnage of spaces which
are reqd. for the safe working of ship:
The Gross Registered Tonnage is found by adding to the Underdeck Tonnage, the tonnage of all
enclosed spaces between the upper & the second deck.
Location:- Should be on the uppermost continuous deck outside from the engine room but not
located at the forward collision bulkhead.
Services Supplied:-
(a) For a period of 3 Hrs at Emergency lighting at every muster & embarkation station.
(i) In all service & accommodation alleyways, stairways & exits, personal lift cars & personnel lift
trunks.
(ii) In the machinery spaces & main generating stations including their control positions.
(iii) In all control stations, machinery control rooms, and at each main & emergency switchboard.
(xii) Intermittent operation of the daylight signalling lamp & all integral signals that are required
in an emergency.
Location of Emergency Fire pump :- The space containing the pump should not be contiguous to
the boundaries of machinery space or those spaces containing main fire pumps.
Normally located at : Steering Gear Compartment, Aft of Collision Bulkhead, Shaft Tunnel,
Forward part of ship.
Capacity:- Shall have capacity not less than 25 m3/hr & pump should be able to deliver water at
following pressure with two hydrants opens:
The throw at the top most deck should not be less 12 meter.
2. One person goes inside the L/B and passes the end of toggle painter and plugs the drain.
4. Make fast the other end of toggle painter on a strong point forward of the ship.
5. Remove forward and aft gripes and both person stand by for passing bowing tackle and
tricing pendant.
7. Make sure the ship’s side is free of everything, no water or garbage is there.
8. Now, one person lift’s the dead mans handle slowly which releases the brake.
9. The boat along with cradle sides downward till it comes to the embarkation deck.
12. Now, tricing pendant is removed and the whole load comes on falls.
14. As soon as the boat comes around 1meter above the sea-water, it can be released.
2. 2 boat hook.
3. 2 Buckets
4. 6 Hand Flares
5. 2 Rocket parachutes
6. 2 smoke signals.
7. EPIRB
8. SART
9. Food Ration.
19. Tools
20. Compass
22. 1 Whistle
Strake adjacent to the keel on each side of the ship is called Garboard strake.
Number of adjacent strakes fitted at the end of the ship area called stealer strake.
108. What all things are written in BDN( Bunker Delivery Note)?
a. Name of Barge/Port
b. Position of vessel.
c. Delivery date
d. IMO number
f. Vessel name
g. Time of starting
h. Time of stopping
j. Viscosity at 50 Degree C
k. Density @ 15°C
m. Flash Point ° C
o. Pour Point °C
q.
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for new questions and discussions... a complete site for mariners class 4 nd class 2
http://marinesite.blogspot.in/
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