International Journal of Advanced Innovative Technology

in Engineering (IJAITE), Vol. 4, Issue 1, Jan-2019 ISSN:2455-6491

“STUDY OF PERSISTENCE OF VISION AND ITS APPLICATION”
1
PRABHU MAMARDE
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication, Prof. Ram Meghe Institute of Technology & Research,
Badnera, Amravati, India
prabhu.mamarde@gmail.com
2
UDDHAV THAKARE
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication, Prof. Ram Meghe Institute of Technology & Research,
Badnera, Amravati, India
uddhavthakare97@gmail.com
3
SHUBHAM RANGARI
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication, Prof. Ram Meghe Institute of Technology & Research,
Badnera, Amravati, India
rangarishubham199@gmail.com
4
SAURABH SAMBHARE
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication, Prof. Ram Meghe Institute of Technology & Research,
Badnera, Amravati, India
snsambhare07@gmail.com
5
CHETAN DAHAPUTE
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication, Prof. Ram Meghe Institute of Technology & Research,
Badnera, Amravati, India
chetandahapute@gmail.com
6
PROF. M. K. SHRIWAS
Department of Electronics & Telecommunication, Prof. Ram Meghe Institute of Technology & Research,
Badnera, Amravati, India

ABSTRACT: The term persistence of vision has come to be seen as inadequate to fully describe this very
complex physiological reality, it remains a standard expression and, as such, it serves as a useful metaphor. In
effect, the process know as persistence of vision plays a role in keeping the world from going pitch black every
time blink our eyes. Whenever light strikes the retina, the brain retains the impression of that light for about a
10th to a 15th of a second (depending on the brightness of the image, retinal field of view, and color) after the
source of that light is removed from sight. This is due to a prolonged chemical reaction. As a result, the eye
cannot clearly distinguish changes in light that occur faster than this retention period. The changes either go
unnoticed or they appear to be one continuous picture to the human observer.
Keywords: persistence of vision, metaphor, optical illusion, frames

1. INTRODUCTION mind is able to form a picture of the world. The eye

Persistence of vision refers to the optical
illusion whereby multiple discrete images blend into
a single image in the human mind. Our eyes offer
one of the five specialized means by which our
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is a remarkable instrument, having certain
characteristics to help us process the light we see in
such a way that our mind can create meaning from
it. Take the motion picture, the scanning of an
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International Journal of Advanced Innovative Technology
in Engineering (IJAITE), Vol. 4, Issue 1, Jan-2019
image for television, and the sequential
reproduction of the flickering visual images they
produce. These work in part because of an optical
phenomenon that has been called persistence of
vision and its psychological partner, the phi
phenomenon; the mental bridge that the mind forms
to conceptually complete the gaps between the
frames or pictures.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
Aditya Patel et. al. [1] design POV display exploits
this phenomenon by spinning a one dimensional
row of LED's through a two dimensional space at
such a high frequency that a three dimensional
display is visible. The LED matrix is connected to
the Raspberry Pi, which is fast & programmable
credit card sized computer. The display is user-
friendly when interfaced with a touch pad
compatible with the Raspberry Pi. The touch pad
ensures that no programming has to be done at a
user level and so the device gives rise to a very new,
hassle-free type of display devices.
Mr. Tushar Bedke et. at. [2] Purpose of project is to
design and create a persistence of vision (POV)
display. The display will allow the users to upload
an image to be displayed through the wireless
communication. A persistence of vision (POV)
refers to the phenomenon of the human eye in
which an afterimage exists for a brief time (10ms).
A POV display exploits this phenomena by
spinning in one dimensional row of LED’s through
a two dimensional space at such a high frequency
that a two dimensional display is visible.
Abhishek Singh et. al. [3] looked for a challenge
that would have a good mix of hardware and
software problems. We ended up primarily
concentrating on looking at unusual display
technologies and decided that a persistence of
vision (POV) display would be a good balance of
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ISSN:2455-6491
hardware and software. A POV display is a display
created by rotating an array of LEDs rapidly. Due to
the fact that human eyes can only render about 10
images per second, the fast spinning LEDS seem
like a solid display. While many POV projects have
been designed before, they tend to be similar, in the
sense that the LED‟s are mounted perpendicular to
the plane of the circuit. This may cause limitations
to the characters and figures which can be displayed
due to few number of LED. Our original goal was
to make a multi coloured LED display by using
RGB (red-green-blue) LEDs. But the high cost of
the RGB LEDs and the associated LED drivers
prevented us from doing so. While we have made a
monochrome (green) display, our design makes it
easy for the user to swap the LED array for a
different one and put in suitable LED driver’s
.Thus, one can customize the display as per the
need.
3. HOW DOES IT WORK?
Persistence of vision is the eye’s ability to keep
seeing an image of an object for a fraction of a
second after the object has disappeared from view.
The image of an object stays on your retina even
after you’ve stopped looking at it. Your eye and
brain actually retain a visual impression for about
1/20 th of a second.
The principle of persistence of vision is used in
making motion pictures and animated cartoons.
Movies are made up of a series of separate pictures,
flashed on the screen at a speed of 24 per second.
When you’re watching a movie, each image lingers
on the retina long enough to merge with the next
image and you have the illusion of motion.
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International Journal of Advanced Innovative Technology
in Engineering (IJAITE), Vol. 4, Issue 1, Jan-2019
4. APPLICATIONS OF PERSISTENCE
OF VISION
The POV Display is basically a display device so it
finds applications in the field of computing,
information exchange and entertainment[3]
.4.1 The Display can be used as an interactive
medium to make students learn about various
concepts in educational institutions, that is, they can
be used in e-class or e-learning. As this display has
the ability to display images in a 3 dimensional
manner, they can be used in educational institutions
for better understanding and higher imagination.
4.2 The Raspberry Pi is directly interfaced with the
touch screen peripheral. This touch screen
peripheral can be connected to the GPIOs pins of
the raspberry pi. Once this touch screen is
interfaced it can be used for displaying any pattern
directly on the POV display by merely drawing it
on the touch screen. The touch screen has many
advantages that will save the memory usage on the
raspberry pi as the pattern to be generated need not
be stored beforehand. It will also become easy for
the consumers to use the display as no prior
knowledge about programming is needed, as the
pattern can be directly drawn.
4.3 Along with the LEDs a row of proximity
sensors will allow the consumers to actually
pinpoint location or images on the display. As the
display will be continuously rotating therefore
touching it directly is not possible, so the use of
proximity sensors can greatly help the viewers to
enhance their viewing experience. For example, if
we display a globe and want the information of a
specific place on the globe then we can just pinpoint
the location and the information about that place
can be displayed.
4.4 The POV Display can act as an emulator screen.
Emulators are used to run older devices in the
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newer devices. Due to its attractive display
technique the globe can be used as a display device
for various emulators and different gaming consoles
so as to increase the gaming experience. Can
display 2D images as 3D, the POV display will
become an ideal display device for such types of
consoles.
4.5 The POV Display can be interfaced with a
wireless transmitter and the receiver [3]. The
advantage of using this wireless transmitter and
receiver will be that the number of wires will be
reduced on the board due to which the weight and
the obstruction to the flow of air in the rotating
display will become less and there will be less air
resistance. So the touch screen will be connect to
the transmitter side and the receiver will be inside
the rotating ring with the raspberry pi. This will
become more users friendly.
5. CONCLUSION
This display device is a step into the future
technology. It not only provides with a better
viewing experience but it also opens new ways to
change the way one has been seeing display
devices. The proximity sensors can be added with
each LED so as to pinpoint locations on the display
without hampering the rotating ring. The touch
screen can be added in order to reduce complexity
and to make it user friendly for the general public
who do not possess knowledge of programming
.Thus the POV devices can set up a benchmark for
upcoming neoteric technologies.
6. REFERENCES
[1] Aditya Patel1, Ashish Kumar Khandual2, Kavya
Kumar3, Shreya Kumar4, "Persistence Of Vision
Display- A Review", IOSR Journal of Electrical and
Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE) e-ISSN:
2278-1676,p-ISSN: 2320-3331, Volume 10, Issue 4
Ver. III (July – Aug. 2015), PP 36-40
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International Journal of Advanced Innovative Technology
in Engineering (IJAITE), Vol. 4, Issue 1, Jan-2019 ISSN:2455-6491
[2] Mr. Tushar Bedke , Mr. Susmith Charantimath,
Ms. Rashmi R Awaradi, Mr. Suneel Lamani, Mr.
Amit Kodachawad, "Persistence Of Vision Using
Arduino",

[3] Abhishek Singh, Prasad Thakur, Pravin Mote,

"Persistence of Vision based display",

[4] Arthur C. Hardy, "A Study of the Persistence of

Vision", Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences of the United States of America, Vol. 6,
No. 4 (Apr. 15, 1920), pp. 221-224.
https://www.jstor.org/stable/84382

[5] Robinson P. Paul, Ghansyam B. Rathod, Vishwa

R. Trivedi, Punit V. Thakkar, "Persistence of Vision
Control Using Arduino", I.J. Intelligent Systems
and Applications, 2014, 01, 102-111.

[6] Rathnayaka Mudiyanselage Chanaka Prabhath

Karunarathna, W. K. I. L. Wanniarachchi, "The
persistence of vision (POV) LED globe",
Proceedings of the Research Symposium of Uva
Wellassa University, January 29-30, 2015.

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